What work to do with grapes in the fall. Systematic care of grapes in the autumn. Caring for fruit trees in September

Every real owner knows that the garden needs a lot of attention and care in autumn. The work done during these months is intended to cultivate the soil, enrich the earth with the necessary substances and ensure the protection of plants during the winter.

Formation of landscape design

Garden care in autumn includes planting young fruit trees. Since the soil has not yet cooled down after the warm summer time, the roots of young seedlings quickly take root in a new place. Moreover, plants in the fall do not release excess energy for the growth of leaves and the formation of fruits. Therefore, they direct all their strength to the roots. What to plant in the garden in autumn? This is up to you. There is practically no such perennial plant that would not be accepted at this time. Despite the fact that autumn is considered the rainy season, it is recommended not to neglect watering recently, as the wind can dry out the top layer of the earth too quickly.

The best fertilizer

Of course, the garden takes a lot of time and you can prepare the fertilizer yourself. Many people think that the main task of working in the garden in the fall is cleaning up fallen leaves. Their summer residents are usually raked into heaps and burned. This is the biggest mistake. Why burn or throw away life-giving substances, and then separately buy fertilizers, if you can make them yourself? We suggest that you act rationally and do not spend extra money in order to fertilize the garden in the fall. Wait until all the leaves have fallen, then go over it with a lawn mower to chop it well. Next, around each tree, carefully, without damaging the root system, we make small holes. Experts recommend raking crushed leaves in them. All this will quickly decompose. Our small leaves will turn into a great organic soil supplement. Thus, you will still carry out mulching and insulate the roots of trees for the winter. Here is such a triple benefit for your garden!

Getting ready for winter

Usually no work is done in the garden during the summer. During this period, a considerable number of pests accumulate here. Garden care in the fall also involves the processing of trunks and When is the best time to do this? Immediately after harvesting, fruit trees are recommended to be treated with urea. In this regard, a solution is prepared. We need 500 grams of urea per 10 liters of water.

In cases where scab has attacked the trees or more of the crop has suffered from rot, the diseased plant must be treated with copper sulphate. The preparation is simple. Its solution consists of 100 grams of vitriol and 10 liters of water. And the fruits that have suffered from rot must be removed from the territory of the garden plot. Trees must be carefully dug up. For this, it is better to use a pitchfork so as not to damage the roots. After that, you can fertilize and water the tree. It is not recommended to level the soil after digging. There is an explanation for this. An uneven surface absorbs moisture better after rains and melted snow. They will then perfectly level the ground. These are the tasks that summer residents have to perform, preparing their site for winter. Now you know what to do in the fall in the garden.

tree pruning

Pruning of fruit trees is usually done twice a year. This must be done in the spring and autumn periods. Consider the procedure for preparing plants for winter. Pruning the garden in autumn takes place after all the foliage has fallen, but before the onset of frost. Experts are of the opinion that this process increases the possible harvest for the next year. But you can't overdo it. It is better to adhere to certain rules so as not to harm the trees. One of the purposes of pruning is to thin out the branches to improve airflow and sunlight to the entire canopy of the tree. And in young seedlings, this procedure is performed to form the correct crown. As for mature trees, their thinning consists in cutting out branches that grow towards the trunk or down. They are not needed. Also remove branches that intersect with others. Thus, the crown is formed correctly. Branches should be evenly distributed in all directions. So the plant will get enough light.

An important factor is the shortening of the branches, which is performed in order to control their growth and set the direction in the right direction. The simplest purpose of pruning is to remove dry or diseased shoots. They need to be removed from the garden and burned. This is done so that the disease does not spread to other trees. Pruning dry branches does not cause any damage to plants. This procedure does not require additional manipulations. But diseased branches are, in fact, alive. The places of their cut for a tree are like open wounds. They need to be processed. To do this, it is best to use drying oil or oil paint. It also does not hurt to water the trees well and add fertilizer to the soil after pruning.

Secrets of the formation of crowns of fruit trees

Garden care in autumn is about pruning trees, as we have already mentioned. But it must be carried out not chaotically, but based on established norms. Do not prune young trees too much. This will slow down their growth and delay the time of fruiting. To form a solid skeleton of a tree, only one main top branch must be left, and all competitors should be removed. If the annual growth of the plant is too weak, then you need to carry out a stronger pruning. There are times when it is better to remove one large branch than to constantly remove many small ones. If the cut diameter is greater than 1 centimeter, then it must be treated with garden pitch, drying oil or oil paint.

Tree pruning should be done after the leaves have fallen and before the onset of frost. There should not be branches that depart from the axis at sharp angles, they must be removed. Pruning each tree is an individual task. The intensity of the procedure depends on the type and variety of the plant. If the tree has suffered from frost, then its haircut should be postponed until spring. Then you will definitely see the affected area. For older trees and shrubs, heavy pruning can be applied to rejuvenate the plant. All waste must be removed from the garden area and burned. All tools must be sharp so that during the procedure they do not pull the bark off the plants.

Tree trunk cleaning

We are more and more convinced that the garden in the fall, the processing of trees requires a lot of time. Attention should also be paid to cleaning the trunks of fruit plants. This type of work is usually carried out every two to three years. Using a metal brush or scraper, you need to clean off the dead layer of bark. But this is done very carefully so as not to damage living tissues. This process also aims to kill pests that often live in layers of dry bark. After cleaning the trunk, it needs to be whitewashed. This is done in order to protect against temperature changes, wind and new pests.

Planting trees in autumn

Many people ask the question: “What to plant in the fall in the garden?” In fact, all fruit trees. You can repot whatever you want in the fall. The most popular plants are apple trees, pears, plums, cherries, apricots. The main thing is to properly prepare the soil and seedlings. Also, autumn is a favorable period for transplanting shrubs such as gooseberries, currants, honeysuckle, raspberries. At the same time, do not forget to water them abundantly and properly fertilize.

