How to build a wooden porch - a beautiful and functional extension for entering the house. Do-it-yourself porch of a house: a phased extension from the porch to the house Types of porches for a wooden house

The completed look in the design of the house gives a properly selected style and built porch. You can build a porch for a wooden house with your own hands only when its external design and compliance with the exterior of the house itself are taken into account.

Naturally, no matter how beautiful the porch is, it is important that it is distinguished by functionality and ease of use. Therefore, we will consider the options for a porch for a wooden house available to each private developer, what the design should be in a particular case, and also what main stages its construction consists of.

Before proceeding with the construction, it is logical to first consider the most suitable porch samples for a wooden house. And only after careful consideration and weighing of all their pros and cons, you can directly proceed to the construction of the chosen structure.

Note! If the house is built of timber, solid logs or has a wooden frame structure, then it is better to choose wood as the main material. This will preserve the general style of the entire architectural composition, and will not cause difficulties if it is necessary to connect the extension to the main structure.

Porch modification table:

View	Properties
open	This is a simple platform with steps. It is a small extension necessary for a comfortable transition from the surface of the earth to the house and back. May have railings and railings. Simplicity of design. Low price. Minimum effort to create. Small consumption of materials. Dampness, rain and snow will always accumulate on the surface of the porch.
with canopy	A covered wooden porch for a house implies the presence of a canopy or a full roof in its design. Unlike the option described above, it is more difficult to manufacture, requires more effort, time and financial expenses. However, along with this, it has the following advantages: Protects the entrance to the house from rain. With sufficient space, it can be used as a full-fledged terrace.
Completely closed	The porch of a wooden house is closed, it has in its structure not only the necessary steps and a platform, but also a roof, walls, windows and doors. In fact, this is no longer a porch, but a real veranda. If you insulate it, you get a full-fledged winter room. The disadvantage of such a structure is the maximum cash costs of all the above options. In addition, such a porch can no longer be used as a small terrace.

External parameters

From the table above, it can be seen that the porch for a wooden private house can be made in three main modifications.

However, in addition to this, each of the presented options is characterized by a set of external parameters, such as:

Height. As a rule, the height of the porch at the house coincides with the same parameter of the dwelling. At the same time, the option is not ruled out when a balcony for the second floor can become a continuation of the porch. In this case, the porch and balcony are built in a single structure.
Dimensions. The area of the door area should be such that the opening of the doors occurs without interference. Based on this, the minimum width of the site is 2-1.5 times the value of the door itself.
Stair type. The length of the flight of stairs is selected individually - depending on the conditions and the distance to the ground from the front door. Its width, optimally, should be at least 120 cm.

Treads or steps for maximum comfort should be at least 180-200 mm wide, and their height should not exceed 120-150 mm. The height of the railing is about 80-90 cm.

Form. A wooden porch for a private house can be of any shape. However, one must take into account and not forget about its stylistic combination with the design of the house. The porch extension can be in the form of a semicircle, a rectangle and adjoin the house directly or from the side - the main thing is that architectural harmony is not disturbed.

Construction technology

Perhaps everyone who has at least a little building experience can make a porch to a house out of wood. However, its quality and functionality will directly depend on how competent the approach to its planning, preparation, selection of materials and implementation of all stages of construction was. Therefore, we will consider the main stages of creating a wooden porch.

Stage 1 - design

The ease of execution of all stages of construction will depend on how carefully and taking into account all the features the porch to the house will be designed. Of course, a homemade porch design does not have to be a professional document submitted to the district architect for signature. However, it should be easy to understand for the developer himself.

It is best to draw a sketch of the porch showing all its main / load-bearing elements, their sizes, indicating the type of materials used and, if necessary, the features of working with them.

In the project - a porch for a wooden house - it is necessary to reflect:

Dimensions of the porch platform, and its position in relation to the front door.
Type of steps and their characteristics (number, height, width).
The design and main parameters of the porch canopy.
Dimensions and structure of the enclosing elements of the porch - railings, handrails.
Type of connection to the house.
Types of materials used, their quantity and the required set of tools.

Stage 2 - marking, preparing and pouring the foundation

markup

After the plan is drawn up, you can start marking the future design. Marking is a clear definition on the ground of the contours of the future structure. It can be done, for example, by driving pegs into the ground at the corners of the perimeter at the site of the planned structure next to the front door.

In this case, it is imperative to follow the "oblique" markup. Its parameters must strictly correspond to the given geometric figure.

If it is a rectangle, its corners must not deviate from 90 degrees. more than 1 deg. The determination of the parameters is carried out either manually or with the help of special building measuring devices.

formwork

To create the foundation for the porch, you need to prepare the formwork. As a rule, a wooden porch is not heavy. Therefore, it is possible to use a shallow columnar foundation at the corners and perimeter of the structure.

The distance between the posts should be no more than 1.5 meters. Dimensions of concrete pillars - width and length - 20-30 cm, height - 40-50 cm, depth - 20-30 cm.

The formwork for such a foundation is a small hole, about 30 cm deep (to the clay layer). If the soil is loose / loose, you can make a thin layer of fine gravel, up to 20 cm thick.

The upper part of the formwork is a box without a bottom knocked together in the form of a square or rectangle, corresponding to the size of the pit and installed on top of it. If the porch is made of timber / logs, that is, it has a lot of weight, it is better to make the foundation tape, but also shallow, having previously prepared the appropriate formwork for it.

However, the depth of the foundation, as well as its type, depends entirely on the conditions of the area, the type of soil and the level of groundwater. We consider the best option - on hard ground, straight section and groundwater, not close to the surface.

