How to determine the conjugation of the verb by the initial form. "how to determine the conjugation of a verb"
General information about the lesson
Lesson topic:"How to determine the conjugation of a verb with an unstressed personal ending".
Time spending: 2 academic hours.
Goals:
Learning goal: to teach to recognize the conjugation of verbs in an indefinite form through a problem situation for the correct spelling of unstressed personal endings of verbs;
Developmental goal: activation of cognitive activity through the solution of logical problems, the development of spelling vigilance, cognitive interest, the ability to compare, generalize;
Educational goal: creating an atmosphere of goodwill between students, teachers and students, stimulating active creative work, instilling interest in learning the Russian language.
Equipment: multimedia overhead projector, multimedia presentation, board design (on the middle board - a poem from the 1st stage of the lesson, on the closed halves of the board - tasks for independent work), a sheet with the topic of the lesson - for the board, individual cards, a table with the algorithm "How to determine the conjugation of verbs" , mini-test.
Lesson plan.
Organizing time.
Updating knowledge and checking homework.
Formulation of the problem.
Learning new material.
Fizkultminutka.
Consolidation of what has been learned.
Knowledge control.
Homework.
Reflection.
During the classes
I. Organizational moment:
Hello! Sit down.
(On the desk):
Interesting part of speech
Lives in Russian..t.
Who is doing ..t, tell ..t,
Damn..t, write..t or po..t,
Embroidery..t, or pash..t,
Or scoring..t a goal,
Mo..t, clean..t, hot..t, var..t -
Tell us everything ... (verb)
Today in the lesson, guys, we continue to talk about the verb, and more specifically, about the conjugation of the verb.
II. Updating knowledge and checking homework
And before moving on to the study of new material, we need to remember what we know about the verb.
On the desk in front of you are individual cards. I ask everyone to sign them. Today you will not only learn new material, but also complete a number of tasks. You can also play the role of an expert. For correct answers you will receive points. At the end of the lesson, you need to turn in individual sheets.
1 task:(Slides 2, 3)
Continue suggestions:
The adjective changes according to gender, cases and numbers.
The noun changes in numbers and cases.
The verb changes in person and number.
When mutually checking, they exchange sheets (for each correct answer, 1 point - we put it in front of the task).
You remembered that the verb changes in persons and numbers.
What is the change of the verb in person and number called? (Conjugation ) (Slide 4)
We know that a verb has only two conjugations. And how do they differ? (ending)
Right. Let's check what you learned at home. For this - the second task.
2 task: (Slides 5, 6)
The endings of the verbs are mixed up, help divide them into 1 and 2 conjugations:
Im, -et, -ut, -yut, -ite, -it, -eat, -ish, -at, -eat, -yat, -et.
| Eat, -ut, -yut, -eat, -eat, -eat | Im, -ite, -it, -ish, -at, -yat |
When mutually checking, they exchange sheets (for two correct columns 2 points - put opposite the task).
3 task:(Slides 7, 8)
Put the stress in the words, insert the missing vowels, determine the conjugation of the verbs:
Lead ....sh, slip ....t, scream ....t, call ....m, talk ....sh.
Was it easy to identify vowels in verb endings? Why? (Yes, easy. They are under stress)
III. Formulation of the problem.
Now work on another group of words. This is your do-it-yourself paper. You don't need to sign sheets. Put endings in them.
You are a game .... sh
man tone….t
laziness shaft….t
who will tell .... t
we are not bored .... m
Let's check the work first on the board. 2 students work: they will enter the necessary letters. (Children work on two different boards, do not see each other's work).
Guys, the task for two students was the same? (Yes)
And is it done in the same way? (No, different)
Why do you think? (We don't know...)
Which part of the word is missing a vowel? (at the end)
And how do these words differ from the words of the third task? (They have unstressed endings!)
Is it easy to determine the vowels in the endings of such verbs? (It is difficult, since the rule we know cannot be applied)
What do you think we should do in class today? What do you think the topic of our lesson will be? What will we need to learn? (Determine how to write unstressed verb endings; determine the verb conjugation in this case; must learn to do it correctly)
(On the board, attach a sheet with the topic of the lesson “How to determine the conjugation of a verb with an unstressed personal ending”).
IV. Learning new material.
Let's look at the following words. (Slide 9 - first click):
Top it- top And help no- pom O whose
light it- light And t gre no- gr E be
love it- love And forget no- zab S be
gift it- gift And write no- wrote BUT be
- Look at the highlighted verb endings in the first words and the highlighted suffixes in the second words of each pair. Pay attention to the stresses in the first words.
Do they fall for endings? (Not)
What can you say about the shape of every second word? (This is N.F.)
Now look at how the conjugations are distributed to these pairs. (Slide 9 - second click)
Using this slide, try to figure out how the indefinite suffix of a verb affects the spelling of the unstressed personal ending of the verb. (If the suffix n.f. of the verb is written And, then this is the verb of the II conjugation, and if O, E, Y, A, then this is the verb of the I conjugation).
Let's make an algorithm for determining the conjugation of the verb:
So, what steps should we take with you to write the personal endings of verbs correctly? (It is necessary to determine the conjugation of the verb. To do this, you need to determine the stressed or unstressed ending of the verb.)
If the ending of the verb is stressed, on what basis is the conjugation determined? (The conjugation of verbs with stressed endings is determined by the ending: 1st conjugation - eat, et, eat, et, ut, (ut), 2nd conjugation - ish, it, im, ite, at, (yat)).
And if the ending is unstressed? Let's continue compiling the algorithm:
I have prepared a memo for each of you (on the table). (Slide 10) Please note that this memo contains special exception words that you need to remember.
