Heat-insulating plaster for outdoor use all manufacturers. Warm plaster for interior work: review, specifications, reviews. The technology of wall insulation with warm plaster from the inside

To give the building additional thermal insulation, warm plaster is used - a material based on cement and composite materials: expanded vermiculite, perlite sand, pumice powder, polystyrene foam, etc. Depending on the type of such fillers, it can be used both for exterior and interior decoration.

Purpose

Although the thermal insulation properties of this material are higher than those of conventional plaster, it cannot replace the full insulation of the house with mineral wool or polystyrene foam, but it will be a good addition.

• facade insulation;
• heat and sound insulating material for interior and exterior walls;
• insulation of balconies, verandas, slopes of doors and windows, stairwells, etc.;
• sealing joints of floors, cracks and cracks;
• heat insulator for well masonry;
• material for finishing work in the premises;
• insulation of water supply pipes;
• thermal insulation of floors and ceilings.

How much more effective is such a coating retains heat? Let's compare the main indicators - thermal conductivity coefficients: for a simple cement-sand plaster, it is 0.93 W / m ° С. And the cement-polystyrene foam (Knauf Grunband) already has 0.35 W / m ° C, which is almost three times lower! In gypsum plaster with filler, the thermal conductivity will be even lower, about 0.25 W / m ° C.

Types of thermal insulation solutions

The main difference between warm plaster and ordinary plaster is the replacement of sand in the mixture with more voluminous heat-insulating components. Such mixtures may differ not only in composition, but also in application methods and technical and operational characteristics. We list the main types of such fillers:

The thermal insulation properties of this material will largely depend on the correctness of the work and compliance with the proportions during mixing. Subject to all conditions, you can get not only insulated walls, but also additional sound insulation. In general, plastering with these mixtures does not differ from the usual one, so no special skills are required from the master.

Warm plaster for interior work is a very unusual and new building and finishing material for many, which has appeared relatively recently on the domestic market. Accordingly, it is quite natural to consider the question of what kind of building mixtures - warm plasters - and how to use them.

Composition of warm plaster

Warm plaster for interior work is a dry mix based on ordinary cement. The difference from the classic solution is the absence of sand in the composition. It can be replaced by any other components:

• Perlite sand.
• Expanded clay crumb.
• Powder derived from pumice.
• Styrofoam granules and other materials.

Varieties of warm plaster

There are several varieties of warm plaster. Building mixtures differ in composition, scope, application method and technical and operational characteristics.

The following three are among the most popular.

Warm plaster with expanded vermiculite

Expanded vermiculite is a light mineral aggregate obtained by heat treatment of vermiculite rock. Warm plaster with the addition of such a component is used mainly for outdoor work. Despite this, it can also be used for interior decoration - it is a universal building material. Among the advantages of vermiculite warm plaster are excellent antiseptic properties.

sawdust plaster

Warm plaster for interior work, which is especially popular and not intended for exterior decoration - the so-called sawdust mixture. It consists of sawdust, particles of cement, clay and often paper. Actually, it is for this reason that it is not used for outdoor work.

This mixture is ideal for application to wood and brick surfaces. The applied layers of plaster should dry out only if the room is well ventilated. Complete drying takes about two weeks. In a closed room, fungus and mold can develop on the surface of the plaster.

Styrofoam granules plaster

Another good type of plaster is a mixture with the addition. Its composition, in addition, includes cement, lime, various additives and aggregates. It is mainly used for exterior finishing work, but it can also be used for interior.

Styrofoam granular plaster is the most common, unlike the other two types.

Scope of warm plaster

To date, dry mixes of this type are used in the following areas:

• Building decoration and thermal insulation.
• Additional insulation and sound insulation of external and internal walls of buildings.
• When using well masonry - wall insulation.
• Insulation of sewer drains, risers of hot and cold water supply.
• Insulation of window blocks and slopes in places where they fit to the walls.
• As a heat-insulating and sound-proofing material for interior finishing work.
• Experts advise using warm plaster as a material for insulating floors and ceilings.

