Roof construction technology - types of roofs, roofing materials, installation rules. Roof installation Roof installation

Installation of a roof from a trusted company at the price of a private team with a 36-month warranty.

The roof is perhaps the most important part of the building, on which the durability and reliability of the entire house will depend. It is difficult to independently carry out the installation of the roof of the roof, as well-developed professional skills are required.

Customers often encounter unskilled craftsmen who only verbally promise a quality installation. As a result of their irresponsible approach, failure to meet the deadlines does not allow the plans to materialize. In addition, the poor quality of the selected materials can cause the collapse of the structure and the need to do the work again. Another problem is the exorbitant inflation of the estimate, which ultimately leads to significant overpayments for the customer. The best way out is to immediately choose a reliable contractor who can be trusted even to complete a complex task.

Why have 300+ clients already contacted us?

• Our installers have over 15 years of experience. This is the best confirmation that you should not worry about the quality of services. We are trusted by both private homeowners and large construction organizations.
• We have hundreds of completed projects to our credit. You can clearly see the professionalism of the masters by looking at the portfolio. Employees of the company can handle orders of any level of complexity.
• The work is carried out on the basis of proven technologies. We guarantee compliance with building codes, so you can be sure that the roof will last for a long time.
• We work with all types of roofing. Experts will develop the best solution for you personally, while the price of roof installation will please even the most economical ones.
• We are ready to take on even non-standard designs. Experienced designers and installers will cope with any tasks in the shortest possible time. With us, your plans will not be disturbed.

Look at the photos of completed objects - they will demonstrate the stages of installation of the roof and the resulting result. Our properties cause sincere admiration, which is why we are so often referred to by recommendation.

TURNKEY ROOF INSTALLATION:

Services of our organization

The company works with any type of roofing. We offer the following services:

Installation of a soft roof.

We carry out a full cycle of works: foundation construction, waterproofing, insulation, laying the selected roofing material. The cost of installing a roof and roofing will be extremely attractive, and a reliable multi-layer system will last for many years.

Installation of metal tiles.

The metal roof is in particular demand today, as it is strong, durable and at the same time an inexpensive option. Our designers will accurately calculate the amount of roofing material for you, and installers will carry out all the necessary work to the highest standard.

Repair of the roof structure and roofing.

We often have to correct the shortcomings of incompetent craftsmen and the consequences of independent attempts to carry out the installation. If you do not want to carry out expensive repairs in the near future, then entrust the installation to the specialists of our company.

We offer a really favorable price for roofing installation per m2. The cost indicated below is approximate, the exact amount of the roof arrangement can be called after measurements are taken.

ROOF INSTALLATION COST IN RUB:

№	Name of works	Unit measurements	gable roof	hip roof	complex roof
seam roof
1	Installation of seam panels	sq.m.	448	537	627
2		running meters	420	500	550
.3	Installation of a dropper on the junction	running meters	140	160	190
4	Installation of skates, hips	running meters	420	500	550
5	Valley device	running meters	420	500	550
6	Installation of end strips	running meters	280	330	390
7	Installation of cornice strips	running meters	280	330	390
Metal tile / piece tile
1	Installation of metal tiles - profile "Monnterray"	sq.m.	190	230	270
2	Installation of ceramic tiles	sq.m.	500	600	700
3	Installation of connections to the wall / pipe	running meters	280	330	390
4	Installation of skates, hips	running meters	220	260	300
5	Valley device	running meters	280	330	390
6	Installation of end strips	running meters	220	260	290
7	Installation of cornice strips	running meters	220	260	290
Soft tiles
1	Installation of flexible tiles	sq.m.	220	260	300
2	Underlayment installation	sq.m.	40	50	55
3	Installation of connections to the wall / pipe	running meters	250	300	350
4	Installation of skates, hips	running meters	280	330	390
5	Valley device	running meters	280	330	390
6	Installation of end strips	running meters	220	260	290
7	Installation of cornice strips	running meters	220	260	290
The cost of installation of load-bearing structures and insulation in rubles
1	Mauerlat installation	running meters	420	500	550
2	Installation of the truss system	sq.m.	500	600	700
3	Draft ceiling installation	sq.m.	70	90	100
4	Vapor barrier installation	sq.m.	60	70	70
5	Insulation laying	sq.m.	70	80	90
6	Laying waterproofing	sq.m.	60	60	60
7	Installation of the counter-lattice	sq.m.	40	45	50
8	Installation of a sparse crate	sq.m.	70	80	90
9	Installation of step crate	sq.m.	80	90	100
10	Solid plywood base	sq.m.	75	90	100
11	Seam processing (for shingles)	sq.m.	20	20	20
12	Lumber septation	cubic meters	1 100	1 100	1 100

How we are working?

Here are the stages of our work:

1. Measurement of the object. Departure of the measurer is free of charge. Preliminary calculations will determine the amount of roofing material and features of the future roof. The measurers of our organization have many years of experience, so they can give useful recommendations on the choice of roofing elements and other important issues in the arrangement of the roof. They will determine the exact amount of material and take into account any wishes.

2. Budgeting. It can have several options, as a result, the customer can determine the optimal price for roofing installation. The estimate for the required materials and services is compiled according to the measurements taken. We have solid experience and do not pursue momentary profit, so the calculations will surprise you with favorable prices.

