Where to ventilate the room. Features of ventilation of multi-storey buildings: arrangement of exhaust and supply ventilation in the apartment. Natural ventilation system in a private house - features and disadvantages

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How to make sure that the house was fresh, warm and dry, without drafts and dust?

In private homes, a natural ventilation system has become widespread, in which the movement of air is due to the difference in air temperatures in the room and on the street. The popularity of natural ventilation is due to the simplicity of the design of the system and its low cost.

As a rule, simple and cheap is not the most effective and profitable. In countries where people care more about their health and consider the cost of maintaining housing, in private homes, various forced ventilation systems have become widespread.

In private houses, the following forced ventilation systems:

• forced exhaust ventilation when the removal of air from the premises of the house is forced, and the flow of air from the street occurs naturally, through the supply valves.
• forced supply and exhaust ventilation, in which both the inflow and removal of air into the premises of the house is performed forcibly.

Forced ventilation can be local (distributed) or centralized. AT local forced ventilation system electric fans are installed in every room of the house, where necessary. AT centralized forced ventilation system fans are located in one ventilation unit, which is connected by pipes to the premises of the house.

Natural ventilation system in a private house - features and disadvantages

The natural ventilation system in a private house consists of vertical channels that start in a ventilated room and end above the roof ridge.

The movement of air up the channels occurs under the action of forces (traction) caused by the difference in air temperatures at the inlet and outlet of the channel. Warm indoor air is lighter than cold outdoor air.

The draft in the ventilation duct is also affected by the wind, which can either increase or decrease the draft. The traction force also depends on other factors: the height and section of the ventilation duct, the presence of turns and narrowings, the thermal insulation of the duct, etc.

Scheme of ventilation of premises in a multi-storey private house

According to building regulations, the natural ventilation channel must provide normative air exchange at an outside air temperature of +5 about C , excluding wind effects.

In summer, when the air temperature in the street is higher than the specified one, the air exchange deteriorates. Air circulation through the channels of natural ventilation almost completely stops when the outside temperature is above +15 about C.

In winter, the colder it is outside, the stronger the draft and the higher. Heat loss in winter through the natural ventilation system, according to some estimates, can reach 40% of all heat loss at home.

In houses, natural ventilation ducts usually exit from the kitchen, bathrooms, boiler room and dressing rooms. Additional channels are arranged for ventilation of the basement or, for the device.

On the upper floors of a private house it is also often necessary to arrange additional channels of natural ventilation from living rooms in order to ensure the air exchange required by the standards.

In attic rooms natural ventilation, as a rule, cannot provide the required air exchange due to a lack of draft in ventilation ducts of low height.

Norms of natural ventilation

Russian building regulations SP 55.13330.2011 "Single-apartment residential houses", clause 8.4. require:

The minimum performance of the ventilation system at home in maintenance mode should be determined from the calculation at least one exchange of air volume per hour in premises with permanent residence of people.

From the kitchen in maintenance mode, at least 60 m 3 of air per hour should be removed, from the bath, lavatory - 25 m 3 of air per hour.

The air exchange rate in other rooms, as well as in all ventilated rooms in non-operating mode, should be at least 0.2 room volume per hour.

A room with a permanent stay of people is a room in which the stay of people is provided for at least 2 hours continuously or 6 hours in total during the day.

For comparison, I will give the requirements for ventilation performance in an apartment building, at least:

The amount of air exchange specified in the norms must be ensured for the design conditions: outdoor air temperature +5 about C, and the temperature of the indoor air of the room during the cold season, (for residential premises +22 about C) .

The intake of outside air into the premises should be provided through special supply devices in the outer walls or windows.

For apartments and premises, where at an outdoor temperature of +5 °C removal of the rated air flow is not ensured, mechanical exhaust ventilation should be provided.

Mechanical ventilation with partial use of natural ventilation systems for the supply or removal of air (mixed ventilation) should also be provided during periods of the year when microclimate parameters and air quality cannot be provided by natural ventilation.

For example, when the outside temperature is above +5 o C, the performance of natural ventilation ducts is reduced. In this case, it is allowed to increase air exchange in rooms with windows by opening windows, vents and transoms. In rooms without windows, mechanical forced exhaust ventilation should be provided.

The natural ventilation system in a private house works as follows

In old houses, apartments, fresh air from the street penetrates into living rooms through leaks in wooden windows, then through the overflow holes in the doors(usually a gap between the edge of the door and the floor) reaches the kitchen and bathrooms and exits into the natural ventilation channel.

The main purpose of such ventilation is the removal of gas combustion products, moisture and odors from the kitchen and bathrooms. Living rooms in such a system are not sufficiently ventilated. In the rooms for ventilation it is necessary to open the windows.

In the case of using modern hermetic window structures in the house, for the inflow of fresh air, it is necessary to install special supply valves in the outer walls of the rooms or in the windows.

Often, supply valves are not made even in new houses. For air supply having to keep the window sashes open all the time, at best, by installing “micro-ventilation” fittings on the windows for this. (First we choose and pay money for airtight windows with several levels of seals to protect against cold, noise and dust, and then we keep them constantly ajar!? :-?)

It is also common to see airtight doors installed in the premises of a house, without a gap near the floor or other opening for air to pass through. Installing airtight doors blocks the natural circulation of air between the rooms of the house.

Many are not even aware of the need provide a constant supply of fresh air to the rooms and air circulation between the rooms. Having installed plastic windows and airtight doors, they live in stuffiness, with condensation and mold. And in the air of the premises, an increased concentration of deadly gases - and insidious.

Disadvantages of natural ventilation

All these open vents, ajar sashes, cracks in windows, openings-valves in the outer walls and windows cause drafts, serve as a source of street dust, allergenic plant pollen, insects and street noise.

The main disadvantage of natural ventilation in our homes is the lack of control and regulation of the amount of air supplied to and removed from the premises.

As a result, often stuffy in the house, high humidity, condensation on the windows and in other places, fungus and mold appear. Usually, this indicates that ventilation does not cope with its task - to remove pollution, pollution and excess moisture released into the air. The amount of air leaving through the ventilation is clearly not enough.

In other houses in winter, it is more often the other way around, the air is very dry with relative humidity less than 30% (comfortable humidity 40-60%). This indicates that too much air is escaping through the ventilation. The frosty dry air entering the house does not have time to be saturated with moisture and immediately goes into the ventilation duct. And heat goes with the air. We get indoor microclimate discomfort and heat loss.

In summer, the draft in the natural ventilation channel decreases, up to the complete cessation of air movement in the channel. In this case, the rooms are ventilated by opening the windows. Other rooms without windows, for example, a bathroom, a toilet, a dressing room, cannot be ventilated in this way. Such rooms that are left without ventilation in summer, humid air easily and quickly accumulates and then appears, smell, fungus and mold.

How to improve natural ventilation

The work of natural ventilation can be made more economical, if an automatic valve controlled by a humidity sensor is installed at the inlet to the ventilation duct. The degree of opening of the valve will depend on the humidity of the air in the room - the higher the humidity, the more the valve is open.

Installed in the rooms supply valves controlled by an outdoor temperature sensor. As the temperature decreases, the density of the air increases and the valve must be closed to prevent excess cold air from entering the room.

Automation of the valves will reduce heat loss with the air leaving through the ventilation by 20-30%, and the total heat loss of the house by 7-10%.