V. Fizkultminutka.
We are a little tired, it's time to think about rest.
It's easy fun
Turns left and right.
We all know for a long time -
There is a wall, and there is a window.
We squat quickly, deftly.
Here, the trick is already visible.
To develop muscles
You have to sit down a lot.
And now walking in place
This is also interesting.
VI. Consolidation of what has been learned.
1. We rested and are ready to apply the acquired knowledge. To begin with, let's deal with the work of the guys on the board (we explain from the spot):
you play (play - 1 conjugation, so the ending is EAT)
a person is drowning (to drown - 1 conjugation, so the ending is -ET)
laziness brings down (to bring down - 2 conjugation, therefore the ending is -IT)
who will tell (tell - 1 conjugation, so the ending is -ET)
we don't miss (miss - 1 conjugation, so the ending is -EAT)
2. And now let's practice in the correct definition of the conjugation of verbs - let's work in pairs.
You have a card with a table on your desk. (Slides 11, 13) The first column contains nouns and the second column contains verbs. Together with a neighbor on the desk, connect the verbs with the nouns correctly with lines. Next on the line, write the verbs in the indefinite form and determine the conjugation. Then put the vowels in the endings of the verbs. You should get 3rd person plural verbs. Use the Algorithm. (Slide 12)
Test yourself! Raise your hands those who have not a single mistake in the table.
3. Let's return to individual cards.
4 task:(Slides 14, 15)
Determine the conjugations and write out the phrases in 2 columns: verbs with the endings of the 1st conjugation and the endings of the 2nd conjugation. To do this, 1. put the verb in NF, 2. determine the conjugation according to the algorithm, 3. insert and highlight the endings in the original verbs (the masculine singular form), 4. distribute the word combinations into conjugation columns.
Enjoy ... nature, turn .... the wheel, hide .... hide in the reeds, build .... a house, hold .... tightly.
When mutually checking, they exchange sheets (for each correct answer, 1 point - we put it in front of the task).
What are the exception verbs? (Twirls, holds).
You remember, friends, they cannot be conjugated in -E!
Count the number of points scored in individual cards and mark yourself (14-15 points - “5”, 10-13 points - “4”, do not evaluate the rest of the work yet, we will finalize this material tomorrow) and pass the cards to the first desks.
VII. Knowledge control.
Now be especially careful. You have learned a lot today and, of course, we must find out what and how we learned in order to know what to do in the future. You have a piece of paper with a mini-test on your desk. Sign it and do it.
Mini test.
1. Changing verbs in persons and numbers is called ...
A) declension B) conjugation C) alternation
2. How many conjugations are there in Russian?
3. Verbs of II conjugation have endings ...
A) -eat, -eat, -eat, -ut, -yut B) -esh, -it, -im, -ite, -at, -yat C) -eat, -eat, -eat, -at, - yat.
4. Indicate the line with the verbs of the I conjugation.
5. Indicate the line with the verbs of the II conjugation.
A) sew, sow, lay B) trust, sing, rumble C) breathe, twirl, speak.
(Slide 16)When mutually checking, they exchange sheets (for the correct answer 1 point - put in front of the task).
Put marks in the mini-tests according to the points scored and collect them: Irina - on "5", Andrey - on "4", Misha - on "3". If you have fewer points, do not take the tests yet.
VIII. Homework.
You are given sheets with text and missing verbs to work at home. Insert the appropriate verbs from the data in the reference material below, mark the conjugation. Everything is done on the given sheet with the text. Review the sheet.
A snowy white cloud, huge as the sky, ______________ the entire horizon and the last light of the red burnt evening dawn quickly ______________ in a thick veil. Suddenly ______________ night, ______________ storm with all its fury, with all its horrors, ______________ desert wind in the wild, ______________ snowdrifts, like swan fluff, to heaven. All ______________ white darkness, impenetrable, like the darkness of the darkest autumn night. Everything: earth, sky, air, sky ______________ into the abyss of boiling snowy dust, which ______________ eyes, ______________ breath, flew from all sides, from above and below, like a kite, and ______________ everything he came across.
Words for reference: tighten, pull, play out, blow up, throw up, fly in, dress, merge, mix, blind, occupy, roar, whistle, howl, moan, beat, wag, twirl, turn, wrap around, stop, choke, come, come on, push.
IX. Reflection.
Guys, our lesson is coming to an end. Finally, answer the questions:
Let's insert the correct endings into the poem about the verb that opened our lesson (children's answers from the place according to the model: verb from the text; stressed or unstressed ending: if stressed - immediately insert the ending, if unstressed - n.f.; what ends; according to the memo, we determine the conjugation; according to the conjugation, insert the ending in the verb from the text).
Interesting part of speech
alive in Russian et.
Who's doing what no tell me no,
Crap it, write no or by et.
embroidery no or pash no,
Or scoring no Goal.
Mo no, clean it, fever it, var it -
Tell everything no us a verb.
I will look at the cards and tests you have passed, and tomorrow you will find out what grades will be put down in the journal. Tomorrow we will return to the topic of our today's lesson and make up for what was misunderstood.
Goodbye!
List of used literature.
Programs of educational institutions. Russian language. 5 - 9 grade /. M.T. Baranov, T.A. Ladyzhenskaya, N.M. Shansky. - Enlightenment, 2006.
Federal component of the State Standard of General Education. - M., Bustard, 2004.
Ladyzhenskaya T.A., Baranov M.T. and others. Russian language. Textbook for grade 5 educational institutions. - M., Education, 2010.
Bogdanova G.A. Russian language lessons in grade 5 / G.A. Bogdanova. - St. Petersburg, 2004.
