Determination of combustibility of materials. Classification of building materials for fire hazard. Material Safety Parameters

GOST 30244-94

Group G19

INTERSTATE STANDARD

BUILDING MATERIALS

Flammability test methods

building materials. Methods for combustibility test

ISS 13.220.50
91.100.01
OKSTU 5719

Introduction date 1996-01-01

FOREWORD

1 DEVELOPED by the State Central Research and Design and Experimental Institute for Complex Problems of Building Structures and Structures named after V.A. Kucherenko (TsNIISK named after Kucherenko) and the Center for Fire Research and Thermal Protection in Construction TsNIISK (TsPITZS TsNIISK) of the Russian Federation

INTRODUCED by the Ministry of Construction of Russia

2 ADOPTED by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization and Technical Regulation in Construction (MNTKS) on November 10, 1993

Voted to accept:


State name	Name of the public administration body for construction
The Republic of Azerbaijan	Gosstroy of the Republic of Azerbaijan
Republic of Armenia	State Architecture of the Republic of Armenia
Republic of Belarus	Ministry of Construction and Architecture of the Republic of Belarus
The Republic of Kazakhstan	Ministry of Construction of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Kyrgyz Republic	Gosstroy of the Kyrgyz Republic
The Republic of Moldova	Ministry of Architecture of the Republic of Moldova
Russian Federation	Ministry of Construction of Russia
The Republic of Tajikistan	Gosstroy of the Republic of Tajikistan
The Republic of Uzbekistan	Goskomarchitektstroy of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Ukraine	State Committee for Urban Development of Ukraine

3 Clause 6 of this International Standard is the authentic text of ISO 1182-80* Fire tests - Building materials - Non-combustibility tests - Construction Materials. - Test for incombustibility (Third edition 1990-12-01).
________________
* Access to international and foreign documents mentioned in the text can be obtained by contacting the User Support Service. - Database manufacturer's note.

4 ENTERED INTO EFFECT on January 1, 1996 as the state standard of the Russian Federation by Decree of the Ministry of Construction of Russia of August 4, 1995 N 18-79

5 INSTEAD OF ST SEV 382-76, ST SEV 2437-80

6 REVISION. January 2006

1 area of use

This standard establishes methods for testing building materials for combustibility and classifying them into combustibility groups.

The standard does not apply to varnishes, paints, and other building materials in the form of solutions, powders and granules.

2 Normative references

This standard uses references to the following standards:

GOST 12.1.033-81 Occupational safety standards system. Fire safety. Terms and Definitions

GOST 18124-95 Flat asbestos-cement sheets. Specifications

3 Definitions

This standard uses the terms and definitions in accordance with GOST 12.1.033, as well as the following terms.

sustainable flame burning: Continuous flame burning of the material for at least 5 s.

exposed surface: The surface of the specimen exposed to heat and/or open flame during the combustibility test.

4 Fundamentals

4.1 Test Method I (Section 6) is intended to classify building materials as non-combustible or combustible.

4.2 Test Method II (Section 7) is intended for testing combustible building materials in order to determine their combustibility groups.

5 Classification of building materials by flammability groups

5.1 Building materials, depending on the values of the combustibility parameters determined by method I, are divided into non-combustible (NG) and combustible (G).

5.2 Building materials are classified as non-combustible with the following values of combustibility parameters:

- temperature increase in the furnace is not more than 50°С;

- weight loss of the sample is not more than 50%;

- the duration of stable flame burning is not more than 10 s.

Building materials that do not satisfy at least one of the specified parameter values are classified as combustible.

5.3 Combustible building materials, depending on the values of the combustibility parameters determined by method II, are divided into four combustibility groups: G1, G2, G3, G4 in accordance with Table 1. Materials should be assigned to a specific combustibility group, provided that all values of the parameters established by table 1 for this group.

Table 1 - Combustibility groups


Flammability group materials	Flammability parameters
	Temperature flue gases , °С	Degree damage by lenght , %	Degree damage by weight, %	Duration of self-burning, s




Note - For materials of flammability groups G1-G3, the formation of burning melt drops during testing is not allowed.

6 Flammability test method for classifying building materials as non-combustible or combustible

Method I

6.1 Scope

The method is used for homogeneous building materials.

For laminated materials, the method can be used as an estimate. In this case, the tests are carried out for each layer constituting the material.

Homogeneous materials - materials consisting of one substance or an evenly distributed mixture of different substances (for example, wood, foam plastics, polystyrene concrete, particle boards).

Laminated materials - materials made from two or more layers of homogeneous materials (for example, gypsum boards, paper-laminated plastics, homogeneous materials with flame retardant treatment).

6.2 Test pieces

6.2.1 For each test, five cylindrical specimens are made of the following dimensions: diameter mm, height (50 ± 3) mm.

6.2.2 If the thickness of the material is less than 50 mm, the specimens are made from an appropriate number of layers to provide the required thickness. In order to prevent the formation of air gaps between them, the layers of material are tightly connected using thin steel wire with a maximum diameter of 0.5 mm.

6.2.3 In the upper part of the sample, a hole with a diameter of 2 mm should be provided for installing a thermocouple in the geometric center of the sample.

6.2.4 The samples are conditioned in a ventilated oven at a temperature of (60 ± 5) ° C for 20-24 hours, after which they are cooled in a desiccator.

6.2.5 Before testing, each sample is weighed, determining its mass to the nearest 0,1 g.

6.3 Test equipment

6.3.1 In the following description of the equipment, all dimensions, except those given with tolerances, are nominal.

6.3.2 The test apparatus (Figure A.1) consists of a furnace placed in a thermally insulating environment; cone-shaped air flow stabilizer; a protective screen that provides traction; a sample holder and a device for introducing the sample holder into the furnace; the frame on which the furnace is mounted.

6.3.3 The furnace is a pipe made of refractory material (table 2) with a density of (2800±300) kg/m, height (150±1) mm, inner diameter (75±1) mm, wall thickness (10±1) mm. The total wall thickness, taking into account the refractory cement layer fixing the electric heating element, should not exceed 15 mm.


Material
Alumina (AlO)
or silica and alumina (SiO, AlO)
Iron(III) oxide FeO
Titanium dioxide (TiO)
Manganese oxide (MnO)
Traces of other oxides (potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium)	Rest

6.3.5 The tube furnace is installed in the center of a shell filled with insulating material (outer diameter 200 mm, height 150 mm, wall thickness 10 mm). The upper and lower parts of the casing are limited by plates having recesses on the inside for fixing the ends of the tube furnace. The space between the tube furnace and the shell walls is filled with powdered magnesium oxide with a density of (140±20) kg/m.

6.3.6 The lower part of the tube furnace is connected to a 500 mm cone-shaped air flow stabilizer. The inner diameter of the stabilizer should be (75±1) mm at the top, (10±0.5) mm at the bottom. The stabilizer is made of sheet steel 1 mm thick. The inner surface of the stabilizer must be polished. The seam between the stabilizer and the furnace should be tightly fitted to ensure tightness and carefully processed to eliminate roughness. The upper half of the stabilizer is insulated from the outside with a layer of mineral fiber 25 mm thick [thermal conductivity (0.04±0.01) W/(m·K) at 20°C].

6.3.7. The upper part of the furnace is equipped with a protective screen made of the same material as the stabilizer cone. Screen height should be 50 mm, inner diameter (75±1) mm. The inner surface of the screen and the connecting seam with the furnace are carefully processed until a smooth surface is obtained. The outer part is insulated with a layer of mineral fiber 25 mm thick [thermal conductivity (0.04±0.01) W/(m·K) at 20°C].