Foundation

When the formwork is ready, you can start filling it with a pre-prepared concrete solution. In view of the fact that the volume of the foundation is small, concrete can be prepared independently, although if there are free resources, you can also use the production of concrete to order.

The brand of concrete must be selected strong, but not of a very high value. For example, for a framed porch made of pine boards with a light canopy, concrete grade M100 - M150 will be enough for the foundation.

It is not necessary to reinforce the columnar foundation. On the other hand, if the foundation is made in the form of a monolithic tape under a heavy porch made of timber or round timber, it is better to make a full-fledged reinforcing frame for it.

Note! Alternatively, a shallow porch post foundation can be made from standard building bricks or small concrete blocks, stacked into an appropriately sized post with mortar.

The foundation will be ready after pouring for loading after 3 weeks. At the end of this period, the formwork can be dismantled, and beams can be installed on concrete columns.

Foundation for stairs

The foundation is needed not only for the porch platform, but also under the stairs. It can also be made in the form of small columns with a depth of 20-30 cm into the ground.

The columns formed under the support of the lower part of the stairs should not be too high - ideally, they should be equal to the height of one step, that is, no more than 15-20 cm.

Stage 3 - construction of the porch

To make a do-it-yourself porch for a wooden house, you will need to purchase a sufficient amount of lumber and, of course, choose the right tool for processing it.

The construction of the porch includes the following operations:

First you need to install the beams fitted to the size - the base for the porch platform. Best suited for this purpose is a bar with a height of 150-180 mm and a width of 100 mm. After installation, the pieces of timber must be connected to each other.

To do this, you can use the method of connecting the crowns used in the construction of houses from timber - "thorn - groove", or connect them using metal corners. Or, as the easiest option, just put together large nails in the corners.

When the base for the platform is ready, you can immediately, so that it would be convenient to work in the future, make the floor. For this, edged boards with a thickness of at least 40 mm are used.

Note! With a large width of the porch area, the floor boards can sag. Therefore, if the distance between the edges of the board stop exceeds 100-120 cm, it is possible to install a beam in the middle from the same beam that is used in the base, or from a board 40-50 mm thick across the installed board.

Bowstrings are attached to the base of the porch platform at the required angle - the sidewalls of the stairs, on which steps are subsequently mounted. The lower edge of the bowstring is installed on a foundation prepared in advance of a small height, which can also serve as the basis for the first step from the bottom.

Bowstrings can have a different design - it all depends on the capabilities and desires of the developer himself. For example, a bowstring can be a beam 150 by 100 mm with grooves sawn at an angle for attaching steps. The bowstrings are usually nailed onto large nails to the base of the porch deck.

Note! The height of the porch platform with the floor should be made exactly under the threshold of the front door and match the level of the floor in the house. This must be taken into account at the stage of pouring the foundation.

When the bowstrings are nailed, the steps can also be nailed. By the way, for the installation of steps, the same rule applies as for the site - if the span is too large, that is, more than 120 cm, another bowstring can be installed in the middle.

Stage 4 - installation of a canopy and railings

So, when moving to this stage, the porch to the house made of wood with your own hands is almost ready. It remains to make only the roof and barriers on the site, that is, the railing.

This stage is carried out in several stages:

First you need to decide on the shape of the canopy for the porch and the roofing material. Next is the frame. As corner supports, you can take a square burs with a side of 10 cm, although boards with a thickness of at least 40 mm can also be used.
The supports must be installed strictly on a vertical level, and fixed at the bottom to the metal corners, or simply nailing them obliquely to the base to the porch platform, but also temporarily fixing them to the crossbars, nailing them to the wall of the house.
When all the supports are installed, it is necessary to fasten them along the upper edge with a frame. Again, light dry pine boards are suitable for this purpose. In this case, the thickness can be less - from 25 cm. This will be the basis for the canopy.
Further, depending on the design, rafters are attached to the base, with the other end necessarily connecting them to the house. A crate is made on the rafters, on which, in turn, a roof is laid.

Note! To prevent precipitation from accumulating on the roof of the porch, its angle must be at least 20 degrees.

So, the roof / canopy for the porch for a wooden house is ready. Next, you can make the railing. Their horizontal elements are simply attached in any convenient but reliable way to the supports for the canopy, and the vertical ones are fixed between them and the base for the porch platform.

The wooden porch for a private house is ready. It remains to be primed and painted. Artistic design must necessarily match the style of the interior of the house itself, so as not to create an architectural imbalance of the building.

With the right choice of a porch for a country house, you need to take into account the budget and desires and consider the finished photos. Our article will provide you with information about the types of porches, with all possible shapes, a variety of materials and examples of finishes.

To decide on the project of the porch, it is necessary to take into account not only the preferences of the owners of the house, but also its features. According to the designers, the style of the canopy and railing should match the style of the roof and balcony of the building. For example, for a building with a gable roof, the same canopy over the porch is suitable.

For forged balconies and window grilles, it is advisable to choose railings with the same forging patterns. At the same time, you should worry about the similar design of arches, columns and other decorative elements.

Types of house porch design

Open - the most common way to enter the house. An open porch is mounted with a railing, a visor, decorated with decor that can be transferred to the house in winter.
Closed - glass (transparent or translucent), polycarbonate, or a simple mosquito net can be used for wall design. It is comfortable to use the closed porch as an additional entrance hall, in such a room it is cozy and convenient to spend your holidays at any time of the year.
Hinged - the need for such a porch comes from the design of the landscape next to the building or the presence of a basement. Hanging decoration similar to a balcony.
The porch-terrace is decorated with an open area to relax in the fresh air.

The shape of the ledge of the porch is rectangular and round.

