Do-it-yourself winder staircase: we use diagrams and make a staircase with winder steps with photo instructions. Calculation of wooden and metal stairs to the second floor of the house Stairs with 90 turn steps

Initial data
lifting height	250 cm
The length of the staircase in the plan	300 cm
Platform Width	80 cm
Total steps	13
rotary steps	3
Up to the turning steps	4
Step thickness	5 cm
ledge steps	5 cm
stair string
The length of the upper string of the stairs	248.5 cm
The length of the lower string of the stairs	165.6 cm
The distance on the bowstring between the cuts under the steps	41.4 cm
Ladder angle	28° from floor level
Step sizes
Step Height	19.2 cm
Step depth	41.7 cm
Riser height	14.2 cm
Inner corner of turning steps	30°

reference

Calculation of stairs with 90° turning steps.

A wooden staircase with turning steps allows you to significantly save space in the house without losing convenience and functionality. When calculating, pay attention to the optimal number of rotary steps. In my experience, 3 steps are optimal with a staircase width of 80 cm. More - the steps will be too narrow and therefore uncomfortable.

If the opening is located only above the top of the stairs, then the height at the turning point before the overlap is important in order to avoid head injuries. It must be at least 2 meters.

With this design, the width of the stairs plays an important role. Since it directly affects the convenience of turning steps. The wider the staircase - the more steps can be used without loss of convenience.

Due to the variety of projects and designs, the railings for stairs in the program are not calculated in any way and are not shown.

Important! Pay attention to the dimensions of the turning steps. To get the dimensions of the step - do not forget to add the size of the protrusion to these dimensions.

The calculation of a stone staircase for is no different from the calculation of a wooden or metal staircase. The main thing is to correctly calculate the dimensions of the steps. Their height must be the same for all its parts.

The calculation of the convenience of the stairs is calculated by a formula based on the length of the step.
Human stride length ranges from 60 to 66 cm, with an average of 63 cm.
A comfortable staircase corresponds to the formula: 2 step heights + step depth = 63 ± 3 cm.

The most comfortable slope of the stairs is from 30° to 40°.
The depth of the steps of the stairs should correspond to shoe size 45 - not less than 28-30 cm.
The lack of depth can be compensated by the protrusion of the step.
The height of the step should be up to 20-25 cm.

The program will draw drawings of stairs with turning steps with basic angles and dimensions.
The drawings show the overall dimensions of the stairs, marking the top of the steps on the bowstrings, the corners of the steps and the main dimensions of the steps themselves.

I hope the program will help you design and make a staircase for your summer cottage or home with your own hands.

With a good design, a corner staircase will look great in your home.

How to calculate winder corner stairs

The main disadvantage of a direct march is the high requirements for free space. Therefore, this design is not suitable for every home. Less demanding on free space - a corner staircase with a 90 ° turn.

Stylish corner staircase that occupies a minimum of space.

Short description

A distinctive feature of a winder staircase with a turn of 90 degrees is the absence of a landing. In its place are several wedge-shaped steps. Together they form a smooth turn from one march to another. To do this, one part of the steps is made narrow, and the other - wide.

Such a turn of the stairs is no less convenient option than with a landing.

In fact, a winder staircase is a combination of a helical and marching structure. From the first variety, she got space savings (albeit not too significant), from the second - ease of use.

Climbing the winder ladder will be more convenient for one person.

Such structures are usually installed in the corner of the room, although in some cases they can be placed right in the center of the room. In the first case, the load is partially transferred to the walls, in the second case, the structure is held by 2 load-bearing beams.
Making a staircase with a 90 degree turn is a rather difficult task. This will require the implementation of accurate, the availability of the necessary tools, as well as the manufacture of complex parts. However, with the right approach, this is quite a doable task.

An interesting option for installing a corner staircase is to an attached load-bearing wall.

