Diseases of tomatoes in the greenhouse and their control. How to recognize tomato diseases in a greenhouse - descriptions and photos of all types of diseases. Treatment of tomatoes from fungal diseases

The greenhouse protects the tomatoes from strong winds and rains, hail and low temperatures. However, a crop grown indoors is not protected from numerous diseases, most of which are caused by fungi.

On this page of our website for you will find the most common greenhouse tomato diseases

Common diseases of tomatoes in the greenhouse - description, photo, treatment

If the greenhouse, soil and working equipment were poorly disinfected, or pathogenic microorganisms or viruses got inside during ventilation, then the closed space and high humidity will contribute to their very rapid spread. Therefore, it is important to immediately recognize the disease.

late blight

Description of the disease
Late blight can rightly be called the most common disease of tomatoes, wherever they grow. Once in the greenhouse, the fungus spreads rapidly and affects all parts of the tomato bush with brown spots. The fruits also deteriorate from the inside, and the leaves from the inside are covered with a light white bloom.

Late blight treatment
As a preventive measure, three weeks after planting, seedlings in the greenhouse can be sprayed with a solution of the Barrier preparation, and then after the same time with a Barrier solution. At the initial stage of development, spraying tomatoes in a greenhouse with a solution of table salt (10%) will help. "Oxyhom" is used as a prophylactic and therapeutic drug (at the first signs of the disease).

During flowering and fruit set, it is effective to spray tomatoes with this composition: a glass of chopped garlic + 1 g of potassium permanganate + a bucket of water. Consumption: 500 mg / 1 sq. m. Every two weeks from the moment the first signs of the disease appear, you can spray the tomatoes in the greenhouse with a solution of polychlorine or copper oxychloride (20 g / 10 l).

Mosaic

The manifestation of the disease
The reason for the development of mosaics on tomatoes is a virus. Its effect is manifested by the deformation of the leaves and the appearance of a mosaic pattern of light and dark green spots on them. As a result, the plant dries up completely, having managed to give, at best, a small amount of edible fruits.

Mosaic treatment
Getting rid of a progressive disease is very difficult. If the lesions are single, then the diseased plants should be destroyed, and healthy bushes should be sprayed with a 10% solution of whey and fertilizers. In case of mass damage, it is better to transplant tomatoes to another place, and completely replace the top 10-15 cm of soil.

Gray rot

Short description
Fungal disease, the development of which is promoted by cold and high humidity. All parts of the plant are covered with rounded rotting spots of various colors. Over time, they increase, and gray mold appears on them.

Gray mold treatment
All diseased parts of the plant should be removed, the rest should be sprayed with the Barrier or Barrier preparation. It is also necessary to increase the temperature in the greenhouse and lower the humidity.

brown spot

Signs of illness
A very common fungal disease of tomatoes growing in a greenhouse. The first sign is the appearance of a gray coating on the back of the leaves. Then the leaves dry out and the plant dies completely.

Brown spot treatment
Most often, "Barrier" and "Barrier" are used with an interval of 5 ... 6 days. It is necessary to control that the temperature in the greenhouse does not drop too much, and also reduce humidity by ventilation.

Blossom rot

Description of the disease
Manifested by dark depressed spots on the tops of the fruit. This is a non-communicable disease. It occurs due to low calcium content in the soil, high nitrogen content or lack of moisture.

Top rot treatment
So that the foci of the disease do not spread, you need to establish regular watering of tomatoes in the greenhouse. The affected fruits should be destroyed, and the plants should be sprayed with a solution of calcium nitrate (1 tablespoon / bucket). It is necessary to stop nitrogen supplements, as well as potassium and magnesium, which remove calcium.

Brown rot / phomosis

a brief description of
This fungal disease of tomatoes has a peculiarity - only the fruits are affected. On ripe or green tomatoes, a brown spot forms near the stalk, which penetrates into the fruit. Green fruits usually break off from the stalk before they have time to ripen.

brown rot treatment tomatoes
The spread of the disease in the greenhouse is very fast, so you need to act quickly. To help gardeners and farmers, effective preparations "Barrier" and "Fundazol" were provided. All spoiled fruits must be destroyed. The nitrogen fertilization scheme should be stopped.

root rot

Description of the disease
Caused by several varieties of fungi. Their action leads to rotting of the roots, and then the destruction of the entire plant.

