Types of pitched roofs and their characteristics. Technology of installation of different types of roofs Waterproofing coating of flat roofs

The final stage in the construction of any private house or cottage is the installation of the roof. Depending on its configuration, the final cost of the work varies, which, in turn, consists of individual tariffs for certain services for the arrangement of the entire structure.

First of all, it is worth analyzing in detail what stages the complex installation of a turnkey pitched roof consists of. There are ten key steps in total:

1. Installation of the truss frame. The truss structure is the skeleton of the roof, and therefore must be strong, reliable and well-designed. For its construction, various lumber is used - timber, boards, slats, and so on. The configuration of the truss frame must match the features of the building and the material that will be used for roofing. The cost of this service is charged based on the area of ​​the house.
2. Thermal insulation work. In budget construction, this stage is often skipped, which leads to increased heat losses during the operation of the house and, as a result, significant costs during the heating season. With a competent approach, the heat-insulating layer is equipped for any roofing material and type of building. As a rule, basalt wool is used for these purposes, less often - polystyrene foam plates. The tariff for this service is calculated based on the entire area of ​​the laid thermal insulation material.
3. Waterproofing works. It is also an obligatory stage of roof installation, on which the tightness of the structure and the likelihood of roof leaks during the rainy season and melt water will depend. For the arrangement of the waterproofing layer, special modern materials are used, which are quite inexpensive, easily fixed and do not create problems during further manipulations. The tariff is calculated similarly to thermal insulation.
4. Framing arrangement. Under any roofing material, it is necessary to assemble a supporting crate. If rigid covering materials are used (metal tiles, corrugated board, ondulin), then a simple crate is made from a five-centimeter beam. For soft types of roofing (flexible tiles), plywood or OSB is additionally sewn onto the frame. For those materials that are sewn in a horizontal direction, the so-called counter-lattice is additionally equipped. The price depends on the complexity and area of ​​the roof.
5. Installation of roofing material. It is attached to a previously prepared structure using a technology that depends on the type of material itself. Usually, for different types of roofs, the manufacturer indicates on the packaging the features of installation, which experts already know very well. The cost of roofing work depends on the area of ​​​​the laid material.
6. Installation of additional roofing elements. A pitched roof will not be able to fully look and function without such details as skates, end strips, and so on. Their configuration and method of installation is also highly dependent on the covering material, which is preferred. As a rule, the tariff for the installation of most of these parts is indicated per linear meter of the product.
7. Gutter installation. Without this system, the roof will be able to function normally, however, from precipitation and melt water, the facade decoration, load-bearing walls and the blind area around the house will quickly become unusable. The cost of installing a drain depends on the material from which the key elements are made, as well as on the total length of the structure (the tariff is set for each running meter of gutters and downpipes).
8. Snow blower installation. Without this structure, the snow accumulated on the roof, under the influence of natural heating of the roofing material, will descend on the heads of residents in heavy and life-threatening avalanches. Snow catchers are mounted in the form of stacked elements, which are a pipe (a set of pipes) or a bar, which is attached to the supporting parts of the roof on brackets. The cost of work in these cases depends on the length of the snow-retaining structure, as well as on its type (tubular, lamellar).
9. Installation of marching devices. Steps and spans are needed for more convenient and safe maintenance of the roof and drainage system.
10. Installation of skylights. If the roof configuration provides for a residential attic space, then the obligatory step is the arrangement of skylights. The cost of their manufacture and installation is calculated individually.

Other works discussed with the contractor additionally can also be added to the installation of the roof.

The cost of installing a roof in Moscow and the region

The total budget for the installation of a pitched roof consists of individual tariffs for the above services. However, the final amount will depend not only on what work is being done, but also on the following criteria:

• the height of the walls of the building;
• roof height;
• building perimeter;
• the number of roof slopes;
• the complexity of the configuration of the truss system;
• type of roof - hip, single-pitched, double-pitched and so on;
• type of main roofing material;
• the need for additional structures and elements;
• the presence or absence of skylights in the project.

You can see the approximate rates for the installation of a pitched roof in the table below. In more detail and accurately on this issue, you will be informed by our consultant, who can be contacted through the specified phone number or using the feedback form on the site.