3. Conclusion of the contract. After drawing up an estimate between the customer and the contractor, a contract is drawn up. It indicates the list of works, as well as the price of roof installation and the timing of the order. We responsibly treat promises - all conditions of the contract will be exactly fulfilled.

4. Payment. Materials, the number of which is fixed in the estimate, must be paid immediately. There is also a 50% prepayment for installation. The rest of the amount can be paid after the installation is completed. The scheme can be partially adjusted, as we are always ready to find the optimal solution.

Basic installation steps

The installation of a roofing system is a multi-stage process, and each step must be carried out in accordance with the regulations. The experience and professionalism of our specialists allow us to guarantee the maximum quality of work at all stages. Installation is carried out as follows:

Arrangement of the truss system. This is the frame that will hold the main load. Rafters and other elements are made of wood that has undergone preliminary antiseptic treatment. When calculating, wind and snow loads must be taken into account. We will definitely take into account all the nuances so that you do not doubt the reliability and durability of the frame.

Roof insulation. Since the building loses a large amount of heat through the roof, you need to take care of sufficient insulation. Usually stone or basalt wool is used for this. Such insulation provides reliable protection against heat loss. Our experts will not allow you to make a mistake in choosing, so you don’t have to worry about the quality of insulation.

Installation of a waterproofing and vapor barrier layer. Waterproofing protects the insulation from damage by moisture that can penetrate from the outside. Vapor barrier protects the roof from water vapor coming from the interior of the house. We will select modern waterproofing membranes that are able to provide optimal air exchange without compromising the environmental friendliness of the house. Thanks to the right materials, you can forget about dampness and mold.

Installation of the base for roofing material. For metal, natural or composite tiles, a crate with a step recommended by the manufacturer is used. For a soft roof, a solid base will be required, for which plywood or OSB boards can be used. Our employees in practice worked out all the nuances of installation, so they will select the best option.

Roof installation. The final and most important stage is the installation of roofing. The company's specialists work in strict accordance with the requirements of building codes. The finished system will meet all the wishes of the owner and will steadfastly serve for several generations.

We are waiting for you today!

We guarantee that the roofing installation will be completed on schedule. The price of roof installation is made up of many parameters, and you can ask all questions in advance, determining the best option. By contacting us, you can quickly resolve the issue of installing a roofing system: specialists will not only carry out a full cycle of work - they will help with the selection and purchase of building materials. The finished roof for many years will be a reliable protection for your home, providing warmth and comfort. Call us and place an order!

The roof is one of the main components of any structure. It serves not only to protect against atmospheric precipitation and thermal insulation, but also to give the building a complete shape. Currently, the technology of roofing depends on its type (flat, pitched), materials and equipment used.

The minimum angle of inclination of a metal roof should be 14 degrees.

flat roof

The traditional arrangement of layers in a flat roof structure.

This type of roof is widely used both in the arrangement of residential and industrial buildings. It is good because it has simple installation, affordable cost and additional usable area that can be used for arranging a cafe, sports ground, parking lot, growing green spaces, etc. The drain is usually inside the house, and the edge is outlined by a parapet. Roof slope up to 3% to ensure better drainage of rain and melt water.

There are two ways to build a flat roof base: concrete floor (monolith or concrete slabs) and beam (as with a pitched structure, but with a minimum angle of inclination).

The concrete floor must be insulated with stone wool or foam sheets that are laid over the base of the roof. The next layer is a reinforcing screed. The construction is completed with a waterproofing coating.

This type of flat roof is very reliable and durable, it can be used as a terrace, but the disadvantage is a lot of weight, which implies a strong foundation and strong load-bearing walls of the building.

The beam method of erecting flat roofs has rafters (wooden beams or metal I-beams) at the base, and plywood or OSB flooring on top. Insulation is placed between the beams.

Compared to a concrete roof, a beamed roof is less durable and can sag over time, leading to roof deformation.

Waterproofing coating for flat roofs

The structure of the waterproofing of a flat roof on a concrete floor.

Among the varieties of waterproofing coating of a flat roof, a membrane system can be distinguished. PVC membrane is made from plasticized polyvinyl chloride and a number of other components that reduce the flammability of the material, protect it from ultraviolet radiation and oxidation at high ambient temperatures. It consists of two layers: the top contains dyes that give it a light color that reflects the sun's rays, as well as fire retardants, stabilizers, plasticizers and filler. The bottom layer is darker, free of flame retardants and stabilizers. To make the membrane stronger, it is reinforced with fiberglass or polyester mesh.

To cover the roof with a PVC membrane, the following tools and equipment are used:

1. Welding machine for joining the seams of panels.
2. Manual welding dryer (used when welding membrane joints in hard-to-reach places, at junctions).
3. An electric drill, if you need to screw in screws or other fasteners to secure the membrane.
4. Perforator (for mechanical fastening of the membrane, if the base of the roof is a cement-sand screed).
5. A construction gun used to mount the membrane in conditions of work at height from ropes or scaffolding, since in this case it is not practical to work with a perforator.
6. Electrical extension cords for welding machine.
7. Consumables and auxiliary materials (construction knife, gloves, screwdriver, etc.).

The technology of fixing the PVC membrane can be carried out in several ways: heat-welded, adhesive, ballast and mechanical.

The heat-welded method of connecting the canvases is carried out using a welding machine, which gives out a stream of air with heating of 400-600 degrees. The recommended width of a welding seam is from 20 to 100 mm.

Advantages: high-quality sealed roof surface, UV rays do not affect the welds.