Photo of root rot of tomatoes

Treatment of root rot

Affected plants can no longer be helped, so they must be completely removed along with the earth surrounding them. To stop the spread of fungus spores, reduce watering and reduce air humidity.

Prevention of diseases of tomatoes in the greenhouse

The treatment of this or that disease of tomatoes is not always successful, and some methods lead to the fact that the fruits become more harmful than useful. In view of this, the best recommendation in this matter is to strive to prevent infection. Here are the main methods for preventing tomato disease in a greenhouse:
Thoroughly disinfect the greenhouse, soil, tools and seeds before planting.
Annually replace the top layer of soil (5-15 cm).
Observe crop rotation.
Use the correct composition of the soil - slightly acidic, light and loose.
Do not overmoisten the soil and air in the greenhouse.
Make sure that the temperature does not drop to critical levels; do not pour cold water.
Do not thicken the planting, fight weeds in a timely manner.
Do not increase the dose of dressings.

Tomato is one of the most popular vegetables. It has gained recognition due to its bright taste, wide vitamin-mineral complex, versatility of use. Therefore, in almost every area, today, you can find one or more varieties of this vegetable. But growing a tomato in greenhouses is not so easy: the culture is prone to many diseases, upon detection of which it is necessary to act immediately. What diseases and pests can cause significant harm to a tomato and how to save seedlings - read below!

Any disease is better to prevent than to cure. To protect seedlings, you should know why certain diseases occur. So, most often, diseases affect plants because seeds for seedlings have not undergone proper pre-sowing treatment (treatment, disinfection, hardening).

Before sowing, tomato seeds must be carefully selected, treated with solutions of potassium permanganate, hydrochloric acid.

Often, tomato diseases are associated with a violation of plant cultivation conditions: high humidity and temperature, which are an ideal environment for the development of pathogens, and proximity to potentially dangerous crops. With a lack of moisture, tomatoes shed all their flowers and small fruits, the stems become yellowish, and can curl.

For planting in a polycarbonate greenhouse, it is important to choose hybrid tomato varieties: they have genes that are resistant to the most common greenhouse tomato diseases, tolerate a lack of moisture well, and some are able to tie even in extreme heat.

Tomatoes can suffer from planting on unsuitable soil. It should be remembered that tomatoes can be planted on the same soil where nightshade (potatoes, peppers) used to grow no earlier than a few years later. The best predecessors for tomatoes will be perennial grasses, annual wheat, and legumes. In addition, the cause of the development of gray rot can be acidic soils in the greenhouse.

Protecting seedlings from damage by fungal and viral diseases includes replacing the soil in the greenhouse, tillage.

Also, tomatoes get sick due to improper or excessive fertilization: an abundance of fertilizer in the soil can lead to twisting of plant leaves “into a tube”. In addition, plants can begin to “fatten”: direct all the nutrients to the thickening and development of the stem, the growth of shoots, and not fruits. The lack of nutrients in the soil (for example, potassium) can lead to the fact that the plants will produce tasteless fruits.

Dangerous diseases of tomatoes in the greenhouse and their treatment

What to do if the tomatoes, despite all the precautions, get sick? First, you should study the symptoms, and determine the type of disease. Next - proceed to the immediate resuscitation of seedlings: many diseases can be successfully cured at the initial stage without significant losses.

The following common diseases of tomatoes in protected ground are distinguished:

1. Fusarium or Fusarium wilt. The disease affects fruits, stems and leaves, and even flowers of tomatoes, it can completely destroy all seedlings in just 2-4 days. For the treatment of Fusarium, fungicides should be used, the affected plants are removed.
2. late blight. The disease affects green fruits, leaves and stems. Late blight is treated with an aqueous solution of calcium chloride (1%), Bordeaux mixture.
3. Anthraciasis. When the disease occurs, watery spots form on the fruit, which darken over time. Vegetables become bitter and lose their attractive appearance. Treatment involves the removal of affected plants, the use of fungicides against tomato blotches.