6.3.8 The unit, consisting of a furnace, a cone-shaped stabilizer and a protective screen, is mounted on a frame equipped with a base and a screen to protect the lower part of the cone-shaped stabilizer from directed air flows. The height of the protective screen is approximately 550 mm, the distance from the bottom of the conical stabilizer to the base of the frame is approximately 250 mm.

6.3.9 To observe the fiery combustion of the sample above the furnace at a distance of 1 m at an angle of 30 °, a mirror with an area of 300 mm is installed.

6.3.10 The installation should be placed so that directional air currents or intense solar radiation, as well as other types of light radiation, do not affect the observation of the flame combustion of the sample in the furnace.

6.3.11 The sample holder (Figure A.3) is made of nichrome or high temperature steel wire. The basis of the holder is a thin mesh made of heat-resistant steel. The mass of the holder shall be (15 ± 2) g. The design of the specimen holder shall allow it to be freely suspended from the bottom of a 6 mm outer diameter stainless steel tube with a 4 mm diameter hole drilled in it.

6.3.12 The device for introducing the sample holder consists of metal rods that move freely within the guides installed on the sides of the casing (Figure A.1). The device for introducing the sample holder must ensure its smooth movement along the axis of the tube furnace and rigid fixation in the geometric center of the furnace.

6.3.13 For temperature measurement use nickel/chromium or nickel/aluminum thermocouples with a nominal diameter of 0.3 mm, insulated junction. Thermocouples must have a 1.5 mm stainless steel protective sheath.

6.3.14 New thermocouples are artificially aged to reduce reflectivity.

6.3.15 The furnace thermocouple should be installed so that its hot junction is at the middle of the height of the tubular furnace at a distance of (10 ± 0.5) mm from its wall. A guide rod is used to set the thermocouple in the indicated position (Figure A.4). The fixed position of the thermocouple is ensured by placing it in a guide tube attached to the protective screen.

6.3.16 The thermocouple for measuring the temperature in the sample should be installed so that its hot junction is at the geometric center of the sample.

6.3.17 The thermocouple for measuring the temperature on the surface of the sample should be installed so that its hot junction from the very beginning of the test was at the middle of the height of the sample in close contact with its surface. The thermocouple should be installed in a position diametrically opposed to the furnace thermocouple (Figure A.5).

6.3.18 Temperature registration is carried out throughout the experiment using appropriate instruments.

The circuit diagram of the installation with measuring instruments is shown in Figure A6.

6.4 Preparing the setup for testing

6.4.1 Remove the sample holder from the oven. The furnace thermocouple shall be installed in accordance with 6.3.15.

6.4.2 Connect the furnace heating element to the power source in accordance with the diagram shown in Figure A.6. During testing, automatic control of the temperature in the furnace should not be carried out.

NOTE A new tube furnace should be warmed up gradually. A stepwise mode with a step of 200°C and holding for 2 hours at each temperature is recommended.

6.4.3 Set a stable temperature regime in the furnace. Stabilization is considered to be achieved provided that the average temperature in the furnace is maintained in the range of 745-755°C for at least 10 minutes. In this case, the permissible deviation from the boundaries of the specified range should be no more than 2 ° C for 10 minutes.

6.4.4 After the furnace has stabilized in accordance with 6.4.3, the temperature of the furnace wall should be measured. Measurements are taken along three equidistant vertical axes. On each axis, the temperature is measured at three points: at the middle of the height of the tube furnace, at a distance of 30 mm up and 30 mm down the axis. For ease of measurement, a scanning device with thermocouples and insulating tubes can be used (Figure A.7). When measuring, close contact of the thermocouple with the furnace wall should be ensured. Thermocouple readings at each point should be recorded only after reaching stable readings for 5 minutes.

6.4.5 The average temperature of the furnace wall, calculated as the arithmetic average of the thermocouple readings at all points listed in 6.4.4, shall be (835 ± 10)°C. The temperature of the furnace wall shall be maintained within the specified limits prior to the start of the test.

6.4.6 In case of incorrect installation of the chimney (upside down), it is necessary to check the compliance of its orientation shown in Figure A.2. To do this, use a thermocouple scanner to measure the temperature of the furnace wall along one axis every 10 mm. The obtained temperature profile with the correct setting corresponds to that depicted by a solid line, with an incorrect one - by a dotted line (Figure A.8).

Note - The operations described in 6.4.2-6.4.4 should be carried out when commissioning a new installation or when replacing the chimney, heating element, thermal insulation, power supply.

6.5 Testing

6.5.1 Remove the sample holder from the oven, check the setting of the oven thermocouple, turn on the power supply.

6.5.2 Stabilize the oven in accordance with 6.4.3.

6.5.3 Place the sample in the holder, install the thermocouples in the center and on the surface of the sample in accordance with 6.3.16-6.3.17.

6.5.4 Insert the sample holder into the oven and install it in accordance with 6.3.12. The duration of the operation should be no more than 5 s.

6.5.5 Start the stopwatch immediately after introducing the sample into the oven. During the test, record thermocouple readings in the furnace, at the center and on the surface of the sample.

6.5.6 The duration of the test is normally 30 minutes. The test is terminated after 30 min, provided that temperature balance has been reached by this time. The temperature balance is considered achieved if the readings of each of the three thermocouples change by no more than 2°C in 10 minutes. In this case, the final thermocouples are fixed in the furnace, in the center and on the surface of the sample.

If, after 30 min, temperature balance has not been achieved for at least one of the three thermocouples, the test is continued, checking for temperature balance at intervals of 5 min.

6.5.7 When the temperature balance is reached for all three thermocouples, the test is terminated and its duration recorded.

6.5.8 Remove the sample holder from the oven, cool the sample in a desiccator and weigh.

Residues (carbonization products, ash, etc.) falling off the sample during or after the test are collected, weighed and included in the mass of the sample after the test.

6.5.9 During the test, record all observations regarding the behavior of the specimen and record the following:

- mass of the sample before testing, g;

- mass of the sample after testing, g;

- initial furnace temperature, °C;

- maximum furnace temperature, °C;

- final temperature of the furnace, °C;

- maximum temperature in the center of the sample, °С;

- final temperature in the center of the sample, °С;

- maximum sample surface temperature, °C;

- final temperature of the sample surface, °С;

- the duration of stable flame combustion of the sample, s.

6.6 Handling results

6.6.1 Calculate for each sample the temperature rise in the oven, in the center and on the surface of the sample:

a) temperature increase in the furnace

b) temperature increase in the center of the sample

c) temperature increase on the sample surface.

6.6.2 Calculate the arithmetic mean (over five samples) of the temperature increase in the furnace, in the center and on the surface of the sample.

6.6.3 Calculate the arithmetic mean value (for five samples) of the duration of stable flame burning.

6.6.4 Calculate the weight loss for each sample (as a percentage of the initial weight of the sample) and determine the arithmetic mean of the five samples.

6.7 Test report

The test report provides the following data:

- date of testing;

- name of the customer;

- name of the material or product;

- code of technical documentation for the material or product;

- description of the material or product, indicating the composition, method of manufacture and other characteristics;

- the name of each material that is an integral part of the product, indicating the thickness of the layer and the method of fastening (for prefabricated elements);

- method of manufacturing a sample;

- test results (indicators determined during testing according to 6.5.9 and design parameters of combustibility according to 6.6.1-6.6.4);

- photographs of samples after testing;

- a conclusion based on the test results indicating which type the material belongs to: combustible or non-combustible;

- duration of the conclusion.

7 Test method for combustible building materials to determine their combustibility groups

Method II

7.1 Scope

The method is used for all homogeneous and layered combustible building materials, including those used as finishing and facing, as well as paint and varnish coatings.