An important place in the design of the porch is the choice of materials. Today, concrete structures have become very popular. Their convenience lies in the fact that concrete is easy to paint, decorate with tiles, stone. Even the design of the porch is possible using wood, metal, stone and brick.

Note! Floors in a private house - the best options for flooring in a house (100 photo ideas)

A wooden porch is best suited to a wooden house. Moreover, wood is an environmentally friendly material and creates an extraordinary feeling of coziness and comfort. Such a solution has become popular not only among wooden houses, but also brick ones. They are installed on a base made of metal, concrete or wood.

What tree is the most suitable? Of course, pine - it is used in 80% of cases. This is a relatively cheap material that will serve you for many years. The main thing is reliable sealing, varnishing and painting. Although, as practice shows, when using several materials at once, the result is a stunning architectural composition.

Do-it-yourself porch to the house

Let's start with an example of installing a wooden porch. For its manufacture, first of all, it is necessary to have a design drawing. Using boards and other materials, all the details are made. An electric jigsaw will be needed to create leading supporting elements, stringers. But for the manufacture of complex design details, such as railings, it is better to seek help from a specialized workshop. There you can also ask for help from the development of a professional set of drawings, so that the dimensions of the house and additional requirements are taken into account.

It is necessary to start the assembly with the supporting parts. We must not forget about using the building level to check the horizontal position at each step of construction. Remember! In order for the porch to serve you for a long time and reliably, it is better to mount it together with the construction of the house.

Porch with canopy

Approaching any house, the first thing we notice is just a visor. And depending on the appearance, an impression is formed about the dwelling itself. Therefore, it is so important to pay attention to the design of this part of the house. What will he be like? It all depends on your financial capabilities and imagination.

The main function of the visor is a presentable appearance and protection of the entrance to the house from the gifts of the weather. Therefore, the first is the definition with the materials of manufacture. Then - the definition of the shape and design of the canopy. And the last - the implementation of the installation of the structure.

When choosing a roofing material, you should study the technical characteristics of all offers and stop at the most suitable option. Let's consider some of them:

Polycarbonate is the most popular material. The visor has a beautiful translucent appearance, resistant to temperature changes, flexible, shockproof, fireproof. The disadvantage is the poor transfer of UV radiation, so it should immediately be treated with a protective layer so that the canopy does not become cloudy and does not lose its appearance after a couple of years.
Metal is an inexpensive option, but it is much more difficult to work with it, since you need to use welding or fixing bolts. Such a visor will last a long time and reliably, if it is protected from corrosion and periodically care for the surface.
Metal tile - has an excellent appearance and will last an unlimited amount of time. It is lightweight, durable, low maintenance and easy to install. The metal tile will have an attractive appearance and look wonderful with any type of frame. Among the shortcomings - the lack of sound insulation and strong heating in the summer.
Decking - has the same advantages as a metal tile. The advantages include ease of use due to the large area of the sheets, affordability and ease of installation, as well as no need for additional painting, practicality and durability.

When choosing a design, it is important to consider the material of the roof, the parameters of the canopy and the side of the drain.

According to the installation method, it can be supporting (a heavy structure reinforced with wooden beams or metal pipes), suspended (it has a small size and is mounted on an outer wall).

By form:

flat - such a visor is mounted open and is made of any material;
gable - will save from rain, wind and blizzard, you can use different materials for construction;
three-pitched - made on a metal frame made of metal tiles or corrugated board, reliable and easily sheltered from blizzards and rain;
metal - made by forging. This version of the visor will be large, have a representative appearance, especially strong walls are needed for decoration;
polycarbonate - will protect from wind and dust, because of its flexibility, the visor can be easily shaped into an arch, tent or umbrella, which is why designers love to use it so much.

Whatever your decision about choosing a porch, always sensibly evaluate your options. Remember that it is better to order complex elements in a specialized company, and in order to perfectly perform individual work, additional training from professionals is necessary.

And do not forget about working drawings, materials, tools, a photo of a porch for a private house and fixtures that will be needed to plan future actions.

Photo of the porch of a private house

By definition, a porch is an external extension to a building through which people enter and exit a dwelling. A modern cottage or a house without a porch will look like unfinished buildings.

The purpose of the porch is not only aesthetic, it also performs practical functions. In winter, it protects the entrance to the house from drifting and performs additional thermal insulation functions. There are three main types - simplified, attached and built-in.

The design of the porch can be more original. For example, in recent years, you can often see a patio porch, the fashion for which came to us from Western Europe.

Such a porch is a kind of intermediate option between a classic platform and an open terrace. The video gives the most complete picture of how to build a porch with your own hands (see).

This novelty has become popular due to its undeniable advantages - simplicity of design and functionality. Building a porch of this design will not be a problem. If you have the necessary tools and materials at hand, you can start building.

Drawing of a wooden porch

Even a simple (typical) drawing, drawn by yourself, will help to avoid difficulties in its construction.

The drawing of the porch must contain the data:

porch appearance. It makes it possible to visualize the final view of the structure;
porch width - should be one and a half times wider than the doorway (you can calculate how wide the porch should be in this way: multiply 1.5 by the width of the door, this will be the minimum allowable width). This width will allow you to open the door while on the porch platform;
the width of the stairs to the porch (flight of stairs) - must be at least 700 mm. Otherwise, there will be difficulties in moving people and objects along the steps;
the location of the platform (flooring) of the porch. The floor of the porch should be 30-50 mm below the threshold (doorway). The porch platform lowered down will prevent the doors from blocking due to snow or raising the porch structure;
the angle of the porch;

Note. Professionals advise making the slope of the porch and steps 2-3 ° to avoid water accumulation. An alternative would be to install deck boards with a gap of 2-3 mm.

foundation. Types, depth of laying, characteristics of the soil under it;
the number and size of steps of the porch. The standard recommends adhering to the following dimensions of steps: height - 170-180 mm, step depth (tread) - 300-350 mm. It is desirable that the number of steps be odd. Such dimensions will make the movement on the steps comfortable;
the presence and place of installation of the fence (balusters and railings).