It should be understood that such local automation of the operation of each individual valve will not be able to fully eliminate the shortcomings of the natural ventilation system in the house. Installing automatic valves will only slightly improve ventilation, especially in winter.

It is possible, at a minimum, to install adjustable grilles and valves on the supply and exhaust ducts, and adjust them manually at least twice a year. For the winter period they cover, and with the onset of heat, the exhaust grilles and supply valves open completely.

Building regulations allow the air exchange rate in the non-working mode of the premises to be reduced to 0.2 room volume per hour, i.e. five times. There will always be rarely used rooms in the house. Especially on the upper floors of the house. In winter, be sure to close ventilation valves in rarely used rooms.

The ventilator in the outer wall provides forced air flow into the room. Fan power only 3 -7 Tue.

The ventilator has the following advantages over a supply valve:

• The volume of air coming from the street is limited only by the fan power.
• They create excessive pressure in the room, due to which, in houses and apartments with a poorly functioning exhaust ventilation channel, air exchange increases, and polluted air from neighboring rooms and the basement is excluded.
• Reduce the dependence of natural ventilation on climatic factors.
• Achievable deep air purification from dust, allergens and odors as a result of the use of more efficient filters with high aerodynamic resistance.
• Provide the best.

Ventilators equipped with an electronic climate control system, air heating, special filters are often called breathers.

Inexpensive electronic devices for home use are commercially available that measure air humidity. Hang such a device on the wall and adjust the throughput of the ventilation channels, focusing on the readings of the device. Maintain optimal humidity in residential areas of 40-60%.

Check for the presence and size of vents to move air between rooms in the house. The area of ​​the overflow opening for air outlet from the living room must be at least 200 cm 2. Usually leave a gap between the edge of the door and the floor in a room with a height of 2-3 cm.

Overflow opening for air inlet to the kitchen, bathroom or to another room equipped with a ventilation exhaust duct, should be at least 800 cm 2. Here it is better to install a ventilation grill at the bottom of the door or the inner wall of the room.

When moving from a room to a room with a ventilation duct, the air must pass through no more than two overflow openings (two doors).

Ventilation ducts that pass through an unheated room (attic) must be insulated. The rapid cooling of the air in the duct reduces the draft and leads to condensation from the exhaust air. The route of the natural ventilation channel should not have horizontal sections, which also reduce draft.

Fan in natural ventilation duct

To improve the operation of natural ventilation, kitchen hoods are installed, as well as electric fans at the inlet of ventilation ducts. Such fans are suitable only for short-term and intensive ventilation of premises during periods of significant release of moisture and pollution. The fans are very noisy, their performance, and hence the power consumption, exceeds the values ​​\u200b\u200bnecessary for constant ventilation.

It should be noted that installing a fan in an existing natural ventilation duct reduces the clearance of the duct. The autorotation of the blades (rotation under the pressure of the incoming air of the blades of a non-working fan) further increases the aerodynamic resistance of the channel. As a result, setting fan significantly reduces the force of natural draft in the channel.

A similar situation is when the kitchen hood above the stove is connected to the only natural ventilation channel in the kitchen.

Filters, valves and a fan in the kitchen hood practically block the natural draft in the ventilation duct. A kitchen with the hood turned off remains without ventilation, which worsens the air exchange throughout the house.

To remedy the situation, in the air duct between the natural ventilation channel and the kitchen hood it is recommended to place a tee with a check valve on the side outlet. When the hood is not working, the non-return valve opens, allowing free passage of air from the kitchen to the ventilation duct.

When turning on the cooker hood a large amount of warm air is thrown out into the street for the sole purpose of removing odors and other contaminants that form over the stove.

To eliminate heat loss, it is recommended to install an umbrella over the stove, equipped with a fan, filters and odor absorbers for deep air purification. After filtering, the air purified from odors and pollution is sent back to the room. Such an umbrella is often called a filter hood with recirculation. It should be borne in mind that the savings from lower heating costs are somewhat leveled due to the need to periodically replace the filters in the hood.

Available for sale fans controlled by a humidity sensor. The fan turns on when a certain threshold of humidity in the room is reached and turns off when it decreases. All the above features of the operation of fans in the natural ventilation system are also preserved when working with a humidity sensor.

In any case, the operation of the fan only leads to an increase in draft in the ventilation duct and a decrease in humidity in the room. But he is not able to limit natural draft, preventing excessive dryness of the air and heat loss in winter.

In addition, in the natural ventilation system, several elements located in different parts of the house work in concert - supply valves, exhaust ducts, overflow grilles between rooms.

Turning on a fan in one of the channels often leads to a disruption in the operation of other elements of the system. For example, air inlets in a home often fail to let through the sudden increase in air required to run a fan. As a result, when the hood in the kitchen is turned on, the draft in the exhaust duct in the bathroom overturns - air from the street begins to enter the house through the exhaust duct in the bathroom.

Natural ventilation in a private house is a system:

• simple and cheap to install;
• does not have any mechanisms requiring an electric drive;
• reliable, does not break;
• very cheap to operate - the costs are associated only with the need to perform periodic inspections and cleaning of ventilation ducts;
• does not make noise;
• the efficiency of its work is highly dependent on atmospheric conditions - most of the time the ventilation does not work in the optimal mode;
• has a limited ability to adjust its performance, only in the direction of reducing air exchange;
• in winter, the operation of the natural ventilation system leads to significant heat losses;
• in summer, the ventilation system does not work, ventilation of the premises is possible only through open windows, vents;
• there is no possibility of preparing the air supplied to the room - filtering, heating or cooling, changing humidity;
• does not provide the necessary comfort (air exchange) - which causes stuffiness, dampness (fungi, mold) and drafts, and also serves as a source of street dust (plant pollen) and insects, reduces the sound insulation of rooms.

Ventilation of the upper floors of a multi-storey private house

In a multi-storey building, as in a large ventilation duct, there is a natural draft, under the influence of which air from the first floor rushes up the clearance of the stairs to the upper floors.

If no measures are taken, then on the upper floors of the house we will always have stuffiness and high humidity, and in the house there will be a temperature difference between floors.

There are two options for natural ventilation of the upper floors of the house.

Ventilation in a wooden house

Interestingly, traditional for Russia houses with walls made of logs or timber do not have special devices for ventilation. Ventilation of the premises in such houses occurs due to walls (“breathing walls”), ceilings and windows, as well as as a result of air moving through the chimney when the stove is fired.

In the construction of a modern wooden house, various methods of sealing are increasingly used - machine profiling of the mating surfaces of logs and beams, sealants for interventional seams, vapor and windproof films in ceilings, hermetic windows. The walls of the house are sheathed and insulated, treated with various poisonous compounds.

In the rooms of the house, as a rule, there are no stoves.

The ventilation system in such modern wooden houses is simply necessary.

Ventilation of wardrobes and pantries

In the dressing room, pantry must be made ventilation. Without ventilation, the rooms will smell, humidity will increase, and even condensation, fungus and mold may appear on the walls.

The scheme of natural ventilation of these rooms should exclude the flow of air from the dressing room or pantry into the living rooms.

If the doors of these rooms open onto a corridor, a hall or a kitchen, then the rooms are ventilated in the same way as the living rooms in the house are ventilated. For the influx of fresh air from the street, a supply valve is placed in the window (if any) or in the wall. In the dressing room door, pantries leave a gap below, between the door and the floor, or make another hole for air to pass through, for example, a ventilation grill is inserted into the bottom of the door.