7.2 Test pieces

7.2.1 For each test, 12 specimens, 1000 mm long and 190 mm wide, are made. The thickness of the samples should correspond to the thickness of the material used in real conditions. If the material thickness is more than 70 mm, the thickness of the specimens shall be 70 mm.

7.2.2 During the preparation of specimens, the surface to be exposed shall not be treated.

7.2.3 Samples for standard testing of materials used only as finishing and facing, as well as for testing paint coatings, are made in combination with a non-combustible base. The fastening method must ensure close contact between the surfaces of the material and the base.

As a non-combustible base, asbestos-cement sheets with a thickness of 10 or 12 mm should be used according to GOST 18124.

In cases where the conditions for standard testing are not provided in the specific technical documentation, the samples must be made with the base and fastening specified in the technical documentation.

7.2.4 The thickness of paint coatings must comply with those adopted in the technical documentation, but have at least four layers.

7.2.5 For materials used both independently (for example, for structures) and as finishing and facing materials, samples must be made in accordance with 7.2.1 (one set) and 7.2.3 (one set).

In this case, tests should be carried out separately for the material and separately using it as finishes and facings, determining the combustibility groups for all cases.

7.2.6 For non-symmetrical laminates with different surfaces, two sets of specimens (according to 7.2.1) are made to expose both surfaces. In this case, the combustibility group of the material is set according to the worst result.

7.3 Test equipment

7.3.1 The test facility consists of a combustion chamber, an air supply system to the combustion chamber, a gas outlet pipe, and a ventilation system for removing combustion products (Figure B.1).

7.3.2 The design of the walls of the combustion chamber shall ensure the stability of the test temperature regime established by this standard. For this purpose, it is recommended to use the following materials:

- for the inner and outer surface of the walls - sheet steel 1.5 mm thick;

- for the heat-insulating layer - mineral wool boards [density 100 kg/m, thermal conductivity 0.1 W/(m K), thickness 40 mm].

7.3.3 Install the sample holder, ignition source, diaphragm in the combustion chamber. The front wall of the combustion chamber is equipped with a door with glazed openings. An opening with a plug for introducing thermocouples should be provided in the center of the side wall of the chamber.

7.3.4 The sample holder consists of four rectangular frames located along the perimeter of the ignition source (Figure B.1), and must ensure the position of the sample relative to the ignition source shown in Figure B.2, the stability of the position of each of the four samples until the end of the test. The sample holder should be mounted on a support frame that allows it to move freely in the horizontal plane. The sample holder and fasteners must not overlap the sides of the exposed surface by more than 5 mm.

7.3.5 The ignition source is a gas burner consisting of four separate segments. Mixing of gas with air is carried out using holes located on the gas supply pipes at the entrance to the segment. The location of the burner segments relative to the sample and its schematic diagram are shown in Figure B.2.

7.3.6 The air supply system consists of a fan, a rotameter and a diaphragm and must ensure the entry into the lower part of the combustion chamber of an air flow uniformly distributed over its cross section in the amount of (10±1.0) m/min with a temperature of at least (20±2)° FROM.

7.3.7 The diaphragm is made of a perforated steel sheet 1.5 mm thick with holes with diameters of (20 ± 0.2) mm and (25 ± 0.2) mm and a metal wire mesh located above it at a distance of (10 ± 2) mm with a diameter of not more than 1.2 mm with a mesh size of not more than 1.5x1.5 mm. The distance between the diaphragm and the upper plane of the burner must be at least 250 mm.

7.3.8 A flue pipe with a cross section of (0.25 ± 0.025) m and a length of at least 750 mm is located in the upper part of the combustion chamber. Four thermocouples are installed in the gas outlet pipe to measure the temperature of the exhaust gases (Figure B.1).

7.3.9 The ventilation system for the removal of combustion products consists of an umbrella installed above the flue pipe, an air duct and a ventilation pump.

7.3.10 To measure the temperature during testing, use thermocouples with a diameter of not more than 1.5 mm and appropriate recording instruments.

7.4 Test preparation

7.4.1 Preparation for the test consists in carrying out a calibration in order to establish the gas flow rate (l / min), which ensures the test temperature regime established by this standard in the combustion chamber (table 3).

Table 3 - Test mode


Distance from bottom edges of the calibration sample, mm	Temperature, °С
	maximum	minimal

7.4.2 Calibration of the installation is carried out on four samples of steel with dimensions of 1000x190x1.5 mm.

Note - To give rigidity, it is recommended to manufacture calibration samples from sheet steel with flanging.

7.4.3 Temperature control during calibration is carried out according to the readings of thermocouples (10 pcs.) Installed on calibration samples (6 pcs.) And thermocouples (4 pcs.) Permanently installed in the gas outlet pipe (7.3.8).

7.4.4 Thermocouples are mounted along the central axis of any two opposite calibration samples at the levels indicated in Table 3. The hot junction of the thermocouples shall be at a distance of 10 mm from the exposed surface of the sample. Thermocouples must not come into contact with the calibration sample. Ceramic tubes are recommended for isolating thermocouples.

7.4.5 Calibration of the shaft furnace is carried out every 30 tests and when measuring the composition of the gas supplied to the ignition source.

7.4.6 Sequence of operations during calibration:

- install the calibration sample in the holder;

- install thermocouples on calibration samples in accordance with 7.4.4;

- insert the holder with the sample into the combustion chamber, turn on the measuring instruments, air supply, exhaust ventilation, ignition source, close the door, record the thermocouple readings 10 minutes after turning on the ignition source.

If the temperature regime in the combustion chamber does not meet the requirements of Table 3, repeat the calibration at other gas flow rates.

The gas flow rate set during the calibration should be used in the test until the next calibration.

7.5 Testing

7.5.1 Three tests should be carried out for each material. Each of the three tests consists of simultaneously testing four samples of the material.

7.5.2 Check the flue gas temperature measurement system by turning on the measuring devices and the air supply. This operation is carried out with the combustion chamber door closed and the ignition source switched off. The deviation of the readings of each of the four thermocouples from their arithmetic mean value should be no more than 5°C.

7.5.3 Weigh four samples, place in the holder, introduce it into the combustion chamber.

7.5.4 Turn on measuring devices, air supply, exhaust ventilation, ignition source, close the chamber door.

7.5.5 The duration of exposure to the flame sample from the ignition source shall be 10 min. After 10 minutes, the ignition source is turned off. In the presence of a flame or signs of smoldering, the duration of self-burning (smoldering) is recorded. The test is considered complete after the specimens have cooled down to ambient temperature.

7.5.6 After the end of the test, turn off the air supply, exhaust ventilation, measuring instruments, remove the samples from the combustion chamber.

7.5.7 For each test, the following indicators are determined:

- flue gas temperature;

- the duration of self-burning and (or) smoldering;

- the length of damage to the sample;

- the mass of the sample before and after the test.

7.5.8 During the test, the temperature of the flue gases is recorded at least twice per minute according to the readings of all four thermocouples installed in the gas outlet pipe, and the duration of spontaneous combustion of the samples is recorded (in the presence of a flame or signs of smoldering).

7.5.9 During the test, the following observations are also recorded:

- time to reach the maximum flue gas temperature;

- transfer of flame to the ends and unheated surface of the samples;

- through burnout of samples;

- formation of a burning melt;

- appearance of samples after testing: soot deposition, discoloration, melting, sintering, shrinkage, swelling, warping, cracking, etc.;

- time to flame propagation along the entire length of the sample;

- duration of combustion along the entire length of the sample.

7.6 Processing of test results

7.6.1 After the end of the test, measure the length of the segments of the undamaged part of the samples (according to Figure B3) and determine the residual mass of the samples.