Benefits of warm plaster

• Quick application of plaster - in a day of work, you can cover a surface of 110-170 square meters. m.
• Does not require the use of reinforcing mesh.
• There is no need to level the walls if warm plaster is used for interior work.
• The mixture has excellent adhesion to all types of surfaces.
• There is no risk of occurrence because there are no metallic bonds.

Flaws

• The mixture does not belong to the category of finishing coatings and requires the application of not only a primer, but also a layer of decorative plaster.
• Unlike wool or polystyrene, the thickness of insulation with a warm composition is several times greater.
• Plaster is not quite economically consumed - the price for it, by the way, is not so low.

Where should you use warm plaster?

Based on all the pros and cons of this dry mix, it is best to use it in the following works:

• Sealing of joints and cracks in ceilings and walls of buildings.
• For internal work in case of additional insulation, for example, when it is impossible to carry out insulation procedures outside the building, a cladding is installed, which will deteriorate during disassembly.
• Window trim.
• Basement insulation.

Technology for applying warm plaster

The base before applying this type of dry mix is ​​prepared in the same way as before applying conventional cement-based plaster. Remains of other materials, dust and dirt are carefully removed. If necessary, the surface can be treated with special compounds or a primer in order to strengthen and improve adhesion.

An important requirement is that before starting work on applying plaster, the base must be thoroughly moistened with water.

Sequencing:

1. The dry mixture is poured into a container prepared in advance with a volume of at least 50 liters.
2. Clean water is added in the amount indicated on the plaster package.
3. With the help of a construction mixer, the mass is mixed.
4. The life of the finished mixture is 120 minutes.

It is very simple to check the consistency of the resulting mixture - a small amount of the solution is collected on a trowel, after which the tool is turned over. A well-mixed mixture should not fall off it. Finished plaster can be applied both manually and by machine.

• Warm plaster is applied to the base surface with special construction tools in several layers, and the layer thickness should not exceed 2 cm.
• Each subsequent layer is applied 4 hours after the previous one.
• The drying time of each layer may vary depending on the level of humidity in the air.
• Warm plaster is applied with movements from the bottom up.
• Checking the applied layer is carried out three to four weeks after all work has been completed.
• The full curing of the plaster occurs within one to two months.

Mistakes when applying warm plaster

During interior finishing work using warm plaster, certain mistakes can often be made, especially if they are not handled by specialists. As a result of this, delaminations, cracks may appear or the geometry of the entire room may change due to a too thick applied layer.

The quality is checked quite simply: for this, a rule-rake is applied to the surface. In the presence of gaps between the tool and the wall, there are violations of the geometry.

When applying plaster, the most important thing is to avoid deviations from the vertical or horizontal by more than 3 mm.

Dry mix consumption

Plaster is consumed (the price for it varies between 200-900 rubles per package), depending on the thickness of the layer: about 10-15 kilograms are spent per square meter of the base.

If the work is done by specialists, you will have to pay about $ 15 for their services, not counting the cost of the materials and tools themselves.

Plaster layer thickness

Depending on the thickness of the walls, the material from which they are made, and the climatic zone in which the building is located, the size of the layer of the finishing composition also varies. According to standard calculations, 51 cm can be insulated by applying a layer of plaster of 8-10 cm on it. Of course, such a consumption of the mixture is simply huge and irrational, so it is best to use it as an additional material. Unlike classic bricks, aerated concrete or ceramic blocks require a much smaller layer of plaster.

The standard material thickness recommended by manufacturers is from 2 to 5 cm. Calculating the required amount of the mixture is quite simple, in addition, it is supplied in separate packages weighing 7-10 kilograms. The standard amount of plaster is usually enough to apply a layer of 2-2.5 cm per square meter of surface.