Pros and cons of winder design

The advantages of stairs with a 90 degree angle include the following points:

Saving free space. Compared to straight marching products, running models take up less space.
Ease of use. If the steps are not too narrow, then climbing or descending the corner stairs is almost as convenient as using a conventional marching structure.
Good reliability and load capacity. Marching varieties are the strongest and most reliable structures.
Wide range of design possibilities. A variety of materials, shapes and details allows you to create a staircase with a unique design.
Interior element. Turning stairs fit almost any room, giving the interior a new and unusual look.

Like all ladder structures, winder ladders have not only advantages, but also some disadvantages. Among which it is worth highlighting the following points:

High price. The cost of manufacturing or purchasing a finished structure remains high.
Manufacturing complexity. To create a quality product, complex calculations and a lot of time for manufacturing parts will be required.
Difficulty in installation. To install a ladder with a turn of 90 degrees, considerable effort and at least 2 people will be required.

A simple version of the winder ladder.

Material used

In the modern world, many materials are used for the production of stairs. For example:

wood;
metal;
concrete and reinforced concrete;
fiberglass, etc.

Pretty not a simple design winder stairs made of concrete.

In most cases, there are models made of wood or metal. The high popularity of these materials can be explained by two factors: reasonable cost and good strength.
Working with a tree is quite simple - no special skills or sophisticated equipment are required here. Also, wooden stairs look presentable and give the room a certain comfort. However, it should be borne in mind that in order to protect the surface, it is required from time to time to cover it with protective agents.

A wooden winder staircase will be ideally combined in a country house.

All-metal products are less common. The fact is that for the manufacture of such structures, knowledge of welding and the availability of appropriate equipment are required. In addition, metal stairs with an angle of 90 degrees look quite specific and will not suit every interior.

Advice!
In some cases, a combined approach can be used. For example, to make load-bearing beams of metal, and install wooden steps on them.

Metal staircase with wooden winder steps.

Despite the similarity of the running corner design with marching models, it is less convenient to climb or descend such stairs. The main negative point is the winder steps, in which one end is narrow and the other is wide. It is this structure that increases the risk of injury and the likelihood of slipping off the steps.

Such a corner staircase is not very safe, so you should go down closer to the wall.

Also, usability is affected by the size of other elements. For example, high railings are not suitable for children, and climbing narrow steps will not be very convenient for everyone without exception.

Therefore, to increase the comfort of use, important points should be considered:

the minimum depth of the narrow part of the winder step is 10 cm, the middle one is not less than 20 cm, the wide part is not more than 40 cm;
the optimal step height is 15-20 cm;
the dimensions of the running and straight steps must correspond throughout the entire flight of stairs;
recommended railing height - 80-100cm;
the optimal distance between the balusters is 12-15 cm;
the minimum height of the opening (free space above the stairs) is 2 m;
the optimal angle of inclination of the stairs is 30-45O;
the minimum width of the flight of stairs is 90 cm.

The optimal dimensions of the winder ladder.

Step calculation

N = number of steps;
H1 - floor height;
H2 - step height.

Calculation of stairs with running steps.

But in some cases, an integer value may not work. In this case, you can go three ways:

change the height of the steps;
make the first step of a non-standard size;
install a platform under the stairs to “adjust” the structure to the desired height.

Advice!
Separately, it is worth mentioning the winder steps - they are not recommended to be installed more than three to five pieces. If there are more of them, then the depth of each tread will turn out to be too narrow and it will be inconvenient or even dangerous to climb such a ladder.

Enlarged winder step.

Making a winder ladder with your own hands

Unlike buying a finished product, creating a winder staircase with a 90-degree turn on your own will avoid large financial costs. However, keep in mind that this is a long and complicated process.

A more complex type of winder staircase design with a 180 degree turn.

For greater clarity, it should be divided into several stages:

carrying out calculations;
parts manufacturing;
construction installation.

Training

Design is the most important step in creating a staircase. It is at this stage that the dimensions of the elements are determined, as well as the appearance of the structure. For this reason, special attention should be paid to preparation.

Design consists of 3 stages:

taking measurements;
making payments;
diagramming.