The intact part of the sample is considered to be that which has not burned or charred either on the surface or inside. Soot deposition, discoloration of the sample, local chips, sintering, melting, swelling, shrinkage, warping, change in surface roughness are not considered damage.

The measurement result is rounded to the nearest 1 cm.

The undamaged part of the samples remaining on the holder is weighed. The weighing accuracy must be at least 1% of the initial mass of the sample.

7.6.2 Processing of the results of one test (four samples)

7.6.2.1 The flue gas temperature is assumed to be equal to the arithmetic mean of the simultaneously recorded maximum temperature readings of all four thermocouples installed in the flue pipe.

7.6.2.2 The damage length of one sample is determined by the difference between the nominal length before testing (according to 7.2.1) and the arithmetic mean length of the undamaged part of the sample, determined from the lengths of its segments, measured in accordance with Figure B.3.

Measured lengths of segments should be rounded to the nearest 1 cm.

7.6.2.3 The test specimen damage length is determined as the arithmetic mean of the damage lengths of each of the four test specimens.

7.6.2.4 The mass damage of each specimen is determined by the difference between the mass of the specimen before testing and its residual mass after testing.

7.6.2.5 The mass damage of the specimens is determined by the arithmetic mean of this damage for the four specimens tested.

7.6.3 Processing of the results of three tests (determination of combustibility parameters)

7.6.3.1 When processing the results of three tests, the following combustibility parameters of the building material are calculated:

- flue gas temperature;

- duration of self-burning;

- degree of damage along the length;

- the degree of damage by weight.

7.6.3.2 The temperature of the flue gases (, °C) and the duration of spontaneous combustion (, s) are determined as the arithmetic mean of the results of three tests.

7.6.3.3 The degree of damage along the length (, %) is determined by the percentage of the length of damage to the samples to their nominal length and is calculated as the arithmetic mean of this ratio from the results of each test.

7.6.3.4 The degree of damage by weight (, %) is determined by the percentage of the mass of the damaged part of the samples to the initial one (according to the results of one test) and is calculated as the arithmetic mean of this ratio from the results of each test.

7.6.3.5 The results are rounded off to whole numbers.

7.6.3.6 The material should be assigned to the flammability group in accordance with 5.3 (table 1).

7.7 Test report

7.7.1 The following data is given in the test report:

- date of testing;

- name of the laboratory conducting the test;

- name of the customer;

- name of the material;

Code of technical documentation for the material;

- description of the material indicating the composition, method of manufacture and other characteristics;

- the name of each material that is an integral part of the layered material, indicating the thickness of the layer;

- a method of manufacturing a sample with an indication of the base material and the method of fastening;

- additional observations during testing;

- characteristics of the exposed surface;

- test results (combustibility parameters according to 7.6.3);

- photograph of the sample after the test;

- conclusion based on the test results on the combustibility group of the material.

For materials tested in accordance with 7.2.3 and 7.2.5, the combustibility groups are indicated for all cases established by these clauses;

- duration of the conclusion.

APPENDIX A (mandatory). SET FOR TESTING BUILDING MATERIALS FOR FIRE-RESISTANCE (method I)

APPENDIX A
(mandatory)

1 - bed; 2 - isolation; 3 - refractory pipe; 4 - magnesium oxide powder; 5 - winding; 6 - damper; 7 - steel rod; 8 - limiter; 9 - sample thermocouples; 10 - stainless steel tube; 11 - sample holder; 12 - furnace thermocouple; 13 - isolation; 14 - insulating material; 15 - pipe made of asbestos cement or similar material; 16 - seal; 17 - air flow stabilizer; 18 - Sheet steel; 19 - draft protection device

Figure A.1 - General view of the installation

1 - refractory pipe; 2 - nichrome tape

Figure A.2 - Furnace winding

Thermocouple in the center of the sample; - thermocouple on the sample surface;

1 - stainless steel tube; 2 - grid (mesh size 0.9 mm, wire diameter 0.4 mm)

Figure A.3 - Sample holder

1 - wooden handle; 2 - welded seam

Furnace thermocouple; - thermocouple in the center of the sample; - thermocouple on the sample surface;

1 - furnace wall; 2 - the middle of the height of the constant temperature zone; 3 - thermocouples in a protective casing; 4 - contact of thermocouples with the material

Figure A.5 — Mutual arrangement of furnace, sample and thermocouples

1 - stabilizer; 2 - ammeter; 3 - thermocouples; 4 - furnace windings; 5 - potentiometer

Figure A.6 - Electrical diagram of the installation

1 - fire-resistant steel rod; 2 - thermocouple in a protective casing made of alumina porcelain; 3 - silver solder; 4 - steel wire; 5 - ceramic tube; 6 - hot layer

Figure A.7 — Thermocouple scanner

Figure A.8 — Furnace wall temperature profiles

APPENDIX B (mandatory). INSTALLATION FOR TESTING BUILDING MATERIALS FOR COMBUSTIBILITY (method II)

APPENDIX B
(mandatory)

1 - combustion chamber; 2 - sample holder; 3 - sample; 4 - gas-burner; 5 - air supply fan; 6 - combustion chamber door; 7 - diaphragm; 8 - ventilation tube; 9 - gas pipeline; 10 - thermocouples; 11 - exhaust umbrella; 12 - viewing window

Figure B.1 - General view of the installation

1 - sample; 2 - gas-burner; 3 - holder base (sample support)

Figure B.2 - Gas burner

1 - undamaged surface; 2 - the boundary of the damaged and undamaged surface; 3 - damaged surface

Figure B.3 - Determining the length of damage to the sample


UDC 691.001.4:006.354	ISS 13.220.50



Keywords: building materials, combustibility, test methods, classification by combustibility groups

Electronic text of the document

prepared by Kodeks JSC and verified against:
official publication
M.: Standartinform, 2008

GOST 30244-94

INTERSTATE STANDARD

BUILDING MATERIALS

TEST METHODS FOR COMBUSTIBILITY

INTERSTATE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL COMMISSION
FOR STANDARDIZATION AND TECHNICAL REGULATION
IN CONSTRUCTION (MNTKS)

Moscow

Foreword

1 DEVELOPED by the State Central Research and Design and Experimental Institute of Complex Problems of Building Structures and Structures named after V.A. Kucherenko (TsNIISK named after Kucherenko) and the Center for Fire Research and Thermal Protection in Construction TsNIISK (TsPITZS TsNIISK) of the Russian Federation

INTRODUCED by the Ministry of Construction of Russia

2 ADOPTED by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization and Technical Regulation in Construction (MNTKS) on November 10, 1993

State name	Name of the public administration body for construction
The Republic of Azerbaijan	Gosstroy of the Republic of Azerbaijan
Republic of Armenia	State Architecture of the Republic of Armenia
Republic of Belarus	Ministry of Construction and Architecture of the Republic of Belarus
The Republic of Kazakhstan	Ministry of Construction of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Kyrgyz Republic	Gosstroy of the Kyrgyz Republic
The Republic of Moldova	Ministry of Architecture of the Republic of Moldova
Russian Federation	Ministry of Construction of Russia
The Republic of Tajikistan	Gosstroy of the Republic of Tajikistan
The Republic of Uzbekistan	Goskomarchitektstroy of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Ukraine	State Committee for Urban Development of Ukraine

3 Clause 6 of this International Standard is the authentic text of ISO 1182-80 Fire tests - Building mattrifls - Non-combustibility test - Construction Materials. - Test for incombustibility" (Third Edition 1990-12-01).

4 ENTERED INTO EFFECT on January 1, 1996 as the state standard of the Russian Federation by Decree of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated August 4, 1995 No. 18-79

5 INSTEAD OF ST SEV 382-76, ST SEV 2437-80

INTERSTATE STANDARD

BUILDING MATERIALS

Flammability test methods

building materials.