Plaster "Knauf"

Dry mix "Knauf" is a very expensive finishing material with good heat-insulating and water-repellent properties. Safe insulation, easy to apply on the prepared base. Its advantages include vapor permeability, weather resistance, absolute environmental friendliness and additional surface insulation.

Plaster "Knauf" - the best option for interior finishing work.

The choice of insulation for interior wall decoration is a task that today has many solutions. At the same time, many people prefer well-known materials, such as foam or mineral wool.

However, there is a less traditional way of warming, which has not yet gained particular popularity due to high cost of composition. We are talking about a material called "warm plaster", the features of which will be presented for consideration in this article.

What is this material?

Heat-insulating plaster - a combined material that combines ordinary rough plaster and insulating components.

Mineral additives contained in the mixture, give the solution heat-insulating properties. Warm plaster contains the following types of fillers:

• porous (polystyrene foam granules, perlite, foamed glass, etc.);
• binders (cement, gypsum, lime);
• polymeric materials - plasticizers.

Heat-insulating plaster - highly porous material due to which it is sometimes called "draining".

Varieties

Depending on the filler, which gives the composition thermal insulation qualities, warm plaster divided into several types, each of which has its own characteristics.

with perlite

Perlite is a material based on expanded perlite sand. It is one of the varieties of volcanic glass and has a pearl-like texture, but contains more than 1% water in its composition.

The feature of the material is ability to increase (5-20 times) and swelling (10-12 times) as a result of heat treatment. Perlite plaster is used for finishing the facade and interior walls, both in industrial and residential premises.

Advantages of perlite mixture:

• high heat and sound insulation properties;
• high-quality adhesion when applied to various mineral surfaces;
• plaster is fireproof and gives additional fire resistance to the treated surface;
• has good vapor permeability;
• environmentally friendly and harmless to health;
• differs in plasticity and convenience in work.

The downside is high gyroscopicity, that is, the ability to absorb moisture four times its weight, which is why the surface needs to be finished.

Applying warm plaster for interior work with your own hands

Walls need to be prepared cleaning them from dust and dirt and removing the old coating (wallpaper, tiles, paint, etc.).

For better adhesion the surface can be impregnated with a primer deep penetration. The honeycomb structure, as well as the presence of reinforcing fibers in the composition, give warm plaster resistance to cracking, so that the surface to be finished does not need to install a reinforcing mesh.

Before applying the composition walls should be thoroughly moistened warm water for high-quality coupling of the solution with the surface.

Next you need knead the solution with an electric drill and mixer, following the instructions on the package. You can check the readiness of the composition by typing the mixture on a spatula and turning it over. If the solution does not fall, then it is ready for application.

The application process itself is the same as finishing with conventional cement mortar. Beacons are installed on the wall, between which they throw the mixture and align it with the rule. The thickness of the layer, as a rule, is no more than 5 cm.

For applying the final leveling layer a more liquid solution should be used, which is smoothed with a plastic float, thereby eliminating minor defects, pits and irregularities. After 48 hours, the plastered surface can be veneered.

Applying warm plaster: video instruction.

Warm or heat-insulating plaster on the domestic market is a relatively new product, although the world experience of its use has decades. This is a dry building mix, which, along with cement and glue, contains granules of a porous material with low thermal conductivity. Today you can buy material for interior work, exterior or universal. Depending on the direction of use, it includes components with different properties.

Mixtures containing fillers such as vermiculite, expanded polystyrene, perlite sand, pumice, expanded clay are suitable for facade insulation. The addition of sawdust, paper, clay to some extent reduces the cost and improves its environmental performance, however, the scope is limited to internal work. Cement is usually used as a binder for exterior finishes, and lime and gypsum compounds are used for interior finishes.

Technical indicators

The characteristics that plaster for interior and exterior work must comply with are as follows:

• specific gravity - from 200 to 350 kg / m3;
• thermal conductivity of the material - 0.065 W / m;
• water absorption - less than 0.16 kg / m2 h;
• flammability - category G1.

