Primer for plaster: the secrets of high-quality preparation of walls for finishing. Primer for decorative plaster - types and application Primer for decorative plaster

Decorative coatings are used in interiors and facades on mineral bases. In some cases, decorative plasters and textured paints are applied to wooden coatings, on solid heat-insulating materials. Often, a special fiberglass or plastic mesh is used to reinforce the base. But in any case, the surface must be primed.

The purpose of the primer is to strengthen the surface, equalize the degree of water absorption, and in many cases, create a color background. A primer for decorative plaster is also required to enhance adhesion - the weight of a square meter of decorative finishes sometimes exceeds 2-3 kg. With temperature fluctuations or accidental mechanical influences, it can peel off if the bonding with the layer is uneven or not effective enough.

The primer for decorative plaster is selected in accordance with the type of finish coat. For all mineral substrates, acrylic primers are the best. They have high penetrating abilities and reinforce the material to a greater depth. At the same time, after polymerization, they form a dense and durable film that prevents the penetration of water into the array of wall material, but does not interfere with free gas exchange.

Often, decorative finishes are highly porous and do not provide moisture protection. The role of the barrier is performed by a primer for decorative plaster. Depending on the condition of the substrate, ordinary primers or those containing quartz dust are used.

If the base is strong, then one coat of a conventional acrylic primer is sufficient. It is applied with a roller or brush, carefully leveled and smoothed. Sanding the dried primer layer should not be, if it is slightly rough, then the finishing material will adhere better.

In the case of a loose base, you will have to choose a primer for a decorative coating containing mineral fillers, quartz or marble. Such primers themselves can serve as a top coat. They are perfectly tinted and aligned. Grinding a reinforced primer for plaster, paint or other decorative coating is also not recommended. Just carefully align.

Decorative material is applied to a completely dry primer. Sometimes this takes about a day. But it is necessary to wait - in a hurry, the finish coat may “float” or dry unevenly, which will cause spots and areas of different color tones to appear.

It is necessary to buy a primer for decorative paint or plaster for rooms with high humidity or when repairing old walls containing antiseptics. If mold or fungus appears on a structural or textured coating, then it is almost impossible to remove them. It is better to insure against these troubles and apply soil with antiseptic properties.

It is difficult to say which primer for plaster is better. But one thing can be said - buy all materials, including the primer and finish of the same brand. This will avoid mistakes in the selection. Even if you buy a primer and plaster of a not too well-known brand, this will give a better result than collecting materials from different premium segment manufacturers.

The widest choice of primers for decorative coatings in Moscow and the region is in the catalog of the KRASKI.RU company. you can recommend:

· Dufa Creative PRIMER DI QUARZO;

Dulux Bindo Base

Dufa Wood Protect;

· Ceresit CT 16;

· Tikkurila Euro Primer;

Ceresit CT 19…

You can learn about the features of the use of primers and the materials for which they are intended upon purchase. Store personnel and managers on the site will provide complete information about each product.

Decorative plaster is a truly unique finishing material that allows you to create interiors that are unique in their beauty.

No wonder the popularity of such compositions is growing year by year. However, decorative mixtures can fully reveal all their aesthetic advantages only if the supporting base is properly prepared, therefore, the preparation of walls for decorative plaster should be done with great care.

Types and features of the material

Decorative plaster must have aesthetic qualities and be strong enough

Decorative plaster coatings in their composition, technical characteristics and method of application are fundamentally different from conventional plaster solutions.

The main purpose of the base or finishing compositions is to level the bearing surfaces, eliminate various technical defects, and prepare them for further finishing.

In contrast, decorative plaster is designed for use in interiors as a final wall covering. Due to the operational and technical features of this material, the preparation of walls for decorative plaster has its own nuances.

First of all, you should take a closer look at this coating from the technical side: its characteristics, pros and cons, varieties, application, etc.

Varieties

All decorative plaster mixtures are divided into two main categories:

1. natural compounds.
2. Polymer.

The first group includes mixtures prepared on the basis of natural ingredients. These are the compositions:

• mineral. Their basis consists of mineral fillers of a large fraction, often painted in various colors. The link in such mixtures is cement. The treated surface has a grainy texture, iridescent in different shades;
• calcareous. This solution is based on slaked lime with the addition of fine sand and cement;
• plaster. Gypsum mortars are easy to use and flexible. They have a number of operational limitations - they can only be applied to the interior walls of rooms with a natural level of humidity.

