Shed frame with a shed roof: construction details and installation steps. Do-it-yourself shed roof shed - step by step instructions Barn roof drawing

No matter how much space there is in a country house, on a personal plot one cannot do without such a necessary outbuilding as a barn.

If there is no experience of self-construction yet, but the owner knows how to handle the tool, he can easily build a barn at the dacha with his own hands, following the instructions.

If the shed will be located next to the house, and it is important that it looks aesthetically pleasing, it is better to use the same materials from which the house is built. To reduce the cost of construction, you can finish the shed with siding - it can be different, and imitates any materials - wood, brick, stone of different textures.

How to make a barn quickly and inexpensively

Guided by step-by-step instructions on how to make a barn on your own, you can build it as soon as possible, while spending very little money.

One of the easiest, fastest and cheapest options is a frame shed. The frame itself can be either made of wood or metal, it is sheathed on the outside with a suitable material, a roof is installed - and a convenient outbuilding is ready for use.

If the barn is wooden, then the frame can be made of timber. But it is more convenient, more reliable and durable to make a frame from profiled pipes with a rectangular or square section - a profile with a round section is more difficult to join and weld.

There are also ready-made metal frames on sale, which are assembled using self-tapping screws, and at the factory you can order a design according to your own drawing.

As practice shows, the assembly of both metal and wooden sheds usually takes only a few days. The photo shows sheds on frames - what they are, and how beautifully they can be finished.

What to be the foundation

Sheds on frames are light structures, therefore the foundation for them is made lightweight. Most often, several posts, screw piles or a concrete block are enough - one or more, depending on the area of \u200b\u200bthe barn.

If the soil on the land plot is complex, the foundation can be a shallow strip foundation from special monolithic blocks.

A reinforced strip foundation will withstand even bricks and building blocks as walls - the building will be reliable and will not crack on the ground, which is prone to swelling, since the movement of the structure will occur along with the foundation.

The choice of the type of foundation depends on the soil on the site, the area of the barn, the material from which it is built, as well as the financial capabilities of the owners of the site. But the easiest, fastest and cheapest way is to build a barn on a frame without a foundation.

Frame shed without foundation

Frame sheds can be built without a foundation at all. There are two options. In one case, the racks treated against decay are deepened by 60-80 cm, concreted, and then the lower harness is attached to them, on which the floor is laid on the logs. It should be noted that this method is only suitable for building a small area.

On soils that absorb and drain water well, you can also build a barn without a foundation like this: the site for construction is marked in such a way that the site on which the barn will stand is 0.5 m wider on each side than the area of \u200b\u200bthe building itself .

Sod is removed from the ground and sand and gravel bedding is made, which must be carefully compacted. A strapping beam is laid on the prepared place, logs for the floor treated with an antiseptic are attached to it - the logs will be in direct contact with the ground, so treatment with an antiseptic is required.

As soon as logs for the future floor are laid on the site, the floor itself is made. It can be made of board, from sheets of moisture-resistant plywood or from oriented strand board (OSB). In this case, the recommended thickness of materials:

for the board - 20 mm;
for plywood and OSB - 13-15 mm.

When the site for the building is ready, you can begin to build a barn.

Note!

When building a frame shed with a pitched roof, the roof should be installed correctly - its angle of inclination should be such that snow can easily roll off it.

Practice shows that the optimal angle of inclination is achieved with a height of one wall - 3 m, and the opposite - 2.4 m. It is good to cover the roof with ondulin - this roofing material is also called euroslate.

Ondulin is much more attractive in appearance than slate, it has a wavy shape, and its color can be different, this allows you to make the roof of the barn beautiful, cheerful, truly country.

Having started assembling the frame, first, racks of each wall are mounted alternately in the floor. If not boards are chosen for sheathing, but ready-made slabs - made of wood, metal or other material, sheathing can be installed on the frame of each wall in advance, on the ground, and the wall can be fixed to the floor in finished form. Alternatively, the walls can be sheathed with OSB 9.5 mm thick.

There is an alternative technology - Balloon (balun). With this method, the installation is carried out gradually - immediately on the strapping or the blocks themselves, the corner frame racks are fixed as the racks are mounted in height. Between them, at each new level of height, a rope is pulled, along which the next racks are then set up.

Note!

When arranging window and door openings, it should be taken into account that the load on the frame is greater here, therefore it is necessary to strengthen the frame in those places where the window and door sashes will be attached. To do this, the openings are equipped not only with corner, but also with reinforced racks.

Roof erection

Since the roof of the shed will be single-pitched, the rafter system is simple: rafter boards, the length of which, to ensure an overhang (usually 30-50 cm, it is made) must be greater than the length of the side of the area itself, intended for the roof, are laid on the edge. For example, if the planned barn area is 3 m by 3 m, then the length of the rafter board should be 3.840 m.

The boards are nailed obliquely - two nails on both sides, so that the roof can more reliably withstand loads under snow pressure and in strong winds, it can be reinforced with metal corners.

It is necessary to mount a crate on the roof (suitable 100 * 25 mm). If the roof is planned to be covered with ondulin, then the optimal lathing step recommended by the manufacturer of this roofing material should be 40 cm.

The final step is to cover the roof with the selected material - ondulin, slate or others.

Note!

Completion of the barn

After the erection of walls and roofs, windows and doors are mounted in the prepared openings.

At the door, you can make a small porch, or just one or several small steps, depending on the height of the barn threshold.