Belyaeva O.V., Datsenko O.A. Universal lesson developments in the Russian language for the textbooks of M.T. Baranova and others: Grade 5. - M.: VAKO, 2007.
Kostyaeva T.A. Verification and control work in the Russian language: Grade 5 / T.A. Kostyaeva. - M.: Enlightenment, 2005.
Malyushkin A.B. Test tasks to test students' knowledge of the Russian language: Grade 5. - M.: TC "Sphere", 1998.
Matyushkin A.M. Problem situations in learning and thinking. - M.: 1972.
Makhmutov M.I. Problem-based learning. - M.: 1975.
Trostentsova L.A. Didactic materials on the Russian language: Grade 5: A book for the teacher / L.A. Trostentsova, M.M. Strakevich. - M.: Enlightenment, 2004.
Ugrovatova T.Yu. Tips for every day: Russian in a lesson in grade 5. - M.: VLADOS, 1995.
II CONJUGATIONS.
I CONJUGATIONS.
Ending - ut (-yut) -I conjugations
Ending -at (-yat) -II conjugations
Exceptions: WATCH
To determine the conjugation by the unstressed ending of the verb, you must:
Put it in an indefinite form (what to do? What to do?).
If the verb ends in -it, then it is a verbII CONJUGATIONS.
If it ends in - et, -at, -ot, - ut, - yt, then this is a verbI CONJUGATIONS.
Put in 3rd person, pl. number (they):
Ending - ut (-yut) -I conjugations
Ending -at (-yat) -II conjugations
Exceptions: SEE, HEAR, HATE, DRIVE, BREATHE, HOLD, OFFEND. AND DEPEND, andWATCH, and also endure, twirl. All verbs that are on -it, except for SHAVING, CUTTING.
To determine the conjugation by the unstressed ending of the verb, you must:
Put it in an indefinite form (what to do? What to do?).
If the verb ends in -it, then it is a verbII CONJUGATIONS.
If it ends in - et, -at, -ot, - ut, - yt, then this is a verbI CONJUGATIONS.
Put in 3rd person, pl. number (they):
Ending - ut (-yut) -I conjugations
Ending -at (-yat) -II conjugations
Exceptions: SEE, HEAR, HATE, DRIVE, BREATHE, HOLD, OFFEND. AND DEPEND, andWATCH, and also endure, twirl. All verbs that are on -it, except for SHAVING, CUTTING.
To determine the conjugation by the unstressed ending of the verb, you must:
Put it in an indefinite form (what to do? What to do?).
If the verb ends in -it, then it is a verbII CONJUGATIONS.
If it ends in - et, -at, -ot, - ut, - yt, then this is a verbI CONJUGATIONS.
Put in 3rd person, pl. number (they):
Ending - ut (-yut) -I conjugations
Ending -at (-yat) -II conjugations
Exceptions: SEE, HEAR, HATE, DRIVE, BREATHE, HOLD, OFFEND. AND DEPEND, andWATCH, and also endure, twirl. All verbs that are on -it, except for SHAVING, CUTTING.
To determine the conjugation by the unstressed ending of the verb, you must:
Put it in an indefinite form (what to do? What to do?).
If the verb ends in -it, then it is a verbII CONJUGATIONS.
If it ends in - et, -at, -ot, - ut, - yt, then this is a verbI CONJUGATIONS.
Put in 3rd person, pl. number (they):
Ending - ut (-yut) -I conjugations
Ending -at (-yat) -II conjugations
Exceptions: SEE, HEAR, HATE, DRIVE, BREATHE, HOLD, OFFEND. AND DEPEND, andWATCH, and also endure, twirl. All verbs that are on -it, except for SHAVING, CUTTING.
To determine the conjugation by the unstressed ending of the verb, you must:
Put it in an indefinite form (what to do? What to do?).
If the verb ends in -it, then it is a verbII CONJUGATIONS.
If it ends in - et, -at, -ot, - ut, - yt, then this is a verbI CONJUGATIONS.
Put in 3rd person, pl. number (they):
Ending - ut (-yut) -I conjugations
Ending -at (-yat) -II conjugations
Exceptions: SEE, HEAR, HATE, DRIVE, BREATHE, HOLD, OFFEND. AND DEPEND, andWATCH, and also endure, twirl. All verbs that are on -it, except for SHAVING, CUTTING.
The question of how to determine the conjugation of a verb is quite problematic even for the Russian-speaking population. To finally understand this, it is necessary to understand the strict algorithm for calculating the conjugation and choosing the correct vowel of the end of the verb.
If the stress falls on the end of the verb.
For example, let's take the verbs - "get up", "do" (the endings -eat and -ish). We put them in the third person plural - we get "get up" (ending -yut) and "administer" (ending -at).
We check with the endings of the first and second conjugations: -ut, -yut and -at, -yat, respectively. It turns out that the verb "stand up" ("stand up") refers to the first conjugation, and "perform" ("perform") - to the second.
How to determine the conjugation of a verb in an unstressed ending position.
There is a grammatical concept in Russian - an indefinite or impersonal form of the verb. To put any of them into this form, you need to ask the question - what to do? (what to do?).
For example, the verbs "stabs", "mutters". We put them in an indefinite form, it turns out - to prick and mutter. Now pay attention to the letters before the –th: in this case, it is “o” and “a”. The endings that correspond in an indefinite form to 1 and 2 conjugation must be remembered.
The algorithm is this - we remember what questions the verb in the infinitive answers, remember the endings for the first conjugation:
The previously considered verbs "stab" and "mutter" both belong to the first conjugation.
The second will include infinitive forms ending in -it (except for shaving, laying, building up) and a number of exceptions that need to be remembered.