Disadvantages: the complexity of the process, which should be trusted only to specialists.

Glue fixing of PVC membranes is used in cases where other methods are unacceptable for some reason.

Special adhesive mixtures are used, which are applied to the canvas. To save money, it is possible to make a connection with an adhesive composition only in the most key places (the perimeter of the roof, the places where the membrane adjoins chimneys, intra-house storm drains and other protruding places).

The roofing membrane used as waterproofing is reliably protected from ultraviolet radiation, high and low temperatures by gravel ballast.

Advantages: adhesive technology for mounting PVC membranes is good for roofs with a complex structure.

Disadvantages: the likelihood of a poorly glued seam, the high cost of the adhesive mixture.

The ballast type of installation of PVC membrane sheets is the easiest, it is acceptable with a roof slope of up to 15 degrees. The fastening technology consists of the following steps:

1. Uniform laying of membranes on the roof surface, fastening along the perimeter at the junction with vertical elements by welding or glue.
2. Laying ballast (crushed stone, gravel or pebbles of medium fraction) weighing from 50 kg / m 2.
3. Protection of the membrane material with mats or non-woven fabric from mechanical damage (the action is performed before the ballast embankment, if it has sharp edges).

Advantages: simple and economical installation.

Disadvantages: The roof must be strong to support the weight of the ballast.

The technology of mechanical installation of the membrane involves attaching the sheets to the base of the roof with fasteners - self-tapping screws with a plastic umbrella. They are screwed in in the areas where one membrane web overlaps another with a step of 200 mm. Along the perimeter of the roof, the membrane is attached to the protruding elements with edge rails.

pitched roof

The most popular roof construction solution is a gable roof, which does not have attic space heating.

The name itself suggests that the roof has a slope (with a minimum angle of 10 o). The value of the angle depends on the architectural design of the building, the roofing material and the amount of snowfall in the built-up area.

Classification:

1. Shed - one slope between parallel walls.
2. Gable - two rectangular slopes that have a common connection.
3. Four-slope (hipped, hip) - four triangular slopes connected by vertices at one point or two trapezoidal and two triangular parallel to each other.
4. Broken (mansard), conical and other complex structures.

Pitched roofs can be made in two versions: with a warm or cold attic. The base of the device (bearing structure) consists of rafters (wood or metal) or reinforced concrete slabs.

The construction of a gable roof: rafter legs, puff, run, rack, bed, Mauerlat.

The main element of a pitched wooden or metal-wooden roof is the truss system. It is calculated from the weight of the roofing material, the load of precipitation and wind.

Rafter. Rafters can be layered or hanging. Basically, wooden rafters from softwood timber are used, because. they are easier to process than reinforced concrete or metal.

Mauerlat. The beam on which the legs of the rafters rest is called Mauerlat. It serves as a support and is mounted along the entire length of the building. A waterproofing layer is laid between the Mauerlat and the inner surface of the walls.

In order for the roof of the building to have high resistance to wind load, the mauerlat and rafters must be well fastened to the walls with anchors and metal corners.

Runs. Mounted parallel to the Mauerlat. There are ridge (connect the ends of the rafter legs) and side (mounted in the middle of the rafters).

Racks. Wooden beams located perpendicular to the ridge of a pitched roof. They are support for the rafter legs and transfer the weight to the puff.

Puff. A bar installed perpendicular to the Mauerlat along the base of the truss system device. Serves to increase rigidity.

Sill. It is an additional stiffener and is installed if the rafters are installed simultaneously on two spans.

Struts. Another component of the rafter system to increase its rigidity. Can be transverse and longitudinal.

Crate. Boards or bars that are laid across the rafters are called crates. The roof covering is attached to the crate.

The device of a pitched roof made of reinforced concrete slabs consists of individual elements that are manufactured at the factory and assembled into a single whole at the construction site. Basically, this type of roof is used in the construction of industrial buildings.

Classification of roofs by type of roofing materials

Soft bitumen roof

Materials that serve as a protective and decorative coating, called "soft roofing", are in high consumer demand due to a wide choice of colors, light weight, flexibility, resistance to atmospheric precipitation, although the cost of such a coating is quite high. These include bituminous tiles, roll materials (polymer, bituminous), roofing material, membranes. Service life of at least 20 years.

Types of hard roofs

The materials of a rigid pitched roof include various types of metals (steel, copper, aluminum), mineral materials (tiles, slate, slate tiles), wood (tes, shavings, shingles).

Regardless of which roofing device you choose, it is necessary to competently and efficiently approach each stage of construction: from the drawing to the final. Each mounting technology has its own advantages and disadvantages, but as a result, its correct application will give a good result for many years.

With rare exceptions, all residential buildings of individual development, as well as suburban cottages, are built with pitched roofs. But this does not mean boring monotony of buildings. On the contrary, the variety of options for pitched roofs creates the widest scope for the creativity of designers and architects.

Any structural element of the building must be carried out in compliance with certain building rules. The house consists of several technological stages:

1. Assembly of roof structures
2. Installation of a heat-insulating layer with steam and moisture protection
3. Finishing roofing material
4. Installation of an organized drain, snow retainers, fences

But it is only at first glance that the execution of the same construction operations should lead to the appearance of twin roofs.

Architectural manipulations with the angles of slopes, their number and length, the size of the projection of the eaves allow you to create objects in completely different styles, giving each building a novelty and individuality.