First of all, you should determine the location of the flight of stairs and take appropriate measurements. In particular, the length, width and height of the space under the stairs. It is the location of the running product and the free area that affect the size of the structure.

A good miscalculation of the space under the winder stairs.

The next step is to do the calculations. Here you should build on the previous stage, and also take into account the optimal dimensions. For example, the angle of the stairs, the number of steps, etc.
Produced drawing of winder staircase with 90 degree turn.

The winder ladder scheme acts as a visual aid. In addition, a neat and unhurried approach to drawing up a drawing will avoid many problems in the following stages. For example, questions about the size of individual elements or their compliance with the recommended parameters.

Execution of work

For the manufacture of parts and installation of the structure, the following tools will be required:

saw;
Sander;
drill;
welding machine (if there are metal elements in the stairs);
fasteners (bolts, anchors, self-tapping screws).

The manufacture and installation of the structure takes place in a certain order:

load-bearing beams are made and mounted on the wall;
a support pole is installed;
steps are cut;
steps are installed on load-bearing beams (they should be mounted from the bottom up);
balusters are inserted into the bearing beams;
handrails are placed on the fence posts.

Saving space and pleasing appearance - this is a brief description of the corner staircase with winder steps. This design will look great in any room, literally transforming it. Therefore, in order to get a beautiful and high-quality product, you should act very carefully and slowly at all stages of manufacturing.

Ksenia Skvortsova. Chief Editor. Author.
Planning and distribution of responsibilities in the content production team, work with texts.
Education: Kharkov State Academy of Culture, specialty “Culturologist. Lecturer in History and Theory of Culture. Experience in copywriting: From 2010 to the present. Editor: since 2016.

The winder staircase drawing is in great demand in homes where comfortable, safe movement between floors is required, but there is no technical possibility of placing a direct structure. Such structures require special attention at the stage.

Scheme with the names of the elements of the winder stairs

Winder steps are widely used for the following types of stairs:

Screw. The most compact options for lifting structures. The recommended width of the overall opening is up to 3000 mm.
L-shaped. Devices with 90˚ rotation. They take up less space than straight marches or marching with platforms.
U-shaped. They have a rotation of 180˚, more compact than the previous version.
Curvilinear. They feature smooth turning lines. Winder steps (treads) are often used with the same parameters, which creates additional comfort when climbing.

The shape of the turning tread for such structures has the shape of a truncated triangle. Due to the compactness of the device is saved.

Scheme of the device for turning the winder ladder

Winder steps can be located at the bottom, at the top, in the middle of the flight of stairs. For safe movement, the first two options are recommended. They have good visibility of the turning area, which allows you to orient yourself in time and change the position of the foot or step length.

Winder staircases are more difficult to implement than straight structures or with transition platforms. Therefore, drawings with incorrectly executed structures are often found.

And this not only reduces the comfort of movement, but also increases the risk of injury from a fall.

Basic requirements for winder ladders

Comfort and safety are the basic principles that any building construction must meet. The staircase is no exception. A number of the technical requirements presented are also typical for direct mid-flight structures:

Scheme of a wooden staircase with winder steps

All of the above characteristics and data will ensure the comfort and safety of movement between floors.

Advantages of running structures

The main advantages of winder stairs include:

Compactness. Often, a direct structure does not allow the area or dimensions of the opening to the second floor to be placed. In order to overcome these difficulties with minimal losses, winder steps are mounted in turning marches.
Aesthetics. adds a special charm to the interior of the house.
Saving materials. With an increase in the angle of inclination (steepness), the consumption of materials decreases somewhat.

The disadvantages include a decrease in the level of comfort and safety of movement. Running treads differ in size, you will have to adapt. Yes, and disperse on such a march is more difficult than on ordinary stairs.