The lining of the barn can be painted to match the roof, or if it is wooden, leave the natural color, which will look organic in the country, by drying it.

And the foundation, so that the building looks aesthetically pleasing and neat, is sewn up with an asbestos sheet.

Such a barn, if the site on which it is being built, has already been prepared, can be erected in just a couple of days. Built with your own hands and taking into account individual needs, it will turn out to be very comfortable and beautiful.

DIY barn photo

In the economy of any private household there is always gardening equipment and tools that need to be stored somewhere. A lawn mower or a garden sprayer with chemicals does not belong in a residential building. Where to put these necessary things so that they do not succumb to the influence of the environment and do not litter the territory of the yard? You can solve this problem by building a small frame shed with a pitched roof.

Advantages and disadvantages of wood frame construction

The construction of a frame outbuilding from wooden bars has a number of advantages:

In specialized hardware stores, you can purchase ready-made parts for assembling the frame structure of the barn.
It is not difficult to build such a structure yourself, since the assembly of parts takes place according to the principle of the designer. For this, it is not necessary to have special knowledge in construction. All elements and connections of the frame are adjusted in size, and the presence of instructions will make the construction process easier.
A frame wooden shed will last for many years if it is properly cared for, and all the rules were followed during its construction.
The construction of the structure will not take much time. Usually one week is enough to build the entire shed. This time includes: installation of the foundation, assembly of all frame elements, wall cladding, insertion of doors and windows, roofing.
Wooden parts of the structure can be easily processed further.
When building a barn with a shed roof, there is no need to install a truss system.
The frame structure of the barn is easy to disassemble and re-erect in another place. In this case, we are talking about light buildings, without a foundation.
The cost of purchasing materials for such a structure is much less than, for example, a brick one. Many are of the opinion that the wooden structure is short-lived and unreliable. However, if we take into account the service life of these parts and the money spent on materials, then this option is much more profitable.

The disadvantages of this design are as follows:

Wooden elements are flammable material.
Frame parts can be subject to rotting and damage by wood-boring insects. To prevent this from happening, all wood elements must be additionally treated with antiseptic pastes, organic solutions or oily antiseptics.
Wood, depending on its moisture content, tends to dry out, swell, warp and crack over time.

Preparing for construction: drawings of the future barn, dimensions

Before starting the construction of a frame barn, it is necessary to take into account some points of its construction:

The barn, no matter how neatly built, remains an outbuilding that does not really fit into the architecture of a residential building. Accordingly, this building is best erected in the backyard.
Entrance must be free. This will become especially convenient when it will be necessary to bring large items or furniture into it, in case of repairs in the house.
It is better to locate the barn on a hill (supports, piles, blocks). The distance between the base of the structure and the ground will prevent: from rotting of its wooden parts, the appearance of moisture in the room and damage to metal equipment by corrosion.
It is necessary to carefully design the barn so that in the future there is no need to make extensions to it. It will be convenient to divide it into two rooms: in one you can equip a workshop, and in the second - the barn itself or the chicken coop itself.

Two barn rooms will allow you to use them for different purposes

The land at the site of the future construction must be leveled.
It is necessary to determine what materials the walls and floors will be sheathed with. What will be the interior decoration and what kind of roofing to use.

The length, width and height of the future barn is selected individually, depending on the location. For such purposes, medium-sized buildings are most suitable (see image).

Frame shed option with typical parameters

Another version of the frame shed

Material selection and calculation

Qualitative planning of the procurement of all necessary materials will save you from unforeseen waste in the future.

When building a barn frame, the following materials are needed:

For the lower and upper strapping, you need: six bars 6 m long with a section of 100x100 mm and eight bars - 3 m each with a section of 100x100 mm.

When buying timber and boards, you should pay attention to the degree of their moisture content not exceeding 22%.

For flooring, boards with a section of 40x150 mm are required, in the amount of (minimum) 20 pieces. OSB sheets are used as a finishing floor.
For vertical supports, bars with a section of 100x100 mm are needed, in the amount of 12 pieces, each of which is 2.5 m long. Two of these bars will be used as a doorway.

Wooden surfaces must be free of knots, cracks, mold and woodworm damage.

There are two ways to tilt the roof: in the first case, from 4 to 6 bars 50 cm long with a section of 100x100 cm are needed, in the second case, the supports on which the slope will be should initially be of a shorter length.
For the crate, you will need a board with a section of 22x100 mm, in the amount of 16–18 pieces.
For the draft ceiling, you can use plywood, chipboard, fiberboard or OSB sheets.
Nails are needed to fasten the bars at the corners in the “paw” method, and metal corners and planks are needed “to the floor of the tree”.

Nails are selected along a length greater than the thickness of the board so that they pierce it and enter the next one. Such a connection will be much stronger.

When working, you will also need self-tapping screws, screws, L-shaped metal plates to fix the timber in the corners.
In the case of insulating the frame of the barn, you may need a heat-insulating layer (polystyrene, mineral wool or foam), waterproofing (foamed polyethylene foil), vapor barrier (bitumen), roofing material, polyurethane foam.