Note. In construction practice, there are no norms and rules governing the parameters of the porch. The recommendations concern only the parameters of the steps.

A drawing of a wooden porch, as a good example:

Scheme of a wooden porch

It is convenient to work when the scheme of the wooden porch is made on a large sheet of paper and is always in front of your eyes.

A good alternative would be a life-size cardboard template. A paper template is indispensable in the manufacture of a flight of stairs on a bowstring.

How to build a structure in stages

Materials needed for building

So, we build with our own hands.

For this you will need:

Pine lumber or pine log for the manufacture of floor beams and rafters (pine lumber 100 x 200 mm)
Boards for steps and landings, railings and side posts
Several boards for a canopy, (thickness 50 × 150 mm or 50 × 200 mm).

Foundation device

Like any other capital building, the porch needs a foundation. For the porch, the best option is a pile foundation. Its advantages are simplicity and low cost. In addition, you can build such a foundation with your own hands in a short time, without resorting to the help of specialists.

The second stage of work begins with a bowstring. In the case of making a patio porch, it is also necessary to additionally build two medium stringers.

The bowstring can be of two types - the choice is up to the owner of the house. A simpler and more affordable option is a bowstring with cut ledges. A slightly more complex option is a bowstring with embedded steps.

In order to prepare a bowstring, you will need the following tools and materials:

Thick board of the right size
Pattern in the form of a triangle

The procedure and rules for the manufacture of steps

So:

Tip: In order to better understand how to build a porch with your own hands, video tutorials will clearly show you the entire installation process. To do this, just go to the Internet and ask the search engine the appropriate question.

Installation of the platform (wooden floor of the porch)

This stage of building a wooden porch is simple, and can be performed even by a beginner who does not have experience in such work. Over time, the boards from which the flooring is made begin to dry out.

As a result, gaps are formed between the boards, which can be quite wide. Such flooring becomes unaesthetic and unsafe.

To avoid the appearance of large gaps as a result of the drying of the wood, it is necessary to lay the floor boards as close to each other as possible.

When the flooring is almost ready, and the stringers and bowstrings are securely fastened to the lags, the next step comes - the installation of risers and treads. The riser and treads are connected in the same way “thorn in the groove”, the bowstring from the risers are attached to each other in the same way.

The opinion that the elements can be fastened together with the help of self-tapping screws and nails alone is erroneous. Such a design will not have sufficient strength.

The construction of the porch with your own hands is over - everything is ready. Compliance with building codes and regulations ensures that the porch will be reliable and durable. However, it must be taken into account. What matters is not only the quality of joinery and carpentry.

The durability of any wooden structure, including a porch, largely depends on how well the wood was prepared and processed. Before starting work, it is advisable to make sure that the wood is properly dried. And in order to prevent rotting and pest infestation, wood must be treated with appropriate chemical compounds.

How to build a porch with your own hands: video.

Mistakes in the manufacture of a wooden porch

The most common mistakes when building a porch are:

The device of the attached staircase is too close to. In winter, the ground will freeze, and the ladder can rise several centimeters. As a result, the door will open with great difficulty or become jammed.
Another common mistake is the construction of a porch on an insufficiently deep foundation. It should also be borne in mind that if waterproofing is not done, moisture will sooner or later lead to swelling and damage to the wood.

Tip: The problems listed above can be avoided. To do this, you can make a threshold in the doorway. Also, to get rid of such difficulties, the installation of a ladder 15 centimeters below the level of the doorway.

But it must be taken into account that in both cases a step is formed, which may be unsafe. You can trip over it, so this design also has a drawback.

After the wooden porch is almost ready, you can think about decorative elements. If the porch has three steps or more, it is advisable to install a railing.

Optionally, you can make a canopy of wood or other materials (see), as well as other details to decorate the product and give it the appearance of a finished architectural element.

Coming to the dacha just for the sake of the garden is yesterday. The summer cottage has long been a favorite vacation spot. After all, it's so nice: take a steam bath in a warm bath, and then sit on a cozy porch, enjoying the beauties of the rural landscape.

Peculiarities

The porch can be built together with the country house or attached to it after the completion of construction work. But they must build it, because it leads to the interior, protecting them from snow in winter, and from dirt in the off-season.

The porch is constantly exposed to serious loads, so it must meet high strength requirements. As a rule, it becomes an organic addition to the house, making the whole structure unique.

The appearance of the porch also depends on your financial capabilities, the area of \u200b\u200bthe summer cottage, materials and, of course, on your wishes.

Kinds

By type, there are extensions of open and closed type. The former are equipped only with a fence and handrails, and the staircase has no more than three steps. This simple porch can be a capital or attached one, in order to remove it inside the room for the winter.

If the porch is protected from precipitation from above and from all sides, it is classified as a closed type. As a rule, it is a continuation of a glazed terrace or veranda. Such a porch expands the space, allowing you to place the necessary things. This is an ideal option for those who come to their summer cottage all year round.

Regardless of the type of porch, consider constructing a canopy or canopy to keep out the weather and bright sunlight. The first rests on pillars-supports, and the second - on brackets or protruding ceilings. To make the design reliable and durable, consider a few important tips:

The most durable options for canopies and visors are made of steel sheets or metal tiles. They will withstand strong hail, and layers of snow, and ice on the roof.
Polycarbonate designs are gaining popularity: they are light, durable, easy to clean. The transparency of this material is 88%, so bright sunlight turns into soft diffused lighting.