Fresh air enters the dressing room or pantry through the supply valve, then leaves through the hole in the door to the corridor, and then goes to the kitchen, to the exhaust duct of the natural ventilation of the house.

Between the dressing room or storage room and the room where there is a natural ventilation channel there should be more than two doors.

If the doors of the dressing room open into the living room, then the movement of air for ventilation of the dressing room should be organized in the opposite direction - from the living room, through the hole in the door, into the ventilation duct of the dressing room. In this variant the dressing room is equipped with a natural ventilation channel.

Ventilation in your city

Ventilation

Ventilation of a private house. Air flow in the house - video:

The purpose of ventilation is to improve the air quality in the home. There is a conflict between the need to improve air quality and minimize the cost of modern ventilation and reduce its energy consumption.

Meanwhile, ventilation is not the only way to improve indoor air quality. The most important is the control of sources of air pollution. We are talking about everyday habits, such as no smoking in the room, taking care that bacteria and fungi do not multiply in the apartment.

The quality of the air in the house clearly depends on whether materials with a low level of harmful emissions are used for construction. Natural materials such as wood, stone or glass are considered primarily as such.

With judicious selection of materials during the construction phase, good home air quality can be maintained even if a less expensive and energy-intensive ventilation system is installed.

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The use of new building materials and technologies has made our homes much warmer, but limited the flow of fresh air into the premises. After buying a house or apartment, we traditionally install new metal-plastic windows, which completely isolate ourselves from the street. Having completed useful measures to warm the house, you need to ensure the flow of clean air into it. It is quite possible to organize forced ventilation with your own hands, you should study the issue and choose how to do it.

How does ventilation work in residential buildings?

Exhaust and supply ventilation is of two types:

1. With a natural urge. For exhaust and inflow, the phenomenon of convection is used, when heated air, having a smaller mass, rises up.
2. With artificial (mechanical) motivation. Fans provide air movement.

An example of natural ventilation in an apartment

Most apartment and private houses are equipped with natural exhaust. For this, vertical channels are used, the entrances to which are located in the bathroom and kitchen in the form of gratings installed under the ceiling. The exits are located on the roof of the building. The height difference and the temperature difference between the outdoor and indoor air cause draft in the duct, which creates a negative pressure in the room. Natural supply ventilation in this case was provided through leaks or special cutouts in wooden windows.

New windows and solid front doors seal the apartment, blocking access to fresh air from outside. At the same time, the scheme of operation of the supply ventilation changes, since the air masses begin to flow into the kitchen or bathroom from other rooms. A new air balance is established in the house with a slight negative pressure. It often happens that as a result, a larger vertical shaft (usually a kitchen one) overturns the draft of a smaller channel in the toilet and a cold stream begins to flow from there in winter. The phenomenon is especially noticeable in strong winds, its effect increases traction and it becomes very cold in the bathroom.

Fresh air supply system through plastic windows

Many homeowners think that the ventilation solution is to install an axial fan instead of a chimney grate. In the absence of an inflow from the street, the fans of the bathroom and the kitchen hood alternately overturn the draft of another mine, sucking air masses from the roof through it. A surrogate supply ventilation is formed, with it uncleaned (and cold in winter) air randomly enters the house. With the simultaneous operation of the fans, there is no inflow from the street at all, but due to the vacuum created in the apartment, unpleasant odors from the neighbors may appear.

For reference: the device of vertical exhaust shafts provides only one entrance in one apartment and one exit - on the roof. The opinion that several apartments are connected to the mine is erroneous; each kitchen and bathroom has its own channel.

Extraneous odors do not penetrate through the ventilation ducts, but through the passages of pipes of gas or heating risers. An extreme case - one of the neighbors, in violation of all norms, made a hole from his bathroom into your exhaust shaft. In private houses, this phenomenon does not happen, and the lack of inflow is not so noticeable, since the volume of the premises is larger. But the processes proceed similarly and the parameters of the internal microclimate are no better.

Conclusion: the supply ventilation device must be installed in any building in which people live or work. Without inflow, the hood will not function.

Ways to organize the flow in the apartment

If metal-plastic windows with ventilation are installed in the house, you can make forced ventilation yourself in the simplest way:

1. Opening the sash, you can see two rubber seals laid along the contour of the window frame. In the lower part, it is necessary to carefully cut out with a knife a section of the outer seal up to 50 mm long, no more. To do this, the rubber is cut on both sides and removed. It should not be thrown away so that you can always put it back.
2. At the top of the frame, cut and remove a section of the inner seal of the same length. Close the sash.

Related video

The principle of operation is as follows: through the lower slot, air from the street enters the space between the window frame and the frame, limited on the sides by two seals. When heated, it rises and exits into the room through the second slot in the internal seal. It turned out a primitive forced ventilation, thanks to which the exhaust shafts will begin to function normally.

You can also perform an inflow device in another way - purchase an inlet valve that cuts into the window structure. The principle of its operation is the same, only the valve insert is made from the inside into the upper part of the frame profile. Outside, a groove is cut out at the bottom of the frame. To prevent rainwater or snow from getting into the latter, a visor is fixed above the groove. Installing a supply valve with your own hands will not be difficult, the installation procedure is given in the instructions for the product.

Fresh air valve

The above methods have their drawbacks:

• air enters the house randomly, sometimes simply from the wind;
• passing the way from the entrance to the exit, the air does not heat up enough;
• there is no cleaning, dust and gases from the street enter directly into the room.

The use of local supply units will ensure proper ventilation in the apartment. The unit is a device in which there is an axial fan, an air filter and an electric heater. To select the supply unit for performance, you need to calculate the air flow.

If the apartment does not have exhaust fans, then the calculation is based on the volume of the room. For living rooms, hallways and bedrooms, it is necessary to ensure a complete replacement of air 1 time per hour, this is called the air exchange rate. That is, a 3 by 4 m room with a height of 2.7 m has a volume of 32.4 m 3 and requires the same amount of air per hour. The exchange rate for the kitchen is assumed to be 1.5–2, depending on the number of stove burners. For a shared bathroom, a consumption of 50 m 3 / h for the toilet and 25 m 3 / h for the bathroom is accepted.

Exhaust fans

There are two types of local supply units: wall-mounted and suspended. But in any case, the installation of fresh air ventilation will require making a hole in the outer wall of the room. The diameter of the hole depends on the type of air handling unit and its performance, for drilling you will need a drill with an annular drill for concrete. The installation location is chosen at your discretion, but it is better to place the device at a height of no more than 1.5 m from the floor. Units built into the wall should be placed closer to the window, since the replacement of the filter element in them is done from the outside.

Air supply to a private house

In order for forced ventilation to work in a country house, all the above methods are suitable. The exception is cottages of medium and large sizes or those houses in which a boiler is used for heating, which takes combustion air from the room. Here we are talking about high air consumption, local installations will not be able to provide it. It is necessary to calculate and install supply ventilation, which will supply air masses to all rooms. For this, stationary air handling units are used.

There are a large number of schemes and methods for placing equipment and organizing air exchange. The simplest of them provides for an inflow device in the main corridor or hallway. Taking advantage of the fact that the entrance hall communicates with almost all rooms, it can be supplied with heated and purified air, which will be distributed throughout all rooms of the building. But first you need to calculate the flow of air masses for the inflow. To do this, you can use the method described above, but the air flow for the operation of the boiler must be added to the result. If the house has local exhaust fans, then their performance values ​​\u200b\u200bmust be included in the calculation.