Required Tools

To build a frame shed, you will need the following tools:

Shovel (for digging holes for a columnar foundation, it is better to use a screw shovel).
Yardstick.
Marking cord with coated thread.
Graphite marking pencil.
Construction level (it is more convenient to use from 50 to 200 cm).
Square and ruler.
Stationery knife (for cutting insulation).
Laser level (using this tool, a perfectly flat plane is determined).
Chisel.
Electric drill.
Circular saw (with its help it is convenient to cut boards of various lengths and sizes).
Cordless screwdriver (for attaching plywood, boards and OSB sheets to ceilings, walls and floors).
Electric planer (required when calibrating boards).
Screwdriver.
All-metal carpenter's hammer.
Sledgehammer (used when fitting boards).
Hand clamps (for clamping boards in different places).
Hacksaw for wood (for cutting grooves).
Construction stapler (for fastening waterproofing and vapor barrier with a wooden frame).
Carpenter's ax.
Construction slope.
Nails. For a frame shed, from 2 thousand to 4 thousand nails are needed. In this case, three types are used:

GOST 4028–63 Black and zinc construction nails. Zinc is used for outdoor work with wooden parts, and black for the installation of internal materials.
GOST 4029–63 Zinc nails for fixing roofing material and other sheet materials.
DIN 1152 Galvanized nails for fastening tongue-and-groove boards, front panels and finish surfaces.

Step-by-step instructions for building a frame shed with a pitched roof

When all the calculations have been made, the construction project is ready and the necessary materials have been purchased, you can proceed to the construction of a frame shed.

Foundation. Which one is better and how to do it

The basis for the frame is the foundation. For frame sheds and utility blocks, a tape, wooden or columnar foundation is most often used.

To protect the wooden frame of the barn from moisture, you can install a strip foundation. To do this, a concrete base is made 40–50 cm high. It is important to know that this type of foundation is not suitable for sedimentary and peat soil. In these cases, screw piles are used.

For a strip foundation, it is necessary to dig a trench around the perimeter, 30–40 cm deep and 40 cm wide. The bottom of the trench is covered with sand and compacted. As a result, a sand cushion 10 cm thick should be obtained. A waterproofing layer must be laid on the sand cushion, which will prevent the absorption of liquid concrete into the sand.

After that, a wooden or metal formwork structure is made. It should rise above the ground and be equal to the height of the base. For the strength of the formwork structure, it is fixed with spacers and clamps, and its upper part can be strengthened with props. Reinforcement 10-12 mm thick is laid on the waterproofing layer, which is connected with wire.

Formwork panels fix the cement substance before hardening

When the reinforcement frame is ready, it is poured with M200-250 concrete.

Concrete pouring should be done immediately for the entire perimeter. In order to avoid cracks during concrete hardening, it is not recommended to pour it in rainy weather or extreme heat,

Concrete hardens for about two weeks and gains about 70% strength by this time.

Tape shallow foundation suitable for small buildings

When erecting a wooden foundation, larch logs are used, about 300 mm thick, which are processed at least 2–3 times with bitumen.

Holes are dug in the ground with a depth of 150 cm and a diameter of 30–40 cm. Sand 10 cm thick is poured into the bottom of the hole and rammed. Each log from its base is covered with a waterproofing layer of 140–145 cm. The resulting wooden pile is placed in the ground. The gaps between the waterproofing and the wall of the hole are covered with earth. To more thoroughly compact the soil around the pile, it is watered and rammed. For reliability, you can fill the hole with concrete.

The use of wooden piles can be an alternative solution for installing a foundation

Most often, a columnar foundation is used in the construction of a frame barn. To do this, you need to mark it on the ground using a cord. Along the perimeter of the marking and in each of its corners, holes should be dug 30-40 cm deep.

With a stretched cord, the marking will be more accurate.

It is better to dig a hole with a depth of 70 cm or more, as this is below the freezing point. Sand is poured at the bottom to make a layer of 10-15 cm, which must be tamped. For reliability, you can pour a layer of gravel 10 cm thick. After that, a brick is laid, fastened with cement mortar. For a barn, laying of two bricks per layer is used. If the structure is larger, the columnar foundation is made of three or more bricks.

The most commonly used type of foundation in the construction of a frame shed

Brickwork must be treated with a bituminous waterproofing layer.

To ensure a level surface, all posts must be checked for level.

The space between the brickwork and the ground must be covered with sand or filled with a cement-sand mixture. An alternative to a columnar foundation made of brickwork are hollow concrete blocks measuring 400x200x200. The voids in the blocks are filled with cement mortar.

Video: foundation installation

Structure frame

Now you can start creating the frame of the barn. It is necessary to put two layers of roofing material on each brick pillar - to protect the lower part of the wooden frame from moisture.

After that, proceed to the installation of the lower trim. This requires a beam with a section size of 100x100 mm. Beams and logs are assembled from a bar 50x100 mm. The distance between them should not exceed 60 cm.

Beams and logs are connected with nails in the way "to the floor of a tree"

Vertical racks made of 100x100 mm timber are fixed to L-shaped metal joints or ordinary nails that need to be hammered obliquely. The distance between the beams should be no more than 1.5 m. For the stability of the structure, the beams are temporarily reinforced diagonally with boards 40x100 mm.

Vertical and top beams are fixed with l-shaped joints

The construction of a frame barn is carried out not only with the help of wooden beams. Its manufacture from a metal profile pipe is widely used.

The ease of assembly of this design attracts builders

This version of the material for the frame of the building has several advantages:

The profile base is assembled without dirt and debris in the yard.
Installation and dismantling of such a building will not take much time.
If necessary, a shed made of a metal profile is easy to move.
For such a design, a foundation is optional. It is enough to pour gravel on a flat area.
Reinforcement reinforcing the frame will help to withstand the weight of snow and resist gusts of strong wind.
Thanks to a variety of colors, a shed made of profile pipes has an aesthetic appearance.
The design with a metal frame is very practical, as it does not require the treatment of its parts and elements with antiseptic agents. It is enough to paint it once.