Classic winder look

Technical data for drawings

For the competent drawing up of a winding ladder scheme, it is required to take into account all the above standards, the dimensions of the premises and link them on the plan. To do this, proceed to the following steps:

Determine the location of the structure.
Appropriate measurements are taken: the width of the opening, the height from the finished floor of the first floor to the surface of the floor of the second.
Drawn to scale with detail. If there are openings, windows, ledges, niches in the place where the staircase will be mounted, they are marked on the drawing with reference to the walls and floor.
Choose the type of construction and building material for it.
Preliminary calculations are made for the number, height and depth of steps.

Scheme and drawing of winder stairs

These data will help to make the right choice of design, which will ensure compliance with building codes.

Preliminary calculation of data

Knowing the height between the levels and the formula for comfortable movement, you can calculate the length of the flight of stairs, the number of expected steps. For example, the specified height between floors is 2600 mm. We choose the height of the degrees from the recommended range of 120 mm. Let's make all the calculations to build a drawing:

The example shows that it is better to revise the parameters of the steps. This will save a lot of space. For example, with a riser height of 150 mm, the tread depth will be 300 mm, and the length of the stairs will be 5,400. Which will save 3 square meters. m. usable area of the house.

Drawings and methods for calculating winder steps

Taking into account modern realities and obtaining a quick result, you can use several methods for drawing up a design diagram.

Project programs

The best option for design. There are softwares that, based on the drawing, issue a specification for sawn materials. This option is not provided. But after completing a detailed drawing, it will not be difficult to calculate the amount of material. The disadvantage of this method is the time spent on searching and mastering the software product.

Ready solutions

Drawings posted on the Internet allow you to choose the right option. But you should check them for compliance with technical requirements in order to protect yourself from someone's design illiteracy.

Winder ladder drawing

To do this, you can use online calculators or master one of the methods for calculating winder steps.

The main difficulty when working with such drawings is to fit a ready-made solution into the right space. You may encounter the fact that a window or ledge on the wall will be at the place where the stairs are mounted.

You will either have to adapt the design for, or look for another suitable option.

Online calculators

They will help to make calculations and issue recommendations for correcting the structure if it does not comply with building codes. Based on the received data, a detailed drawing is automatically generated. This is the easiest and most affordable way to develop drawings for individual sizes. But in the future, you should make a binding to .

The interface of the online calculator for calculating winders

Otherwise, the resulting design may close the window or doorway.

Proportion Method

The main difficulty in the independent design of stairs with winders is the calculation of the number and development of the forms of rotary elements. Calculation using proportions. This method is suitable for stairs with a turn of 90˚, 180˚. First you need to draw a top view of the future structure, fitting it into the estimated area. Then perform a series of operations:

This is the easiest and most affordable way to build a drawing. There are three more methods: Danish, sweep and lift lines. The listed technologies are complex and require deeper knowledge of mathematical analysis. These methods require taking into account the horizontal and vertical curvature of the structure.

An example of a metal frame for a winder ladder

It should be noted that the drawing by any of the above methods is performed with a certain degree of error. Therefore, even professionals adjust parts at the assembly site. A winder staircase is a more complex structure, so if you are not confident in your abilities, then it is better to entrust the calculation, design, installation to specialized enterprises.

If the room has high ceilings, then you should also pay attention to the buildings from a series of steps with a 90-degree turn. To make lifting safer, it is preferable to use an intermediate platform during the construction of structures.

Let's highlight some of the features:

the space under the steps can be used for your own needs;
may, if necessary, have entry from any side: ninety-degree stairs are right-handed and left-handed;
winder steps during the construction of the structure are smaller in height, unlike other types of stairs;
marches are at right angles, the intermediate platform is executed in the form of a square.

The most commonly used material in the manufacture is wood. By production of stairs of wooden rotary on 90 degrees firm breeds of wood are used: an oak, an ash-tree, a beech. Or semi-solid: spruce, larch, pine. Wooden structures have always been famous for their elegance. In addition, wooden products will have a beneficial effect on health.

The presented structure, right-handed or left-handed, can be equipped with winder steps. Climbing a winder staircase with a 90-degree turn cannot be called very comfortable, since the inside of its steps is smaller than the outside. However, the design has an elegant appearance, and if properly located, it will save a lot of space and will serve for many years.