The cost of works on the installation of a pitched roof

Name	Description	Cost of work / rub.	Cost of materials / rub.
truss structures	Manufacturing and installation, antiseptic, fasteners	900	700 - 1000
roofing cake	Vapor barrier, thermal insulation 150-200mm, diffuse membrane, main and auxiliary lathing	600	600 - 1100
Roofing	Metal tile 0.5mm Polyester	360	400
Roofing	Flexible tile RUFLEX, SHINGLAS, ICOPAL, TEGOLA	320	500 - 900
Roofing	Composite tile METROTILE, LUXARD	550	1300 - 1500
Roofing	Tile cement/sand or ceramic	700	600 - 1800
Roofing	Seam roofing made of 0.5mm steel or polymer-coated aluminum	1200	450 - 900
Roofing	Seam roofing made of copper or zinc/titanium	1200	3100 - 4000
Steel or plastic gutters	Gutters, funnels, pipes, hooks, connectors, etc.	500	400 - 600
Railings, walkways, roof ladders	Sections, brackets and fasteners	900	2100 - 2800
Snow retention tubular	3 running meters = 2 tubes + 4 brackets	600	1800 - 3500

The data in the table is valid for an area of ​​150 m2. For small volumes of work, we are forced to set a multiplier that will cover overhead and organizational costs. For calculations, standard material consumption rates for a roof of medium complexity were used.

How we are working

Leave a request on the website or by phone

At a certain time, meet our specialist

Coordinating technical details

We conclude a contract with a guarantee

We carry out installation work in the approved time!

Ready! You accept and pay for work

High-quality installation of a pitched roof from the Atelier company

Gabled roofs with large slopes and decorative turrets will create an atmosphere of old Gothic. On the contrary, a roof with slight slopes, long slopes and huge eaves, reinforced with sloping supports, will give the whole house an alpine spirit of chalet style.

The choice of roof profiles is huge: two-, three-, four-slope and multi-slope, Dutch and Danish, hip and half-hip, tent and Chinese - do not count. Of course, the choice of the roof should have been made at the design stage of the whole house, rightfully so. But, if you spontaneously started construction, erected walls and thought about how best to do the installation of a pitched roof, then contact Atelier Roofing! We will advise the best roof shape for your home. Do not hesitate - it will be beautiful, and reliable, and durable! And then we will perform the installation of the roof with warranty for 5 years!

Advantages of ordering the installation of a pitched roof in our company

Together with you, we will decide whether the attic space will be: purely functional or residential, seasonal or year-round. Perhaps it will be a cozy and bright attic with modern skylights. There are many options. Know that unused attic space is your strategic reserve, which can become a lifesaver when you increase your family or decide to move out of town for good. And how wisely you manage this reserve depends only on you. And we will help you fulfill pitched roof installation!

If you have a finished project, even better. We will take on pitched roofs of any complexity and guarantee the highest quality of workmanship - the professional experience of our roofers allows this.

When our specialist arrives at the site, we will perform all the necessary measurements in order to issue you working documentation with an estimate and a complete list of required materials as soon as possible. For clarity and control of subsequent construction work, our specialists can develop for the client a virtual 3D layout of the future object with all the details.

Pitched roofing for private houses is the most popular in temperate and northern latitudes. Such designs allow you not to accumulate snow cover and rainwater on the surface, you can organize a residential attic inside, there are other advantages. It is worth considering in more detail what pitched roofs are, their forms and their internal structure.

Features and types of structures

A slope is a roof slope designed to drain melt and rainwater. A private house, depending on the design, may have one or more slopes. The slope can be different, it depends on the climate and weather conditions, the purpose of the attic space, usually this value is from 15 to 45 degrees. The device of the roof rolls forms the supporting system of rafters, which can be made by yourself from durable wooden beams.

A similar roof in shape can be single-pitched or multi-pitched, hip, hipped, gable and some other types. The choice depends on the desired functionality and capabilities of the owner of the house. For example, a hip roof and a truss system for it will be much more difficult to build than a gable roof.

If homemade rafters in a country house are mainly made of wood, then the roofing can be made of various materials. The roof is wooden or iron - from a metal tile or a profile sheet, covered with slate, ondulin, shingles or roofing material. Each type of material has its pros and cons.

The pitched roof, in addition to the truss frame and coating, has other structural details., which must be taken into account when designing it: attic hatch or door, gables with or without windows, chimney pipe, ventilation, lightning protection mesh on holders with a lightning rod, heat and waterproofing, ridge, cornices, television antennas.

The space under a pitched roof may or may not be used. There you can create a pantry, a workshop or a full-fledged living room, with large volumes - several. In this case, the roof must be additionally insulated, ventilation and electrical wiring must be laid.

The attic in a country house, used in a place under a pitched roof, is very widespread, and there are many of its projects.

Roof types

The roof with a slope is single-pitched and multi-pitched. The first type is most often used for buildings with a small area: sheds, gazebos, garages and residential buildings, in which there are 2 - 3 rooms. The slope of the slope of such a roof is usually small - up to 30 degrees. It is easier to build a frame for it than for multi-slope options; there are original projects that have a wonderful visual appearance.

The most common type of roof for private houses is a gable roof., which is actively used in construction today. Most often in profile, it has the shape of an isosceles triangle, the pediments are vertical with the angles of inclination of the sides of 15, 30, 40 and 45 degrees.