If the building will be subjected to increased loading pressure in the future, then the frame is built from more durable pipes. In this case, pipes with a wall thickness of 8 mm and a cross section of 100x100 mm are used for the lower trim and racks. For additional spacers, a profile with a section of 60x60 mm is used.

Particular attention should be paid when laying profiled logs under the subfloor. The distance between them should not be more than 60 cm. The lags are fixed to the lower harness by welding.

After that, they proceed to the installation of an interfloor ceiling, which is a frame structure made of a profile, as well as beams. From below, the ceiling sheathing is attached to these elements.

The final stage in the construction of a structure from a profile pipe is the assembly of the truss system. This structural element can be either integral or a separate part of the entire structure. The main bearing part of the roof is a powerful channel to which the rest of the elements are attached.

After carrying out all welding work, proceed to finishing.

Construction of the floor and walls (knots and jibs)

When building a foundation, you first need to make a draft floor. To do this, wooden logs are covered with OSB boards or plywood sheets with a thickness of 12 to 15 mm. Then the entire surface is covered with a waterproofing layer, on which a finishing floor is installed. It is convenient to use tongue-and-groove boards as this flooring. They have recesses and ridges on the edges, which are ideal for butt assembly. They are usually made from softwood. The resin contained in this wood makes it waterproof. Laying the floor with grooved boards is similar to installing laminate.

A tight connection of the boards is ensured by the protrusions and cutouts along the edges.

After that, you can proceed to the installation of the walls of the barn. In order for its structure to be strong and stand for a long time in the future, temporary and permanent jibs are cut into the frame.

Strengthening the racks with permanent and temporary jibs will provide additional strength in places of increased weight load

The jibs are used without fail if the walls are not sheathed with plywood or OSB-3. The use of slab sheathing is five times stronger than jib (if OSB or 12 mm plywood is used). As a jib, a board with a section of 25x100 mm or 50x100 mm is used when a more stable structure is required. The length of such a board should be 30 ° higher than the height of the wall. Temporary jibs are used until the upper joists are installed. They help to fix the given position of walls and vertical beams.

Before starting their installation, the corners of the structure are aligned. In this case, it is convenient to use a bubble or laser level. The installation step of temporary jibs is from 1.2 to 1.5 m. They will also help to correct structural defects if you use them as a lever.

When erecting the frame structure of the barn, it is important to provide for the correct fixing of the jibs and joints:

The jib angle should be 45° (this is the ideal angle for maximum structural rigidity). In those places of construction where it is difficult to withstand it, for example, windows and doors, 60 ° is allowed.
The use of hollow jibs is permissible only in small structures (sheds, outbuildings).
They should fit snugly (without cracks and gaps) to the surfaces of the uprights and the top floor.
For jibs, it is necessary to make grooves in vertical posts, upper and lower trim. The depth of the groove is made depending on the thickness of the jib. In a metal structure, they should go deep into the profile of the racks.
The joints of the beams at the corners of the frame are laid in the way "in the floor of the tree" or "in the paw". In the first case, 50x50 mm cuts are made on both sides of the log to half its thickness. In the second case, similar cuts are made, but with a bevel. If necessary, the junction of two bars is processed with a chisel.

Such connections are fixed with nails and l-shaped connections.

Floor insulation

You can insulate the floors of a frame shed with the following materials:

Mineral wool.

This method is very popular due to the ease of installation and relatively low price. Mineral wool is usually sold in packs of several slabs of 1000x600x50 mm or 1200x600x50 mm or in rolls. A waterproofing layer (glassine, roofing material or ordinary polyethylene film) is laid on the floors of the barn, on which a wooden crate of boards with a section of 10x120 mm and a step width of 60 cm is placed. Mineral wool slabs are placed in the resulting compartments. Before laying the wool, all wooden elements of the crate must be treated with antiseptic agents to prevent decay. For additional floor insulation, a double layer of such plates is used. During installation, the insulation must be below the level of the crate. Mineral wool must not be compacted, as it will lose its thermal insulation property. To prevent the cotton wool from getting wet, a layer of polyethylene is laid on top, fixed to the staples with a stapler. Then the entire surface is covered with tongue-and-groove boards, OSB sheets or plywood.

Styrofoam.

Floor insulation with this material is carried out along the logs. As in the case of mineral wool, a wooden crate is needed, under which a waterproofing layer is laid. The step width between the boards is about 60 cm. The thickness of the foam plates should be at least 10 cm. This material is very convenient, since it does not deform. Styrofoam is not afraid of fungus and mold. Styrofoam boards must be laid tightly. If gaps remain, they can be filled with foam. After it dries, sheets of plywood or tongue-and-groove boards are laid on top.

Expanded clay.

To insulate the floor of the shed with expanded clay, it is necessary to cover the lower formwork with waterproofing material, on top of which OSB boards are laid. Then a wooden crate of boards with a section of 10x150 mm is installed on this surface. Expanded clay is poured into each section of this structure. Its layer should not be less than 10–15 cm, since a smaller thickness will not give the desired warming effect. Expanded clay should be leveled so that it does not rise above the lathing bars. Then a vapor barrier layer is laid on top of: a diffuse membrane, a water-based bitumen-polymer cold emulsion, a polyethylene or polypropylene film. After that, OSB sheets are attached with self-tapping screws to the logs. A clean floor is laid on top.