Pay attention to single and gable wooden structures: they are durable and especially relevant for a wooden house. But glass or plastic should not be taken: fragile material may simply not survive until the next season.
The slope of the canopies and canopies should be directed away from the steps so that rainwater or melted snow does not flow onto them.

materials

A house with a porch should look like a single whole. Therefore, it is important to choose materials so that they are in harmony with each other and organically fit into the overall design. Otherwise, the whole structure will look tasteless.

Metal, concrete, wood and brick are popular materials for building a do-it-yourself porch. Which one is suitable for your design, you will determine by considering their pros and cons. So, the metal porch is reliable and durable. Anti-corrosion varnish will protect the material from rust, so that the extension will retain an attractive appearance for a long time.

Often, she does not need to install a foundation, and it is realistic to assemble the porch herself within three days. A metal porch quickly heats up in the sun and freezes in the cold, so it is not suitable for closed options.

For the installation of a metal porch, there is the following instruction:

Pipe supports, corners and profiles are installed, the frame of the porch platform is made, then the bowstring is prepared from a channel or a metal corner. The latter is also used for the manufacture of steps.
The result is a frame to which the racks are welded, and to the resulting structure - the upper edge of the bowstring. The edged board is screwed to the corner, and the final chord is the application of anti-corrosion varnish, as well as protective or decorating paint.

Wood is an affordable, practical and durable material. It is easy to remake a building from it, and the woody structure will equally decorate the facade of a small house and a grandiose building. Wooden structures periodically require repairs with the replacement of individual elements. To prolong the life of your porch, treat it with a rodent repellent, paint or varnish. It is really possible to install a wooden structure yourself, and in order to please you with the result, take into account the following recommendations:

Prepare holes 50 cm deep in advance and install supports in them. Then make a platform for the porch, prepare bowstrings or braids.
Attach the steps with bolts and nuts, and only then proceed with the installation of the railing: first mount the balusters, and then attach the handrails to them. Installation of a wooden porch, as a rule, ends with the installation of a canopy.

Concrete structures are not afraid of either heat or frost. It's easy to do it yourself:

Reinforcement is installed on the wooden frame, and then a concrete mixture is made and poured into the formwork. Before adding a porch, it must first be connected to the foundation of the house.
If the house has already shrunk, drill holes in the foundation, installing metal pins in them to connect the house to the porch. If the house has just been built, before starting work, a gasket is installed between the foundation and the porch from boards wrapped with roofing material.
After installing the porch, the boards are removed, and the resulting gap is filled with mounting foam. Initially, the concrete porch does not look very aesthetically pleasing, but siding trim will correct the situation.

Bright, durable brick porches are still popular. Near a small house, such a porch will look cumbersome, but for a solid brick or stone building it will do just fine. To make the porch an organic addition to the house, heed the following recommendations:

The brick porch is mounted on a solid foundation, which is poured with concrete mortar. When the concrete dries, its surface is laid out with backing bricks. For waterproofing, a roofing material is laid between the porch and the wall of the house.
Then they start making steps: the backing brick is placed in the middle, and the front part is trimmed. After installing the steps, they begin to install the railing, the visor and finish the entire structure.

When choosing a material, give preference to ceramic bricks as the most durable and never use used material. After all, a constant load and weather conditions will lead to the destruction of the brick, and the whole structure will look very untidy.

How to build?

Any event requires a specific action plan, and the design of a country porch is no exception. First of all, you need to design the future structure. This can be done both on paper and in a special 3D program to look at the porch from all sides, evaluating its advantages and disadvantages.

Design the number and height of steps, the height of the railing and the frequency of balusters, the dimensions of the canopy or canopy and their shape. The project should reflect the size of the base of the site, the thickness of the side walls, as well as the presence of window and door openings.

There are rules and regulations that must be considered when building a porch:

The site is built at the level of the foundation, the width of the area in front of the front door is 1.3-1.7 meters, the width of the steps is 30-40 cm, the height is 15-20 cm. and during the hours of darkness.
The bottom of the visor or canopy is placed 25-30 cm above the front door, the minimum width of the passage is 70-80 cm. If the dimensions of the house allow, the passage can be increased to 1.4-1.6 meters. The minimum width of the passage is 70-80 cm, but if dimensions allow, the passage can be increased to 1.4-1.6 meters. If you are planning more than three steps, the porch should be equipped with a railing.
The width of the site is designed taking into account a single or double door, and if the base is concrete, they plan to waterproof the wooden walls. Steps and platforms are designed at a slight angle (2-3 degrees) to avoid the accumulation of rainwater and winter ice. The front door is made external, so the porch platform is set 5-7 cm lower.

After a detailed consideration of the project, proceed directly to the construction work. Mark the desired area by marking it with pegs driven in around the perimeter. Then you need to dig a pit, in dimensions equal to the depth of the main foundation.

The bottom of the pit is covered with crushed stone by about 5-10 cm, lightly tamped, and then proceed to the final stage: prepare a solution of cement, crushed stone, water and sand and fill the pit so that it is level with the ground, and then level the surface with a rail and a bubble level . Such a concrete pad is ideal for simple wooden and metal structures.

A columnar foundation is a simpler option when the stairs of a wooden porch rest on a concrete, monolithic or brick pillar driven into the ground.

If you plan to build a porch into a veranda, arrange a strip foundation.