Methods for combustibility test

Introduction date 1996-01-01

1 AREA OF USE

This standard establishes methods for testing building materials for combustibility and classifying them into combustibility groups.

The standard does not apply to varnishes, paints, and other building materials in the form of solutions, powders and granules.

2 REGULATORY REFERENCES

6.3.7 Equip the top of the furnace with a protective screen made of the same material as the stabilizer cone. Screen height should be 50 mm, inner diameter (75±1) mm. The inner surface of the screen and the connecting seam with the furnace are carefully processed until a smooth surface is obtained. The outer part is insulated with a layer of mineral fiber 25 mm thick [thermal conductivity (0.04 ± 0.01) W / (m × K) at 20 °C].

6.3.9 To observe the fiery combustion of the sample, a mirror with an area of 300 mm 2 is installed above the furnace at a distance of 1 m at an angle of 30 °C.

6.3.18 Temperature registration is carried out throughout the experiment using appropriate instruments.

The circuit diagram of the installation with measuring instruments is shown on.

6.4 Preparing the setup for testing

6.4.1 Remove the sample holder from the oven. Furnace thermocouple must be installed in accordance with .

Note- The operations described in - should be carried out when commissioning a new installation or when replacing the chimney, heating element, thermal insulation, power supply.

6.5Conducting a test

6.5.1 Remove the sample holder from the oven, check the setting of the oven thermocouple, turn on the power supply.

6.5.2 Stabilize the oven according to .

6.5.3 Place the sample in the holder, set the thermocouples in the center and on the surface of the sample in accordance with - .

6.5.4 Insert the sample holder into the oven and set it according to . The duration of the operation should be no more than 5 s.

6.5.5 Start the stopwatch immediately after introducing the sample into the oven. During the test, record thermocouple readings in the furnace, at the center and on the surface of the sample.

If, after 30 min, temperature balance has not been achieved for at least one of the three thermocouples, the test is continued, checking for temperature balance at intervals of 5 min.

6.5.7 When the temperature balance is reached for all three thermocouples, the test is terminated and its duration recorded.

6.5.8 Remove the sample holder from the oven, cool the sample in a desiccator and weigh.

Residues (carbonization products, ash, etc.) falling off the sample during or after the test are collected, weighed and included in the mass of the sample after the test.

Photos of samples after testing;

Conclusion on the test results indicating which type the material belongs to: combustible or non-combustible;

The duration of the conclusion.

7 METHOD OF TESTING COMBUSTIBLE BUILDING MATERIALS TO DETERMINE THEIR FIRMABILITY GROUPS

Method II

7.1 Application area

The method is used for all homogeneous and layered combustible building materials, including those used as finishing and facing, as well as paint and varnish coatings.

7.2 Samples for testing

For the inner and outer surfaces of the walls - sheet steel 1.5 mm thick;

For the heat-insulating layer - mineral wool boards [density 100 kg / m 3, thermal conductivity 0.1 W / (m × K), thickness 40 mm].

7.3.4 The sample holder consists of four rectangular frames located around the perimeter of the ignition source (), and must ensure the stability of the position of each of the four samples until the end of the test, shown on the position of the sample relative to the ignition source. The sample holder should be mounted on a support frame that allows it to move freely in the horizontal plane. The sample holder and fasteners must not overlap the sides of the exposed surface by more than 5 mm.

7.3.6 The air supply system consists of a fan, a rotameter and a diaphragm, and must ensure that an air flow uniformly distributed over its section in the amount of (10 ± 1.0) m 3 /min with a temperature of at least (20 ± 2) °C.

7.3.7 The diaphragm is made of a perforated steel sheet 1.5 mm thick with holes with diameters of (20 ± 0.2) mm and (25 ± 0.2) mm and a metal wire mesh located above it at a distance of (10 ± 2) mm with a diameter of not more than 1.2 mm with a mesh size of not more than 1.5 ´ 1.5 mm. The distance between the diaphragm and the upper plane of the burner must be at least 250 mm.

7.3.9 The ventilation system for the removal of combustion products consists of an umbrella installed above the flue pipe, an air duct and a ventilation pump.

7.3.10 To measure the temperature during testing, use thermocouples with a diameter of not more than 1.5 mm and appropriate recording instruments.

7.4 Preparing for the test

Insert the holder with the sample into the combustion chamber, turn on the measuring instruments, air supply, exhaust ventilation, ignition source, close the door, record the thermocouple readings 10 min after turning on the ignition source.

If the temperature regime in the combustion chamber does not meet the requirements, repeat the calibration at other gas flow rates.

The gas flow rate set during the calibration should be used in the test until the next calibration.

7.5 Conducting a test

7.5.1 Three tests should be carried out for each material. Each of the three tests consists of simultaneously testing four samples of the material.

7.5.3 Weigh four samples, place in the holder, introduce it into the combustion chamber.

7.5.4 Turn on measuring devices, air supply, exhaust ventilation, ignition source, close the chamber door.

7.5.6 After the end of the test, turn off the air supply, exhaust ventilation, measuring instruments, remove the samples from the combustion chamber.

7.5.7 For each test, the following indicators are determined:

flue gas temperature;

The duration of self-burning and (or) smoldering;

The length of the damage to the sample;

The mass of the sample before and after the test.

7.5.9 During the test, the following observations are also recorded:

Time to reach the maximum flue gas temperature;

Transferring the flame to the ends and unheated surface of the samples;

Through burning of samples;

Formation of a burning melt;

Appearance of samples after testing: soot deposition, discoloration, melting, sintering, shrinkage, swelling, warping, cracking, etc.;

Time to flame propagation along the entire length of the sample;

Duration of burning along the entire length of the sample.

7.6 Processing of test results

7.6.1 After the end of the test, measure the length of the segments of the undamaged part of the samples (by ) and determine the residual mass t to samples.

The intact part of the sample is considered to be that which has not burned or charred either on the surface or inside. Soot deposition, discoloration of the sample, local chips, sintering, melting, swelling, shrinkage, warping, change in surface roughness are not considered damage.

The measurement result is rounded to the nearest 1 cm.

The undamaged part of the samples remaining on the holder is weighed. The weighing accuracy must be at least 1% of the initial mass of the sample.

7.6.2 Processing of the results of one test (four samples)

7.6.2.1 Flue gas temperature T i is taken equal to the arithmetic mean of the simultaneously recorded maximum temperature readings of all four thermocouples installed in the gas outlet pipe.

7.6.2.2 The damage length of one sample is determined by the difference between the nominal length before the test (by ) and the arithmetic mean length of the undamaged part of the sample, determined from the lengths of its segments, measured in accordance with

Measured lengths of segments should be rounded to the nearest 1 cm.

7.6.2.3 The test specimen damage length is determined as the arithmetic mean of the damage lengths of each of the four test specimens.

7.6.2.4 The mass damage of each specimen is determined by the difference between the mass of the specimen before testing and its residual mass after testing.

7.6.2.5 The mass damage of the specimens is determined by the arithmetic mean of this damage for the four specimens tested.

7.7 Test report

7.7.1 The following data is given in the test report:

the date of the test;

Name of the laboratory conducting the test;

Name of the customer;

Name of material;

Code of technical documentation for the material;

Description of the material indicating the composition, method of manufacture and other characteristics;

The name of each material that is an integral part of the layered material, indicating the thickness of the layer;

Method for manufacturing a sample, indicating the base material and method of fastening;

Additional observations during the test;

Characteristics of the exposed surface;

Test results (combustibility parameters according to);

Photograph of the sample after testing;

Conclusion on the results of tests on the combustibility group of the material.