Materials for floor insulation in a frame shed

This is an environmentally friendly material, the production of which does not use chemical additives This material is easy to give the desired shape Inexpensive and reliable way to insulate the floor

Wall insulation

To insulate the walls of a frame shed, mineral wool and extruded polystyrene foam (penoplex) are most often used.

Wall insulation with mineral wool.

Wall decoration with mineral wool is not much different from a similar method of floor insulation, but has its own nuances. From the inside of the barn, it is covered with a vapor barrier material (foiled polyethylene), on top of which plywood or OSB sheets are fixed. Outside, on mineral wool, perpendicular to the base, wooden sheathing from boards with a section of 20x40 mm can be installed. These boards serve as a ventilation gap to which the exterior trim is attached. Sometimes a layer of OSB sheets is installed in front of the waterproofing layer (exterior finish).

Penoplex.

To insulate the walls with this material, it is necessary to select plates with a thickness of at least 6 cm. As in the previous methods, a wooden crate is needed with a step of 60 cm, under which a waterproofing layer is placed. It is more convenient to fix penoplex plates on polyurethane glue (it is well compatible with polystyrene foam) or on metal anchors with plastic dowels. The joints of the plates are additionally fixed to the mounting foam or metal tape. The wall outside can be insulated with an additional layer of foam, on which an external finishing material is installed.

When the walls are fixed with anchors or dried glue, a vapor barrier material is placed on top. In this method of insulation, foamed foil polyethylene 3 mm thick is used. As a substitute, you can use a polyethylene foil film. A finishing layer is fixed on top.

Materials for insulating the walls of a frame shed

The light weight of cotton wool is convenient for installation. This material has a denser structure than foam

Video: all stages of construction

A frame shed on the territory of your household will always be convenient for storing inventory and old things. By equipping its premises as a workshop, you can do carpentry and repair work, while your yard will remain clean. Insulated walls, floors and roof will become comfortable conditions for keeping pets and birds in the cold season.

If your site does not have enough outbuildings for storing various utensils and necessary tools, then you can easily build a barn with a shed roof with your own hands. If many craftsmen do not have problems with the construction of walls and the arrangement of a lightweight base, then the situation with the roof is a little more complicated. That is why we will tell you in detail how to make a simple shed roof over a small outbuilding.

A shed roof on a barn with your own hands is good not only because it can be done on your own, but also in other positive aspects:

The minimum consumption of lumber and their availability is one of the main advantages of the design.
The speed and ease of construction are especially important when building a barn with your own hands.
The sloping roof of the hozblok perfectly resists wind loads. It is quite durable and reliable.
The light weight of the whole structure, so you can build a barn from blocks, bricks, wood and other suitable materials. Most often they make a frame shed, because it is quickly mounted.
Any suitable roofing materials, including the most inexpensive ones (roofing felt, galvanized roofing steel, profiled sheet), can be used as a cover for the shed's sloping roof.

Of course, the shed cover has its drawbacks, but they are more important for a private house, and not for an outbuilding. So, among the minuses one can name the fact that in such a barn you will not be able to equip the attic, as well as the low aesthetic performance of a pitched roof. However, it is safe to say that for a barn all these disadvantages do not matter, which is why many projects of temporary and outbuildings are carried out with a shed roof system.

Since the construction of a barn is usually planned to be carried out not from heavy-duty and massive materials, it is impractical and even dangerous to erect a heavy, complex roof structure on them. If you look at some of the drawings, then these buildings are often made frame. Moreover, the frame of the barn is made of ordinary timber. That is why a light shed roof on a barn with your own hands is the most suitable option.

Required Materials

We will look at how to make a shed roof using the example of a 3x6 m barn. It is easy to find a suitable barn drawing on the net or make it yourself. We will not describe the process of erecting walls and the foundation of a structure, but will consider in detail only how to build a shed roof for this utility block.

When choosing a building material, it is necessary to take into account the design features of the building. Below is a list of materials you will need:

for the manufacture of the rafter system and Mauerlat, you need to prepare a beam from coniferous wood, the moisture content of which is not higher than 15% (the optimal section of the rafter legs is 0.05x0.15 m, the installation step is 90 cm, the cross section of the Mauerlat beam should be 0.1x0.1 m) ;

Attention: all wooden elements of the roof frame must be protected from burning and decay by treating them with antiseptic impregnations and flame retardants.

fasteners (nails and screws);
if the length of the rafter legs is not enough to complete the roof overhangs, then you will need filly (this is a beam with a section of 0.05x0.12 m, which is attached to the rafter and forms the roof overhang);
waterproofing material (roofing material or polyethylene film);
boards for framing (it is better to take an unedged board 0.25 cm thick, moisture-resistant plywood or OSB is suitable for making a solid batten);
roofing.

If you plan to insulate the barn, then you will need thermal insulation material for the roof as well. As a roofing insulation, it is better to choose mineral wool. In this case, you will also need to purchase a vapor barrier membrane to protect the insulation from the accumulation of condensate and dampness.

Tip: instead of windows in the barn, you can make gables from translucent structures, for example, from polycarbonate. Gables are called triangular sections of the walls under the slopes.

Mounting sequence

We will not describe in detail how to properly make the walls of a 3x6 barn with a pitched roof. It is only worth noting that the two opposite longitudinal walls must be of different heights, which will provide the required roof slope.