Compared to a synthetic material (such as extruded polystyrene foam), the thermal conductivity of the solution is approximately twice as high. Therefore, it is not enough to insulate most brick and panel buildings. The compositions can be well used in combination with other types of thermal insulation, performing a combined protective and decorative function.

A common type of warm plaster, which can be bought in building supermarkets, is a cement mixture with an aggregate of expanded polystyrene granules. The material is universal and suitable for the following purposes:

• finishing and thermal insulation of facades (if blocks of cellular concrete are used for the construction of walls);
• additional insulation of external walls (inside and outside);
• sound insulation of facades and interior partitions;
• insulation of floors, coatings and ceilings in buildings;
• insulation of pipelines;
• internal work.

Exterior finish

When insulating facades with warm plaster, the following requirements are imposed on it:

1. strength;

2. resistance to low temperatures;

3. number of seasonal cycles - 30 or more;

4. low specific gravity (to reduce the load on the foundation);

5. resistance to atmospheric precipitation;

6. biological inertness;

7. beautiful appearance, the ability to use as a top coat;

8. fire safety.

In comparison with slab insulation, facade plaster does not consist of individual elements, which is good in terms of performance. The absence of metal fasteners eliminates the appearance of condensate (which is formed due to cold bridges). According to reviews, the mortar laying technology does not differ from ordinary plaster. All work can be done by hand or by machine. The second method is characterized by a lower price when plastering large surfaces.

When performing work, it is not necessary to pre-level the base, since the heat-insulating mortar itself fills all the cracks in the walls. It can be applied at various angles, on complex and inclined planes, in hard-to-reach places and cramped conditions. Facade plaster is used for repair and restoration work. The content of lime in the mixture prevents the appearance of fungus and mold on the plastered surface. The service life of the coating declared by the manufacturers is 10-15 years.

Features of interior decoration

Warm plaster can be used to improve the thermal performance of buildings by applying it to interior walls. In most cases, the binder is cement. Sometimes its combinations with lime, gypsum and clay are allowed. Due to the lack of exposure to atmospheric precipitation, the range of porous fillers used is significantly expanding. The main requirements for the material for interior work are as follows:

• ecological and sanitary-hygienic safety;
• absence of toxic and radioactive emissions;
• incombustibility;
• non-susceptibility to biological effects;
• sophistication;
• care practicality.

The positive properties include ease and high speed of application. Warm plaster can be made independently. To do this, sawdust, granular cardboard or crushed pumice are added to the cement mortar. Self-preparation of a warming mixture allows you to achieve significant savings in interior decoration.

According to their dispersed composition, the solutions are divided into starting and finishing. The former can be laid with a more powerful layer, but they do not form a smooth surface. For finishing, options based on finely dispersed fillers are used. Depending on the specific gravity of the material, it is applied with or without plaster mesh. These features are always indicated in the technical description on the packaging.

Work performance technology

The key to high-quality and durable internal or facade plaster is the correct preparation of the rough surface of the wall. It is necessary to clean from dirt and old finishes (if any). The next step is to apply a primer. This material enhances the adhesive characteristics of the base, which helps to create a strong contact with the plaster being laid.

The preparation of the solution must be carried out, guided by the instructions for working with a dry mixture. As a rule, the plaster composition is closed with water, thoroughly mixed and infused for several minutes. The volume of portions of the material should be calculated from the condition of consumption within two hours. The solution should look like a thick paste.

For laying warm plaster, a standard set of tools is used: a trowel, a spatula, a trowel. When applying several layers, each must be allowed to dry for 4 hours. The maximum thickness (at one time) depends on the characteristics, but usually does not exceed 5 cm. The top layer is cleaned with a grater. At the end of the work, the following parameters are subject to control:

• the presence of visible detachments;
• the quality of the adhesion of the plaster to the base in hard-to-reach places (window sills, corners, joints, and so on);
• the geometric characteristics of the walls are checked using a plumb line and a long rule. Significant deviations from the vertical, horizontal, as well as protruding parts on the surface should not be.