After summing up all the costs, you can select equipment. The issue is resolved in two ways:

1. Buy separately a fan, filter, heater and automation devices and assemble ventilation in a separate room.
2. Purchase a ready-made supply unit assembly, then the ventilation device will consist in its placement and the supply of air ducts.

The complete unit is a compact insulated monoblock, inside which is all the equipment for processing air masses. The product can be hung from the ceiling, hidden under drywall, or placed on the street. Such supply ventilation is more expensive, but it will save space in the house and a lot of your time, since the air exchange device using individual elements requires certain skills and knowledge.

Air handling unit

It will be necessary to install, connect and tie these elements with the heating system or the electrical network of the house according to a certain scheme, to ensure automatic adjustment of the supply air temperature. As a rule, a special room or part of another technical room is allocated for such systems, so air ducts will need to be laid from there to deliver the air where it is needed.

Conclusion

In order not to waste your money, it is recommended to involve specialists - designers to organize air exchange in a country house, they will correctly calculate all the parameters and help you choose the right ventilation unit. Do-it-yourself natural supply ventilation is relevant for an apartment; it will not be enough in a private cottage.

All about ventilation in an apartment building How to install a hood in the kitchen Ventilation systems in a private house

Ventilation is one of the most important systems for providing any residential and non-residential premises. Without a well-organized air exchange, one can not even dream of comfortable operation of the premises. Supply air ducts are an integral part of any ventilation system.

These elements are responsible for supplying fresh oxygen. You can handle the arrangement of natural and forced ventilation with your own hands. Read the suggested recommendations and get started.

The supply air vent must be placed on the wall opposite to the wall with the hood.

The following places are suitable for placing the supply channel:

Modern plastic windows in most cases are initially equipped with a supply ventilation valve with a filter and damper. This configuration makes the operation of the valve adjustable and as convenient as possible.

A hole for air flow can be made in the wall. But if in the region of your residence the temperature in winter goes far beyond zero, icy air will enter the room through such a channel. Because of this, condensation or even frost will begin to appear on the wall.

To solve this problem, ventilation systems are equipped with special air heaters.

The most optimal place to place the supply air vent is the space under the windowsill. During the operation of such ventilation, there are no significant problems and inconveniences. At the entrance to the room, the air will be sufficiently warmed up by the heat of the heating radiator, which makes it possible to refuse the installation of additional heaters.

Ventilation valves may have a different shape. There are no specific recommendations for choosing a form. Choose the valve that is most convenient for you to install and use.

Set for arrangement of ventilation

1. Sledgehammer.
2. Spanners.
3. Locksmith's hammer.
4. Perforator.
5. Screwdriver.
6. Ratchet wrench.
7. Clamps.

The installation kit can be supplemented and reduced depending on the method of arrangement of supply ventilation chosen by you. At this point, you have to orient yourself.

Installation manual for natural supply ventilation

Among the main advantages of natural supply ventilation, its non-volatility should be noted - fans and no other electrical appliances are included in such a system.

First step. Attach the body of the purchased valve to the wall surface under the window. Use a marker or pencil to mark the location of the air inlet.

Second step. Using a puncher or other suitable tool, make a through hole in accordance with the markings. For most rooms, it is sufficient that the diameter of the air inlet is 60 mm. Make the channel with a 5-7 degree slope towards the street.

Third step. Insert a heater and an air pipe into the prepared channel. Seal the voids around the pipe with thermal insulation material. In some situations, foam can be used instead of insulation.

Fourth step. Put on the vent valve body so that it does not come into contact with the air pipe. Mark the places for placing the fasteners. Drill holes according to the marks and screw the valve body with self-tapping screws.

Fifth step. Insert the silencer into the housing. Usually this element is present in the valve configuration.

Sixth step. Place the face cap on the installed vent valve. Outside, put on a protective mesh (grille) on the ventilation hole.

The installation of the inlet valve is completed. Select the number of such channels individually in accordance with the volume of the serviced premises. For more convenience, you can purchase a valve model with a gate valve - this is a very convenient solution to use, allowing you to open and close ventilation as needed.

Arrangement of forced ventilation

In some situations, the possibilities of natural supply ventilation are not enough to provide the necessary air exchange. Especially for such cases, there is forced ventilation.

Key Features

Among the main features of such a system, it is necessary to highlight the presence of fans, due to which air is pumped. The system requires an electrical connection.

There are several types of supply ventilation systems, namely:

• installations for servicing one room;
• installations for servicing the whole house;
• stacked units, including air ducts, fans, various filters, noise absorbers, recuperators and other additional elements.

There are 2 air supply options:

• straight from the fans;
• through the duct system.

If the second option is more suitable for your case, the system must be additionally equipped with plastic or stainless steel air ducts. The end of each air duct is closed with a grate.

If you wish, you can equip your ventilation system with automation tools, for example, a temperature sensor. On the modern market there is a large selection of automation, which will allow you to equip the most efficient and easy-to-use ventilation unit.

For placement in a private house, it is most rational to choose a type-setting ventilation system. Such a complex is located in the attic or in another convenient room, taking into account the fact that the fans make quite a lot of noise during operation.

An extensive network of air ducts is connected to the type-setting installation, through which air enters different rooms of the house.

The ventilation unit must be equipped with filters. If you wish, you can additionally purchase and install various kinds of disinfectants, humidifiers and other similar items.

Air ducts with rectangular (square) and round profiles are available for sale. Round models are more preferable, because. they do not have large aerodynamic losses. From materials, give preference to aluminum and stainless steel.

To ensure the required tightness, the ventilation system is equipped with flanges and seals.

Among the advantages of forced ventilation, independence from weather conditions deserves special attention, which makes such a system much more efficient than its counterpart with natural induction.

Mounting

Traditionally, supply valves are installed in the walls. Finished openings are equipped with fans of suitable power (selected taking into account the volume of the serviced room).

First step. Prepare a hole for the duct in the outer wall. Do everything in the same way as in the case of arranging natural ventilation. The only significant difference is that the hole can be equipped in any convenient place.

Second step. Insert the air supply pipe into the hole.

Third step. Insert the fan into the installed duct pipe.

Fourth step.

Fifth step. Place a device with a filter, air heater and noise absorber on the inside of the wall. Install additional devices if necessary. Connect all electronics to the mains and check the operation of the system.

Immediately after completing the arrangement of the supply ventilation, check its performance. Also, such checks must be carried out regularly during the operation of the system. The recommended frequency is at least every three months.

Verification is extremely simple. Close all doors and windows in the room, take a sheet of any loose paper and hold it near the air inlet. If the sheet noticeably deviates from the ventilation duct, or even just moves, your system is working properly even with doors and windows closed.

If the sheet does not react in any way, open the doors and vents. If the paper still does not deflect after this, your air duct is most likely clogged and needs to be cleaned.

If the paper deflects when the doors and vents are open, and does not react in any way when the doors are closed, there is not enough air. This indicates the need for arranging forced ventilation.

Thus, with the installation of supply ventilation, you can handle it yourself without any problems. You only need to evaluate the volumes and features of your premises, choose the optimal type of ventilation unit and install all the necessary elements in accordance with the instructions received. Follow the given recommendations and everything will surely work out.