To do this, a trench is dug around the perimeter of the veranda, the bottom is covered with sand and formwork is installed. After that, a support is made in the pit from wooden bars for reinforcement, which is installed in the formwork and poured with concrete. After a day, the formwork is removed, and after two or three weeks the veranda itself is mounted. Concrete or brick buildings are placed on a slab foundation. It is mounted similarly to a concrete pad, and the depth of the ditch is at least 50-70 cm.

Despite the fact that all the work with the foundation seems long and tedious, there are a number of nuances that cannot be ignored:

the foundation is not replaced with concrete slabs, as they can be damaged by heavy precipitation in the form of rain and snow;
without a foundation, your porch will not last long, because with the thawing of the soil in the spring it will either move or simply warp.

Upon completion of work with the foundation, choose any version of the porch to your taste and wallet and proceed with the installation of a new summer cottage. Installation of stair steps starts from the bottom up, attaching them to the beams with self-tapping screws or wooden pins. Carved wooden handrails and wrought iron railings are also suitable for fencing.

It remains to make a landing, which is equipped either with a dense flooring of boards with a slight slope, or boards are installed with a distance of 5 mm so that the moisture itself goes into the floor.

Since you have decided to make a new extension with your own hands, you probably want it to become not just another element of the dacha, but a beautiful addition to the entire site. Therefore, it is worth listening to the advice of professionals and deciding how to decorate your porch.

The gable canopy and chiselled railings, steps and porch platform, finished with tiles or stone, are fully consistent with the classical style. An elegant addition will be the backlight and pots with fresh flowers.

A wooden structure with a pronounced wood pattern is simply created for the country style, and clear lines and laconic forms are the most striking features of the European style.

The country porch will turn into a piece of paradise if you equip it as a Latin American or Mediterranean patio. Prefer corner solutions: they will protect the patio from the weather and allow you to move freely around the house. Curly clematis, ivy, lemongrass or parthenociss will decorate the walls, and put cypress tubs in the corners of the site.

Wicker furniture, wooden benches and picturesque pergolas will enhance the beauty and help in arranging the rural style. Bamboo decor, stone flooring and bonsai will take you to the country of warlike samurai. A modest wooden base with white elements and bright colors will create a Mediterranean atmosphere, while colorful mosaics will impress fans of the Moorish style.

If you want to build a porch to the house with your own hands, then we have great news for you - it is quite possible to do it yourself! What's more, you can even choose from several options available - concrete, wood, or metal porches! In this case, in the latter version, the design will be equipped with a beautiful polycarbonate canopy.

Let's take a closer look at each of the available options. First, let's get acquainted with the instructions for making a concrete porch to the house.

Option one. concrete porch

The strongest and most durable design, which also looks quite solid. First, decide on the size of the porch.

Stage number 1. How to calculate the dimensions of the porch

In most cases, the porch of the house is just a few steps. You are obliged to choose the optimal dimensions of this design. Ideally, the width of the stairs should be between 0.8 and 1 meter. If possible, you can make it even wider - so the whole porch will look more attractive and comfortable. Making the width smaller is highly discouraged.

As for the angle of inclination of the stairs, it should be in the range of 28-45 degrees. The table below shows the optimal dimensions of this design.

The width of all steps of the porch should be the same and be approximately 25 centimeters, while the optimal height is from 12 to 20 centimeters (it all depends on who exactly the porch is intended for).

Note! When arranging the upper platform, try to keep it below the front door by about 5 centimeters.

Stage number 2. How to make a porch foundation

First, dig a pit according to the dimensions of the future structure (at least half a meter deep). Build formwork around the perimeter.

Then take the crushed stone and fill it with the bottom of the resulting pit (the thickness of the layer should be about 20 centimeters). Thoroughly tamp the gravel, then pour sand on top of it in a 10-centimeter layer. It is advisable to pour sand with cold water to make it easier to compact it.

Cover the resulting area with roofing material. From above, lay a reinforcing mesh with cells of 100x100 millimeters, then fill everything with concrete mix. You can easily cook the latter with your own hands, for this, adhere to the following proportions:

one part of cement;
five pieces of rubble;
three parts of sand.

After pouring, level the surface of the concrete, pierce it in some places with a reinforcing bar to remove air. Now it remains only a few days to wait for the initial curing of concrete to occur.

Stage number 3. How to build a formwork for steps

To build the formwork for the steps, you will need thick plywood. At the same time, it is important that the height of such formwork is 20 centimeters greater than the height of the porch itself. The construction process itself is nothing complicated: cut out all the details of the formwork from plywood (according to the height of each of the steps), and then install them in the right places. To tighten the shields together, use metal plates, wooden bars, or any other suitable fasteners.

Note! The shields located on the sides must be reinforced without fail with additional stiffeners.

In addition, reinforce all the steps, and lay the reinforcement in such a way that it is located in all 3 planes at once. Alternatively, you can weld an iron frame, the shape of which matches the planned staircase, and build the formwork around it. This will be even more convenient. In other words, do what feels right for you.

Stage number 4. How to pour steps for the porch with your own hands

To begin with, lubricate, using oil, all the internal surfaces of the formwork. This is necessary so that later you can remove the structure without much effort. As for the pouring solution, prepare it in the same way as before.

Start pouring in stages, starting with the first step. After pouring each new step, take a short break so that it dries a little, and then proceed to pouring the next one. So your porch for the house with your own hands will turn out to be as strong and durable as possible. In the course of pouring, fasten additional formwork parts in front of each step. In this case, the height should be the same as that of the first step.

Note! The formwork surface that will be in contact with the mortar should be as smooth as possible.

After pouring, carefully level the concrete, then pierce it with reinforcing bars.