Let's decide directly on the endings that will correspond to verbs 1 and 2 of conjugation in different persons and numbers. To do this, we need a verb that we will conjugate - it will be "sow" (1 conjugation) and "throw" (2 conjugation).
In the infinitive, the verb "sow" obviously refers to the first conjugation, we can determine this from the ending. As a result, we get - I se (s), you se (eat), he se (s), we se (eat), you se (e) and they se (s).
In parentheses are the endings of 1 conjugation, in 1 person singular. and 3rd person pl. it can also be -y and -ut respectively. For example, in the verb "say" (infinitive), these forms will be - "say (y)" and "say (ut)".
Let us now turn to the verb of the second conjugation "throw" and conjugate it, see the table.
At the end, it is not difficult to understand that this is a verb of the second conjugation. We change by persons and numbers - I throw (s), you throw (s), he throws (it), we throw (them), you throw (s), they throw (yat).
The correct definition of endings in a letter affects not only verbs, the spelling of which can sometimes be simply guessed. This is necessary for the correct setting of suffixes in present participles. Therefore, this question touches upon several topics in the grammar of the Russian language at once.
Now let's try to determine the correct spelling of the verb endings in the proposed text:
“Why are you asking (eating) about this?” he wondered. “I don’t know, pigeons will soon arrive, and I will have a letter.”
We have two highlighted verbs - their infinitives "ask" and "fly". It would seem that in the first case this is a verb related to the first conjugation and, accordingly, its ending is -eat. And what about the second, because the ending -yat refers to the second conjugation, and the infinitive indicates the first?
The fact is that the ending -at in the infinitive is stressed. In this case, we cannot determine the case from it, we need to mentally figure out which endings will correspond to different persons and numbers for this verb and we will understand that we have the first conjugation:
It becomes clear that it is important not only what questions the verb in the infinitive form answers. It must be understood that the infinitive with a stressed position at the end is not a conjugation determiner.
There remains an important issue for discussion - exceptions that always refer to the second conjugation, although they do not end in -it. You just need to remember them and keep them in your head like a multiplication table, applying if necessary.
P 
there are eleven such exceptions, the question of how to learn irregular verbs worries many. The best option is to memorize it like a children's counting rhyme, but it looks like this:
"Drive, breathe, hold, depend, see, hear and offend, and then endure, twist, hate and look."
The counting rhyme is learned in a couple of minutes and is really firmly remembered. How to use knowledge about these verbs?
We conjugate one for clarity:
| infinitive | Offend (2 conjugation) |
| I offend | We are offended (by them) |
| You are offended | You are offended |
| He is offended | They offend |
Exception verbs of the first conjugation
Recall that the first conjugation also has exceptions - these are verbs ending in the endings characteristic of the second conjugation in the infinitive form - shave, lay, build, sway. The latter, of course, are rarely seen in writing, but one is worth conjugating as an example.
Indeed, some forms were in doubt, it would be quite possible to write, for example, “he lays” or “we lay”. In order to avoid misunderstandings, exceptions are invented that are easy to remember.
Opposite conjugated verbs
In addition to all the previously mentioned exceptions, it is worth noting the existence of differently conjugated verbs. That is, you will not be able to change them according to the rules of only 1 and 2 conjugations, such verbs must also be remembered.
So, verbs that do not change in persons and numbers according to the usual algorithm are run, want, and also give and eat. Example:
The singular forms correspond to the 1st conjugation, the plural endings refer to the second. It is important to remember this so as not to write “wants” instead of “wants” out of habit. At first, the exception verbs are memorized, in the future the forms are automatically remembered, and you will be surprised how easy it is to determine the conjugation.
Finally, let's summarize, to identify the conjugation of the verb:
- See where the emphasis falls. If this is the ending, put the verb in the form that corresponds to the pronoun "they" and determine the conjugation.
- Otherwise, we put the verb in the infinitive form. At the end, we determine the conjugation, remembering first whether the verb is an exception.
Determining the conjugation of a verb is not such a difficult topic, you just need to remember the order of operations and keep at the ready a number of available exceptions.
Video about how to determine the conjugation of a verb
- We conjugate the verb in the present or future tense. If the stress during conjugation falls on the personal ending, we determine the conjugation at the end. The personal ending is the ending of the verb when it changes by person.
- If the verb has an unstressed personal ending, put the verb in an indefinite form (answer the question what to do?) And at the end it will be clear what conjugation it is.
- Opposite conjugated verbs These are verbs that in the singular have a personal ending of the I conjugation, and in the plural of the II conjugation. For example, glimpse, run, want: I want, you want, he wants, we want, you want, they want.
Conjugation determines the change of the verb in numbers and persons. Verb conjugation is one of the most difficult topics in learning the Russian language. But to understand this topic is absolutely necessary, otherwise it will be impossible to write correctly.
The first step in determining the conjugation of a verb is to understand whether it has a stressed ending. In the event that the stress is on the end of the verb, the conjugation is determined by the vowel in e strong position. Verbs in the first conjugation have the endings -em, em, -et, -ut(-ut), -u(-u) or eat, for example, in the words you know, you call. Verbs of the second conjugation have endings -im, -ish, -it, -ite, -at, -yat, for example, in words they sleep, burn.
If the verb has no stress in the personal ending, then its conjugation is determined by the infinitive, that is, by the initial, impersonal form. If the infinitive ends in it, then you have a verb of the second conjugation. The following verbs are exceptions: lay, shave, build up and sway.
The following verbs with endings in et and -at also belong to the 2nd conjugation: drive, look, see, endure, depend, offend, hate, twirl, hear, hold, breathe. You just need to remember this list so that you don’t make mistakes when writing. The rest of the verbs that do not have stress in the personal ending are the verbs of the first conjugation.