Successful work!

Video - Do-it-yourself ventilation

The struggle for energy efficiency in homes leads to complete tightness. When insulating rooms, people forget that the body needs fresh air for normal functioning. The stagnant air loses the oxygen content necessary for breathing. The consequence of the lack of movement of air masses is increased humidity, accumulation of harmful substances, therefore, high-quality ventilation of the room is a vital necessity, especially since you can equip it in a private house with your own hands.

How to start and important design points

To begin the creation of a normal circulation of air masses, it is necessary to begin with an assessment of the premises. The cubic capacity of living space is calculated, taking into account the need of a person who needs 10 m³ per hour for normal functioning. The system must supply air to each tenant of the house in any part of the living space. Depending on the design of the building, the communications used, the equipment, the type of ventilation is selected, which is able to provide residents with comfortable living conditions. There are three main types of movement of air masses in rooms according to the principle of operation:

1. Natural works on the principle of air movement under the influence of different temperature indicators. As is known from the course of physics, warm air currents are more discharged and rise upwards. Using this law, structural openings connected with the environment are provided in the upper part of the building. As a rule, the temperature outside the room is lower than inside, so warm air rises and is displaced by a cold stream from the building. It is generally accepted that the optimal operating indicator of such a system is the temperature outside in the range from 5 to 15 degrees. At lower temperatures in the premises, a draft is predictably created due to the intensity of heat transfer. In cases of high temperatures, the efficiency of the system is reduced because it is cooler inside the house;
2. Forced ventilation is carried out using mechanical devices that supply fresh air inside and remove stagnant, accumulated air masses outside. The inflow and outflow is carried out under the action of exhaust and spray equipment. Typically, such a system consists of fans, air valves, heaters, air conditioners, cleaning filters, silencers. For optimal functioning, a special communication network is created to ensure the movement of air flows - these are air channels, air intake grilles, diffusers, anemostats. The efficiency of the system is increased by the installation of control sensors, thermostats that connect or turn off fans according to the specified, calculated indicators;
3. A mixed system involves the addition of natural air exchange with exhaust equipment. These can be hoods in the kitchen or fans in the bathrooms, built-in or connected to natural ventilation communications. As a rule, such equipment is installed where the degree of air pollution is high and the inflow does not have time to displace pollution.

Ventilation problems are associated with the use of old building technologies for modern conditions. Most houses are built to outdated standards. At the same time, new materials, technologies and equipment are used. According to outdated SNiPs, air is supplied through gaps in windows and doors, but the installation of metal-plastic windows and doors of new designs reliably seals the room. Thus, residents are protected from drafts, sound comfort is increased, and energy saving is improved. Only the air stagnates, due to the lack of the possibility of fresh flow inflow. The result is expressed by an increase in humidity, oxygen starvation.

Know that this creates a favorable environment for the development of harmful microorganisms in the room. A fungus appears on the walls, rapidly conquering new territories. Fighting it is meaningless as long as greenhouse conditions are created for it in the form of a humid, warm atmosphere without drafts.

Another problem is the accumulation of harmful substances that enter the body through inhalation. They are distinguished by surrounding objects - these are furniture, walls, flooring, everyday substances for cleaning, cleaning surfaces. When the ventilation in the house with their own hands is made to last, the air circulates and almost all harmful substances are removed to the outside, they do not have time to accumulate in dangerous quantities and enter the body.

Fresh supply air according to standards and regulations

It is ideal to equip your house outside the city, located in the open spaces of an area rich in fresh, clean air, with natural ventilation.

Did you know that there are certain norms for air exchange in the house, taking into account the specifics of a particular room, which must be taken into account when creating ventilation in a private house with your own hands.

It implies the replacement of the entire air mass, the value of which is given in the table, in 1 hour for rooms where people are constantly present. Particular attention is paid to special purpose rooms:

1. For kitchens with electric stoves, air exchange is required at least 60 m³ / h, and in the case of a gas stove 90 m³ / h;
2. For a bathroom and a bathroom, air exchange should exceed 25 m³ / h, if these rooms are combined, then the figure increases to 50 m³ / h.

A table has also been developed depending on the location of the ventilation opening in the room on the height of the building and floor. It shows what performance is needed and the required number of channels. These indicators will help create air exchange that provides the standard or exceeds.

With You should know that when designing ventilation, take into account the individual characteristics of a particular house. For example, if a wooden floor is based on logs, then the ventilation under the floor is taken into account in the calculation.

Proper selection and calculation of the parameters of supply channels

For the organization of communications, pipes of round diameter or rectangular blocks are used. The optimal pipe size is considered to be a diameter of 150 mm (0.016 dm³), at least 10 cm on each side. Such indicators guarantee the passage of a flow of at least 30 m³ / h when the channels are located at a height of at least 3 m. In order for the throughput to be greater, it is necessary to increase the cross section, length or number of air ducts.

All possible options are determined depending on the floor of the building being calculated using the regulatory documentation "Code of rules for residential multi-apartment buildings":

1. Table 9.1 allows you to determine how much air is required to be pumped into the room;
2. In the paragraph "Performance standards and natural ventilation channels" it is given how much air is required to be removed from the room.

The obtained values ​​are compared, the larger one is selected and the required air exchange is calculated.

For example, for a 4-room one-story house with three meter ceilings and a roof, a total area of ​​75 m², a kitchen equipped with a gas stove. The total cubic capacity required for inflow into the room is 225 m³ per hour. The available data on the rooms allow us to determine the amount of air that needs to be removed outside: kitchen - 90 m³ / h, bath and toilet - 50 m³ / h, total - 140 m³ / h. Therefore, the indicator of 225 m³ / h is taken as the basis and the calculation is carried out on it:

1. The height of the ventilation ducts for the house is 4 m;
2. The air renewal capacity for t=20 °C according to the table is 45.96 m³/h;
3. The number of channels is determined by dividing 225/45.96=4.9.

That is, for the required house, 5 ventilation ducts are required without taking into account all the individual features of the house. To obtain specific values, it is necessary to involve specialists in the design of ventilation of a private house.

Additional equipment that improves living conditions

Natural ventilation is economical, easy to operate, easy to design and construct. But it is unable to cope with all the challenges presented by modern housing challenges. Called for help:

1. Fans built into the air ducts effectively fight against unpleasant odors, excessive humidity in the toilet and bath. Inexpensive design, easy to install and easy to use helps to quickly increase airflow as needed;
2. The hood, located above the stove, protects the kitchen from moisture, removes excess odors from the room and helps maintain normal temperature conditions, quickly removing hot air from the room.

You should know the permissible dimensions for the location of the hood above the stove - 0.75 m when using a gas hob; 0.65 m above electric.

Increased attention is paid when using a fireplace or stove. In this case, do-it-yourself ventilation in a private house is designed taking into account the need to create conditions for the complete combustion of the fuel used to operate the equipment, and all combustion products must also be removed. Careful study of the design guarantees the elimination of risks - fire, suffocation. Often there are projects in which supply ventilation is used from the bottom of the stove or fireplace. This solution provides the fire source with a constant supply of oxygen, normal thrust.

High-quality ventilation in a private house is necessary, it can be designed with your own hands. It is important to take into account the features of the structure, the characteristics of the equipment used and the materials in the premises.