Special texture rollers help create an original surface

Polymer compositions can be silicone or acrylic. According to the technology for creating an aesthetic effect, mixtures are divided into textural and textured.

Texture mixtures have a three-dimensional pattern applied with a trowel, texture roller, stencils.

In textured mixtures, the external effect is achieved due to the color scheme that imitates expensive coatings - primarily polished marble and granite slabs.

Advantages and disadvantages

The wide popularity of such finishing mixtures is explained by a whole range of positive qualities that distinguish them from most other wall coverings. Among the main advantages are:

Create a particularly complex texture on the shoulder only for a professional

Exclusive plaster coatings are not without some drawbacks. Of course, they are not so critical, otherwise these mixtures would not be so in demand among buyers. There are only two main disadvantages that can influence the choice:

• high price. The price of the material is quite comparable with the high aesthetic effect that can be achieved with its help. Usually it is several times higher than the cost of conventional base or finishing compositions;
• difficult application. Applying the mixture to the wall has a number of features, sometimes very complex from a technical point of view.

Therefore, before choosing this material, you need to soberly assess your skills in the finishing craft. Otherwise, you can waste your expensive plaster mix, or, as an option, spend extra money on the services of professional finishers.

If, nevertheless, the choice is made in favor of this expensive exclusive coating, you should take a closer look at how to prepare the walls for decorative plaster so that it can last as long as possible.

Stages of preparation

Clean the wall of debris and dust and cover with soil

The entire procedure for preparing walls for decorative plaster can be divided into several stages.

1. Surface cleaning.
2. Leveling plaster.
3. Primer.
4. Putty.

Proper surface preparation implies a phased and high-quality work of all the above works. At the same time, for each type of plaster, the walls can be prepared in a special way.

The application of a decorative composition to the walls in a new building always requires preliminary alignment with the base and (or) finishing plaster. The fact is that new walls, whether they are made of brick, cast concrete or made of wood, always have some flaws.

It can be just small chips and shells, too deep seams. And there may be more serious defects in the form of curved walls. Moreover, at first glance, the curvature of the walls may not be noticeable. But finishing in some cases can emphasize this drawback, make it so noticeable that it cancels out the entire effect of expensive repairs.

Correcting the flaws of the walls with the help of decorative mixtures will not work for the reason that they are designed to be applied in a thin layer. Not more than 1.5 - 2 mm. And this is clearly not enough to correct more or less significant defects in the supporting base.

Therefore, all walls in a new home should be carefully inspected using a building or laser level. In the event of a significant deviation in the vertical or horizontal direction, a leveling plaster layer should be applied.

Alternatively, the preparation of walls for decorative plaster may involve covering them with plasterboard sheets - the so-called "dry plaster" technology. This method of leveling walls is simpler than "wet technology", and requires less effort and time. For information on how to apply a leveling mixture, see this video:

However, it should be borne in mind that the GKL sheets, together with the frame, eat up a significant amount of room space - at least 50 mm per wall.

Wall cleaning

Thorough cleaning should be carried out before applying any type of plaster mixture to previously processed walls. In the process of work, it is necessary to clean the surface of old wallpaper, paint and varnish compositions, putty, up to a layer of leveling plaster. For stripping, you can use any suitable tools - spatulas, trowels, picks, grinders.

For faster removal of wallpaper, they should be moistened with soapy water or a special wallpaper remover. You can buy it in the same stores that sell wallpaper and wallpaper paste. Ordinary paper wallpapers are simply wetted with a composition using a roller or brush.

Soapy water treatment will help remove old wallpaper

Waterproof vinyl sheets should first be perforated with a needle roller, wallpaper tiger, or a regular knife so that the liquid gains access to the back of the wallpaper and the wall surface.

You can try to remove the paint with a spatula, starting from bubbling and flaking fragments. If it is held too tightly, you should move on to more drastic measures - resort to using a grinder or puncher. Lime whitewash can simply be washed off with a damp cloth, passing it over the entire surface of the wall several times.