In addition to the verbs of the first and second conjugations, there are also verbs with different conjugations. Some of their forms are formed in accordance with the first conjugation, while others - in accordance with the second. Among the variously conjugated there are such verbs as honor, want, glimpse, run. For example, the verb to want the singular is formed according to the rules of the first conjugation, and in the plural according to the pattern of the second conjugation.
The conjugation of a verb is one of its grammatical categories, with the help of which its change in numbers and persons is determined. Depending on the conjugation, there are certain spelling rules in Russian, so the correct definition of the conjugation is very important.
Here is a simple instruction for determining the conjugation of verbs in Russian:
Verb conjugation is determined at school. In life, this knowledge is not really needed if you are not a philologist or a teacher of the Russian language. Rule: verb conjugation is determined by the indefinite form.
There is a clear algorithm, thanks to which you can correctly determine the conjugation of the verb. It is also important to remember a number of exceptions, to memorize all verbs that are declined differently. If the ending of the verb is under stress, you need to put the verb in the plural form of the third person. Vowels at the end of a word signal that the verb belongs to 1 or 2 conjugation. Verbs of 1 conjugation have endings ut (-ut), 2 conjugations -at (-yat). For example, 1 conjugation includes verbs read, sing, bloom, and to 2 hang, burn, lie. It is very important to remember: to determine the conjugation at the end of the third person plural verb is possible only if the ending is stressed. If the stress does not fall on the end of the verb, the word must be translated into an indefinite form. For example: breathe breathe. The initial form answers the question of what to do, does not have main categories. It retains only the sign of the species, and it also determines whether the verb is reflexive, transitive or intransitive. The initial (indefinite) form is usually called the infinitive. Verbs that have an unstressed ending in the initial form it belong to the 2nd conjugation. The rest of the verbs belong to the 1st conjugation. You also need to remember a number of verbs that are exceptions to the rules. The following exception words belong to verbs of conjugation 1: beat, shave, twist, rot, live, build, swell, pour, drink, rest, lay, sew, -knock (bruise, make a mistake), as well as all the verbs that are formed from them. Even at school, everyone got acquainted with an easy rhyme that allows you to quickly remember 11 verbs, which are the most common exception words to the rule. They do not end in it, but they also belong to the 2nd conjugation. In this case, they are listed alphabetically: twirl, see, drive, hold, breathe, depend, hate, offend, hear, watch, endure. These words must be remembered
This rule in school constantly flew out of my head. And to determine the actual conjugation of the verb is not so difficult. We bring the verb to the initial form, i.e. infinitive and define. (the infinitive answers the question what to do?. If the ending of the word is on it and it is unstressed, then the word belongs to the second conjugation. 11 verbs are exceptions to the second conjugation. They must be remembered.
Our rhyme was a little different and it’s not so difficult to remember them:
Hear, see and offend, drive to keep and hate. And breathe, look, twirl. And depend and be patient.
🙂 The rest is all 1 conjugation.
To correctly write the personal endings of verbs, you need to correctly determine the conjugations of the verb, for many students this topic is difficult, confusing, but you still have to learn, remember the rules and exceptions. There are two conjugations of the verb - the first and the second.
In modern in Russian exists two verb conjugations: I and II.
Let me remind you that under the term verb in this context means Part of speech answering questions what to do?, what to do? (and derivatives, like, what are we going to do? etc.). Verbs denote action, state, attitude. A verb can have the following features:
- voice (real or active, passive or passive. *Modern linguists still distinguish the average return voice *),
- appearance (perfect, imperfect),
- person (first, second and third),
- number (singular, plural)
- tense (present, past, future)
- mood (indicative, conditional or subjunctive, imperative) and
- gender (male, female, neuter).
The verb can also have such morphological features as transitivity / intransitivity (I write the answer - transitive, I go - intransitive), reflexive / irrevocable (he apologized for a long time - reflexive, we read - irrevocable).
Under verb conjugation- understand changing verbs by person(me, you, him, etc.) and numbers(singular and plural). Linguists also have the concept of conjugation of verbs in the broad sense of the word, by which they understand the change of the verb in moods, tenses, persons and numbers.
To determine the conjugation of a verb, you need:
- convert it to its original form(otherwise called indefinite form, infinitive). The initial form of the verb retains only signs of aspect, transitivity/intransitivity, reflexivity/irreflexibility. For example, from the verb listen to the initial form - listen, inhale - inhale, shl - go, wrap up - wrap, etc.
- see if the stress falls on the ending of the verb?
- all verbs with an unstressed ending in -it belong to the 2nd conjugation.
- also belong to the 2nd conjugation - 11 exception verbs that need to be remembered.
At one time, at school, I was forced to memorize a counting rhyme:
drive, hold, breathe, depend,
see, hear and hurt,
and also endure, turn
hate and watch.
It should be noted that all derivatives of these verbs will also refer to the 2nd conjugation.
- all other verbs belong to the 1st conjugation(with a few exceptions).
Special mention should be made of some verbs in -it, in which the stress falls on the end of the word: shave, lay, rest, beat, twist, pour, drink, sew, rot, live, as well as verbs in -shib (bruise, make a mistake). They belong to the 1st conjugation.
It is customary to refer to the 1st conjugation such rare verbs as to build, to sway.
Knowing which conjugation the verb belongs to allows you to correctly write the endings when conjugating the verb (* in the first person singular, the verbs of both I and II conjugations have the ending -u (-u)*):
P.S. *There are several different conjugated verbs in Russian (with stressed endings) that have part of the forms of the 1st conjugation, part of the 2nd, for example: run, want*.