Cladosporiosis, mold, rot are treated using a whole range of phytosanitary, agrotechnical and chemical methods: crop rotation, collection and destruction of affected plants, maintaining the optimal level of humidity and temperature 70%), spraying plants with the same fungicides as against phytophthora.

The fight against diseases of a tomato greenhouse with improvised means

The fight against diseases of tomatoes is possible not only with the help of chemical compounds: in the initial stages of diseases, improvised means give a good result.

So, most often, gardeners resort to the treatment of tomatoes with the help of:

1. Garlic tincture. This tool helps to fight fusarium. The solution is prepared as follows: 100 grams of the plant is crushed and poured with a bucket of water, left for 24 hours, after which a gram of potassium salt of permanganic acid is added to the tincture.
2. Skimmed milk and urea. Such a tool is used to treat plants affected by the tobacco mosaic virus. To prepare the composition, milk is diluted with water 1:10, after which a teaspoon of urea is added to the solution. Sick bushes are watered with a solution once a day.

Gardeners in the southern regions in the summer may face such a problem as overheating of plants. At elevated temperatures (35-40 ° C), tomato pollen becomes sterile, and leaves, flowers, ovaries and buds fall off, while the fruits disappear (white, burn spots, cracks appear on them).

You can reanimate tomatoes that have “burned out” by adjusting the temperature in the greenhouse and saturating the air in the greenhouse with carbon dioxide. This can be done using dry ice (10-20 grams per cubic meter), a container filled up to half with fermentable manure and water.

Who eats tomatoes in the greenhouse

The quality and quantity of the tomato crop is also affected by pests that often remain overwintering in greenhouses. If the tomatoes in the greenhouse began to fade, and holes appeared in the fruits that rot, then pests came into the greenhouse.

The most common, dangerous pests that eat tomatoes:

1. whitefly. The white midge is dangerous because of its high population. You can fight the pest with the help of chemicals, smoke and sulfur bombs, planting umbellate plants that attract whitefly-eating insects.
2. Medvedka eats mainly tomato roots and the lower part of the stem. The insect is removed by chemical treatments, the smell of kerosene and a bite, and planting chrysanthemums in a greenhouse.

From the outside, the fruit is usually gnawed by a snail or slug. You can fight them with the help of the drug "Slug-eater". Often tomatoes are eaten by a caterpillar, whose population dies with the onset of cold weather (autumn period). However, the pest can affect fruit quality and yield.

Caterpillars on tomatoes in a greenhouse

The scoop caterpillar is a dangerous, voracious pest of tomatoes. The development of the insect coincides with the fruiting period of tomatoes. You can determine the presence of a pest in a greenhouse by perforated fruits.

Cutworm caterpillars eat tomato fruits, which can lead to rotting of vegetables.

They fight with the scoop with the help of such means as “Citkor”, “Leptocyte”. They are applied before the plants are set, in early June. After - the use of chemicals is not recommended. At the same time, damaged plants must be removed and burned without fail in order to destroy insect pupae.

As a preventive measure for the appearance of scoops, you should always remove plant debris from the greenhouse after harvesting (this will deprive the scoop of food and stop its reproduction), tillage.

Common tomato diseases in the greenhouse and their treatment (video)

Growing tomatoes is a rather complicated process, which involves not only organizing the most optimal conditions for plants in the greenhouse and careful care of tomato bushes, but also, in which case, treating seedlings from viral and fungal diseases, pests. Today, there are many diseases that can destroy all seedlings in a matter of days. Knowing how this or that disease differs, what measures to treat tomatoes should be taken, you can save the crop, saving your strength and time for planting new plants!

Growing tomatoes in a greenhouse allows you to create protection for plants from frost, drying out of the soil and adverse weather conditions. However, diseases can also overtake tomatoes in a greenhouse environment, and if the temperature regime or irrigation is violated, on the contrary, it provokes the reproduction of harmful microorganisms and pests.

Why diseases can occur in a greenhouse and how to treat seedlings so that the leaves do not twist? The spores can easily survive the winter in plant debris or directly in the soil. The disease can also develop as a result of using unverified seeds for sowing that are already infected. Insects also contribute to the spread of disease.