Video about ventilation of a private house

The inflow of fresh air is necessary to ensure healthy living conditions, good plant maintenance and high-quality functioning of technical systems. At the same time, it is necessary to remove various harmful impurities. These tasks will help to solve in a complex productive in a private house with your own hands. Scheme, calculations, installation methods - all this in today's review.

A good ventilation system is an indispensable element of the engineering equipment of a modern private house.

Read in the article

Arrangement of a ventilation system in a private house: general parameters and requirements

Modern buildings are created with improved indicators of tightness and. This improves economic performance during operation, but blocks the access of fresh air. This example explains the need for an integrated approach when considering the functionality of engineering systems.

The following features should also be noted for the correct formulation of requirements for a good ventilation project for a private house:

• The composition of the atmosphere in the room can change the state of the air outside, the presence of sources of harmful and unpleasant impurities in the property itself.
• Ways to control ventilation are essential.
• It is possible that contaminants from household chemicals, finishing and building materials can enter the air environment.
• To calculate the ventilation device in a private house, you can apply the methodology for taking into account the maximum permissible concentrations of impurities, or indicators of normal air exchange.
• We must not forget about the different needs in and on, in the training room and.
• , and other equipment actively consume oxygen.
• It is necessary to take into account the individual physiological characteristics and preferences of users. Particular attention should be exercised in the presence of allergic reactions.

It should be emphasized that the current domestic and foreign regulations, industry and sanitary and hygienic standards contain conflicting data. The above information explains the actual complexity of the task. Too many factors affect the parameters of indoor air. In addition to objective indicators, individual preferences will have to be taken into account.

Note! For residential premises, the multiplicity of the complete exchange is calculated using the proportion of 30 cubic meters. m. per hour per person. The following are correction data for different rooms and special operating conditions.

That is why, when performing calculations for installing ventilation in a private house, experienced specialists make a sufficient margin for performance. It helps to make the necessary corrections at peak loads.

Types of ventilation systems

The supply of fresh air to the premises is organized constantly. Only the intensity of the corresponding operations changes. This means that the most convenient and economical system is the one that performs its functions without close monitoring and energy consumption. On the other hand, the use of forced mechanisms simplifies the ventilation of rooms.

Advantages and disadvantages of natural ventilation in a private house

On this simplified diagram of natural ventilation in a private house, the main parts of an engineering structure are indicated. Here, holes are made in the walls through which air from the street enters. Paths have been created for free movement of flows between rooms, .

To ensure air exchange according to the above standard (30 cubic meters per person per hour), it is enough to install an inlet and outlet pipe with a diameter of 150 mm or more. The height of the vertical part is made from 300 cm or more. This typical example can be used for calculations taking into account the architectural features of the property.

Important notes:

• The same length of vertical pipes will equalize.
• The efficiency of the system is reduced by: branches, horizontal sections, changing the section.
• For ease of construction, channels from rooms on different floors are combined in a single ventilation shaft, or mounted side by side.

Filter elements are installed in some inlet channels to trap dust and other mechanical impurities. Such details can significantly reduce the performance of the system.

Note! The height of the ventilation pipes is not regulated by SNiP. In practice, however, chimney standards can be applied. If the above rules are followed, obstacles to the free movement of air in the right direction with different wind direction and strength will be minimized.

Why do you need a forced ventilation system in a private house

In the systems discussed above, the movement of air is carried out due to different atmospheric pressure at different heights, during heating, under the influence of gusts of wind. The main advantage of these techniques is energy independence. However, they are all overly exposed to all sorts of external factors. The task becomes more complicated as the height of the channels increases.

In order to ensure the necessary performance in any conditions, impellers with electric drives of various types are used.

This figure shows the centralized equipment of the object. Here, one power unit is used, which provides air supply and output. When installing sensors and control devices, the ventilation performance of individual rooms is changed. When combined with, they solve the problem of maintaining comfortable temperature conditions.

air handling unit

What schemes are used to organize effective ventilation in a private house

In practice, various combinations of natural and forced methods are used. To clarify the requirements of the terms of reference, it is necessary to study in detail the typical design solutions.

Supply ventilation in a private house: the principle of operation

With this kit, you can provide a metered supply of purified air to the room:

• To protect against the penetration of insects and leaves, there is a removable grill (1).
• Air movement is provided by electric (2). The rotation speed of the rotor of this model is regulated by the switch (5) in steps.
• The insert (3) made of porous material retains small mechanical impurities.
• The inner grille (4) has a decorative function.
• The expandable tube design (6) allows for precise installation, taking into account certain wall thicknesses.

In such devices, multi-stage speed controllers, fine filters, and heaters are installed. Built-in electronics allows you to set custom operating modes for time, temperature. Operation is simplified with remote controls.

Modern systems are combined with intelligent control and management systems of the “smart home” category. This simplifies the optimization of equipment operation, allows you to organize remote remote control of equipment via a network.

Features of exhaust ventilation in a private house

This system is needed for the effective removal of exhaust and polluted air from the premises. With its help, gas combustion products are removed from the atmosphere of residential real estate during operation and.

In this example, you can explore the solution to a typical problem in a separate functional block. This system removes humid air from the bathroom and odors from the toilet using forced ventilation. Electric drives are connected to the power supply separately. Installed in the toilet. It turns off the fan automatically after the desired time interval after turning off the lighting in the room. The reverse movement of air is blocked by two . Pollution is removed outside through a common shaft.

In this variant, one should not excessively increase the length of the side channels, apply several turns. This will increase the resistance, so a more powerful fan will be needed.

Note! In such systems, significant temperature drops occur over a small section of the route. This stimulates the appearance of moisture on the inner surfaces. To prevent condensate from penetrating into the premises, a slight slope towards the street should be made for free flow.

On a three-dimensional layout, it is easier than on a flat drawing to study the relative position of engineering systems, decorative and functional elements of the house. This approach minimizes errors. In particular, for better ventilation, the inflow and exhaust are installed diagonally in the room. Space is freed up near the ventilation openings so as not to create artificial obstacles to the movement of air.

Expanded possibilities of high-quality supply and exhaust ventilation in a private house

As the name suggests, this system provides fresh air and exhaust air. An integrated approach makes it possible to economically use energy resources and perform the assigned tasks in a coordinated manner.

The principle of operation of this technique is clear from the figure. The heat exchanger combines two channels (exhaust and supply) without mixing. This solution helps to pre-heat/cool the air without using additional energy sources.

air handling unit with heat exchanger

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The following are other important facts worth noting:

• It is quite acceptable to use several dependent and autonomous systems in one object. The example above shows that it is better to equip the one attached to the house with separate ventilation.
• In some rooms it is more convenient to mount individual sets of equipment. Breezer can be installed in an hour. It does not need to be connected to a central ventilation duct. All work is carried out without making changes to the decoration of the room.
• When assessing the noise level of channel installations, experienced specialists recommend taking measurements in the area of ​​​​the inlet and outlet, near blocks equipped with electric drives. Manufacturers indicate in the accompanying documentation the acoustic power or sound pressure. For comparison, you need to take the same parameters.
• The power of regular heating elements exceeds 3 kW. This allows you to quickly raise the temperature at any time of the year. But you need to make sure that the wiring and other network components are designed for the appropriate loads. If necessary, install a liquid heat exchanger.
• Automation parameters must be checked carefully. You should make sure that the remote control is easy to use, easy to set up. In addition to the typical change in rotation speed, the ability to set an individual time schedule is useful. At night, for example, reduce the temperature, the intensity of ventilation.
• It is useful to save user settings in memory. Care is simplified if there is a differential type pressure sensor. This device measures pressure changes before and after the filter. An increase in reading difference will indicate excessive contamination. In cheap modifications, “on time” signaling devices are installed, which do not provide high control accuracy.
• Self-diagnostics using software and electronic tools will help you find out about equipment problems in a timely manner. Additional convenience is provided by user notification with forwarding of messages to a smartphone, or other mobile device, desktop computer.
• In serial household equipment, G4 filters are installed, which are capable of poplar fluff, bird feathers, and other large impurities. If necessary, instead of it, or sequentially install elements with small channels. Retention of particles with sizes less than one micrometer is acceptable. It must be remembered that such modernization will increase the load on the ventilation units.