The process of building a barn with a shed roof is as follows:

First of all, you need to install the Mauerlat. This beam will allow you to evenly distribute and transfer the load on the walls of the structure. Mauerlat, located on a higher wall, is called a ridge. Before laying the mauerlat on the concrete or brick walls of the building, they must be isolated from the beam with two layers of roofing material. Next, the horizontal beam itself is laid. Using a long drill, holes are drilled in the timber and walls. After that, anchors are inserted into the holes in the walls, on which the beam is fixed.
The installation of rafters is carried out in the following sequence:
1. the first to mount the rear or gable rafters;
2. after that, a rope is pulled between them, along which intermediate rafter legs are aligned and installed;
3. for laying the rafters in the Mauerlat beam, a wash is made (for its manufacture, you need to complete a template that will facilitate and speed up the further process);
4. we fasten the rafters to the Mauerlat with self-tapping screws or nails hammered in the cross direction;
5. now fillies can be attached to the rafter legs, if their installation was planned by you.

Let's start laying waterproofing. We roll the rolled material along the rafters along the lower overhang of the roof and fasten it to the legs with a stapler. We roll out the next strip above the first so that we get an overlap of 150 mm. The joints of the two strips are additionally glued with tape.
To fulfill the ventilation gap, which is needed to ventilate the under-roof space and protect the roofing from dampness, counter-battens are nailed to the rafter legs directly on top of the waterproofing carpet. For these purposes, you can take a bar 4 cm high.
After that, we perform the crate. For the manufacture of a sparse crate for a profiled sheet, ondulin, slate or metal tile, the boards must be nailed across the direction of the rafters in increments of 30-40 cm. Under a soft roof, wall profiled sheet or galvanized steel, it is better to make a continuous crate of moisture resistant plywood or OSB. At the same time, do not forget to make a gap between the sheets of material of 2-3 mm to compensate for thermal expansion.
Now you can lay the selected roofing material.
If you will insulate the roof, then the heat-insulating product is laid between the rafters on the inside of the structure. It is desirable that the width of the insulation be slightly larger than the step of the truss system. This will allow you to lay the thermal insulation tightly, without gaps and sagging.
In the case of roof insulation, be sure to use a vapor barrier membrane. It will protect the insulation from dampness, dust and moisture rising from the room. The vapor barrier is fixed with a stapler to the rafters, closing the insulation. In this case, it is necessary to overlap the strips and additionally glue the joint with a sealing tape.

The final step can be the installation of a drain, if you want to make it organized. By the way, this is not necessary for a barn. Such a building may also have an unorganized drain. But if the water from the roof flows onto the path or into the ground, and there is a lot of rain in the region, then an organized drainage system from the roof will protect the room from dampness. With unorganized drainage, the eaves overhang of the roof must be at least 550 mm.

It is well known that it is almost impossible to live without a barn in the country, since there is always a need to store various tools, building materials for the period of construction of the country house, equipment collected at the harvest site and much more. At the same time, the most popular format of such a structure is 3x6 m, and the most common architectural solution is a wooden building with a pitched roof.

Site selection and design

The barn is definitely an auxiliary building, therefore, during its construction, architectural delights are inappropriate, and it is not necessary that it somehow stand out in the overall landscape design.

Its most rational placement would be either its extension directly to the country house, or the construction of such a barn somewhere on the edge of the site. The place for its construction should be convenient, and the construction site is best organized where the soil is least suitable for planting.

A prerequisite should be the availability of a convenient entrance and approach to such a utility room, and it should be located from the place of the main summer cottage work in such a way that carrying tools, garden equipment and other massive items into it is accompanied by the least physical costs.

Any construction, even not very complex, should begin with a project. Dealing with such a question to professionals is quite expensive and impractical, but handwritten drawings and sketches will be very useful. Especially for calculating the amount of material and as a basis for technical solutions during construction, such a scheme is simply necessary.

Hiring professional builders for this work is also expensive and unreasonable, because such work, in fact, can be performed by every man who owns a minimum set of building skills. Therefore, the construction of the barn must be done by hand.

Main material

The most budgetary and technological option would be the construction of such a shed from OSB boards. This abbreviation stands for oriented strand board. The multilayer material consists of 3-4 sheets. It is made of aspen wood shavings glued together with resins with the addition of boric acid and synthetic wax filler.

Such slabs are used for wall cladding, as a removable formwork for concreting, continuous roof lathing, making floors and various supporting structural elements like I-beams.

This material has significant mechanical rigidity and a high level of sound absorption. It is distinguished by its ability to withstand snow loads and wind sail. All these qualities make it possible to use OSB-plates as a basis for various roofing materials.

frame barn

After marking, clearing and leveling the construction site, it is necessary to equip the foundation. The simplest solution would be to make it from foundation blocks laid out around the perimeter of the structure. You can build a columnar foundation. For this purpose, holes are dug, and a pillow is laid on their bottom for the installation of finished blocks in a vertical position.

Columns can be made of concrete. They should be buried by 0.4-0.5 m. Having marked the outline of the structure on the tape measure, they drive in pegs in the corners of the site and pull a rope between these stakes, after which they mark places for installing pillars.

Holes for them are dug with a shovel, or holes are made in the ground with a drill. Formwork is installed on top, rising 0.2-0.3 m above the surface. Then a gravel-sand cushion is arranged, reinforcement is constructed and pouring is performed.