For materials tested according to and , flammability groups are indicated for all cases established by these paragraphs;

The duration of the conclusion.

APPENDIX A

(mandatory)

INSTALLATION FOR TESTING BUILDING MATERIALS FOR FIRMABILITY (method - thermocouple in the center of the sample;T s - thermocouple on the sample surface; 1 - stainless steel tube; 2 - mesh (mesh size 0.9 mm, wire diameter 0.4 mm)

Figure A3 - Sample holder

1 - wooden handle; 2 - weld

T f- furnace thermocouple; T C - thermocouple in the center of the sample;T s - thermocouple on the sample surface; 1 - furnace wall; 2 - mid-height of the constant temperature zone; 3 - thermocouples in a protective casing; 4 - thermocouple contact with material

Figure A5 - Mutual arrangement of the furnace, sample and thermocouples

, combustibility , test methods , classification by flammability groups

Classification of building materials

By origin and destination

By origin, building materials can be divided into two groups: natural and artificial.

natural called such materials that are found in nature in finished form and can be used in construction without significant processing.

artificial called building materials that are not found in nature, but are manufactured using various technological processes.

According to their purpose, building materials are divided into the following groups:

Materials intended for the construction of walls (brick, wood, metals, concrete, reinforced concrete);

Binders (cement, lime, gypsum) used to produce non-fired products, masonry and plaster;

Thermal insulation materials (foam and aerated concrete, felt, mineral wool, foam plastics, etc.);

Finishing and facing materials (rocks, ceramic tiles, various types of plastics, linoleum, etc.);

Roofing and waterproofing materials (roofing steel, tiles, asbestos-cement sheets, slate, roofing felt, roofing material, isol, brizol, poroizol, etc.)

NON-COMBUSTABLE BUILDING MATERIALS

natural stone materials. Natural stone materials are called building materials obtained from rocks through the use of only mechanical processing (crushing, sawing, splitting, grinding, etc.). They are used for the construction of walls, floors, stairs and foundations of buildings, cladding of various structures. In addition, rocks are used in the production of artificial stone materials (glass, ceramics, heat-insulating materials), as well as raw materials for the production of binders: gypsum, lime, cement.

The effect of high temperatures on natural stone materials. All natural stone materials used in construction are non-combustible, however, under the influence of high temperatures, various processes occur in stone materials, leading to a decrease in strength and destruction.

The minerals included in stone materials have different coefficients of thermal expansion, which can lead to internal stresses in the stone during heating and the appearance of defects in its internal structure.

The material undergoes a modification transformation of the structure of the crystal lattice associated with an abrupt increase in volume. This process leads to cracking of the monolith and a drop in the strength of the stone due to large thermal deformations resulting from sudden cooling.

It should be emphasized that all stone materials under the influence of high temperatures lose their properties irreversibly.

Ceramic products. Since all ceramic materials and products are fired at high temperatures during their production, repeated exposure to high temperatures under fire conditions does not significantly affect their physical and mechanical properties if these temperatures do not reach the softening (melting) temperatures of the materials. Porous ceramic materials (ordinary clay brick, etc.), obtained by firing without being brought to sintering, can be exposed to moderately high temperatures, as a result of which some shrinkage of structures made from them is possible. The impact of high temperatures during a fire on dense ceramic products, which are fired at temperatures of about 1300 ° C, practically does not have any harmful effect, since the temperature in the fire does not exceed the firing temperature.

Red clay brick is the best material for building fire walls.

Metals. In construction, metals are widely used for the construction of frames for industrial and civil buildings in the form of rolled steel profiles. A large amount of steel is used to make reinforcement for reinforced concrete. Steel and cast-iron pipes, roofing steel are used. In recent years, light building structures made of aluminum alloys have been increasingly used.

Behavior of steels in a fire. One of the most characteristic features of all metals is the ability to soften when heated and restore their physical and mechanical properties after cooling. In the event of a fire, metal structures heat up very quickly, lose strength, deform and collapse.

Reinforcing steels (see the Reference Materials section), which are obtained by additional hardening by heat treatment or cold drawing (work hardening), will behave worse in fire conditions. The reason for this phenomenon is that these steels receive additional strength due to crystal lattice distortion, and under the influence of heating, the crystal lattice returns to an equilibrium state and the increase in strength is lost.

aluminum alloys. The disadvantage of aluminum alloys is a high coefficient of thermal expansion (2-3 times higher than that of steel). When heated, there is also a sharp decrease in their physical and mechanical properties. The tensile strength and yield strength of aluminum alloys used in construction are reduced by about half at a temperature of 235-325 °C. Under fire conditions, the temperature in the room volume can reach these values in less than one minute.

Materials and products based on mineral melts and products from glass melts. This group includes: glass materials, products made from slag and stone casting, glass-ceramics and slag glass-ceramics, sheet window and display glass, patterned, reinforced, sun and heat protection, facing glass, glass profiles, double-glazed windows, glass mosaic tiles, glass blocks, etc. .

Behavior of materials and products from mineral melts at high temperatures. Materials and products made from mineral melts are non-combustible and cannot contribute to the development of a fire. Exceptions are materials based on mineral fibers containing some organic binder, such as thermal insulation mineral boards, silica boards, basalt fiber boards and rolled mats. The combustibility of such materials depends on the amount of binder introduced. In this case, its fire hazard will be determined mainly by the properties and amount of the polymer present in the composition.

Window glass does not withstand prolonged heat loads during a fire, but with slow heating it may not break down for quite a long time. The destruction of glass in light openings begins almost immediately after the flame begins to touch its surface.

Structures made of tiles, stones, blocks, obtained on the basis of mineral melts, have a significantly higher fire resistance than sheet glass, since, even after cracking, they continue to bear the load and remain sufficiently impervious to combustion products. Porous materials from mineral melts retain their structure almost to the melting point (for foam glass, for example, this temperature is about 850 ° C) and perform heat-shielding functions for a long time. Since porous materials have a very low coefficient of thermal conductivity, even at the moment when the side facing the fire melts, deeper layers can perform heat-shielding functions.

COMBUSTIBLE BUILDING MATERIALS

Wood. When wood is heated to 110 ° C, moisture is removed from it, and gaseous products of thermal destruction (decomposition) begin to be released. When heated to 150 ° C, the heated surface of the wood turns yellow, the amount of volatile substances released increases. At 150-250 °C, the wood becomes brown due to charring, and at 250-300 °C, the products of wood decomposition ignite. The self-ignition temperature of wood is in the range of 350-450 °C.

Thus, the process of thermal decomposition of wood proceeds in two phases: the first phase - decomposition - is observed when heated to 250 ° C (to the ignition temperature) and proceeds with the absorption of heat, the second, the combustion process itself, proceeds with the release of heat. The second phase, in turn, is divided into two periods: the combustion of gases formed during the thermal decomposition of wood (the fiery phase of combustion), and the combustion of the formed charcoal (the smoldering phase).

Bituminous and tar materials. Building materials, which include bitumen or tar, are called bituminous or tar.

Ruberoid and roofing felt roofs can catch fire even from low-power sources of fire, such as sparks, and continue to burn on their own, emitting a large amount of thick black smoke. When burning, bitumen and tar soften and spread, which significantly complicates the situation in a fire.

The most common and effective way to reduce the flammability of roofs made of bituminous and tar materials is to sprinkle them with sand, fill them with a continuous layer of gravel or slag, and cover them with some non-combustible tiles. A certain fire-retardant effect is obtained by coating rolled materials with foil - such coatings do not ignite under the influence of sparks.