The construction of the roof completes the construction process of erecting the building. In order for it to be strong and durable, it is necessary to build the truss structure as correctly as possible. As for coating materials, metal and bituminous tiles are most often used for these purposes.

What are the roofs

Thanks to the roof, the house acquires its originality and uniqueness. There is a rather impressive list of varieties of this design, especially for do-it-yourself roofing. In general, all roofs are divided into flat and pitched.

flat

In our country, this type of construction is not used very often: much more often flat roofs can be found in southern Europe. Of great importance is the amount of snowfall in winter. Therefore, it becomes clear why only certain roofing materials are popular with us, because they have to withstand multi-ton snow loads. The most reliable option for a flat roof in this case is a reinforced concrete floor, which is most often equipped with garages and apartment buildings. For its construction, a crane and special construction equipment are used.

For facing a flat roof, roofing material or its modifications (rubemast, euroroofing material) are most often used. Subject to technology, such a design will last about 15 years, after which major repairs will be required. In addition, there are so-called. "exploited" flat roofs, on the surface of which green spaces, playgrounds and even swimming pools are placed. It will require the construction of a convenient exit, which only qualified specialists can do.

pitched

A very common type of roof in the field of domestic private construction. Pitched roof can have different shapes and angles of inclination. The simplest option is a shed roof, in which one of the persistent walls is made higher: in this way, the necessary bevel of the roof structure is obtained. The shape of the frame here directly depends on the distance between the supports. Despite the small presentability, shed roofs are very popular in the field of private construction. This is primarily due to their low cost and ease of construction.

The first place in terms of prevalence continues to be held by gable structures, the appearance of which largely depends on the angle of inclination of the slopes. This parameter may be different on individual slopes: this primarily concerns gable structures. Depending on the number of gables, single-gabled and double-gabled roofs are distinguished. To perform a multi-gable framework, serious knowledge in the field of architecture will be required.

Double-gable roofs are quite often equipped with attics, where full-fledged living quarters are equipped. Basically, this approach to planning is typical for cottage construction: the frame in this case is quite simple, and the appearance of the roof is very presentable.

Slope angle

Roof construction technology largely depends on the slope angle. To calculate it, you need a serious approach. First of all, the frequency of precipitation in a given region is taken into account: for rainy areas, the slope angle is recommended at 45 degrees. In the presence of strong winds, the roof is made more gentle.

The type of roofing material used also affects the roof slope parameter. Tiled or slate coverings will require a slope angle of at least 22 degrees to prevent moisture from accumulating at the docking areas. For the construction of a pitched roof with one plane, the slope angle is selected within 20-30 degrees, for a gable roof - 25-45 degrees. With an increase in the steepness of the slopes, the cost of their construction increases, in view of the increasing costs of the material. The most low-budget is a flat roof with a slope of 5 degrees.

Design features

The structure of any roof includes a truss system, on which a roofing pie is mounted. It includes rafters, struts, Mauerlat and crate. Rafters are hanging and layered. The main element here is the triangle, which is given the greatest rigidity. The ends of the layered elements are placed on top of the walls, and their middle touches the intermediate racks. The ends of the hanging rafters are mounted only on walls or Mauerlat: there are no intermediate racks here.

The tops of the log house act as a Mauerlat on wooden buildings. Brick walls are equipped with a wooden beam laid flush with the inner wall plane. At the top, the truss system is formed by a run, which acts as a connector for truss trusses. The ridge run subsequently becomes the location of the roof ridge. The composition of the cake includes a crate, vapor barrier, insulation and cladding. Sometimes there are other layers: this is influenced by the climatic conditions of the area and the chosen technology of arrangement.

What roofing material is best

It is necessary to decide on the roofing material even during the development of project documentation, as this will greatly facilitate planning. The choice of a suitable material is influenced by its price, composition and external aesthetic characteristics.