There are two conjugations in Russian that differ in endings. Verbs that have the endings -eat, -em, -et, -et, -ut, -yut, belong to the first conjugation, and verbs that have the endings -ish, -im, -it, -ite, -at, - yat, - to the second conjugation.
There are still exceptions, for the memorization of which I remember a rhyme from my school days:
Hear, see and hurt
Drive to breathe and hate
Watch, hold, twirl
And depend and be patient.
These are verbs of the second conjugation
You asked a very interesting question, because there are many controversial and confusing questions regarding the definition of verb conjugation in Russian. language.
As practice shows, many find it difficult to determine the conjugation of the verb.
The foundations for the study of verbal categories are usually laid in the early grades. And it is here, in the formation of the ability to determine the conjugation of the verb, that the teacher traps the first mistake.
You probably noticed that in Russian textbooks. lang. for the beginning schools when studying the topic Verb conjugation, exercises are first offered, which include the verb. with stressed personal endings in one of the personal forms.
It is interesting to note that, in my opinion, it is quite simple to determine the conjugation of such a form of the verb:
singled out a percussion personal. ending and called the conjugation.
Unfortunately, textbooks do not note 1 important feature of heterogeneous verbs (run, want) and verbs with archaic conjugation (give, eat), namely:
in terms of their personal forms, they also have shock endings (run, want, give, eat).
You will be surprised when you find out that another problem is that already in the 4th grade, in the morphological analysis of the verb, there are not only personal. forms, but also forms in the past. time or in the imperative mood. In this case, it is customary to put the verb. in 3rd person pl. hours, but it should be borne in mind that impersonal verbs from personal. forms there is only the form of the 3rd person singular. hours (dawn, evening, sleep).
1) conjugation as a language task in the morphological analysis of the verb as a part of speech;
2) conjugation as an orthographic necessity.
The ease of determining conjugation by stressed personal endings, unfortunately, leads to the fact that the teacher focuses on practicing conjugation only for verbs with unstressed. personal endings (work on spelling necessity), thereby voluntarily or involuntarily forming in children the skill to put any ch. at the beginning. form without checking if this verb has stressed forms. personal endings.
This simplification, as a rule, continues in the middle link. Imagine how you would feel if a teacher in Russian. lang. I would give your child 2 just because he began to determine the conjugation from the search for the verb stress. personal ending?
So, what do most school graduates answer the question:
Many will answer:
This response indicates that in their minds stage I is not formed, requiring the identification of shock. personal graduation.
In addition, there is another difficulty in determining the conjugation of prefixes from verbs of exceptions. Of course, in school textbooks there is information that the prefix does not affect conjugations. verb, however, there is no systematic approach to the formation of the skill of determining the conjugation of this kind of verbs due to the lack of a universal algorithm and specially selected exercises.
Traditionally, the definition of verb conjugation includes 2 stages:
1) Personal endings of the verb The 1st and 2nd conjugations are clearly defined only under stress. To do this, you need to establish whether yavl-Xia personal. end of verb percussion or not.
2) If the emphasis is on personal. the ending does not fall, then we determine the conjugation by the infinitive, after separating the exception verbs.
Would you like to know what some researchers on this topic offer? They believe that when determining conjugations, it is necessary to pay attention not only to:
- exception verbs;
- conjugated verbs;
- verbs with archaic conjugation.
But it is also necessary to pay attention to their prefixed and postfixal variants.
When determining the conjugation, you also need to be attentive to verbs with the stressed prefix you-, because, most often, in the forms of such verbs. the stress is preserved on the prefix, while in the non-prefixed counterpart it can move to the ending:
They will sit out; cf. sitting
Run out run out; cf. run
Issue will be issued; cf. will give
Thus, the algorithm for determining conjugations. vb. should look like this:
Determine what form the verb is in.
- If verb. has a hit. personal ending (except for the 1st person), separate (if possible) the prefix and postfix and make sure that the non-prefix form is not included in the group of conjugated verbs. with percussion personal. endings (run, want) and verbs with archaic conjugation (eat, give).
Define conjugation.
- Verb in the past. time, lord or conditional mood, as well as in the beginning. form put in the 3rd l. pl. h., because, for example, the infinitive scream, sit (cf. scream, sit) many immediately, without hesitation, mistakenly refer to the 1st conjugation ..
If verb. has shock. personal ending, see point 1.
- At Ch. with no luck. with a personal ending, discard the prefix you-, if any, and check the ending. If the ending is stressed, see point 1.
Other verbs. with unstressed personal put the end in the beginning. shape.
- Separate (if possible) the prefix and postfix (-sya) and determine whether this verb is. excl. or not.
- Determine the conjugation of the verb, which is no exception, depending on which vowel the stem of the infinitive ends in.
I would like to draw attention to the fact that the last. the stage of determining the conjugations. vb. the following also applies:
- find where the verb ends.
But this note is less successful, because it can lead to a confusion of 2 concepts:
- infinitive affix (-t);
- what the infinitive ends with (-at, -et, -it, etc.). The result of this is the inability to correctly highlight the affix of the infinitive.
Examples:
From the damp aspen tree smelling of melting snow, the village children in a merry flock together ran across on a glade warmed by the spring sun.
We define conjugation. ch..
- ran across ch. in the form of past time, pl. h..
- run across 3rd l. pl. h. Personal ending shock. Form without prefix: run.
run conjugated verb form run away.
Conclusion: ran across conjugated verb form.
Brother delayed at work.
Def. conjugation ch..
- delayed ch. in the form of past temp. units h, male kind.
- will linger 3rd l. plural Personal ending is uneventful.
- We put Ch. at the beginning. form linger.
- Separate prefix and postfix Keep.