Such designs allow you to effectively get rid of storm water and snow cover without manual cleaning, provide usable space under the roof, and look nice in a summer cottage.

Their construction simplifies the fact that, due to the wide distribution, there are a huge number of projects, instructions for the construction of the truss system and roofing.

A gable roof in profile is most often symmetrical. Less common are roof projects that have different slopes, their length is different and, accordingly, the angle of inclination to the horizon. This design looks very original, often it involves the installation of window openings on one of the slopes. The truss system created for it practically does not differ from a symmetrical design.

A three-slope roof is practically the same gable roof, only truncated on one of the sides. One of the slopes is in the form of an isosceles triangle, the other two have the shape of a trapezoid. Truncation can be complete - from the ridge to the base of the roof or partial, then there remains a section of a straight gable. Similar roof options are widespread in our country; they have been traditionally built for many centuries. They are popular now not only for residential buildings, but also for garages, sheds and other outbuildings.

Roofs with slopes consisting of several planes are widespread in suburban construction. Each of them has different angles of inclination. The shape of the pediment is a pentagon or trapezium. The pitched roof with a pentagonal profile retains its protective characteristics, while leaving more free space inside for arranging a full-fledged living room.

Hip roofs are gable, only their gables are truncated at a certain angle, so they have two slopes in the form of isosceles triangles, and two - in the form of a trapezoid, the ridge is shortened. Such designs have become widespread in Holland and the Scandinavian countries, where effective protection of the roof from powerful winds is required.

Indeed, due to their shape, such roofs are less afraid of strong gusts than gable ones.

The schemes of the rafter system of such a roof are becoming more complicated, but with experienced hands it will not be difficult to build the rafters on your own.

In half-hipped roofs, the pediment is not completely truncated to the base; such structures are used, for example, if they want to create additional side windows in the attic. The drawing of such a roof is more complex than that of a hip roof, it has slopes in several inclined planes in the form of a trapezoid and a triangle, it can be five-slope, six-slope or other complex structures. The semi-hip roof has an original look and is well protected from the wind.

Hipped roofing is used for square-shaped buildings. It looks like a regular pyramid, the slopes are triangular, located at an angle, that is, there are no pediments. Often this type is used for gazebos and other small buildings.

The multi-gable roof structure is also most often used for square houses, but it can also be built on a rectangular building. In fact, it is eight-slope with slopes that have the same triangular shape. Most often, projects of such a roof are presented with a complex truss frame, the presence of valleys and an intricate system of cornices and spillways.

Diamond roofing for buildings that are square in profile has 4 diamond-shaped slopes. The broken surface complicates the installation of the truss system and the flooring. But such projects look very original.

Finally, the shape of the roof can be vaulted, that is, streamlined, semicircular in profile. Such a design will reliably protect against wind and precipitation, but it is difficult to build it. Most often, such roofs are installed not on residential buildings, but on gazebos and small outbuildings.

Knots: functions and characteristics

Any pitched roof has a complex structure with many details, each of which performs a specific function. All of them are important for the reliable and safe operation of a residential building, so it is worth considering in more detail the characteristics and functions of each node.

In the most general case, a roof with slopes has 4 nodes, each of which is divided into smaller parts:

• truss system - the main supporting frame of the pitched roof;
• roofing carpet - an insulating layer that protects against moisture, steam and cold;
• ventilation system;
• roofing materials used for external cladding;
• additional elements of the roof.

The rafter system consists of a mauerlat, racks, puffs, struts and battens, there are other nodes. The task of the rafters is to support the roof slopes with the insulation and outer coating at a certain angle. The layout and connection schemes of all truss beams and materials must ensure the load placed on them.

The minimum slope of the slopes can be 15 degrees, the maximum 45, the steeper it is, the more rigid the construction of the rafters should be.

Mauerlat - a beam with a wide section, fixed directly to the walls of the house, and being their connecting link with the rafters. It is on it that the inclined beams rest. Puffs are bars that are attached perpendicular to the Mauerlat and run in several rows throughout the entire roof, their number depends on the length of the building. Puff beams support vertical posts and inclined struts that support the roof rafters.

Connected puffs, vertical posts and inclined struts form truss trusses. You should choose them depending on the size of the house. Wooden parts are attached to each other on screws, anchors or corners.

The roofing carpet is laid on the truss frame and serves to protect against wind, cold, moisture and steam. It completely covers the roof, a fine decorative coating is installed on top of it. In accordance with the set of rules on roofs SP 17-13330-2011, the roofing carpet is formed by continuous or partial gluing of layers of heat, hydro and vapor barrier, rolled, sprayed, coated or sheet materials, screed or profiled sheet.

An important point when installing a pitched roof is ventilation, the installation of which must be taken care of even before the flooring is covered with a protective and decorative coating. Thanks to it, the efficiency of the insulation increases, condensation does not accumulate between the layers, and the service life of the wooden parts of the rafters increases.

For ventilation, special elements are used - products, which come in several types.

• eaves - installed along the cornice overhangs between the wall and the roof in the form of continuous slots 20 - 25 mm wide (continuous) or individual holes (point);
• ridge vents are made on the ridge in the form of a continuous continuous slot 20 - 50 mm wide or individual holes - wind vanes;
• aerators - devices in the form of tubes with caps installed in the roofing, ventilation and removal of water vapor in them occurs due to temperature and pressure changes outside and inside the housing.

eaves

skating

aerator

External roofing serves as additional protection from external weather factors and is a decorative element. In order for the roof of the house to look representative, a lot of finishing materials have been created today.