Removing the putty can take quite a long time, as it is applied in a thin layer, but it has good adhesion to the underlying substrate. To facilitate its removal, it is recommended to prepare a special composition from a mixture of starch and water in a ratio of 1 to 20 or 1 to 15 in particularly difficult cases. For more information on cleaning the base, see this video:

Putty walls are moistened with this solution and left to soak for 15-20 minutes. After that, simply scrape off the putty layer with a spatula.

Primer

The primer will improve the adhesion of the wall with the mixture

The primer allows you to create a strong bond between different finishing layers.

Primer compositions increase adhesion, significantly extending the life of the coating, therefore, the preparation of walls for decorative plaster necessarily includes the treatment of their surface with primer mixtures.

For greater efficiency, primers are applied in at least two layers. Each subsequent layer should be applied only after the previous one has completely dried.

In the modern market of finishing materials, there is a huge number of primers that differ in their purpose and scope. If the walls are in a room with a high level of humidity, they must be treated with antiseptic primers. These protect surfaces from the formation of mold and fungal infections.

A special primer for decorative plaster is also on sale. It is used mainly for textured "Venetian plaster", applied in a thin layer of less than 1 mm. The wall is pre-treated with a conventional primer, after which a tinted acrylic primer is applied to the wall after drying.

In some cases, instead of a special primer composition, ordinary acrylic paint of the desired shade is used as the underlying layer for the "Venetian". It allows you to give the Venetian plaster a depth of color, which enhances the "marble" effect, gives the wall a more natural shade.

putty

Keep in mind that texture formulations are applied in a thicker layer than textured ones.

Preliminary puttying of surfaces is carried out before applying textured, colored compositions. If you are going to treat the surface of the wall with textured plaster, then the puttying process can be omitted.

The fact is that texture compositions - "fur coat", "rain", "Leonardo" - are applied in a thicker layer than textured ones. After application, they are additionally processed with curly rollers or rubber stamps to give them a textured relief. Therefore, their layer can reach up to 3 - 5 mm, which is quite enough to mask the small imperfections of the wall.

If it is planned to treat the walls with thin-layer "Venetian" solutions, it is simply necessary to improve their surface with putty. To do this, you need to carefully examine the wall for cracks and crevices, which must be carefully sealed. Over time, any, even minor cracks tend to expand and grow, so defects left unattended can soon move to a decorative layer.

To seal cracks, they must be carefully expanded and cleaned with a knife or a thin spatula. After that, the gap is cleaned of dust and smeared with putty along its entire length. Also, before applying the “Venetian”, the entire surface of the walls is puttied to give it a perfectly even appearance. After finishing work and complete drying of the putty layer, the entire surface of the wall is primed again. For more information on how to prepare walls for bark beetle, see this video:

If the owner of the apartment has some experience in finishing work, he may well independently prepare the walls for finishing with exclusive and expensive plaster mixtures. But if there is the slightest doubt about your competence, then it is best to entrust the work of preparing the surface and applying an expensive decorative coating to professional finishers.

If you plan a simple staining, then you should not worry too much, one layer is enough. There are situations when the surface is highly porous, then it will be difficult to do with one layer. If you especially care about the quality of the coating, then no one can interfere with the application of a primer in several layers. At the same time, the important point remains that both the paint and the premix were compatible with each other. Remember that the mixture should be selected based on several factors. It is necessary to take into account the conditions in which the primer will be used, the coatings that will be applied from above, as well as the features of the base.

For some compositions that are intended for decorative finishes, special paints are also used. In such materials there are the same elements, therefore it can be said for sure that they are compatible with each other. You can also use a universal mixture, but experts prefer to use the appropriate primer. This is how you can achieve the maximum even layer, which will be the finish. Plus, if there is an antiseptic component in the soil, then the use of the product will help prevent the appearance of mold on the decorative coating. It is important that the product is applied correctly, therefore experience in performing similar work is welcome if you need to achieve the perfect surface.

Preparing the walls for decorative plaster is an important point, because the final result will depend on the quality of the preparation of the base. Today we will tell you how to prepare the walls for decorative plaster and at the same time provide for everything. Also on the video in this article and the photo you can see the individual moments of the work and this will help to carry out the work correctly.