Verb Keep verb-exclusion of the 2nd question.
Conclusion: delayed form ch. 2nd ref. (exception).
memorize this passage by heart.
We define ref. ch..
- memorize verb in the form of a master. inclinations pl. h..
- memorize 3rd l. plural The personal ending is unstressed.
- Began. the form memorize.
- We separate the prefix learn. Ch. teaching is no exception.
- The stem of the infinitive ends in -i. Ch. 2nd question
Conclusion: memorize form ch. 2nd conjugation.
So, as you noticed, it is proposed:
1) involve language exercises not only with prefixed ch. in the form of present or simple future. time, but also with other verb forms, complicated prefixes and postfixes;
2) practice the skill of highlighting the stem of the infinitive, so that the verb. with unstressed personal endings determine the conjugation using the final vowel of the stem.
The topic in Russian on conjugation of verbs is one of the most difficult and confusing, even for inveterate excellent students. The correct definition of the conjugation of the verb is facilitated by an understandable algorithm for its identification, shown in the diagram:
To master a complex topic in Russian, it is enough to learn the words that make up exceptions and a rule that is simple for visual and mental perception. The correct definition of the conjugation of the verb allows in the future to write all the endings of the verbs correctly, without errors.
The easiest way to identify verb conjugation is to distinguish between words by endings:
- I conjugation: ending -у/-ют
- II conjugation: ending -at/yat
A more detailed definition of conjugation in Russian is the memorization of the following rules, suggesting which type of conjugation is used, I-st or II-nd:
- The stress in the words of the I conjugation falls on the ending, most often on -ut / -ut (nervous, die, run, say),
and the stress in the words of the II conjugation falls on -at / yat (beckon, give, lie)
- If the stress does not fall on the ending: find the form of the infinitive (in the impersonal form - it, II conjugation of the verb: carry, sew). Exceptions are: shave, settle, build up, sway (I conjugation)
- The ending is not stressed; in the infinitive form, the verb ends in -et / -at (I conjugation of the verb).
Exception verbs: look, depend, hate, twirl, offend, breathe, drive (II conjugation)
The native Russian language strikes with the complexity of the rules. Here verb conjugations refers to those.
Verbs have only two conjugations - first and second. as a rule, the verb is associated with some kind of pronoun and person - I, you, he, she, they, we, you. And as we can see, the verb, or rather, its ending, will change if it is used with different pronouns: I left, she left, you left.
Thus, we can conclude that the conjugation of a verb is its change in persons and numbers. And then we look at the end of the verb. In this case, the verb must be in an indefinite form, that is, in one in which it is not clear to which person it belongs:
see - see, hear - hear, sing - sing.
The second words in these examples are the indefinite form of the verb. Now look at the stress in the endings. If the ending -it (love, tease) is stressed, then this verb belongs to the first conjugation, and if without stress, then this is a verb of the second conjugation. In general, the second conjugation includes verbs with an unstressed personal personal ending (glue, ride, etc.) and eleven more verbs - exceptions to the rules (they are given in the authors' answers to the question).
The first conjugation includes verbs with endings: -y, -yu, -eat, -et, -em, -et, -ut, -yut.
The second conjugation includes verbs with endings: -u, -yu, -ish, -it, -im, -ite, -at, -yat.
Confusion can be introduced by heterogeneous verbs, which may have endings of both the first and second conjugations when the form of the verb changes: sit - the first conjugation, sit - the second conjugation.
If the ending of the verb is unstressed, then it must be put in an indefinite form (what to do? what to do?). offend, depend, hate to look, see, hear, breathe, hold, drive), then 1 conjugation. , then 2. (for example, flyIt-2 ref., poet-1ref)
Conjugation is a grammatical category of a verb, with the help of which, by determining its change by persons and numbers, it can tell a person which letter to write in words with the ending of which he doubts. In Russian, there are 2 two conjugations of the verb: the first and the second. We know this from school. Depending on which of them the verb belongs to, the choice of the letter that must be written at its end occurs. A little easier with past tense verbs, they have no conjugation. but how to deal with the conjugation of verbs in Russian, such a not very complicated scheme and a rhyme, which in the fifth grade are given to children in Russian language lessons, can help with this
Determining the verb conjugation is easy. To do this, you need to put the verb in an indefinite form and see what they end in. So, all verbs in -it belong to the 2nd conjugation, exceptions - to shave, lay (they refer, respectively, to the 1st conjugation). All other verbs that end in -et, -ut, -at, -yt, -yat, and so on, belong to 1 conjugation. But there are 11 exception verbs (endure, twirl, offend, hate, depend, look, see, hold, drive, hear, breathe, which respectively belong to 1 conjugation).
And it is also necessary to remember that in Russian there are different conjugated verbs. Such verbs can have both first and second conjugation endings.
1) First you need to determine whether the verb ending is stressed.
If there is a stressed vowel at the end of the verb:
- verbs of the 1st conjugation will have the following endings: -et, -em, -et, -ut(-ut), -u(-u), eat.
- verbs of the 2nd conjugation will have the following endings: -ish, -im, -it, -ite, -at, -yat.
2) If at the end of the verb the vowel is not stressed, then the conjugation should be determined by the infinitive. If the verb in the form of the infinitive ends in it, then this is a verb of the 2nd conjugation. Exceptions: lay, shave, sway and build.
It is also worth remembering 11 verbs of the 2nd conjugation with the endings et and at: depend, see, hate, endure, hear, twirl, offend, breathe, drive, hold, watch.
All other verbs in which the vowel at the end is unstressed are of the 1st conjugation.