You should choose such a cladding so that it lasts a long time and harmoniously fits into the exterior of the building.

• Metal tiles and profiled metal sheets are one of the most popular materials for roofing. They are light, durable, and the outer polymer coating reliably protects against cold, moisture and ultraviolet radiation, while there is a choice of many colors.
• Ondulin for cladding a pitched roof is good because it is light and easy to install, it is a good heat insulator, protected from moisture, and has a low cost. Various colors of this material are presented.
• Ordinary tiles, made from mineral raw materials, are also widely used in the arrangement of roofs, and have a noble natural look. The disadvantages are its heavy weight - it will be necessary to build strong rafters, and the fragility of this material.

metal tile

ondulin

ordinary tile

In addition to the external cladding of the pitched roof, there are additional elements. They are important to complete the whole structure, perform useful protective functions.

The cornice unit closes the lower part of the roof and serves to protect the truss system from the outside. Its strips are usually attached to the roof with an overlap of 10 - 15 cm. Fastening is carried out using roofing screws with a rubber insulating gasket at a distance of 20 - 30 cm along the entire length of the ceiling.

The gable roof unit serves as additional support for the truss system from the side, is a decorative element, and can serve as a wall with windows for the attic. The pediment can be made of wood, sheathing with siding, profile sheet, brick or gas silicate blocks. The roof covering of the gable unit is closed with an end plate. It performs a decorative function, protects metal tiles or other material from moisture and loosening under the influence of wind.

cornice knot

gable knot

A valley is a connecting node between two roof slopes, representing a concave angle. You can’t do without it in multi-gable, tambourine or T-shaped roofs. The design of the valley is a metal or plastic corner bar, which is attached to the rafter crate with an overlap of up to 10 cm.

Proper installation of the valley is necessary for reliable protection of the roof from bad weather and effective stormwater drainage.

Adjacency strips are installed in those places where the roofing adjoins the wall of the house or the chimney pipe. They must provide reliable sealing, for the absence of cracks, they can be additionally treated with silicone or sealant, provided with rubber gaskets. Adjacent strips are made of metal or plastic, fastened to anchors or self-tapping screws.

The ridge assembly is installed at the junction of two slopes and is the final stage in the installation of the roofing. It must be mounted on top of the facing material. Fastening is carried out on self-tapping screws in increments of 10 - 15 cm, the overlap must be at least 10 cm. For the reliability of the structure, you need to choose a metal ridge that matches the color of the roofing shade.

The knot must be made airtight, but if necessary, provided with ridge air ducts.

The choice of the shape of the pitched roof depends on several factors: climate and weather conditions, the area of ​​the building, its width, the purpose of the attic space. Of course, one of the main selection criteria is financial possibilities. Complex projects of hip, gable and hipped roofs require a large amount of expensive building materials and professional responsible work of experienced roofers.

In the construction of private houses, it is customary to use a pitched roof structure. This approach has many positive aspects. This is the possibility of arranging additional living quarters under the roof, and high-quality removal of precipitation from its surface. But these benefits can be completely canceled if a quality pitched roof is not made. After all, it is the roof that is the shield that protects the roof structure from various atmospheric phenomena and prevents its destruction. To make a reliable pitched roof with your own hands is quite within the power of anyone who knows how to handle a tool, understands the design of the roof, its nodes and materials.

The creation of any building structure will be impossible without an understanding of what elements it consists of and how it is arranged. And the roof of a private house is no exception. In addition, knowing the device of a pitched roof, you can be sure of the correctness of the work performed, which will minimize possible errors or completely eliminate them. In addition, knowledge of the design of a pitched roof will help to perform all the necessary calculations on the materials for its creation.

The main nodes of the pitched roof are as follows:

• truss structure, consisting of Mauerlat, rafters, battens and counter battens;
• an insulating layer consisting of steam, hydro and thermal insulation;
• roof ventilation;
• roofing material.

In the photo above, the entire roof structure is shown in more detail:

The main load-bearing element, on which the entire multi-layer roof pie is fixed, are the rafters. The entire truss structure is erected at the final stage of building the box of the house. The base and at the same time the connection with the walls of the house is the Mauerlat. The rafters are supported and fixed at a certain angle on it. In this case, the truss structure can be for a shed roof, and then the angle of inclination is taken 20 - 30 degrees, for gable and hip roofs, the angle will be 25 - 45 degrees. But for the mansard roof, two angles of inclination will be used: for the lower part 45 - 60 degrees, and for the upper 25 - 35. Wood is usually used as a material for the roof structure, less often metal.

Especially it is necessary to highlight the crate and counter-lattice. Since it is these two elements of the roof structure that are responsible for fastening all layers of the roofing pie, and also provide under-roof ventilation. In this case, the crate can be ordinary and solid. Wooden planks with a section of 50x40 mm or 25x100 mm, or sheets of moisture-resistant plywood, can act as crates. It is customary to use 30x50 mm bars for the counter-lattice. It is the presence of a counter-lattice that allows you to create a ventilation gap between the roofing material and the insulating layer of the roof.