The most popular roofing options are:

• Decking. It is the prototype of a metal tile. It has the appearance of a steel sheet rolled in the longitudinal direction. As a material protection, galvanizing or polymer coating can be used. Basically, with the help of corrugated board, commercial-type buildings are being built - hangars, warehouses, garages. In private construction, it is used to implement budget projects.
• metal tile. A very common roof covering. In the production process, galvanized sheets are rolled, after which they are formed with a layer of protective polymer. Outwardly, metal tiles are similar to ceramic tiles, significantly inferior to it in weight.
• Ceramic tiles. Traditional roofing material, belonging to the category of elite. Approximately 14 modifications of this coating are on sale. The disadvantages of ceramic tiles include its significant weight, lack of strength, high cost. Installation work in this case is an order of magnitude more complicated than in the case of a metal counterpart, since it will require the creation of a strong truss structure. If everything is done correctly, ceramic will last about 80 years.
• bituminous tiles. For the manufacture of these flexible plates, fiberglass or fiberglass impregnated with modified bitumen is used. The color palette of bituminous tiles is very large, so there are usually no problems with choosing the right shade. With the help of this coating, it is possible to decorate roofs of the most complex configuration. Bituminous shingles are very light, have high soundproofing performance, and there is practically no waste when laying them.
• Cement-sand tiles. In the manufacturing process, the dry mass undergoes a rolling procedure. Consists of quartz sand, Portland cement, water and alkali. Acrylic dye is used to communicate the desired color. With the similarity of a number of characteristics with ceramic tiles, cement-sand products are much cheaper.
• seam roof. The most popular type of metal roofing. It can be made of titanium-zinc, copper or steel. The main disadvantage of galvanized coating is the need for regular painting. The weight of this design is small, but additional soundproofing will be required.
• Slate. A rather cheap material, during the manufacturing process of which the cement stone is reinforced with asbestos fibers. Laying slate is quite simple: such a roof withstands various atmospheric influences. Over time, the surface tarnishes, due to which it loses its former attractiveness. In addition, there is an increase in the fragility of the material, which causes leaks.
• Euroslate. It is also called ondulin. This corrugated bituminous sheet is characterized by low weight and good elasticity. Installation of euroslate is simple, it usually does not take much time. Having approximately the same cost as ordinary slate, ondulin surpasses it in terms of aesthetics and richness of colors.
• Keramoplast. An innovative polymeric material of domestic production that imitates various roofing materials, from slate to tile. It is light in weight and has excellent strength.

Do-it-yourself roof construction

At the beginning of the construction of the roof device, a Mauerlat is laid on top of the load-bearing walls, for which anchors will be required for fastening. Under it, it is imperative to put waterproofing (roofing or roofing material).

Next, the rafters are installed, the diameter of which is directly dependent on the angle of the roof slope. For fastening the rafter tops, overlapped overlays are used. Mauerlat on the bottom is equipped with brackets that fix the rafter legs.

Roof cladding

Upon completion of the installation of the truss structure, a crate is laid, the parameters of which correspond to the selected roof cladding. It can be continuous or sparse, with a certain step. A solid structure is arranged for a soft roof: in this case, plywood sheets are used.

In the case of metal tiles, corrugated board or ondulin, the crate is constructed from boards, the distance between which can vary between 40-50 cm. On private houses, a small protrusion is required along all overhangs: this will allow you to build a protective cornice that protects the walls from flooding with rain during the wind .

Vapor barrier device

If it is planned to organize a full-fledged living space in the attic, then vapor barrier material must be placed under the roofing. For these purposes, isospan or yutafan is suitable. If the attic will be used exclusively as a pantry, then it is not necessary to lay a vapor barrier.

Warming technology

Thanks to the insulated roof, significant savings in money are achieved for heating the house in the winter. Basically, mineral wool and slab material - ursu and isover - are used for thermal insulation of the roof. It is very important that the heaters can endure moisture, frost, are not toxic and do not exude unpleasant odors. The heat-insulating material and the crate must be separated by an air gap of at least 50 mm, which will avoid wetting the insulation from the resulting condensate. For these purposes, the rafters are equipped with a counter-lattice.

Roofing installation

It is better to start the laying procedure from below, in the opposite direction to rainwater. If corrugated sheets are used, then it will be necessary to take into account the direction of the prevailing winds in this region. It is most convenient to assemble roofing materials on the roof: those that are not equipped with a special fastening system (we are talking about metal tiles and corrugated board) are equipped with special roofing nails. The final stage of the organization of the roof is the installation of special elements to retain snow.

Arrangement of roof ventilation

In order for the roof to last as long as possible, it is necessary to equip it with effective ventilation. It is intended to remove moisture outside the structure, facilitating air circulation under the roof. To do this, it can use both natural draft and special ventilation devices: in this case, everything depends on the area and design features of the under-roof space.