Preparing the wall for plaster is done in a certain order. Everything is time-tested. It must be remembered that the application of plaster is the stage that completes the finishing work. Plastering is started after all windows and doors are in place, the flooring is completely laid (see Floor tiling with ceramic tiles - correct cladding).

Surface preparation is carried out in the following sequence:

• First, the surface to be trimmed must be cleaned of the old layer of putty and paint., remove the remnants of the old wallpaper;
• Next, the surface of the wall is treated with a special primer mixture., which performs a restorative and strengthening function;
• If the humidity in the room is very high, then along with priming, it is necessary to additionally treat the walls with an agent that has an antifungal effect;
• If there are cracks in the walls, then they are embroidered and filled with a special composition for repair. Very large cracks are filled with a repair compound in several approaches;
• Only after complete priming of the walls should a putty layer be applied to them., which completes the stage of their alignment and is the basis for finishing the surface with a decorative plaster coating.

Attention: If in the future it is planned to apply a thick layer of plaster coating with a clearly defined structure, then wall putty is not necessary in this case.

• If the decorative coating will be applied in a thin layer, then the preparation should include all stages without exception. Otherwise, it will not be possible to hide all the errors of the base under the decorative layer. This will also lead to an increase in the consumption of finishing material.

When all the puttying work is completed, you can start grinding the surfaces of the walls (see How to sand the walls after puttying and how to do it right), using fine sandpaper for this.

Wall surface priming

Preparation of walls for decorative plaster is done on a primer. It significantly enhances the adhesion of surfaces and ensures the durability of the coating. Here everything is done by hand and therefore the price of the work will be reduced to the cost of the material.

Attention: This stage is very important, because a good primer mixture can save the repair for a long period of time. In this case, you can not be afraid that the plaster will crumble.

• The primer for plastering is an opaque liquid that does not have a characteristic odor, priming is the work of applying and distributing the primer over the surface of the treated area. After drying, it becomes like a film, which provides a strengthening of the surface, and an improvement in the setting of the plaster.
• The primer penetrates into the depth of the wall, improving its adhesive properties and preventing metal corrosion. Waterproof film prevents the penetration of moisture, provides protection against bacteria, preventing the formation of mold and rot on the drywall surface. Under it, you can hide small spots and traces of streaks. Applying a primer mixture in several layers enhances the properties of the composition.
• It is desirable to buy a mixture of high quality and deep penetration, this will reduce the cost of finishing materials. It is good if the brand of the primer matches the brand of the plaster mix. Each manufacturer manufactures its products in whole lines, where all components fit perfectly together.

What soil to choose

Preparing the walls for plastering the video will show you the entire progress of the work. But the soil must also be chosen correctly. According to the structure of the coating. Today, on the shelves of hardware stores you can find a huge range of primer mixtures. In order to make the right choice, you need to know which primer is suitable for certain surfaces.

• The alkyd primer is perfectly applied to the untreated wood, leveling its structure and creating a smooth surface for plastering. The advantages of this mixture include quick drying. You can use a polystyrene primer, it can also be applied to plastered surfaces. But it should be noted that it contains substances that are harmful to health.
• For metal surfaces, a primer is used, which is produced specifically, based on the type of metal. Usually these are mixtures with zinc additives. It is possible to use an alkyd primer mixture with zinc additions, which provides anti-corrosion protection. The use of glyphthalene mixture is difficult because it has a long drying period.
• The use of perchlorovinyl primer mixture is recommended for concrete and brick surfaces. It dries quickly, but has a pungent odor. Therefore, it is better to work with open windows.
• Acrylic and emulsion primers can be applied to any surface. They are practically odorless, and their drying period is 5 hours. Acrylic primer can even be applied to the old layer of plaster, thanks to its composition, it provides its strengthening. Also, the acrylic mix is ​​\u200b\u200bperfect for drywall surfaces.

The method of applying the primer mixture

The technology of preparing walls for plastering includes high-quality ground application. Having bought all the necessary materials, you can start priming the walls before plastering them. It is worth noting that primers are sold in three different states: dry, concentrated and diluted.