Roof insulation

When arranging a pitched roof, special attention is paid to the creation of an insulating layer. This is due to a number of factors. Firstly, with the help of an insulating cake, the roof structure is protected from moisture. Secondly, high-quality roof insulation includes heat-insulating material, which ensures protection of the roof and interior from temperature changes. Thirdly, a properly designed insulating pie of a pitched roof allows excess moisture to be removed from the interior, which has a positive effect on the climate in the house and ensures the durability of the entire structure.

The following materials are used for thermal insulation: mineral or glass wool, polystyrene foam, extruded polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, foamed glass, ecowool. It is quite difficult to determine which heat-insulating material from the presented ones is better. Someone prefers polystyrene, someone mineral wool. The choice should be based on the requirements for thermal insulation material. But it is necessary to note the following point. When choosing, pay attention to the vapor permeability of thermal insulation. It depends on this whether moisture will accumulate under the roof, or whether it can freely go outside.

For the vapor and waterproofing layer that protects the thermal insulation, a superdiffusion membrane is used. Its main advantage is the one-way throughput to remove moisture without passing back. To protect against possible leaks, a polyethylene film, roofing felt, or the same superdiffusion membrane is laid directly under the roofing material. What exactly will be laid depends on personal preferences and the allocated budget.

Roofing material acts as protection of the insulating cake and rafter structure from various atmospheric phenomena. There are many different roofing materials. All of them are divided into several types: natural tiles, metal tiles, composite tiles, metal seam roofing, roofing slate, wave bitumen sheets, soft and rolled roofing, asbestos-cement sheets, as well as various natural roofs. Each of these types has its own advantages and disadvantages, which should be considered when choosing a roofing material.

Requirements for materials and calculation of a pitched roof

As already noted, several groups of different materials are used to create a roof. Let us consider in more detail all the materials necessary to create a roofing pie, and also, using the example of a hip roof, we will perform the calculation of a pitched roof and all the necessary materials. It is worth noting the following: everything related to roofs, requirements and materials for them is regulated by the normative document SNiP II-26-2010. Below we consider only the basic requirements for a pitched roof and its calculation.

Requirements for materials for a pitched roof pie

Due to the fact that the roof of the house protects from various atmospheric phenomena, the requirements for roofing materials are quite strict. Among all the requirements, the following should be highlighted:

• materials must be strong and durable, able to withstand gusts of wind and snow pressure;
• roofing must be waterproof;
• roofing materials should not be afraid of temperature changes;
• roofing must be resistant to various kinds of chemical attack;
• low specific gravity of materials;
• high vapor permeability;
• fire safety and fire resistance of materials;
• good indicators of sound and noise absorption;
• roofing materials should be easy to install and maintain;
• environmental friendliness of materials.

The final choice of roofing depends on the angle of the rafters, as there are slope restrictions for some materials. The table below shows the main roofing materials and the angles of inclination for them.

Table 1.

Unfortunately, materials with ideal performance do not exist. Each has its own shortcomings. But when creating a pitched roof cake, you can choose materials so that they complement each other.

Calculation of pitched roof

Performing calculations for a pitched roof is quite simple. It is enough to recall the school geometry course and know some of the features in the calculations for different types of roofing. Consider, using the example of a hip (four-pitched) roof, the entire calculation algorithm.

First you need to calculate the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe roof. There are no special difficulties here. The hip roof consists of two isosceles trapezoids and two isosceles triangles. Now, using Heron's area formula for a trapezoid and a triangle from a school geometry course, we calculate the total area.

For example, for triangular slopes with sides of 3 m and a base of 4 m, the area will be 4.47 m2. For slopes in the form of a trapezoid with sides of 3 m, a base of 6 m and a top of 4 m, the area will be 14.14 m2. Now, adding up the results obtained and multiplying them by 2, we get the total area of ​​the hip roof of 37.22 m2. The areas for other types of pitched roofs are calculated in a similar way. The only thing worth noting is the need for a 15 - 20% surcharge to the result obtained. This is necessary for two reasons. Firstly, in the process of creating a roof, there may be unforeseen errors, and material replacement will be required. Secondly, many materials will overlap, which will steal part of their total area.

But as already noted, for various types of roofs there are some little tricks that must be taken into account in the calculations. So for a roof made of metal or ceramic tiles, in addition to the roof area, it is necessary to take into account the total length of the ridges, the total length of the ridges and their number, the total length of the overhangs and their number, the total length of the valleys and their number, the total length of the junctions. All this is necessary for the purchase of roofing sheets and related materials.

When calculating a soft roof, one should take into account the appearance of the elements of the soft roof, the method of laying sheets, the useful and full width, overhangs and ridge ceilings, the size of the overlap, as well as the alignment of the pattern, if any.

For calculations of sheet roofing made of slate, corrugated board, copper sheets and galvanized sheets, the dimensions of the sheets, the configuration of the roof, overlaps and interlocks, overlapping of ridges, overhangs, as well as all related materials for fasteners are taken into account.

As for insulating materials, everything is somewhat simpler. For hydro and vapor barriers, the total roof area is used with a 20% surcharge for overlaps. But for thermal insulation, you will have to perform several measurements of the openings between the rafters, since this is where the insulation will fit. But in the case when it is planned to make a double layer of insulation covering the rafters, it is necessary to measure the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe inner part of the roof.

Separately, it is necessary to allocate materials for the crate. As already noted, the crate itself can be both solid and ordinary. For solid, either wide boards or moisture-resistant plywood are used. The calculation of their number is based on the total area of ​​the roof. But for ordinary battens and counter battens, everything is somewhat different. The calculation is based on the number of rows multiplied by the length of the roof. The step for it is selected based on the slope of the roof, as well as the material used for the roof. The table below shows the relationship between the pitch of the batten and the slope of the roof.