The valley is especially susceptible to moisture, so it should be protected as well as possible. Carrying out the construction of the roof of a country house, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of subsequent measures for the maintenance and repair of the structure. This will require a fixed ladder.

Roof installation is the final stage of building a house, so it is important to approach this issue responsibly. If you contact our company, which has been installing pitched roofs in Moscow for many years, the end result will exceed all your expectations.

About what a pitched roof is and why it is recommended to perform its installation will be discussed in this article.

So, a pitched roof is a structure consisting of one or more planes, having an angle of inclination, the definition of which is based on:

• the location of the house and the wind loads exerted on it;
• annual rainfall (determined depending on the climatic region).

Prices for all types of installation work on the roof are presented on the page "".

Important! When determining the angle of inclination at which the pitched roof will be installed, the type of roofing material used should be taken into account.

In the production of roofing materials, manufacturers indicate the recommended angle of inclination for a particular coating. Pitched roofs can be made with attic space (split roof) and without it (combined). The choice will depend on the main purpose of the premises, as well as its number of storeys, we note that the first option is in great demand in Moscow. Depending on the option chosen, the cost of the device, as well as the price of repairing a pitched roof, will change, how much and in which direction it will, among other things, depend on the type of roofing material. For example, repairing a pitched roof made of slate will cost less than a profiled sheet, but it may need to be done much more often.

Types and types of roofing system

During the construction of cottages and private houses, our company can offer the installation of a pitched roof from a profiled sheet or other roofing material at the client's choice.

Note that the considered version of the roof differs in the following types:

• conical or domed (used in the construction of houses of complex cylindrical shape);
• attic or broken line (slopes are performed by a broken line);
• gable (the design consists of two slopes, which are interconnected by a cornice);
• hip (consists of two triangular and trapezoidal slopes);
• lean-to (one side of the structure rests on the truss system, and the other on the load-bearing wall).

Depending on the option chosen, the cost of installation, as well as the price of repairing a pitched roof, a service that can also be ordered by contacting Roof Technology LLC, will change somewhat.

How to choose the right type of pitched roof

By contacting our company, there will be no difficulties with solving this issue - professionals will select the most profitable option, taking into account all the requirements and standard norms. At the same time, you will be able to find out the prices for the installation of a pitched roof of a particular type, and also based on what the price is formed. What is important to consider when choosing the type of roof?

Slope slope. It is recommended to carry out the installation of pitched roofs from a profiled sheet at an angle of inclination of up to 50 degrees, in this case in winter, during snowfalls, snow will not linger on the roof surface, as a result of which there will be no extra load on the truss system. In this case, when carrying out construction activities, it is permissible to use material for the construction of rafter legs of a smaller section. For a roof with a slope angle of 2 degrees, the cross section of the material will need to be increased. Note that depending on the material chosen, the price of installing a pitched roof will vary somewhat.

Requirements for durability and reliability. The roof must be fire resistant, durable and have an increased load-bearing capacity. Our company, regardless of whether work is performed in Moscow or the Moscow region, uses only the highest quality consumables, which are necessarily treated with protective paints, antiseptic compounds, and fire-resistant solutions.

When performing a roofing installation, it is insulated, a variety of materials can be used, which not only affects the final price of installing a pitched roof, but also the choice of consumables for the construction of a truss system. Why? Depending on the type of heat-insulating material, an additional load will be exerted on the roof structure, in this case it is important to choose the right section of the material that will be used when making the crate.

Only after the issues have been resolved with the choice of the type of roof, the angle of inclination and other points, can we begin to begin the main part of the work.

What will determine the cost of installing a pitched roof

It is impossible to say unequivocally how much the work will cost, since everything here depends on the individual requirements of the client and the chosen roof structure. In addition, the cost and type of roofing material used will be somewhat affected. On our website, prices for the installation of a pitched roof, as well as for its repair, are detailed.

Note that the cost of installing a pitched roof using a profiled sheet as a roofing material will cost an order of magnitude more expensive than, for example, if you use ordinary slate. Here everything is explained by the merits and advantages of the first, which is able to serve properly and reliably, without requiring additional attention for many years. By the way, today it is this material that is most popular in Moscow, since after its installation it is not required to carry out repairs of pitched roofs in the next few years. Now a little about how to properly install a profiled sheet.