Calculation of a turntable at ninety degrees

Calculating the dimensions of the finished structure is not an easy task. You can use special mathematical formulas, but it's easier to do this with the help of an online calculation calculator, which can be found on the Internet. You will need the following measurements:

distance between two floors (from the floor of the first floor to the floor of the second);
opening length;
building width.

This is the minimum set of parameters that you will need.
With certain knowledge and skills, you can carry out the calculation yourself. If not, then we recommend using the services of our professional measurer.

If an L-shaped staircase is installed in the room, then a situation is possible when, in order to reduce the size of the stairwell and save space, it is necessary to abandon the platform and instead make winder steps.

A tread staircase is more compact than a landing design. At the same time, winder stairs have a number of disadvantages, the most important of which are irregularly shaped radial steps and the resulting features.

In this article, we will tell you how to properly design a staircase with winder steps so that it is convenient and safe to use.

Safety requirements for stairs

To smooth out design flaws, corner stairs must be correctly designed by calculating winder steps, taking into account the following requirements:

the depth of the steps in the widest part should not exceed 40 cm, and in the narrow part - not less than 10 cm;
in the middle, all winder steps must be of the same depth, but not less than 20 cm;
step height can vary from 12 to 22 cm;
the edge of the tread should not protrude more than 4 cm;
when designing l-shaped stairs, follow the following formulas (where e is the depth of the step, j is the height of the riser):
1. convenience formula: e - j = 12 cm;
2. safety formula: e + j = 46 cm.
3. step formula: 2 j + e = 62 (60-64) cm;
if a staircase is built with a turn of 180 degrees, then the distance between the marches should be at least ¼ of the width of the step, otherwise the depth of the turning step in the narrow part will turn out to be too small (less than 10 cm), which is unacceptable;
the distance from the flight of stairs to the ceiling must be at least 200 cm;

Calculation of stairs with winder steps

After the main dimensions of the curved staircase are determined based on the video, it is necessary to calculate the configuration and number of winder steps.

U-shaped staircase

First of all, it is necessary to designate the center of the arc coinciding with the inner radius of the stairs, that is, point "A". Then determine the number of turning steps: the more of them, the smaller the angle of rotation for each and the more comfortable it will be to move up the stairs.

Let's assume that the rungs will be steps up to the seventh inclusive. Then a straight line DE is drawn through the beginning of the eighth step. Line AB divides the staircase into left and right parts. In the middle of the march it is necessary to draw a curve ace corresponding to the line of motion. From AB on the line of motion, a section equal to ½ b, where b- the width of the usual step. We get point 1. Further from it we set aside a segment equal to b and mark point 2. Similarly, at regular intervals, mark the remaining points 3-7.

Further, through point 1 and A, we draw a straight line until it intersects with DE. We also draw a straight line through points 2 and A. On the DE section, we get points 1 and 2. We set aside segments equal to sections 1-2 on the DE line and mark them with numbers 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, respectively. Now connect point 3 on the line of motion ace with point 3 on the line DE, then we connect the corresponding points 4, 5, 6, 7. Thus, the configuration of the steps is determined. A similar calculation is made for the right side of the stairs with turning steps.

As in the case of the U-shaped staircase, point "A" is located and a straight line AC is drawn. There are two options for the location of the steps:

straight AC bisects the angular step;
two steps adjoin the straight line AC with their edges.

In the second case, similarly to the U-shaped staircase, a line of motion is drawn ace. On a curved section, segments with a length of b(width of a straight step). The number of running steps is determined. Suppose these are steps 1, 2, 3 and 4. Then a line EB is drawn through the end of step 4, where "B" is the intersection of lines EB and CA. Further, from the point “A”, segment AD is arbitrarily laid off, and points 2, 3 and 4 are marked on it so that segment A2 is equal to two parts, segment 23 - three, 34 - four. An arbitrary segment equal to 1 conventional unit (cm, dm) is taken as one part.