Brands and cost

Popular manufacturers of plasters for insulation are Teplon, Varmiks Mishka, Umka, Knauf. Each of them has several varieties for their respective applications. In order to determine which one is best suited for a particular case, it is necessary to take into account the possible operating conditions of the coating. Estimated cost is shown in the table.

The construction of a warm and comfortable country house requires the solution of often very complex and contradictory tasks. For example, to get savings on materials and, at the same time, not to increase your costs in the future when operating the house, to make the house warm and comfortable. Help in solving such a problem can provide warm plaster.

A somewhat unusual name accurately reflects the purpose of the material. At its core, it is a building mixture with thermal insulation properties. It acquires them through the use of materials with low thermal conductivity. The composition of warm plaster is usually as follows:

• porous filler - expanded polystyrene granules, perlite sand, foam glass (expanded glass), etc.;
• a binder mixture, which is usually cement, lime, gypsum and mixtures thereof;
• polymer additives - plasticizers, water-repellent, air-releasing, etc.

Familiarization with the composition of warm plaster allows you to understand what its good thermal insulation properties are based on. This is due to the presence of a porous filler, literally stuffed with numerous air bubbles. And he, as you know, is a good heat insulator. So it turns out that after applying warm plaster to the wall, it turns out to be protected by an additional layer of heat insulator.

Properties of thermal insulation plaster

The advantages that warm plaster has are not limited to thermal insulation. The very composition of the mixture suggests what possibilities this material holds.

1. Fire safety. Warm plaster with mineral filler (perlite, vermiculite, foam glass) is not combustible at all and belongs to the NG class according to the classification system. The exception is heat-insulating plaster based on expanded polystyrene foam, it is combustible and belongs to group G1.
2. Ecological purity. Traditional heaters (mineral wool, polystyrene) emit harmful substances, which does not happen with warm plaster.
3. Multifunctionality. In addition to the heat-insulating coating, warm plaster can serve as a material for decorative finishing and be used as a topcoat. At the same time, it can be used to level surfaces.
4. thermal insulation characteristics. It should be noted that heat-insulating plaster is not inferior to traditional materials in its properties. A layer of such plaster 5 cm thick is equivalent to laying two bricks or two to four centimeters of polystyrene foam.
5. Physical characteristics. Heat-insulating plaster is much lighter than traditional plaster and during installation it practically does not have an additional effect on the foundation and walls. In addition, it has high adhesion to all wall materials.
6. Practical application of warm plaster- it is easy to work with it and it does not require special qualifications.

About fillers

In many ways, the properties of heat-insulating plaster are determined by the type of filler. As a filler can be:

1. Sawdust. When using them, the cheapest, but least effective type of warm plaster is obtained.
2. Styrofoam. Expanded polystyrene has good sound and heat insulation characteristics, has good adhesion. But it is a combustible material and at the same time it releases toxic substances.
3. Perlite is a material obtained from volcanic glass (obsidian) heated to 1100°C. At this temperature, obsidian begins to swell, becomes porous, a large number of air bubbles form in it, as a result of which the material acquires thermal insulation properties. Thanks to them, it finds application in various materials as an additive that provides these characteristics. One of the options for using it is called - perlite plaster.
   The disadvantage of perlite is its high hygroscopicity, which requires the use of additional materials to protect it during finishing.
4. Vermiculite. A mineral belonging to the mica group (the so-called intumescent mica). Materials based on it are able to withstand temperatures from minus 260 to plus 1200 degrees Celsius. When fired, it significantly increases in volume (up to 50 times), resulting in scaly particles. By its properties, vermiculite is similar to perlite, absolutely non-flammable and non-toxic.
   The disadvantages of the mixture, in which vermiculite is used as a filler, are the same as for perlite plaster - high hygroscopicity, which requires additional costs for protection.
5. Foam glass. This is foamed quartz sand, the structure of which includes closed glass cells. Foam glass is a waterproof and refractory material, very durable and does not shrink, does not need additional protection. However, heat-insulating plaster based on it is inferior in its characteristics to materials using perlite and vermiculite.