The danger lies in wait for young tomato shoots at each stage of growth, and in the case of tomatoes, the situation is complicated by the rapid onset of the flowering period, when the use of chemicals is no longer recommended. It is impossible to sit idly by, after planting seedlings in a polycarbonate greenhouse, it is necessary to plan preventive measures using folk methods. Among the most famous and simple means:

• wood ash;
• dolomite flour;
• crushed quicklime

Onion peel helps with fungus and late blight Crushed quicklime Wood ash Garlic against fungus Dolomite flour

To prevent the disease, the usual products that are in every kitchen are suitable:

• milk (against phytophthora);
• garlic (for fungal infections);
• salt (from phytophthora);
• onion peel (from fungus and phytophthora).

When choosing tomato varieties, preference should be given to plants resistant to fungal diseases.

The most common tomato disease caused by the development of a fungus. Fungal spores awaken with high humidity. If good air circulation is available in the open field, then in the greenhouse it is very difficult to avoid dampness and a sick environment is created. In addition, a concomitant factor of the disease is the temperature difference, which is typical for the spring period, when the difference between night and day is over 10-15 degrees.

Signs of the disease:

• dark brown and brown spots on the leaves;
• fruits affected by spots;
• drying and curling of foliage.

As a preventive measure, it is appropriate to equip the greenhouse with a drip irrigation system. You can get by with the simplest invention from plastic bottles. Having cut off their bottom, you need to install a container with a neck into the ground near the root zone (toward the roots). By irrigating in this way, the evaporation of moisture is practically eliminated, which means that the humidity level is easier to maintain at the desired level.

Phytophthora on tomato leaves Phytophthora fruits Phytosporin - an effective remedy against late blight

Weekly spraying of beds with whey also prevents the development of fungi, lactic acid acts as a deterrent.

In addition to folk methods, special preparations are used:

• Barrier;
• Phytosporin;
• Barrier.

Brown leaf spot

A disease characteristic of greenhouse plants. You can recognize it by the yellow rounded growing spots that form first on the lower sheets of tomatoes. On the reverse side of the affected foliage, a brown velvety coating (fungal spores) is observed.

A little later, the greens dry out and curl, and after a while the plant dries up. Often the disease manifests itself during flowering and fruiting. With high humidity up to 95% and insufficient illumination, brown spotting proceeds very intensively. If primary symptoms are detected, it is recommended to immediately treat the plants with Bordeaux mixture or Zaslon, Barrier preparations.

Mosaic on tomato leaves

A viral disease, the danger of which lies in the absence of treatment. Therefore, it is important to pay special attention to prevention. The affected plant is recognizable simply by its mosaic coloring, the leaves are covered with light and dark green spots, which increase intensively, uniting into large islands. When identifying the first signs, it is recommended to remove the bush and dispose of it. It is desirable to disinfect the landing site with a special solution.

The cause of the disease often lies in the use of infected seeds or planting seedlings on infected soil.

fruit cracking

Cracks in the fruits of tomatoes are often formed as a result of a violation of the irrigation regime. But this is not the only reason. Cracking can be provoked by the excessive introduction of nitrogen-containing fertilizers into the soil and the improper use of pollination stimulants. Before using any formulations for the garden and garden, you must carefully study the instructions and do not violate the recommended dosage of the product.

Tomatoes grown in a greenhouse are susceptible to rot. The disease can be of several types, which differ, first of all, in the affected area of ​​the plant.

Gray rot Brown rot Root rot Top rot

• Root rot develops mainly due to improper soil preparation in the greenhouse. This may be an excess of poorly rotted manure, too wet soil, poor or no drainage.
• Blossom end rot is recognized by characteristic spots on the fruit (the disease does not affect the tops). It provokes the formation of deformations and spotting of tomatoes, mainly a violation of agricultural technology (improper watering, an overdose of nitrogen fertilizers, etc.).
• Gray rot is recognized by brown wet spots on the stem and foliage. An ash-gray coating indicates sporulation. The disease develops as a result of poor ventilation in the greenhouse with an increased level of humidity.
• Brown rot affects areas near the stalk and fruits. A small spot may be visible on the surface of the tomato, but almost the entire core is rotten. Fresh manure is considered the main provocateur of the disease, so it is not recommended as a fertilizer for a greenhouse.