• Diluted mixtures can be used immediately. Before starting work, the diluted primer is thoroughly mixed so that the entire sediment rises from the bottom and is distributed throughout the entire volume of the mixture.
• Dry and concentrated mixtures are first diluted according to the proportions recommended in the instructions.
• Before starting work on priming, you need to clean the surface of the walls. Grease and oil stains should be removed, all dust and dirt should be wiped off.
• To avoid getting the mixture on the painted areas, they must be sealed with a special film or tape. The primer leaves glossy spots on the paint.
• On drywall surfaces, it is necessary to seal the joints with a special mesh. Work should only be done with gloves, because these mixtures have a detrimental effect on the skin and are not easily washed off.
  Now consider the priming technique itself.

Preparation for plastering walls with a primer includes the presence of a certain tool and the following equipment will be needed to complete the work: a brush for areas with difficult access, rollers with a long and short handle, a container for soil and the primer mixture itself.

• First you need to use a long-handled roller to apply the mixture to easily accessible sections of the wall. Next, with a smaller roller, evenly distribute the primer, moving it up, down and in both directions.
• Then you can move on to hard-to-reach places, corners and joints. To do this, you need to use a construction brush. Once you have finished applying the primer, let it dry. Drying time is indicated in the instructions for the solution.

Attention: Preparing the walls for plastering the video will show the rules of work, but if the plane is large, then it is better to purchase a spray gun for work, this will greatly speed up the work and you will be able to make a uniform coating.

Don't limit yourself to just one coat of primer. To enhance its properties, it is necessary to re-apply the mixture. You need to carefully examine the surface of the walls, so as not to miss even a small area. As soon as the second layer of the primer mixture dries, you can start plastering the walls.

When preparing walls for plastering, it is necessary to take into account a number of important points that affect the quality of the work performed:

• All applied putty layers must be thoroughly dried. Drying time should not be less than 2 days;
• to prevent the formation of cracks, you can use a special self-adhesive mesh. In another way, it is called "serpyanka";
• after the putty layer has dried, it is recommended to prime all wall surfaces with an acrylic primer mixture, due to penetration far into the wall, ensuring good interaction with the decorative coating;
• it is possible to increase the strength of the primer and protect it from separation into layers by using a special impregnation. It should be noted that the selected putty mixture must have good absorbent properties. Oil and alabaster bases are not allowed.

When applying a primer mixture for decorative plastering, you should use the advice of specialists:

• The primer layer is applied to the surface of the wall with a thickness of about 2 centimeters, its smaller thickness will not allow to obtain a decorative coating of uniform composition and high quality;
• When rubbing the primer layer, it is imperative to carry out measures to compact it.;
• After completing the priming work, it is necessary to moisten the treated surface periodically.. This should go on for a week. Moisturize with a sponge dampened with water.
• After carrying out all the above procedures, decorative plaster can be applied to the treated surface.

Decorative Coating Testing

After completing the preparatory work, it is necessary to apply a test layer of decorative plaster. This is necessary to check the readiness of the wall surface.

• To do this, choose a small section of the wall, located next to the corner of the room, and apply a layer of plaster. This will make it possible to see what quality the decorative coating will be, its structure and color scheme.
  Particular care must be taken to ensure that the transitions between smooth to textured surfaces of the coating are sufficiently smooth.
• Also, if you use stamps, then immediately check the embossing, it should be of high quality.

You now know how to prepare a wall for plastering, and the preparation of walls for decorative plastering video and the above instructions will not allow you to make mistakes when doing work.

July 5, 2017
Specialization: facade finishing, interior finishing, construction of dachas, garages. The experience of an amateur gardener and horticulturist. He also has experience repairing cars and motorcycles. Hobbies: playing the guitar and much more, for which there is not enough time :)

Why prime the surface before plastering and what kind of primer to use for this? Once I was often interested in these questions, but now, having gained rich experience, I myself will answer them. In addition, I will tell you how to properly perform priming, which will surely help beginners avoid many mistakes.

A few words about materials

Many people who are faced with the repair of their homes for the first time are confused in the materials. Therefore, first of all, I will briefly tell you how plaster differs from putty and primer. All these materials are used for finishing walls and ceilings, however, they have different purposes:

• Plaster. It is a solution for leveling walls and ceilings. Using this material, you can even out irregularities with a difference of up to 5-7 centimeters.
  As a rule, cement or gypsum serves as a binder for plaster, sometimes lime is added;

Decorative (structural) plaster. It is a finishing coating that is applied over a putty or plastered base. The main feature of this coating is that it forms a certain texture and texture on the surface;

• Putty. It is used to eliminate small irregularities, cracks and chips. Typically, the maximum layer thickness is 1 cm, and the minimum may be less than one millimeter;
• Primer. A liquid that improves adhesion between materials, strengthens the substrate, reduces the consumption of liquid materials, and also prevents the formation of mold on walls and ceilings.