About application and protection

Warm plaster is used for interior and exterior. As already mentioned, due to the porosity of the filler, air bubbles act as a kind of insulation. Moreover, warm plaster is usually used as an additional element of thermal protection, and allows you to save on heating in winter and air conditioning in summer.

We are talking about the fact that insulating plaster will be applied in addition to the protection laid down during the design of the building. It is irrational to use it as the main defense. According to calculations, with a brick wall thickness of 51 cm, the insulating plaster should have a thickness of ten centimeters, with a smaller wall thickness, the thickness of the layer of heat-insulating material should be even greater.

However, when using modern building materials (porcelain blocks, foam concrete), it is quite possible to reduce the required thickness of the plaster, since these materials, unlike bricks, themselves have good heat-shielding characteristics. However, even in this case, warm plaster will be useful precisely as an additional protection, increasing the overall thermal resistance of the building.

Options for obtaining heat-insulating plaster

For interior decoration, such material is convenient to use in places with a complex configuration, as well as to increase overall thermal protection. By the way, a mixture for additional thermal protection can be made independently. Warm plaster with your own hands can be obtained in the following way:

• it is necessary to mix three parts of sawdust and one part of cement;
• then add paper pulp two parts;
• add water;
• the resulting mixture must be mixed to the state of a normal solution.

If it is to be applied to wooden surfaces, then it is necessary to fill the shingles, otherwise the material will not stick to the surface. A brick or concrete base must be pre-moistened before applying plaster to it.

The warm plaster obtained in this way, the reviews of which are very positive for those who have used the described method of obtaining, resembles cardboard in appearance. Its heat resistance is four times higher than conventional plaster

Another way to make warm plaster with your own hands is different from the one outlined, and gives a versatile material suitable for indoor and outdoor use. For this are used:

• cement, 1 part;
• vermiculite or perlite, 4 parts;
• plasticizer;
• water.

All components are commercially available, PVA glue can serve as a plasticizer, fifty to sixty grams per bucket of cement. Everything is prepared very simply. First, PVA glue is diluted in water, then it is necessary to mix dry cement with filler and add water with a plasticizer, achieving a thick but plastic mass.

After the mixture is ready, let it stand for 15 minutes, mix again and you can start working. Such heat-insulating plaster, the reviews of which those who used it are commendable, is successfully used in various versions for interior and exterior decoration.

industrial materials

However, in addition to the possibilities of self-production, you can use the finished product. The industry successfully produces various grades of such material, for example, Knauf Grunband heat-insulating plaster. It is a plaster mixture (dry) intended for all types of work, based on sand, cement, filler in the form of expanded polystyrene (granules) and hydrophobic additives and has water-repellent and heat-insulating properties.

Another option would be Houncliff Insulating Plaster. It consists of a composite filler (produced by the manufacturer), basalt fiberglass, sand, cement, polymer binders.

Applying hot plaster

The mixture, such as warm Knauf plaster, must be diluted before application. Dilute the entire volume (bag), observing the dosage and mixing time indicated in the instructions. As a result, a plastic, lump-free mixture should be obtained. She is ready to go within a few hours.

The surface must be cleaned of dirt and dust before applying the material on it, it is possible to plaster at a temperature not lower than plus 5°C. Apply the finished mixture with a spatula and level (rub) with a grater or rule.

The thickness of the layer is not recommended to be made more than 2.5 centimeters, if you want to get a greater thickness, then you need to sequentially make several layers. The surface can be painted after two or three days. After 28 days, the layer acquires maximum strength, and the heat-insulating ability reaches its maximum value after 60 days after drying.