So, using this roofing material, and regardless of whether the installation or repair of the pitched roof is being carried out, the laying should begin from below with an overlap in one wave. Note that a roofing profiled sheet with a colored polymer coating or a regular galvanized one can be used.

Cooperating with our company, the installation of pitched roofs in Moscow of any complexity will be completed in record time, with high quality and in compliance with basic technologies and modern requirements.

The final element of the construction of the building is considered a pitched roof. The cosiness and comfort of the future structure depends on how correctly the design is calculated. Pitched roof slopes can range from 10 to 60 degrees. When choosing a slope, take into account the climate, the type of roofing materials used, architectural and economic considerations. In areas with a large amount of precipitation, the slope is made from 45 degrees or more, and in the region with strong and frequent gusts of wind, a small slope is set.

When building houses of a private or country type, pitched roofs are often used. They consist of an inclined surface, their angle of inclination is more than ten degrees. The design can be combined or separate. A separate roof provides for the presence of non-residential premises - an attic. In the combined version, load-bearing elements are used to cover the upper floor.

The slope helps to remove any precipitation from the surface. If ceramic tiles are used for the roof, the slope will have a ratio of 1:2, metal tiles - 1:3. If the slope is 15% or more, the roof is called steep, if up to 15%, then it is called flat. Depending on what the pitched roof consists of, it can be:

• lean-to;
• gable;
• hip;
• multi-forceps;
• broken line;
• domed and conical;
• combined.

shed roof

Such a pitched roof consists of one plane. The outer walls of the house have different heights, this contributes to the formation of a slope during the construction of the truss system. This design is often used to create buildings for household needs. It is easy to build and doesn't cost much. The roof structure may include ondulin, metal tile, metal profile, roofing felt, tile or slate.

Important: A shed roof will last a long time only if the wind constantly blows from its low part. A change in wind direction will make such a design unreliable.

Rainfall does not accumulate on the pitched roof, they flow in one direction, which simplifies the installation of storm sewers. The disadvantage of a shed roof is that there is no attic space, the inability to implement most of the design ideas. This type includes:

• rafter system, which bears the entire load;
• crate serving as a support for roofing material;
• waterproofing and thermal insulation that protects against moisture penetration and retains heat;
• roofing material;
• additional materials that increase strength.

Gable roof

This type is used in the construction of private houses, it consists of slopes, while the load-bearing walls have the same height. Often a gable roof is called a gable roof, as it has a triangular shape. Such a pitched roof is made of:

• rafters;
• Mauerlat;
• crates;
• bearing part;
• horizontal ribs;
• valleys;
• racks;
• overhangs;
• thermal and waterproofing.

In order for the design of the pitched roof to be as stable as possible, braces, struts, and diagonal parts are additionally used. With the help of them, resistance increases, the frame is strengthened. It is most economical to use a pitched roof with an angle of inclination of 35-40 degrees. This value allows you to optimally distribute the total load, but the attic in this case cannot be used as a living room.

Important to remember: The angle of inclination of the roof affects its resistance to stress, the larger the angle, the stronger the frame should be.

The gable type can be symmetrical, asymmetrical and broken:

1. The first type of pitched roof is quite simple for installation and further maintenance, it allows you to use the attic as an attic due to the creation of an extensive under-roof space.
2. An asymmetrical version of a pitched roof, their design looks somewhat unusual due to the fact that the ridge is not located in the center, but with a certain offset, but the attic space is significantly reduced.
3. The broken variety allows you to increase the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe under-roof space. In this case, the upper part remains flat, and the lower part is obtained with a sharp slope.

hip roof

It consists of four slopes. The first two are an isosceles trapezoid, while the other two are triangular. When erecting a pitched roof, double tightening and beams are used. The practical shape allows you to quickly get rid of snow and water. The classic version, consisting of a fairly steep slope (about 45 degrees), perfectly protects the house from strong northerly winds.

When constructing a hip structure, it is necessary to install gutters. The design consists of:

• ridge beam - the junction of all faces;
• hips - two triangular slopes that serve as the facade of the house;
• trapezoidal slopes;
• overhangs that protect the surface of the walls from moisture;
• truss system, bearing the weight of the roofing cake, forming the angle of inclination of the slopes;
• roofing;
• drain;
• snow retainers.