As a preventive measure, regular spraying of the beds with infusion of garlic should be carried out, as well as dusted with wood ash.

It is most often possible to detect the first signs of the disease during the flowering period. Light green spots appear on the upper side of the leaf, acquiring a yellowish-white color over time. Affected leaves first turn yellow, dry out, curl up, and then die off.

Control measures:

• disinfection of greenhouses;
• soil replacement (remove a layer of at least 30 cm);
• regulation of air humidity in the greenhouse by regular ventilation;
• seed dressing;
• spraying the beds when the first signs are detected with a suspension of cineb or other preparations.

Dry spotting is easy to identify by elongated brown spots on leaves, stem, cuttings, stalk. The fruits are covered with depressed brown spots. The main provocateur of the disease is high humidity and poor ventilation. At low temperatures, the intensity of the development of macrosporiosis increases.

Macrosporiosis of tomatoes

If most of the bush is covered with spots, it makes no sense to save it. The faster the fungal spores are removed, the less likely the fungal infection is to spread to healthy plants.

Of the preparations, it is effective to use the Bordeaux mixture.

Many inexperienced gardeners are concerned about the question of what measures should be taken so that diseases do not affect tomatoes? An effective protective base is built on prevention, which includes:

• compliance with the rules of crop rotation (one crop cannot be planted annually in one place, predecessors are also carefully selected);
• autumn digging of the site (preferably just before frost, so that the larvae and spores freeze out);
• thorough cleaning of the garden at the end of the season (plant residues become a winter refuge for harmful microorganisms);
• soil disinfection before planting;
• disinfection of greenhouse surfaces at the end of the season and in spring;
• replacement of the soil layer (performed periodically to renew the land or after diseases);
• treatment of plants with preparations of biological origin (Baileton, Actellik, Farmaid-3, etc.).

Equally important is the use of proven seeds as seed material. Otherwise, a disinfection procedure is indispensable.

Thanks to greenhouse cultivation, you can start harvesting a few weeks earlier than when growing a tomato in the open field. There are no difficulties in technology, you just have to follow the generally accepted rules. Then you can enjoy plenty of tomatoes in the summer and make preparations for the winter.

Those who grow tomatoes experience their diseases from time to time due to insufficient or excessive plant nutrition or for other reasons. If you do not deal with these problems, the plant may die or the yield will decrease significantly. Today we will consider why tomatoes can get sick, how they look at the same time, how to prevent diseases.

What makes tomatoes sick?

In order to prevent the disease, you need to know what to deal with and what not to do when caring for tomatoes.

Plants get sick in various reasons:

1. Fungal infection.
2. Harmful bacteria.
3. Virus infection.
4. Damage due to solar activity.
5. Temperature regime.
6. Soil moisture
7. The activity of insects (bear, butterflies, beetles).

If this happened due to the human factor, then it is enough just to change the approach to caring for plants. For the prevention of everything else, an integrated approach is required.

Disease prevention

With proper care and disease prevention, tomatoes bring a large and tasty harvest, and their fruits contain so many useful vitamins and minerals that no effort will seem wasted.

What you need to take care of when growing tomatoes:

1. On the balance of nutrients in fertilizers.
2. Be careful when handling them. Broken branches can cause disease.
3. The use of mulch will improve soil properties and protect it from drying out.
4. Determining the most suitable time for planting the plant will save tomatoes from hypothermia.
5. To choose the most stable and tasty variety, it is better to experiment, plant several species at once.
6. Tomatoes are best planted in a greenhouse or greenhouse, this will protect the plants from adverse weather conditions.
7. We must not forget about the distance between the tomatoes, they must be planted at least 50 centimeters apart, so that they do not take away the necessary minerals and vitamins from the “neighbors”.

Save from insect pests mineral fertilizers.

Medvedka

In order for the bear to not interfere with the cultivation of tomatoes and other cultivated plants, you need to use hot pepper diluted with water, which must be poured into the mink of the bear.