As for the selection of the crate step, then everything is quite simple. Under materials such as corrugated board, ceramic tiles or slate, the step of the crate is taken such that the sheets lie on the crate with their edges.

Pitched roof installation

The arrangement of a pitched roof is carried out in several stages: the creation of a crate, steam and waterproofing of the roof, the laying of heat-insulating material, the creation of a counter-lattice and the laying of the roofing. Most jobs do not require any special skills or abilities. Only laying roofing may require specialized knowledge and skills. The whole process of creating a roof, depending on the materials used, will require the coordinated work of two or three people. If roofing work is performed by you for the first time, then the presence and assistance of a specialist will not be superfluous.

Moisture protection for a multi-layer roofing cake is of paramount importance. This is especially true for the thermal insulation layer. Therefore, the first thing we begin with the arrangement of the roof is waterproofing. All work is carried out after the installation of the rafters. The insulation material itself, namely the superdiffusion membrane, can be laid in two ways. The first - the material is laid over the rafters, the second - it is fixed on the inside of the rafters. It is preferable to choose the first one, since in this case the rafters will also be protected from moisture.

When laying a superdiffusion membrane, care must be taken to ensure that it sags slightly between the rafters. This will protect it from damage during severe frosts, due to which the material becomes brittle and can tear from strong tension.

The membrane itself has a width of 1.5 m, therefore, in the process of its laying, the edges of the canvases are overlapped, and for a reliable connection they are glued with adhesive tape. In this case, the flooring is carried out along the roof, starting from the bottom. Thus, each next canvas will overlap the previous one, and moisture will simply roll off without getting inside. It is mandatory to lay one canvas along the ridge to create a solid protection against moisture. The fixing of the membrane is carried out with the help of an ordinary crate stuffed on top.

Important! As already noted, when creating a pitched roof cake, several layers of waterproofing are laid. The one described above is the main one, all the rest only supplement it.

Pitched roof insulation

After laying and fixing the superdiffusion membrane, we proceed to laying the thermal insulation for the pitched roof. There are no special difficulties in the works themselves. Depending on the insulation you choose, it is laid between the rafters from the inside of the roof.

In doing so, several important points should be noted. First, the material must fit snugly into the space between the rafters. Therefore, such heaters as mineral or glass wool are cut in such a way that the mats are 5 - 10 mm larger. Then the material will enter tightly, will not hump and there will be no gaps. Secondly, if polystyrene foam or extruded polystyrene foam, foamed glass was chosen, the plates are cut end-to-end. Again, so that they fit tightly, leaving no gaps. A layer of vapor barrier membrane is laid over the wool. The fixation of the heat insulator and the membrane is carried out with the help of lathing laths stuffed over them.

But if cotton wool is quite soft and can be easily deformed, then certain difficulties may arise with solid materials. Often, when using such heat-insulating materials, small gaps remain between the rafters and the insulation itself, which are cold bridges. To eliminate this drawback, another one is laid on top of the already laid layer of thermal insulation. But this method is quite expensive. Therefore, when using insulation such as polystyrene or EPS, a layer of thermal insulation is laid on top of the rafters.

Roofing installation

The final step in creating a pitched roof is laying the roofing material. Depending on the material, laying is carried out in various ways. The work itself begins with stuffing the counter-lattice. In doing so, the following should be noted. For soft roofing materials, the counter-lattice is the basis and therefore it will be continuous. For solid roofing materials such as slate, shingles or metal sheets, the counter battens are made of slats. Consider, using the example of laying bituminous tiles and slate, how roofing material is laid for a pitched roof.

The laying of bituminous tiles, like the laying of most soft roofing materials, is carried out as follows. Starting from the bottom of the roof, a layer of roofing felt waterproofing is laid on a continuous crate. The rolls are rolled out along the roof and fixed with special roofing nails. Then the tile itself is laid on top of the roofing material. All work is done from the bottom up. Sheets of tiles are overlapped to each other and fixed with the same nails for the roof. At the same time, it is necessary to monitor compliance with the drawing so that there are no distortions and empty spaces. Ridges, ridges and roof valleys are closed last, thus creating an integral roof covering.

Creating a pitched roof from slate is fundamentally different from the roof of their soft materials. First of all, this concerns the counter-lattice. For it, bars are used that are stuffed over the crate, thereby forming a gap for ventilation. In addition, a crutch is stuffed at the base of the overhang, on which the slate will rest. The laying of slate itself is carried out with one or two assistants, since the sheets are quite heavy. All installation work is as follows. Lifting up one or more sheets, they are laid out along the lower edge of the roof. Each sheet overlaps the previous one. Then they are nailed to the crate using special nails with a wide hat. The next rows of slate are laid on top of the previous one with an overlap and immediately nailed to the crate. The work is quite dangerous, as it requires a certain skill and physical preparation. The ridge run, ridges and valleys are closed last. For them, metal corner ebbs or corner slates are used.

Work on the creation of a pitched roof can only at first glance seem like a simple task. But for those who have never done it, its arrangement will be a serious test. In addition, any beginner is not immune from mistakes that are not acceptable for roofing. The best way out in such a situation would be the help of professional roofers who can help both with advice and deed.