Important: The hip roof truss system, in comparison with other types of roofing, has a high level of complexity.

A hip roof can have several types of structures:

1. Dutch. The hips do not reach the lower edge of the eaves. This design is used in the construction of small cottages with wooden floors.
2. Shatrovaya. All four slopes are erected in the same shape and at equal angles. This type is used for large buildings that have a rectangular base.
3. broken line. It has several slopes connected at different angles. This option is considered the most difficult, but thanks to it, the structure turns out to be aesthetically attractive.
4. Danish. Gables are located in the upper part of the short slopes.

Multi-gable roof

In this case, forceps are used. Such a pitched roof is installed on a building that has the shape of a rectangle, a complex polygonal, or a broken shape. The use of space located under the roof, in this case, is possible for a living room. The gable is a kind of continuation of the wall of the house with a triangular top and two slopes at the top. It is not limited by the eaves.

The most common variant of the multi-gable roof is the three-gable or four-gable design. In general, such an architectural structure is characterized by high cost and laborious construction. The design consists of:

• carrier link - Mauerlat;
• puffs, horizontal beams between the walls of the building;
• truss group;
• rib or ridge, a horizontal beam, which is the top of a triangle;
• crossbar, headstock and struts;
• valleys;
• tongs;
• counter-lattices and battens;
• roofing cake.

Each listed structural element can be supplemented with roof elements, they make the structure more durable and durable.

It's important to know: Any window opening, the exit of the chimney and ventilation pipe must be taken into account in advance in the roof structure and marked in a certain way.

When choosing roofing for pitched roofs, give preference to lightweight material, this will help reduce the load on the structure. In order to use the space under the roof without problems in the future, each part should be installed so that they can be closed with decorative finishing materials.

broken roof

This type of roof contains a large number of broken lines. This option is ideal if you need to fit an attic of the required volume into a pitched roof. Many homeowners choose this type because of the unusual shape. The design is such that it significantly reduces the "dead zones". The basis of a broken roof can be a wooden structure, or capital walls.

Important: It is desirable to erect a sloping roof on buildings whose width does not exceed six meters, otherwise the strength and reliability of the structure may suffer.

The design consists of:

• upper crown made of profiled timber;
• beams;
• ceiling and wall coverings;
• thermal insulation layer;
• attic floor;
• racks for the attic partition;
• crates;
• rafters;
• roofing material in the form of a corrugated sheet, ondulin, or corrugated board;
• crossbars;
• skate.

Depending on the number of slopes, a sloping roof can be single-slope, gable, three-slope, four-slope. There are also various configurations for the construction of pitched roofs. The parabolic shape is most often used; it is erected on private rectangular buildings.

Domed and conical roof

For the construction of such a structure, curved frame elements are used, and a pitched roof is erected from hard or soft materials. The dome is constructed from special beams, which are then insulated and sheathed. In the center of the structure, it is necessary to install a vertical support column. A ring is attached to it - this is the upper support for the rafters. The lower part of the arch elements is mounted on the Mauerlat. This design is very complex, so it is rarely used for coating.

Important: If a domed and conical roof is used as decoration, then it will only cover part of the house. Therefore, it is important to carefully approach the arrangement of joints with the roof of the main building.

The conical version is applicable for houses with a large number of faces. Here a layered type of truss system is used. A pillar should be located in the central part of the building, this will be the support of the structure. As roofing elements, it is best to use a flat slate sheet, so it will be much easier to fit the docking points.

Combined roof

This type is used in houses with an extension from non-residential premises, when the roof goes from one level to another. The combined version has a complex device technology. For the normal operation of the structure, it is important to conduct heat and waterproofing over one part of the house, and equip a combined roofing pie over the other. The roof covering in this case is a material that is equally suitable for both flat and convex surfaces. Often these are piece materials for pitched roofs in the form of natural tiles, slate, flexible bituminous tiles.

When choosing a type, it is important to immediately understand whether it can cope with the tasks assigned to it. It is important that the roof meets not only the aesthetic requirements of the owner, but also be practical. Remember, the more difficult the chosen form, the more money you will have to spend.