Verbs of the 1st conjugation in Russian end in -yat, -et, -yt, -ot, -at, -ut, -t, with the exception of the 11 following, which, for memorization, were folded into a kind of counting rhyme: drive, hold, twirl, offend , see, hear, hate, and depend, and endure, and even breathe, look. She was voiced by the hero of the movie Plumbum or The Dangerous Game:
Verbs ending in -at, -yat, -ish, -im, -it, -ite - belong to the second conjugation.
run. In the third person plural, this verb has the ending 1 conjugation (run). All other forms of it belong to the second conjugation.
Want. The plural forms of this verb belong to the 2nd conjugation, the singular forms to the first.
glimpse. This verb has only two forms. The first conjugation includes the plural (bezzhat), the second - the third person singular (bezzhet).
Honor. The third person singular of this verb is 1 conjugation. All others are second.
Conjugation is a modification of the form (ending) of the verb by persons and numbers: I sing, you sing, he sings, we sing, you sing, they sing.
Knowing the conjugations, you will correctly write the unstressed endings of verbs with the letters E or I. For example, you see or write.
It must be remembered that in Russian verbs have two conjugations: I and II. But besides this, there are different conjugated verbs.
There are two ways to determine the conjugation of a verb:
Verbs with changes in persons and numbers have personal endings:
First conjugation-y (th), -eat, -et, -eat, -et, -ut (-yut). In the endings we write the letters E, U, Yu
Second conjugation-u (-u), -ish, -it, -im, -ite, -at (-yat). In the endings we write the letters I, A, Z.
For example
Pouring: I pour, you pour, he pours, we pour, you pour, they pour - I conjugation;
Sit: I am sitting, you are sitting, he is sitting, you are sitting, they are sitting - II conjugation.
When conjugating verbs with a prefix you have difficulties, since the prefix you pulls the stress on itself. For example: cut, utter. In these cases, you need to drop the prefix and conjugate the verb without it. For example: cut - cut, I cut, you cut, he cuts, we cut - I conjugation.
Or: pronounce - speak, I speak, you speak, they speak - II conjugation.
Second conjugation these are verbs with an unstressed personal and ending in it (-itsya) in an indefinite form (ride, build, whirl, foam, etc.), except for exception verbs: lay and shave, sway and build (these four verbs belong to the I conjugation ).
Second conjugation these are 7 verbs with the ending -et: offend, endure, see, depend, hate, twirl, look.
Second conjugation these are 4 verbs ending in -at: breathe, hear, hold, drive.
First conjugation these are all verbs with an unstressed personal ending and ending in -et, -at, -yat, -ot, -ut, -yt, -ti, -t, etc. in an indefinite form.
First conjugation these are exception verbs: lay and shave, sway and build.
Conjugation is the main category of the verb as a part of speech. In linguistics, there are two understandings of the term "verb conjugation". The conjugation of a verb in the broad sense is its change in numbers, persons, moods and tenses. Conjugation in the narrow sense - verb changes in persons and numbers. It is necessary to be able to correctly determine the conjugation of each verb, since the level of literacy directly depends on this. Often you need to figure out exactly the type of conjugation of the verb in order to correctly write the word in a specific form.
There is a clear algorithm, thanks to which you can correctly determine the conjugation of the verb. It is also important to remember a number of exceptions, to memorize all the verbs declined in different ways.
If the ending of the verb is under stress, you need to put the verb in the plural form of the third person. Vowels at the end of a word signal that the verb belongs to 1 or 2 conjugation.
Verbs of the 1st conjugation have endings -ut (-yut), 2nd conjugations - -at (-yat).
For example, the 1st conjugation includes the verbs read, sing, bloom, and the 2nd - hang, burn, lie.
It is very important to remember: to determine the conjugation at the end of the third person plural verb is possible only if the ending is stressed.
If the stress does not fall on the end of the verb, the word must be translated into an indefinite form. For example: breathe - breathe. The initial form answers the question “what to do”, has no main categories. It retains only the sign of the species, and it also determines whether the verb is reflexive, transitive or intransitive. The initial (indefinite) form is usually called the infinitive.
Verbs that have an unstressed ending in the initial form -it belong to the 2nd conjugation.
The rest of the verbs belong to 1 conjugation. You also need to remember a number of verbs that are exceptions to the rules.
The verbs of conjugation 1 include the following exception words: beat, shave, twist, rot, live, build, swell, pour, drink, rest, lay, sew, -knock (bruise, make a mistake), as well as all the verbs that come from them educated.
Even at school, everyone got acquainted with an easy rhyme that allows you to quickly memorize 11 verbs, which are the most common exception words to the rule. They do not end in -it, but also belong to the 2nd conjugation. In this case, they are listed alphabetically: twirl, see, drive, hold, breathe, depend, hate, offend, hear, watch, endure. These words must be remembered
Verbs with a stressed prefix "you" require special attention. To accurately determine the conjugation, the prefix must be discarded. In cases where the endings are stressed, they are used to find out the conjugation. If the ending is unstressed, the verb is put into the indefinite form. Of course, the prefix is discarded only when the word is used without it.
There is a group of heterogeneous mixed verbs: run, want, honor and all derivative forms of these words. They are conjugated according to different models, this must be remembered.
The verbs "to run", "to honor", which are in the form of the first, second person, singular, must be declined as verbs of 2 conjugations. According to conjugation model 1, these verbs are conjugated in the third person plural form. Alternative forms are honored and honored.
According to the 2nd conjugation model, it is necessary to inflect the verb “want” in the plural, and in the singular - like the verb of the 1st conjugation.
Archaic endings for the verbs "to give" and "to eat".
It is enough to remember the rules and learn all the exception words in order to correctly determine the conjugation of the verb and correctly express your thoughts without making mistakes.