As you can see, although the primer is not a leveling material, its use is highly desirable. I will say even more - plastering surfaces without a primer is a violation of technology, so it is impossible to guarantee the durability of such a finish.

What soil to use

Recently, water-based polymer primers have been used for plaster and other finishing materials. They do an excellent job with the tasks assigned to them, and also have several important positive qualities:

• Odorless and harmless to health;
• High drying speed;
• Versatility - can be used for all types of coatings, including lime plaster.

Depending on the impact that the primer has on the surface, it is divided into three types:

You can often hear the erroneous opinion that only a silicone primer should be used under silicone plaster. In fact, absolutely any acrylic primer can be used.

Deep penetrating

Deep penetrating, or deep penetration primer, designed for loose and porous surfaces. It has the following properties:

• Strengthens the base due to the ability to penetrate into the structure of the base and glue the pores;
• Forms a film on the surface, as a result of which it reduces the consumption of materials.

In addition, in the composition of deep-penetrating soils, like, in fact, all the others, there are usually antifungal components that prevent the formation of mold.

As a rule, this composition is used in the following:

• For foam blocks and other porous blocks;
• For processing old plastered bases, the surface of which is prone to shedding;
• Old wooden surfaces.

Price. Below are well-established soil brands and their cost:

The prices in the article are current in the summer of 2017.

adhesive

Adhesive primers improve the adhesion of materials to each other. Accordingly, they are used for bases that themselves have poor adhesion, which include:

• Concrete walls and floor slabs;
• Ceramic tile;
• Painted surfaces.

Primers differ not only in purpose, but also in the field of application. They can be designed for outdoor or indoor use. In addition, there are universal compositions that can be used both outside and inside.

Price:

Universal

Universal primers are used for any normal surfaces, which include:

• brickwork;
• Plasters and putties;
• Drywall, etc.

In other words, if the surface you are going to plaster is not too smooth and not too porous, you can use an all-purpose primer. It is also used for interlayer priming, as well as for putty, for structural plaster, etc.

These compounds are called universal because they perform several functions at once:

• Improve adhesion;
• Strengthen the base;
• They form a film on the surface, which reduces the consumption of materials.

Beginners who are faced with wall insulation are often interested in whether it is necessary to prime the foam before reinforcing? Since the reinforcement is carried out with a special foam adhesive, the adhesion is very good and without a primer, so the surface can not be primed. But extruded polystyrene foam must be primed.

Price:

Application technology

Now consider how to properly prime the surface before plastering. The sequence of actions is as follows:

The work is done as follows:

Illustrations	Description of actions
	Foundation preparation. Before priming, remove dirt and dust from the surface.
	Ground preparation: First of all, calculate the required amount of primer. To do this, you need to know the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe base and the consumption per 1m2 of soil. Consumption depends on the type of surface, however, you can take an average value of -1.5 liters per 1m2; Then the liquid must be shaken thoroughly; Pour the prepared soil into a flat container into which it will be convenient to dip the roller. On the websites of hardware stores, there is often a calculator for primer consumption per 1m2 for plaster and many other surfaces. Using it, you can accurately calculate the required amount of material.
	Ground application: Dip the roller in the liquid, and wring it out lightly, rolling it out on a dry plane; Treat the base with soil; Treat hard-to-reach places with a brush; Wait for the surface to dry and repeat the procedure. According to the same scheme, interlayer priming is performed, as well as priming for putty and for decorative plaster.

Beginners are often interested in - is it necessary to prime the plaster before puttying? According to technology, the primer must be applied not only between different materials, but even between different layers of the same material. Accordingly, be sure to prime the surface before puttying.

Here, in fact, are all the nuances of priming for plaster.

Conclusion

So we found out how to prime the surface before applying the plaster, and how to do it correctly. If any of your questions on the voiced topic remained unanswered - ask it in the comments, and I will be happy to answer you.

July 5, 2017

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