Another option is a strip foundation made of concrete poured into the formwork. The disadvantage of this method is a very long wait for shrinkage and complete setting of the concrete mix. If desired, you can not be limited to a rectangular structure, but build a barn with a veranda, observing the overall dimensions of the building 6 x 3 m.

After work on the base is completed, the lower trim is assembled and treated with an antiseptic composition. A floor made of OSB or edged boards is laid on this strapping. The first frame rack is also installed here. It is fixed with a steel corner. To enhance the rigidity of the structure, a temporary strut is attached to the strapping.

After that, an OSB sheet is attached to the base and to the first rack. To the bottom of the frame, the sheets should be fastened with an indent of 5 cm. For this purpose, a bar is attached to the bottom trim, on which the OSB sheet is supported. This sheet is fixed by transferring this control bar further.

There, on the site, the upper timber trim is assembled, after which the entire structure is placed on racks and fixed, and then the truss structure is mounted, the crate is attached, and the shed is covered with corrugated board or some other roofing material.

Roof

Its construction is started at the end of the assembly of the frame. In this case, it is necessary to calculate the length of the rafters. For this purpose, the length of the double-sided overhangs, equal to 40–50 cm, is added to the distance between the walls.

Then proceed to the manufacture of the main rafter leg. To do this, a fragment of the required length is cut off from the board, a place is tried on and outlined for the fastening recesses, and the required number of rafters is made.

Rafter legs are mounted to the frame and connected to one another with a tight thread.

The installation of the remaining truss elements is carried out at a previously marked level. They are fixed with nails or a corner.

The waterproofing is fastened with a stapler with an overlap of 15 cm between the edges of the strip.

Then follows the device of the crate, cutting the roofing material and installing it on the outbuilding.

It should be borne in mind that the step between the individual rafters is 60–80 cm. Therefore, eight rafter legs are required for a 3x6 m barn.

The final stage is the painting of the structure, the manufacture of shelves, the supply of electricity and the manufacture of steps.

Thus, the construction of such a simple shed on its own is quite a feasible task. The only thing to keep in mind is the legally required setbacks from neighboring properties by 3 m and 5 m from the nearest road.

How to build a shed roof with your own hands, see the following video.

Barn with pitched roof- the necessary building on each summer cottage. It is used not only for storing garden tools. The barn is used to keep animals or organize a home workshop. The article contains information about the stages of work and a list of necessary materials.

Pros and cons of a shed roof

The advantages of this design are:

simplicity and ease of construction;
economy of construction;
quick installation even by a non-specialist;
good protection from rain and wind.

Disadvantages of a pitched shed roof:

the possibility of stalling in strong winds due to large windage;
lack of attic space;
unrepresentable appearance. Although, when using modern and beautiful finishing materials, this disadvantage can be ignored.

Choice of construction site

Having decided to build a barn on your site, you need to decide on the choice of location, size and design of the outbuilding. Based on the purpose - a mini-workshop, a room for storing firewood, inventory, keeping poultry - they choose a place for construction.

The future premises should:

Fit into the complex of existing or proposed outbuildings (garage, baths, gazebos, places for recreation).
Have easy access.
Do not occupy a place intended for growing horticultural crops.
Comply with health and fire safety standards.

The developer can decide on the first three points on his own.

According to the norms and rules of individual housing construction for the placement of sheds, there are certain requirements:

The room for "living creatures" should be located no closer than 4 m from the border of the neighboring site,
For other buildings, this distance is 1 m.
It is advisable to remove the dwelling for small livestock or poultry from housing by 15 m.

The barn can be made in the form of an extension - block it with a bathhouse, a garage or other outbuilding.

The simplest and most convenient solution for construction is the option frame shed or a barn made of brick or foam blocks with a shed roof. Rarely use cinder blocks.

Ready-made drawings of sheds with a shed roof

Shed roof device

The basis of a pitched roof is rafter system, based on opposite walls of different heights. The slope formed due to this prevents precipitation from accumulating.

If the top of the walls is at the same level, then on one of the walls a structure is created from vertical racks to increase the height or trusses are mounted in the form of a right-angled triangle (an option for a reinforced structure with a large span).

The truss system consists of elements:

From the sides, shed roofs limit the gables. Usually they are made of the same material as the walls, but they can also be translucent.

Overhangs are parts of the roof protruding beyond the walls, a kind of canopies that protect against precipitation. Their minimum width is 20 cm. If the rafters are not long enough, they are lengthened with special bars - “fillies”.

The most common dimensions of sheds with a shed roof in plan are 3x6, 3x4, 3x3, 4x2 m. With such dimensions, lumber is used very economically, since boards and beams are most often produced 6 m long. In addition, no additional elements are required to reinforce roof structures.

If the width of the building exceeds 4.5 m, for example, 5x11 m, it is necessary to provide for the installation of struts to avoid deflection of the rafter legs.

Calculation of the angle of inclination of a pitched roof

Before starting construction, it is necessary to draw up a detailed drawing with dimensions and calculate the need for materials. To determine the length of the rafter legs, you need to set the angle of the roof.

It is determined based on the following factors:

climatic conditions;
roofing material;
design decision.

Shed roof takes wind, snow loads, must be resistant to extreme loads, its windage is large. If there is little snow in the region, but strong winds blow, the angle of inclination should be made closer to the minimum. With a large amount of precipitation, it is increased in order to prevent snow, melt water and ice from accumulating on the roof.