If, a few days before planting, you bury raw peelings of any vegetables, and after a while they dig and burn them along with what has stuck to them, you can get rid of beetle larvae. When digging the beds, you should also not forget to destroy them.

How can you tell if a tomato is sick? The color changes to non-standard in leaves and fruits, the nature of growth changes.

How to determine the lack of minerals in the diet?

If there is a lack of nutrients such as phosphorus, potassium, zinc, nitrogen, magnesium, molybdenum, then the lower leaves will have deviations from the norm.

The leaves are small and pale - this means that there is not enough nitrogen.

And if, on the contrary, they are thick and large, it means that there is an excess of nitrogen fertilizer, which is also not a positive thing, since all the forces of the plant will go into the growth of shoots and no fruits are formed.

Each of the minerals performs a specific function for the plant:

• phosphorus is responsible for frost resistance and development of the root system,
• potassium - for disease resistance, plant growth and water use,
• zinc - for the growth and resistance of crops,
• magnesium - for productivity,
• molybdenum - for the neutralization of nitrates.

If problems first appeared on the upper leaves, then the plant lacks calcium, sulfur, iron, and chlorine.

With a lack of calcium, the leaves become faded, and the flowers fall off, the fruit darkens on top.

The result of a lack of sulfur is a decrease in photosynthesis, that is, the leaves do not have enough nutrition for development.

With a lack of iron, the leaves turn yellow, and the flowers lag behind in growth.

Chlorine regulates the absorption of nitrates, thanks to which the plant fights against viral and fungal diseases.

The leaves turned yellow, what is causing this?

If the yellowness starts from the middle of the leaf, and then its pigmentation changes completely to yellow, this means that the tomatoes lack potassium. Its deficiency can be filled with any potash fertilizer or ash. To do this, dilute 200 grams of ash in 10 liters. water, you can water half a liter at a time.

Also, the yellow color may be affected by the irregularity of the removal of old leaves.

Fungal infectious diseases of tomatoes and their treatment

Fungal diseases that are practically incurable are very common. Prerequisites for fungal infection are a number of factors, such as:

• low temperature,
• high humidity,
• improper care of tomatoes.

late blight

The color changes to brown, first on the leaves, then on the shoots and fruits - all this is a sign of late blight. The disease can destroy a significant part of the crop, so that this does not happen, use the Barrier or Barrier preparations, diluting them in 10 liters. water.

And to avoid this disease, it is necessary to carry out prevention. Limiting the humidity in the air can help. For example, you can water through a plastic bottle dug into the ground, after watering, cover the container with something.

You can also spray garlic tincture with potassium permanganate (for it you need to use 10 liters of water, a head of garlic and 1 gram of potassium permanganate) or use a solution with table salt.

In addition, phytophthora is very fond of lime-produced soils, which summer residents specially create, fearing soil oxidation.

As with all living things, immunity for a plant plays a very important role. With a lack of trace elements such as potassium, iodine, manganese, copper, tomatoes weaken, and the possibility of infection increases.

Alternaria or macrosporiosis

Alternariosis is otherwise called dry spot due to the appearance of spots on the leaves and on the fruits. Their size can reach several centimeters and in any weather they will be dry. The leaves turn yellow. A distinctive feature of this disease is a black coating on the spots.

In humid and warm weather, macrosporiosis develops very quickly.

Early maturing varieties of tomatoes are more often infected.

To prevent this disease, tomatoes should be planted in beds where legumes, onions, and grass used to grow.

In no case should potatoes and tomatoes be planted nearby, macrosporiosis can spread from potatoes. Just like you can not plant tomatoes in the same place for 3 years. Also, for prevention, tomatoes should be sprayed with Bordeaux liquid or copper oxychloride. And to destroy the disease, Ridomil Gold MC and Metaxil are used.

Zinc-containing fungicides are often used to control this disease. Tomatoes are sprayed with this remedy three times a year. Be sure to use when detected and need to be repeated after two weeks. But it is better to process these preparations before the appearance of fruits, after their appearance, one should switch to more gentle biological preparations, for example, Fitosporin.

Anthracnose

The external differences of this disease include depressed spots on the fruits or wilted upper leaves. The infection usually manifests itself at the end of the summer season.