It should be borne in mind that rolled materials made using bitumen and tar are prone to spontaneous combustion when rolled up. This circumstance must be taken into account when storing such materials.

polymer building materials. Polymer building materials (PSM) are classified according to various criteria: the type of polymer (polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, phenol-formaldehyde, etc.), production technology (extrusion, molding, roller-calender, etc.), purpose in construction (structural, finishing, flooring materials , heat and sound insulating materials, pipes, sanitary and molded products, mastics and adhesives). All polymeric building materials are highly combustible, smoke generating and toxic.

Purpose of classification substances and materials for fire and explosion hazard and fire hazard (Chapter 3, Article 10-13 of Federal Law No. 123):

1. The classification of substances and materials according to fire and explosion hazard and fire hazard is used to establish fire safety requirements for the receipt of substances and materials, application, storage, transportation, processing and disposal.

2. To establish fire safety requirements for the construction of buildings, structures and fire protection systems, the classification of building materials according to fire hazard is used.

Classification of building materials for fire hazard (Article 13 of the Federal Law No. 123).

1. The classification of building materials for fire hazard is based on their properties and ability to form dangerous fire factors, given in Table 1 of the Appendix to Federal Law No. 123.

2. Fire hazard of construction materials is characterized by the following properties :
1) combustibility;
2) flammability;
3) the ability to spread the flame over the surface;
4) smoke generating capacity;
5) toxicity of combustion products.

3. Combustibility building materials subdivided into: combustible (G) and non-combustible (NG).

Building materials are to non-combustible with the following values of combustibility parameters determined experimentally: temperature increase - no more than 50 degrees Celsius, sample weight loss - no more than 50 percent, duration of stable flame burning - no more than 10 seconds.

Building materials that do not satisfy at least one of the above parameter values are to combustibles.

Combustible building materials are divided into the following groups:

1) low combustible (G1), having a flue gas temperature of not more than 135 degrees Celsius, the degree of damage along the length of the test sample is not more than 65 percent, the degree of damage by weight of the test sample is not more than 20 percent, the duration of self-burning is 0 seconds;

2) moderately combustible (G2), having a flue gas temperature of not more than 235 degrees Celsius, the degree of damage along the length of the test sample is not more than 85 percent, the degree of damage by weight of the test sample is not more than 50 percent, the duration of independent combustion is not more than 30 seconds;

3) normally combustible (GZ) , having a flue gas temperature of not more than 450 degrees Celsius, the degree of damage along the length of the test sample is more than 85 percent, the degree of damage by weight of the test sample is not more than 50 percent, the duration of independent combustion is not more than 300 seconds;

4) highly combustible (G4 ), having a flue gas temperature of more than 450 degrees Celsius, the degree of damage along the length of the test sample is more than 85 percent, the degree of damage by weight of the test sample is more than 50 percent, the duration of self-burning is more than 300 seconds.

For materials belonging to the flammability groups G1-GZ, the formation of burning melt drops during testing is not allowed (for materials belonging to the flammability groups G1 and G2, the formation of melt drops is not allowed). For non-combustible building materials, other fire hazard indicators are not determined and not standardized.

By flammability combustible building materials (including floor carpets), depending on the value of the critical surface heat flux density, are divided into the following groups:

1) flame-retardant (IN 1 ), having a value of critical surface heat flux density of more than 35 kilowatts per square meter;

2) moderately flammable (IN 2), having a value of critical surface heat flux density of at least 20, but not more than 35 kilowatts per square meter;

3) flammable (VZ), having a critical surface heat flux density of less than 20 kilowatts per square meter.

By the speed of flame propagation over the surface combustible building materials (including floor carpets), depending on the value of the critical surface heat flux density, are divided into the following groups:

1) non-propagating ( RP1 ), having a value of critical surface heat flux density of more than 11 kilowatts per square meter;

2) weakly propagating (RP2 ), having a value of critical surface heat flux density of at least 8, but not more than 11 kilowatts per square meter;

3) moderately spreading ( RPZ ) having a value of critical surface heat flux density of at least 5, but not more than 8 kilowatts per square meter;

4) highly spreading (RP4 ), having a critical surface heat flux density of less than 5 kilowatts per square meter.

According to the smoke-generating ability, combustible building materials Depending on the value of the smoke generation coefficient, they are divided into the following groups:

1) with low smoke production (D1 ), having a smoke generation coefficient of less than 50 square meters per kilogram;

2) with moderate smoke output (D 2 ), having a smoke generation coefficient of at least 50, but not more than 500 square meters per kilogram;
3) with high smoke generating capacity (DZ), having a smoke generation coefficient of more than 500 square meters per kilogram.

According to the toxicity of combustion products, combustible building materials are divided into the following groups in accordance with Table 2 of the Appendix to Federal Law No. 123:

1) low-risk (T1);

2) moderately hazardous ( T2);

3) highly dangerous ( TK);

4) extremely dangerous (T4).
Table 2. Classification of combustible building materials according to the value of the toxicity index of combustion products (Appendix to Federal Law No. 123)

The fire hazard classes of building materials, depending on the fire hazard groups of building materials, are given in Table. 3 appendices to the Federal Law No. 123.

Table 3. Fire hazard classes of building materials (Appendix to Federal Law No. 123)

(Table as amended, entered into force on July 12, 2012 by the Federal Law of July 10, 2012 N 117-FZ.

Note. The list of fire hazard indicators of building materials sufficient to assign fire hazard classes KM0-KM5 is determined in accordance with Table 27 of the Appendix to Federal Law No. 123.

Table 27 List of indicators required to assess the fire hazard of building materials


Purpose of building materials	The list of necessary indicators depending on the purpose of building materials
combustibility group	flame propagation group	flammability group	smoke group	combustion products toxicity group
Materials for finishing walls and ceilings, including coatings of paints, enamels, varnishes	+	-	+	+	+
Flooring materials, including carpets	-	+	+	+	+
Roofing materials	+	+	+	-	-
Waterproofing and vapor barrier materials with a thickness of more than 0.2 mm	+	-	+	-	-
Thermal insulation materials	+	-	+	+	+

Notes:

1. The "+" sign means that the indicator must be applied.

2. The sign "-" means that the indicator is not applied.3. When using waterproofing materials for the surface layer of the roof, the indicators of their fire hazard should be determined by the item "Roofing materials".

For the classification of building materials should be used flame spread index value (I)- a conditional dimensionless indicator characterizing the ability of materials or substances to ignite, spread the flame over the surface and generate heat.

By spreading the flame materials are divided into the following groups:

1) do not spread flame over the surface, having a flame spread index of 0;

2) slowly spreading flame over the surface, having a flame spread index of not more than 20;

3) rapidly spreading flame over the surface, having a flame spread index of more than 20.

Test methods for determining the classification indicators of fire hazard of building, textile and leather materials are established by regulatory documents on fire safety.

Flammability group- this is a classification characteristic of the ability of substances and materials to.

When determining the fire and explosion hazard of substances and materials (), there are :

gases- these are substances whose saturated vapor pressure at a temperature of 25 ° C and a pressure of 101.3 kPa exceeds 101.3 kPa;
liquids- these are substances whose saturated vapor pressure at a temperature of 25 ° C and a pressure of 101.3 kPa is less than 101.3 kPa. Liquids also include solid melting substances whose melting or dropping point is less than 50 °C.
solids and materials- these are individual substances and their mixed compositions with a melting or dropping point of more than 50 ° C, as well as substances that do not have a melting point (for example, wood, fabrics, etc.).
dust are dispersed solids and materials with a particle size of less than 850 microns.

One of the indicators of the fire and explosion hazard of substances and materials is combustibility group.