It is important in which direction the slope of the barn roof slope will be. With the predominance of winds of a certain direction, it is necessary to orient the roof with a slope to the windward side so that gusts of wind cannot lift it and tear it off.

According to the Construction Norms and Rules, the angle of inclination can be in the range of 5-60.

Table: Minimum angle values.

Below these values, the angle of inclination cannot be made, this will adversely affect the operation of materials and leakage will occur.

Knowing the angle of inclination, it is possible to determine the difference in heights of opposite walls and the length of the rafter leg, taking into account the overhang, using trigonometric formulas:

height difference\u003d barn width x tg angle of inclination;
rafter length= width of shed / cos angle of inclination + 2 lengths of overhangs.

If the frame is already finished and the height of the walls is known, the length of the rafters is determined by the Pythagorean formula: rafter length\u003d width of the barn squared + height difference squared + 2 lengths of overhangs.

Building a barn - stages of work

The construction of a barn with a pitched roof includes:

foundation device;
frame assembly and floor installation;
installation of the truss system;
roofing device;
wall cladding;
installation of windows and doors;
exterior finish.

Before the construction of the barn, preparation is carried out:

clear the site of debris;
cut fertile soil for use in the garden;
level the surface.

Foundation device

The design of the foundation depends on the load transferred to it by the above-ground part of the structure, and the properties of the soils.

Sheds are built on the following types of foundations:

columnar;
tape;
pile.

It is advisable to mount light frame sheds on columnar foundations, heavier ones made of brick and foam blocks on strip foundations.

On clay heaving soils with a high level of groundwater, it is not recommended to erect columnar foundations, since the support may be extruded and collapsed.

In the presence of quicksand or on a peat bog, foundations are laid on screw piles.

The project of works on the construction of the foundation of the barn includes:

breakdown of the foundation plan;
excavation;
reinforcement of structures;
masonry or pouring concrete.

The breakdown of the plan of the foundation of the barn is carried out according to the drawing. Mark the position of the longest wall and one corner, then use the theodolite and tape measure to find the position of the remaining corners.

If there is no device:

First build the "Egyptian triangle" with sides 3x4x5 m.
Then measure the required distances and drive in temporary pegs.

You can use two rolls. Then the desired points will be the intersection of the roulette-diagonal and the roulette-side. The corners should be straight and the diagonals equal.

Earthworks are carried out in accordance with the selected foundation design:

Pits for columnar foundations and trenches for strip foundations they dig deeper than the freezing marks by 15-20 cm, pour in a mixture of sand and gravel and tamp.
The size of the holes for the posts must correspond to the selected material. The width of trenches for strip foundations is 25-40 cm.

The device of columnar foundations

The columnar foundation is made of building materials:

The installation of foundation pillars is obligatory in the corners of the outbuilding and after 1-1.5 m along the perimeter and indoors.

Column supports:

Reinforce - put inside a metal rod, a piece of pipe.
The foundations of pipes and tires are poured with concrete.
Supports made of clay bricks, foam blocks and other materials with a porous surface are treated on the outside with mastic or other means to protect against moisture.
The remaining gaps are covered with sand or filled with a cement-sand mortar.

For sheds, laying columns 2-3 bricks high is sufficient.

The device of strip foundations

To build a strip foundation above the ground:

A pile or screw foundation can be made with the help of a specialized organization that has the appropriate equipment.

Frame assembly

The simplest and most economical solution for building a barn is wood frame system.

Before assembling the frame, a layer of roofing material waterproofing is laid on the surface of the foundation columns or strip foundation. All wooden elements must be treated with antiseptic impregnation.

Installation scheme step by step:

Lower strapping device from a bar 100x100 mm or 150x150 mm.
Laying logs with support on the strapping beam and posts inside the barn.
Floor arrangement for ease of further installation.
Installation of vertical racks from a board 100x50 mm or a beam 50x50 mm in increments of 600-1000 mm.
Installation of the upper trim (100x50 mm) and reinforcing elements - jib (100x40 mm).
Arrangement of a doorway, if necessary - a window.

Fix the elements with nails, corners, self-tapping screws. Fasten the bottom trim to the foundation with studs. Verticality and horizontality to control the building level and plumb lines. The front struts should be higher than the rear ones by the amount necessary to create the slope of the barn roof.

Roof installation and shed roofing

The assembly of the truss system occurs as follows:

On opposite walls, a Mauerlat from a bar 100x100 mm is laid on top. In the frame structure, its role is played by the timber of the upper trim. When mounting a mauerlat on a wall made of blocks or bricks, roofing material waterproofing is required on top of the masonry. The beam is fixed in the wall with the help of anchors in specially drilled holes.
Rafters are mounted starting from the gables with a step equal to the step of the racks in the frame structure, and for bricks and blocks - 60-80 cm. In the frame structure, they simply fit on the top beam and are fixed. In brick buildings, special nests are cut out to support the rafters. Holes must be treated with protective equipment. Fasten with corners, cross-driven nails, self-tapping screws. Holes must be treated with protective equipment.
To the rafters with a construction stapler, waterproofing from roofing felt or overlapping film is attached. If a heater device is required, it is placed between the rafter legs, and protected from below with a film vapor barrier.
Lathing of laths or flooring of waterproof plywood is laid on the rafters. The pitch of the rails is determined based on the characteristics of the roofing material.
Roofing materials are laid on the crate or flooring and fixed in accordance with the instructions and styling features.

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