Sources of infection can serve as last year's remains of plants, manure, seeds.

Hybrids resistant to anthracnose have been bred, these include: Shelf F1, Longf and Life F1.

For prevention, seeds are soaked in immunocytophyte or Agate-25, and tomatoes are treated with Quadris, Flint or Strobi. To destroy the disease, preparations based on hay sticks are used.

Septoria or white leaf spot

This disease can cut the harvest in half. It first affects the old leaves below. The leaves turn brown, curl and dry. Spots with septoria are watery white with a brown edge. On the spots, you can see the pycnidia of the fungus, which look like dark dots. The disease is spread by pycnospores, which are carried by rain, wind or humans, infecting healthy plants.

Rainy weather favors the development of the infection. And the source of the problem is the remains of diseased plants.

Fungicides, Bordeaux liquid and copper oxychloride can also be used to treat the disease.

The following varieties of tomato are the least susceptible to septoria: Amiko, Ballada, Khoriv, ​​Worthy, Joker, Odeta and others.

Cladosporiosis

Cladosporiosis is an olive leaf spot that first appears as yellowish-brown spots, then changing its color to a reddish-brown tint.

In the prevention of this disease, it is necessary to remove old leaves in a timely manner and disinfect the soil before planting and constantly ventilate greenhouses.

Like all fungal diseases, moisture contributes to the development of cladosporiosis, therefore, at the first manifestations, it is worth limiting watering.

When choosing a plant resistant to cladosporiosis, you should pay attention to F1 Atletika and F1 Semko.

Gray rot

Gray plaque is the hallmark of this disease. Spreading along the stem, the disease causes a stop in the flow of water and, as a result, the necrosis of plant tissues.

Injured stems of tomatoes contribute to infection, therefore, when caring for a plant, you should be careful and try not to damage it. If you need to cut the branches, then you need to do it in dry weather with a sharp knife.

The fungus can come from cucumbers, lettuces, and other crops.

In relation to resistance against gray rot, hybrids have not been bred.

However, you can save the crop when using Euparen multi and Bayleton.

The fungal infection begins with the lower leaves, which become watery and discolor. Everything is covered in white. Infection begins from the ground, from where the disease penetrates the lower part of the plant. Therefore, the main method of dealing with white rot is the destruction of all residues and disinfection.

In the prevention and strengthening of the immunity of tomatoes, copper sulfate, urea and zinc, dissolved in 10 liters, should be used. water.

The spot is formed in fruits around the stalk and is 3-4 cm in size. The spread of the disease inside the fetus is much greater than it looks from the outside. The fungus gets inside due to mechanical damage to the surface of the tomato, which can be caused by wind or rain.

For prevention, treatment with copper chloride and Bordeaux mixture should be carried out. And rotten fruits must be removed immediately.

powdery mildew

Here are the rules that must be followed so that the tomatoes do not become infected:

1. You can water only after the top layer of the earth dries. But in no case should you overdry it.
2. Old leaves must be removed.
3. Keep your distance when planting.
4. Reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizers and add phosphorus-potassium. If the plant is infected, then it is not necessary to fertilize at all.

If, nevertheless, it was not possible to avoid the problem, all affected areas should be cut off and destroyed.

At the initial stages, the following solutions can be used: based on potassium permanganate, with soda and liquid soap, using dry mustard, ash, garlic, horsetail or copper sulfate.

The following drugs can be used for treatment: Fundazol, Topaz, Skor, Vitaros and Previkur.

Root rot or black leg

Root rot and blackleg are two names for the same fungal disease that begins with waterlogging or oversaturation of soil with fertilizers, lack of soil disinfection before planting or contaminated tools, gloves ...

With this disease, the roots and stalk first turn black, and then the roots and stalk rot. It is also characterized by lethargy of the plant, brown spots and drying of the leaves.

If one plant is infected so far, then it is better to remove it so as not to risk the entire crop.

For prevention, you can use the drugs Pseudobacterin-2 and Ross, as well as a solution of copper sulphate.

Seeds should be treated with fungicides before sowing. It is better to plant in beds after peas or sunflowers.