It is possible to dismantle the formwork no earlier than in a week, and even better in 10 days. At the end, finish the structure. For cladding, you can use tiles or natural stone, boards or, alternatively, any other finishing material (decide for yourself).

Installing railings is not necessary at all, do it at your discretion. If you still decide to install, then please note that the height of the handrails should be at least 0.9 meters. As an example, we give an option that is equally suitable for metal / wood structures. Install support posts made of metal pipes above and below the porch. In this case, the length should be such that the angle of inclination of the railing is similar to the inclination of the stairs. Connect the ends of the racks together with iron pipes, but of a smaller diameter. Use a welding machine to connect.

The top tube will serve as a handrail. To fill the space between the pipes, you can use absolutely any rental. When mounting the element, the gap can also be any - here everything will depend solely on your personal preferences.

Upon completion of installation, thoroughly clean all metal parts, cover them with two layers of primer mixture. Thanks to this treatment, the service life of the railing will increase markedly.

Video - Construction of a concrete porch to the house with your own hands

Option two. Do-it-yourself metal porch (with a polycarbonate roof)

Immediately make a reservation that the option described below is successfully combined with almost all types of private houses. The process consists of several stages, let's get acquainted with the features of each of them.

In this case, there are no fundamental differences from the foundation that we previously created for the concrete porch, the only exception is the fact that the support posts for the future canopy must be installed at this stage. We recommend installing supports in each of the corners of the structure - thanks to this, the structure will turn out to be more stable. If the dimensions of the porch are large enough, make several supports along its length in increments of 2 meters.

First, dig holes about 1.5 meters deep for supports (by the way, steel pipes can be used as the latter). Place each pipe in the appropriate hole, then fill it with concrete.

Note! Wooden bars can also serve as supports. The sequence of actions here is the same, only the lower parts of the bars should be pre-tarred or wrapped with roofing material, and also treated with an antiseptic.

Also install supports under the stairs. Also dig holes, place metal racks in them, and then fill them with concrete. It is unlikely that the length of the stairs will be too large, therefore, the supports above and below the structure will be enough. Although, for greater reliability, you can additionally put supports in the middle of the flight of stairs.

When pouring concrete, make sure that the ladder is somewhat recessed into it. Pour concrete not to the very top of the site - leave a small gap (within 10-30 centimeters, the specific figure depends on the current dimensions of the structure). Later, when the assembly of the metal structure is completed, you can fill the pit to the top.

Stage number 2. How to weld a ladder

To get started, take a couple of metal channels. Weld them to the supports that were installed and poured with concrete in the previous stage of work. Later steps will be welded to these channels. Take an iron corner (without fail equal-shelf), cut it according to the length of the steps, adding the width of the weld. After that, weld this corner along the contour.

Take the second segment of the corner, weld it in the same way, only to the attached corner. At the next stage, it is necessary to weld the second corner to the channel. As a result, you should get something like the following.

It turns out a kind of L-shaped product, you have to connect them together. For the upper connection, use an equal-shelf corner - weld it along the contour to both elements so that the shelves are placed inward. Perform the bottom connection using the same corner, however, the shelves should already “look” outwards.

To fill the steps of the stairs, which will decorate the future porch to the house with your own hands, you can use any materials - for example, plywood or wood. For fixing, use self-tapping screws, twisting them from below. And to further secure the wooden elements, use glue or, alternatively, silicone-based sealant.

In principle, further finishing can be done at your discretion. If you want, you can not close the horizontal openings at all - in this case, the casing will be mounted directly on the steps.

Stage number 3. How to make a canopy over the porch with your own hands

So, we installed the racks at the stage of pouring the base, so the further algorithm of actions should look something like this.

Take the cross supports and install them in accordance with the dimensions of the frame. If you like, your future canopy can be curved. To achieve this, cut the profile every 4 centimeters and bend it as needed. The advantage of canopies with a curved shape is that precipitation and various kinds of debris will slide freely from them.

Take polycarbonate, install it on the frame and fix it with self-tapping screws (we recommend using special thermal washers). The fastening step in this case should be 30 centimeters. Seal the edges with glue. Everything, the canopy can be considered ready!

Video - Do-it-yourself porch to the house from a profile pipe under polycarbonate

Option three. wooden porch

You can find a diagram of a porch made of wood below.

The work consists of several stages, we will get acquainted with the features of each of them.

Stage number 1. How to build a foundation

The best option in this case is a pile foundation. The fact is that such a base is extremely simple and quick to install, but its reliability is at a fairly high level.

First, dig holes where the piles will be located - not only in the corners of the future structure, but also along the length of its sides (the step should be from 0.8 to 1 meter). It will be great if you do this below the freezing level of the soil. After that, take the support bars and treat them with an antiseptic, and wrap the lower parts with roofing felt for waterproofing. After that, insert the bars into the holes. Align them vertically, and then fill with concrete mortar.

After the concrete has hardened well, you can proceed to the next step.

Stage number 2. How to mount lags

If necessary, trim the tops of the beams so that all supports are at the same level. It is worth noting that when calculating the height of the piles, it is necessary to act in such a way that, upon completion of the installation of the platform, a 5-centimeter height difference remains between the front door and it.

Stage number 3. How to make a bowstring (kosour)

Now start making the supporting part of the ladder structure. It is to this part that the steps will subsequently be attached. In other words, the kosour is, as it were, the side face of the steps.

To make a bowstring, you will need boards that are 50 millimeters thick. Take one of them, draw steps on it and cut them out with a saw or jigsaw. At the end, connect the stringer to the joists using a tenon-groove connection.