When developing project documentation, it is necessary to separately study the issues of future operation. Ventilation equipment will have to be serviced. It is necessary to exclude situations when, in order to inspect and perform routine maintenance, it is necessary to dismantle parts of decorative finishes and building structures. For this reason, it is more convenient to place fans, filters and other system components in a special technological room. Such a solution will simplify the creation of effective noise isolation of the ventilation unit.

What to consider when equipping individual rooms

During the distribution of flows, it is necessary to ensure the initial penetration of air from the street into the living room, bedroom, and other living rooms. From there - he is sent to the technical premises, to, to the pantries,. This solution will create excess pressure in places of permanent residence, which will prevent unpleasant odors and other contaminants from getting there.

Note! According to the current standards, “permanent stay” rooms are rooms in which people stay for more than 6 hours in one day or from 2 hours continuously.

Ventilation in the kitchen in a private house: a rational solution to complex problems

In this room, the temperature varies over a wide range, . The process of cooking is accompanied by the appearance of odors, air pollution hazardous to health and persistent impurities. It is necessary to take into account not only the intensity, but also the high frequency of various negative impacts.

It is also necessary to remember the peculiarities of working with kitchen appliances. If installed, an air exchange of at least 60 cubic meters should be ensured. per person per hour. When installing a gas stove, this standard is increased by 50% (up to 90 cubic meters).

supply infiltration valve

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Note! The minimum distance from the hood body to the gas/electric stove must be at least 65/75 cm respectively.

Principles of coordinated operation of the two systems:

• Rice. "BUT". Initially, the design of the house provides only natural ventilation using a hole (2). It can be seen that part (1) will reduce the cross section of the common channel (3) after installation.
• On Fig. "B" shows the work (5), which is installed behind the decorative grille (4). When the hood fan is turned on, it closes, blocking the movement of air in the opposite direction.
• The following figure "C" shows the operation of natural ventilation.

Table hoods descend inside cabinet furniture when turned off. They can be connected to ventilation shafts according to the standard scheme, from above. But if necessary, the corresponding channels are created in . The latter option is associated with significant changes in architectural designs. It is used in the construction of a house, during a major overhaul.

kitchen hoods

To maintain high performance, the following details must be taken into account when designing the exhaust connection:

• It is not difficult to work with corrugated pipes. But these products create more resistance to air flow compared to the smooth walls of the channels.
• The cross section of the duct is selected in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. It should not be less than the specified value.
• When laying the route, it is necessary to prevent flattening of flexible pipes and other significant deformations. The number of turns should be minimized.

An approximate calculation of the required extraction capacity can be made using the formula P = (L x W x H) x 12 x 1.25, where

• P- the maximum amount of air removed from the room per hour in cubic meters;
• D,W and AT- length, width and height of the room in meters;
• 12 – standard correction factor;
• 1,25 - an additional power reserve, which is useful for quickly removing fumes from burnt food.

This operation can be performed safely with steam over boiling water. Also use special detergents. To remind you of routine procedures, hoods are equipped with electronic timers with sound and light alarms.

Here the hood is supplemented with air conditioning. This technique is more expensive than standard models. But it is able to maintain the temperature mode set by the user in the room.

Such equipment acts as a filter. It helps to trap contaminants. As a rule, additional elements with carbon fillers are used. These sorption technologies help to remove the smallest impurities and unpleasant odors. However, in any case, it is necessary to provide work. In this embodiment, an existing shaft is used. To improve performance, forced mechanisms are installed in the input (exhaust) path.

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How to create good ventilation in the toilet and bathroom

To calculate the needs of these parts of the property, the following air exchange standards are used in cubic meters. in an hour:

• 25 - for each individual room;
• 50 - for a combined bathroom.

Insufficient ventilation in the bathroom in a private house contributes to the appearance of mold, fungal colonies. In addition to an unsightly appearance, the composition of the atmosphere will deteriorate. Some microorganisms provoke the occurrence of diseases dangerous to health, therefore, appropriate preventive measures can be called mandatory. Of course, we must not forget about peeling paint and damage to other decorative coatings, intensification of destructive corrosion processes.

Air can be supplied here from living rooms, corridors. If there are not enough available slots, through holes with plastic inserts are made in the door leafs.

inlet valve for windows

The possibilities of natural ventilation for such premises are not enough. Therefore, more efficient forced systems are used. The choice of fan is made taking into account individual conditions. Above are the minimum regulatory requirements. They will not be enough if you often take a shower when a lot of people live in the house. As in the case of the kitchen, it is better to install a sufficient power margin here.

Note! For an approximate calculation, you can use the above formula with a factor of "5" instead of "12".

The walls are reinforced with a piece of plastic pipe. The installation site is chosen at a distance from plumbing fixtures in order to prevent accidental splashes on the body of the equipment.

When choosing a technique, you need to pay attention to the features of modern models:

• The grille and housing made of durable polymers are not damaged in conditions of high humidity and temperature changes.
• The aerodynamic impeller with a large number of blades creates a strong air flow at relatively low speeds, with minimal noise.
• Vibrations from the electric drive are effectively damped by damping inserts.
• Rotor supports on ball bearings are designed for long-term intensive operation.
• Good tightness of the joints of individual parts prevents moisture from penetrating inside.
• Light weight makes installation easier.
• Some models additionally, or as standard, are equipped with check valves.

Note! When choosing a fan for a small room, pay special attention to the noise level. A value of 35 dB and below can be called quite acceptable. If the manufacturer has specified less than 25 dB, the sound of the operating electric drive will not be heard at a distance of several meters.

exhaust fan for toilet

Special ventilation in the basement of a private house: reliable protection against mold and dampness

Requirements for the design of the system are formulated taking into account the intended purpose of the premises in this part of the building. With an area of ​​​​up to 40-50 square meters. in a low-rise building, it is enough to install natural ventilation.

This figure can be used to explain the main parameters of the system:

• The inlet is closed with a grate from the penetration of rodents.
• The opening of the supply pipe in the basement is mounted at a distance of 20-30 cm from the floor level.
• The hood is installed diagonally. The pipe entrance is 20 cm below the ceiling.
• A plug closes the channel in winter, preventing the penetration of cold air.
• The "umbrella" on the roof protects against precipitation entering the system.

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In the review, we will talk about how the air circulation scheme in such rooms should be arranged, as well as what types of it are. Indeed, in the garage, not only the removal of gases is necessary, but also the maintenance of humidity at the required level - its excess reduces the life of the car.

The examples given are suitable for organizing suitable conditions for storing vegetables, conservation, garden tools, and consumables in the lower part of the building.