Video about the treatment of brown spot and late blight in the greenhouse

Bacterial diseases of tomatoes

Bacteria perfectly adapt to different environmental factors. Therefore, bacterial diseases are widespread. In greenhouses and hotbeds there are a lot of favorable conditions for infection with them.

You can recognize bacterial wilt by the rapid withering of the tomato and the rotting of the core of the stem. In the later stages, stripes can be seen on the stem, and if it is cut, rings from the affected vessels will appear before the eyes.

In order to avoid infection, it is necessary to properly water the plant without getting on it.

Diseased plants are destroyed, and for neighboring tomatoes, prophylaxis is carried out using Fitolavin-300 solution.

Necrosis is characterized by spots on the leaves, visible only in bright light, stripes and aerial roots on the stem, and cracks appear in the lower part.

Prevention is the destruction of residues, dressing seeds and spraying plants. If the plant is sick, then it should be removed along with the land adjacent to it.

Virus diseases of tomatoes

Such diseases cannot be cured, they can only be prevented. But it is difficult to protect tomatoes from all viruses at once. Therefore, choosing which tomato you want to plant, you need to focus on resistance to various diseases.

If the affected plants prevail on the site, then it makes no sense to get rid of them, it remains only to continue to care for them.

Mosaic

The virus is carried by aphids, seeds and plant debris. Often infection occurs through damage to the stems.

Mosaic appears in stripes on fruits and leaves, yellow or brown spots, twisting of leaves and their death.

The virus is very tenacious and tolerates even high temperatures, up to 90 degrees. Seeds before planting should be treated in solutions of potassium permanganate or trisodium phosphate.

Disease-resistant hybrids: Anyuta, President, Belle, Sors, ​​Semko ...

The virus is carried by the greenhouse whitefly (a small white butterfly).

Infection is expressed by a change in the size of the leaves, they become small and faded, wrinkled. The fruits are also shrinking.

There are no hybrids for this disease. The only way to combat the disease is to destroy pests, for this you can use solutions (garlic, yarrow, tobacco, dandelion) or fumigators and traps.

Non-infectious diseases of tomato

Such diseases occur as a result of adverse weather conditions or due to improper care of tomatoes.

Blossom rot

Blossom rot looks like a brown flat spot formed on the bottom of the fruit. Where rot has formed, fungi can appear. But this disease itself is not fungal.

The reasons for the appearance are heat and a small amount of moisture, salinity of the soil, lack or excess of calcium.

This year she herself faced such a misfortune on tomatoes. The summer was very hot. There were almost no such fruits in the fertilized bed - only 1 bush. And on the poorer beds, a lot of bushes suffered. Especially Königsberg is pink.

Thus, to avoid disease, the plant is watered and fertilized.

fruit cracking

The reason for cracking the skin can be temperature fluctuations at different times of the day, lack of watering, dry and hot weather. The choice of tomato variety can also affect. For example, hybrids with dense tough skins are more prone to this deformation.

After the pinching procedure, tomatoes may crack under the pressure of water coming from the roots, due to the loss of part of the evaporating surface.

Yellow or green spot on the stem

This phenomenon does not occur on all fruits, this happens as a result of a lack of potassium and phosphorus, an excess of the sun. The tomato becomes inedible. In order to avoid this problem, the greenhouse should be darkened during the appearance of fruits, and it must be ventilated in the heat, and do not forget about top dressing.

Silver spots on tomato leaves

If incomprehensible silver spots appear on the plant, then do not worry, because this is just a physiological deviation of the plant, caused by genetic changes or temperature differences between night and day.

Oedema (edema) - swelling of the leaves

Edema looks like a growth on the bottom and top of the leaf, resulting from an excess of moisture when the soil is warmer than the air. Over time, these raised spots lead to tears.

In order to normalize the humidity, you should ventilate more often or increase access to the sun.

Soil phytotoxicity

Soil phytotoxicity results from improper use of fertilizers and pesticides. The lack and excess of substances can have a negative impact on the development of plants.

Soil fertility is also affected by humidity and temperature. With a deviation from the norm, diseases appear that are difficult to cope with.

By observing the norms and rules of nutrition, caring for plants, you can achieve an excellent harvest of tomatoes without diseases.