Stage number 4. How to arrange steps and platform

This is the last stage, after which the porch to the house with your own hands can be considered completely finished. First, attach the sheathing boards to the joists (you can either nail them or screw them). If you want, you can also lay some kind of finish on the boards (here, again, everything depends only on your personal preferences).

Attach treads and risers to the stringer, and you need to start working only from the bottom step. The sequence of actions is as follows: fix the riser, install a tread on top of it, and so on. Fasten using a thorn-groove connection or self-tapping screws.

As for the arrangement of the visor and railings, there are no special restrictions here. We have given step-by-step instructions for mounting these elements above. The algorithm of actions itself is the same, but instead of cladding elements and supports, you must use similar wooden parts (you can use any other material you like).

Video - Original do-it-yourself wooden porch

Common mistakes in the process of building a porch to the house

There are several mistakes that are made in the work most often. Let's get acquainted with them.

Mistake #1. The construction of the porch is carried out after the completion of the construction of the house itself. In such cases, the depth of the foundation is not significant, moreover, it is not associated with the foundation of the house. Consequently, the foundation is affected by groundwater, heaving of the soil, as well as a number of other factors leading to the fact that cracks appear between the porch and the house.
Mistake #2. Wooden support poles, which are used in the case of arranging a wooden porch, are not treated with antiseptic preparations. The result of such an error is obvious - after some time, the structure has to be rebuilt.
Mistake #3. The height of the platform is the same as the height of the entrance to the house. In winter, when the soil rises, the height of the porch increases, which can cause jamming of the front door.
Mistake #4. There is no vapor barrier or it is of poor quality. As a result, moisture will seep through the structure and reach the cladding, which does not allow steam to pass through. Further, this steam will turn into water and simply remain under this material. With the onset of cold weather, moisture will begin to expand, which will lead to a breakdown of the finish.

Do-it-yourself porch made of stone or brick

We left this option to the very end, since it is perhaps the most difficult and time-consuming, so not everyone is able to do everything with their own hands. And it is not surprising, because building a foundation out of bricks, where there is no particular need for accuracy, is one thing, but laying it out perfectly evenly is quite another.

It's no secret that professional masons are engaged in laying bricks only if there are several helpers, whose job is to prepare the cement mortar and supply it in a timely manner. As for the stone, things are somewhat more difficult for them, because uneven edges are extremely reluctant to fit together. In a word, if you do not have experience and a couple of assistants, then it is better to immediately forget about the porch made of stone or brick, otherwise you will simply waste your time and money.

It is much easier to build a concrete staircase, and then choose a facing stone or tile for steps, the size of which is as close to natural as possible. After that, you can easily overlay the entire structure. Among other things, this method is attractive in that even if you make some mistake, then you will be able to chip off the desired piece of cladding without any problems and repeat the finish.

How about a canopy over the porch?

If we talk about the visor, then it will serve not only to protect the porch and the staircase itself from rain or snow, but also as a decorative element in the design of the structure. On the net you can find a lot of different options for a visor, in addition, there are photographs in print media specializing in suburban construction.

Note! In most cases, visors are made from a frame - metal or softwood - and polycarbonate / plexiglass as a sheathing material.

Tellingly, visors made of wood must be tinted every few years or, alternatively, coated with special compounds, otherwise the wood will dry out and begin to crack along the fibers. The thickness of the polycarbonate used here should be 7 millimeters, and it is recommended that the material be laid in spans of a maximum of 0.7 square meters. You should not use glass for this, because in winter it may not withstand the mass of snow cover and simply crack (another reason for this may be the deformation of the wood).

Note! The visor should have a larger area than the entire porch to the house with your own hands, by about 50 centimeters. Otherwise, the performance of the main function - protective - can be forgotten.

In the instructions for pouring the base, we already mentioned that it is preferable to install support pillars under the visor even during the formation of the foundation. It is better to install your visor on such supports. In addition, this option will allow in the future (if such a need arises) to equip a closed glazed veranda in just two to three hours.

As for the coating, they can serve as sheet metal, on top of which a beautiful tile is laid, but it is still better to use polycarbonate or plexiglass, which we just mentioned.

Note! To protect the metal that covers the visor from corrosion, paint it with two or three coats of a suitable paint.

It is also important that the visor turned out to be pitched, and on it there was a metal chute installed at a slight slope. We also recommend attaching a chain almost to the ground to the end of this gutter so that water does not splash around when it rains. And in this case, it will smoothly flow down the chain. To avoid the appearance of puddles near the porch, you can equip drainage at the drain point.

Glazed porch - is it possible?

Such a solution as a closed porch has become increasingly popular in recent years. Transparent glass structures look extremely attractive, which is why many are eager to build something similar near their home.

What is a glazed porch? In fact, this is a simple foundation made of stone or concrete with a ladder and a canopy (the latter must be on piles). By means of corners, the length of which corresponds to the height of the piles, a frame is created.

Note! Sheets can be of any height, while the width must be a maximum of 1.2 meters. If the sheet is wider, then its windage will be so strong that the wind, which has a speed of 30 meters per second, will easily break 5 mm glass.

If the distance between the piles is more than 1 meter, then it is better to break them with pseudo-piles. Similarly, you can divide the height using a pair of double corners for this. Thanks to this, you will reduce the load on the sheets of glass, and the porch to the house with your own hands will still be light and transparent.

As you can see, no specific skills or knowledge are required for self-construction of a porch, since even the most complex options can be handled with your own hands. Each of the described operations is basic for the construction industry, and a person with skillful hands will perform them without problems.

That's all, good luck with your work and warm winters! And for a more detailed acquaintance with the issue, we recommend that you watch the thematic video below.

Video - We make a porch with our own hands

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