Now we connect points 4 and B. From points 2 and 3 to the intersection with AB, we draw straight lines parallel to segment B4. The points obtained in the section AB are connected, respectively, with points 3 and 2 on the line of motion ac. These lines define the winder configuration.

In the case when the straight line AC divides the step in half, the calculation of the winder stairs is carried out in a similar way.

Ladder with a 90 degree turn - how to do it yourself

We will show how to make a winder ladder using the example of a structure with the following parameters:

the length of the staircase is 2294 mm;
width - 930 mm;
ceiling height - 2683 mm.

The corner staircase consists of two marches. There are 8 steps in a long march, and the top one coincides with the platform of the second floor. There are 2 steps in the lower march. And three winder steps, the angle of rotation of which is 30 °. The project of a wooden staircase will look like this:

A wooden staircase with a turn is carried out on two stringers with dimensions of 50x300x3000 mm, one of which is fixed to the wall, and the other to a support pillar with dimensions of 100x100x2500 mm. It is also necessary to purchase steps 900x300x40 mm in size, a turntable 900x900x40 mm, from which winder steps will be cut, and balusters.

A wooden staircase with winder steps, having this shape and parameters, is made in several stages.

Manufacturing of stringers

First you need to prepare a template, which is a right triangle, the legs of which are equal to the depth of the tread and the height of the riser. For convenience, the triangle should be fixed on the guide rail, as in the photo. Using this template, mark out the stringer and cut out the excess with a circular saw. It must be remembered that in the thinnest part, the width of the stringer should not be less than 15 cm.

In the corner we are constructing an impromptu supporting structure, which will burst the wall stringer and serve as the basis for the winder steps.

We fix the upper ends of the stringers with metal corners.

After the load-bearing elements are fixed, the following should be obtained:

When installing stringers, it is important to monitor the level so that later the steps lie strictly horizontally. The most common mistake of inexperienced craftsmen is that horizontality is taken to be parallel to the floor. But the floor can be uneven, so this parameter must be determined only with the help of a level.

How to make winder steps

Winder steps are cut from a rectangular board 900x900x40 mm. For stairs with a 90 degree turn, three steps will suffice. To make them, we divide the board into three parts with lines coming out of one corner. The cut steps are adjusted in length.

Having decided which varnish to cover the stairs, we apply at least 3 layers on the steps.

Winder stairs installation

To fix the winder steps, grooves are cut out in the column, the height of which is slightly less than the thickness of the board. So we will ensure reliable fixation of the steps on the inside of the stairs. And from the outside, we are finalizing the supporting structure so that steps can be placed on it.

From the outside of the flight of stairs, the turning steps are screwed to the supporting frame using self-tapping screws. The inner ends of the steps are inserted into the cuts and glued with PVA glue mixed with sawdust to reinforce the structure.

We cut the end of the bowstring at a right angle relative to the floor so that the entrance pole can be installed.

Handrail installation

Now you need to install balusters. Sometimes they are attached from below through the steps with self-tapping screws, but this method is unreliable. It is better to use dowels - cylindrical wooden rods.

To do this, a hole is drilled in the steps, the diameter of which is slightly smaller than the dowel section, and filled with glue. A similar hole is made in the balusters, and it is very important that it be exactly in the center. If the baluster is rectangular, then the center is defined as the intersection of the diagonals of the rectangle. Try to drill holes as accurately as possible so that they turn out to be strictly vertical, because the position of the balusters will depend on this.

A rope is stretched between the first and last pillar, along which the angle of inclination of the railing is marked on all balusters. Further, according to the applied marks, the tops of the racks are cut off. Thus, we prepare the balusters for the installation of the handrail.

The handrail can be fixed with simple self-tapping screws (solid), and the attachment points can be hidden with putty.

A single-flight staircase with winder steps is ready. Here's what we got.

With this method of manufacture, the load on the lower rotary stage will act along the fibers of the tree, which is undesirable, as this weakens the structure. In this case, it will be necessary to additionally strengthen the step with a support, which we did.

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