Substances and materials

According to GOST 12.1.044-89, in terms of combustibility, substances and materials are divided into the following groups ( with the exception of building, textile and leather materials):

Non-combustible.
Slow-burning.
combustible.

non-combustible - These are substances and materials that are unable to burn in air. Non-combustible substances can be fire and explosion hazardous (for example, oxidizing agents or substances that release combustible products when interacting with water, atmospheric oxygen, or with each other).

slow-burning - these are substances and materials that can burn in the air when exposed to an ignition source, but are unable to burn on their own after its removal.

combustible - these are substances and materials capable of spontaneous combustion, as well as ignite when exposed to an ignition source and burn independently after its removal.

The essence of the experimental method for determining combustibility is to create temperature conditions conducive to combustion and to evaluate the behavior of the studied substances and materials under these conditions.

Solid (including dust)

The material is classified as non-combustible if the following conditions are met:

the arithmetic mean temperature change in the furnace, on the surface and inside the sample does not exceed 50 °C;
the arithmetic mean value of weight loss for five samples does not exceed 50% of their mean value of the initial weight after conditioning;
the arithmetic mean value of the duration of stable combustion of five samples does not exceed 10 s. The test results of five samples in which the duration of stable combustion is less than 10 s are taken equal to zero.

According to the value of the maximum temperature increment (Δt max) and mass loss (Δm), materials are classified:

slow-burning: Δt max< 60 °С и Δm < 60%;
combustible: Δt max ≥ 60 °С or Δm ≥ 60%.

Combustible materials are divided depending on the time (τ) to reach (t max) into:

flame retardant: τ > 4 min;
medium flammability: 0.5 ≤ τ ≤ 4 min;
flammable: τ< 0,5 мин.

gases

In the presence of concentration limits of flame propagation, the gas is classified as fuel ; in the absence of concentration limits for the spread of flame and the presence of a self-ignition temperature, the gas is classified as slow-burning ; in the absence of concentration limits for flame propagation and self-ignition temperature, the gas is classified as non-combustible .

Liquids

In the presence of an ignition temperature, the liquid is classified as fuel ; in the absence of an ignition temperature and the presence of a self-ignition temperature, the liquid is classified as slow-burning . In the absence of flash, ignition, self-ignition, temperature and concentration limits of flame propagation, the liquid is classified as non-combustible . Combustible liquids with a flash point of not more than 61 ° C in a closed crucible or 66 ° C in an open crucible, phlegmatized mixtures that do not have a flash in a closed crucible are classified as flammable . especially dangerous are called flammable liquids with a flash point of not more than 28 ° C.

Classification of building materials

Determination of the combustibility group of a building material

The fire hazard of building, textile and leather materials is characterized by the following properties:

The ability to spread flame over a surface.
smoke generating ability.
Toxicity of combustion products.

Building materials, depending on the values of combustibility parameters, are divided into groups into non-combustible and combustible (for floor carpets, the flammability group is not determined).

NG (non-flammable)

Non-combustible building materials according to the test results according to methods I and IV () are divided into 2 groups.

Building materials are classified as non-combustible group I

temperature increase in the furnace is not more than 30 °C;
the duration of stable flame burning is 0 s;
calorific value not more than 2.0 MJ/kg.

Building materials are classified as non-combustible group II with the following arithmetic mean values of combustibility parameters according to methods I and IV (GOST R 57270-2016):

temperature increase in the furnace is not more than 50 °C;
weight loss of samples no more than 50%;
the duration of stable flame burning is not more than 20 s;
calorific value not more than 3.0 MJ/kg.

It is allowed to refer without testing to non-combustible group I the following building materials without painting their outer surface or with painting the outer surface with compositions without the use of polymeric and (or) organic components:

concretes, mortars, plasters, adhesives and fillers, clay, ceramic, porcelain stoneware and silicate products (bricks, stones, blocks, slabs, panels, etc.), fiber cement products (sheets, panels, slabs, pipes, etc. .) except in all cases for materials made using polymeric and (or) organic binder aggregates and fibers;
inorganic glass products;
products from alloys of steel, copper and aluminum.

Building materials that do not meet at least one of the above indicated values of the parameters I and II of the group of incombustibility belong to the group of combustible and are subject to testing according to methods II and III (GOST R 57270-2016). For non-combustible building materials, other fire hazard indicators are not determined and not standardized.

Combustible building materials, depending on the values of the combustibility parameters determined by method II, are divided into four combustibility groups (G1, G2, G3, G4) according to the table. Materials should be assigned to a certain combustibility group, provided that all the arithmetic mean values of the parameters established by the table for this group correspond.

G1 (low combustible)

Slightly combustible - these are materials with a flue gas temperature of not more than 135 ° C, the degree of damage along the length of the test sample is not more than 65%, the degree of damage by weight of the test sample is not more than 20%, the duration of self-burning is 0 seconds.

G2 (moderately flammable)

Moderately combustible - these are materials with a flue gas temperature of not more than 235 ° C, the degree of damage along the length of the test sample is not more than 85%, the degree of damage by weight of the test sample is not more than 50%, the duration of self-burning is not more than 30 seconds.

G3 (normally combustible)

Normal flammable - these are materials with a flue gas temperature of not more than 450 ° C, the degree of damage along the length of the test sample is more than 85%, the degree of damage by weight of the test sample is not more than 50%, the duration of self-burning is not more than 300 seconds.

G4 (highly flammable)

highly flammable - these are materials with a flue gas temperature of more than 450 ° C, the degree of damage along the length of the test sample is more than 85%, the degree of damage by weight of the test sample is more than 50%, the duration of self-burning is more than 300 seconds.

Table

Combustibility group of materials	Flammability parameters
Combustibility group of materials	Flue gas temperature T, °C	Degree of damage along the length S L, %	Degree of damage by weight S m, %	Duration of self-burning t c.g, s
G1	Up to 135 inclusive	Up to 65 inclusive	up to 20	0
G2	Up to 235 inclusive	Up to 85 inclusive	Up to 50	Up to 30 inclusive
G3	Up to 450 inclusive	Over 85	Up to 50	Up to 300 inclusive
G4	Over 450	Over 85	Over 50	Over 300
Note. For materials belonging to the flammability groups G1-G3, the formation of burning melt drops and (or) burning fragments during testing is not allowed. For materials belonging to the combustibility groups G1-G2, the formation of a melt and (or) melt drops during testing is not allowed.

Video, what is a flammability group

Sources: ; Baratov A.N. Combustion - Fire - Explosion - Safety. -M.: 2003; GOST 12.1.044-89 (ISO 4589-84) Occupational safety standards system. Fire and explosion hazard of substances and materials. Nomenclature of indicators and methods for their determination; GOST R 57270-2016 Building materials. Test methods for combustibility.

Categories

Popular

Determination of combustibility of materials. Classification of building materials for fire hazard. Material Safety Parameters

FOREWORD

1 area of ​​use

2 Normative references

3 Definitions

4 Fundamentals

5 Classification of building materials by flammability groups

6 Flammability test method for classifying building materials as non-combustible or combustible

7 Test method for combustible building materials to determine their combustibility groups

APPENDIX A (mandatory). SET FOR TESTING BUILDING MATERIALS FOR FIRE-RESISTANCE (method I)

APPENDIX B (mandatory). INSTALLATION FOR TESTING BUILDING MATERIALS FOR COMBUSTIBILITY (method II)

1 AREA OF USE

2 REGULATORY REFERENCES

7 METHOD OF TESTING COMBUSTIBLE BUILDING MATERIALS TO DETERMINE THEIR FIRMABILITY GROUPS

APPENDIX A

Substances and materials

Solid (including dust)

gases

Liquids

Classification of building materials

NG (non-flammable)

G1 (low combustible)

G2 (moderately flammable)

G3 (normally combustible)

G4 (highly flammable)

Table

Video, what is a flammability group

1 area of use