In this case, standard norms for living rooms are used to calculate the system and individual parts. They make an additional supply for the gym, shower room, kitchen block. Productivity is increased by forced ventilation.

Important! To figure out how to make ventilation in the basement of a private house, you must first create a list of requirements, taking into account the characteristics of individual rooms. The mode of operation also matters.

Mandatory requirements for ventilation of the boiler room

The parameters of the ventilation system when installing gas equipment are precisely set by the current building codes and regulations:

• The minimum supply capacity is determined by the characteristics of the boiler. The cross-sectional area of ​​​​the inlet channel is normalized (in cm square per 1 kW of heating equipment power):

1. 8 or more if the inflow is made directly from the street;
2. more than 30 when the air comes from adjacent rooms.

• An exit hole is made on the ceiling. It is connected to the central ventilation shaft of the house.
• In addition to the main one, it is necessary to install a second channel (lower by 25-30 cm) for routine inspections and removal of contaminants.
• The volume of the room is made not less than 7.5 cubic meters. with a total power of heating equipment up to 30 kW.

Note! A heated attic in a private house is ventilated using the usual norms for residential premises.

How does the ventilation system of the sewerage system perform its functions in a private house

The sewer ventilation scheme in a private house shows that the number of outlet channels is determined by the design features of the sewer system. Here one pipe is installed in front. The second is in the far part of the infiltrator.

If it is not possible to install ventilation ducts on all risers, only the far part is connected to the outlet to the roof. The deflector increases efficiency of removal of polluted air.

In this figure, the following details are indicated by numbers:

• (1) connected to heating equipment;
• "backlash channel" (2);
• wooden (3) and cast iron (4) cover;
• outlet section of the ventilation system (5);
• brickwork (6);
• clay castle (7), preventing the penetration of contaminants into the soil.

Basement ventilation: important nuances

If this part of the building is not in use due to its low height, or for other reasons, appropriate protective measures are necessary. The organization of good ventilation in a private house without a basement prevents damage to the wooden parts of structures by decay processes, the appearance of fungal spores dangerous to humans.

Note! Installation of ventilation of the basement floor of a private house is necessary for the timely removal of radon. This radioactive gas is not detected by the human senses.

Normalization of the humidity level in the pool with the help of productive ventilation

This information will help to formulate the correct requirements for ventilation of the respective premises:

• Experts recommend not to increase the water content in the atmosphere above the level of 14 g per kg of air.
• The normal relative humidity range is 40 to 655.
• If the surface temperature is below the dew point, intense condensation occurs. Such processes, in particular, can be observed on the outer walls of air duct pipes.
• To prevent drafts and the resulting respiratory diseases, the air flow rate should not exceed 0.15 m per second.
• Increasing the pressure in the room (special regulation of supply and exhaust) will prevent the ingress of chlorine chemical compounds into other rooms. If this backwater is set to more than 15-25 Pa, there may be obstacles when opening the doors.

How to make ventilation in a private house: preparation of calculations, project documentation

During the calculation of ventilation in a private house, professionals determine the following important parameters:

• The performance of the air exchange system in cubic meters. in an hour. It is determined for each functional room separately, based on the current standards and operating features.
• Further specify the characteristics of the individual components of the air distribution network:

1. channel sizes;
2. switchgear dimensions;
3. resistance to air movement;
4. power;
5. consumed electrical energy.

• The data obtained is used to select a suitable air handling unit.

Note! In order not to figure out how to properly ventilate a private house, you can take the help of experienced professionals. When buying equipment, such services are provided free of charge by specialized stores.

The materials posted in this article will help you understand how to make a hood in a private house on your own. It should be noted that in any case, personal preferences are of decisive importance. For a demanding user, the volumes of fresh air that are given in building codes may not be enough.

Do-it-yourself ventilation schemes in a private house: an overview of typical solutions

Creating high-quality ventilation in a private house with your own hands

Such a supply and exhaust ventilation with your own hands can be created. But to implement large-scale plans, you will have to study design issues at a professional level. You will need knowledge on how to properly configure the joint work of all engineering systems in the house.

Proper distribution of labor and other resources will help to solve difficult problems without mistakes. The performance of individual works and the most difficult stages can be entrusted to specialized specialists. Some parts of the supply ventilation with your own hands can be installed without the involvement of assistants.

Proper solution of individual tasks during system installation

The installation of channels should not violate the tightness of the layers. Damage to the wiring, water and gas supply should be excluded. In order not to disturb hidden communications, they use accurate plans, phased snapshots of the construction processes. The necessary materials should be prepared in advance. Similar precautions will come in handy when installing ventilation under the floor in a private house. If possible, the tracks are installed under removable ceiling panels. Dismantling and wood paneling will also not be overly difficult.

roof deflector

How to choose pipes and other components of the ventilation system without mistakes

With the help of such parts, a route with a complex configuration can be created quickly, without errors.

To clean the incoming air from pollution, various devices are used. In addition to mechanical (mesh and volumetric), photocatalytic, carbon and other types of filters can be installed. Some of them perform their functions qualitatively, but do not increase the resistance to air flow.

Such products can be used if they fit in diameter. Products in this category (gray) are intended for indoor installation. Excessive heating (above +60°C), strong mechanical impacts should be prevented.

Step by step installation with comments

How to make ventilation in the house using specialized components is described in the following table:

A photo	Working steps, explanations, comments
	For work it is convenient to use the system. The specially reduced height helps to save free space.
	Such products are installed in a horizontal and vertical position.
	The range of manufacturers includes air ducts with different channels: round (diameter - 100; 125; 150 mm); rectangular (dimensions - 60 x120; 60 x 204 mm).
	Fast and accurate installation is ensured by matching the dimensions of the joined parts, a large number of various additional elements. It is not difficult to handle light products in hard-to-reach places, at height. They are connected into a single structure without special tools. They are cut to the required size by hand with a canvas for wood.
	Before installation work, it is necessary to prepare project documentation. In accordance with the drawings, holes are made in certain places of the building structures.
	Next, select the necessary fittings.
	Tee.
	Such a product performs the transition from a rectangular section of the channel to a round pipe.
	Such taps are used to change the passage of the route in different planes.
	To speed up the assembly of ventilation in the house with your own hands, functional modules of several elements are connected in advance.
	Such blanks are mounted in the right places. Special fasteners are used to fix vertical and horizontal sections. This inlet is located taking into account the fact that a plasterboard sheathing with a decorative lattice will be installed on top.
	To speed up work operations, cutting to size is done using . But it is quite acceptable to use a hand tool.
	Connections are strengthened.

Note! Installation of ventilation in a private house is often accompanied by drilling holes in the outer walls to create supply channels. These complex operations are performed using diamond nozzles. To cool them, water is supplied to the working area, which, together with the debris, flows down, forming unpleasant spots. Such a procedure should be planned before the final finish in order to prevent additional costs for restoring the flawless appearance of the facade.

Features of a professional ventilation installation in a private house: prices, scope of work, control operations

A properly selected do-it-yourself ventilation scheme in a private scrap is a reliable basis for future success. Careful preparation will allow you to choose the best option for a particular structure and specific needs. An objective assessment of your own financial capabilities and installation skills will come in handy. If necessary, specialized specialists can be involved to perform individual operations. You should carefully study the technical innovations, modern materials, so as not to miss the actual advantages in the relevant market segment.

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