The value of autumn work

Garden care in the fall is an integral part of the work of every summer resident. In this way, he takes care of his plants, prevents their diseases, and promotes better tree growth. The quality of autumn work determines the future harvest. The condition of the trees after winter will also depend on the preparation for winter. Therefore, do not neglect the autumn work in the garden.

A large and tasty harvest of grapes does not work on its own. Heavy clusters and juicy berries are the result of painstaking and difficult work of winegrowers. This work covers most of the year. Of particular importance is the care of grapes in the fall. At this time, the foundations for the next season are laid, conditions are created for overwintering in conditions unfavorable for the grapes, and the treatment, strengthening and renewal of the bushes are carried out.

Autumn processing of grapes includes a whole range of works

Competent autumn work is the key to the success of the grower, for this reason this issue requires systematic consideration.

general information

Numerous factors influence the nature of care. These activities depend on the characteristics of the variety, climatic conditions in the growing region, the age of the plant and many other characteristics.

Autumn processing begins with harvest

Caring for grapes in autumn is not such an easy task, it requires attention, patience and compliance with fundamental requirements.

This is a multi-stage work, involving the implementation of the following activities:

  • Spraying and processing.
  • Pruning and shaping.
  • Soil preparation, watering and fertilization.
  • Shelter.
  • If necessary, grafting and transplantation activities are carried out in the fall.

Treatment of grapes to protect against diseases and pests

Dangerous diseases of grapes are mildew, gray rot, oidium. Before processing, a visual inspection is mandatory. If shoots affected by infection are found, they are carefully removed, and the bush itself is treated with special preparations.

The list of proposed means of combating mildew today is quite extensive and varied. Among the most popular tools that you can easily purchase are the following:

  • Ridomil;
  • Amistar;
  • Kartocide;
  • Novozir;
  • Pencozeb.

Spraying the vines before shelter

Effective means of combating oidium include sulfur-containing drugs:

  • solution of colloidal sulfur;
  • Mikal;
  • Strobe;
  • Fundazol;
  • Efal.

To counteract gray rot, drugs are used:

  • Horus;
  • Rovral;
  • Euparen and others.

If the bush is negatively affected by the life of the bunch leafworm, the bushes should be sprayed with a decoction of tobacco and chamomile.

Shoots of healthy grapes are treated with a 5% solution of copper or iron sulphate before covering.

Pruning and shaping a vine

The procedure for removing unnecessary sections of the bush allows you to solve several problems. So, removing old, damaged and diseased shoots will reduce the likelihood of developing diseases. In addition, this will allow the plant to use nutrients for the development of young shoots, which can produce a better and more abundant harvest. Limiting the growth of grapes helps to regulate the load of fruits and allows you to better care for the bush.

Cutting off the excess above-ground part of the plant allows you to strengthen its "immunity" before the winter cold, simplify the task of sheltering.

Formation is inextricably linked with the circumcision procedure. It allows you to form an effective "structure" of the bush for the next season, remove excess shoots, direct the growth of the plant, competently prepare replacement knots for the future.

Autumn pruning is done with a stock of vines

If pruning is used, then the knife and pruner must be well sharpened and disinfected.

Soil cultivation and top dressing

The root system for the winter period requires a sufficient amount of moisture. For this reason, the soil must be actively moistened, it must be watered without fail before covering. In addition, watering can be carried out more than once if dry soil conditions or established hot weather require it. But do not be zealous with the frequency and abundance of watering, excess moisture is also harmful to the plant, as well as its lack. Loosening the soil and its mulching allow you to save and retain a sufficient amount of moisture in the soil. In addition, this procedure will help saturate the soil with oxygen.

It is imperative to clean the soil from all organic remains of grapes, remove weeds. This is an environment for pests, including the very dangerous phylloxera.

The soil around the bush must be thoroughly cleaned

Spring and summer growth and development of the bush, fruit ripening require a large amount of nutrients and elements. After the harvest, the grapes are seriously weakened and require high-quality replenishment of the expended resources.

Most often, a small amount of organic fertilizers with the addition of wood ash is able to solve the problem. It could be manure or compost.

Autumn top dressing is important to carry out in a timely manner and in moderation.

Excess fertilizer will lead to negative consequences. If, when planting a bush, fertilizers were laid in the recess, top dressing in the fall should not be carried out during the first 2-3 seasons. Fertilizers are added once every 2-3 years.

As top dressing with microelements are used:

  • Superphosphates - 20 g per 1 sq. m. surface.
  • Potassium salt - 10 g.
  • Boric acid - 1-2.5 g.
  • Zinc sulfate - 2 g.
  • Manganese sulfate - 2-2.5 g.
  • Potassium iodine - 1 g.
  • Ammonium molybdate - 5 g.

Fertilizers are applied to a depth of 20-25 cm.

Unripe shoots must be cut off

For high-quality ripening of the vine in September, foliar top dressing of grapes is carried out. Such measures allow you to "strengthen the immune system" before the upcoming wintering and reduce the likelihood of diseases. For spraying, it is recommended to use a solution of water, soda or salt. In 12 liters of warm water dissolve 10 tablespoons of table salt and 5 tablespoons of baking soda.

From a special spray gun, all parts of the bush are sprayed, starting from the trunk, ending with the upper shoots and twigs. The procedure is carried out in mid-October.

sheltering bushes

The procedure for sheltering bushes is used to protect grapes from low temperatures in winter. In viticulture, a lot of ways and methods of sheltering are used.

Preparing the vine for shelter

As a covering material are used:

  • Snow.
  • The soil.
  • Film.
  • Agrofibre.
  • Coniferous spruce branches, etc.

Shelter for the winter with hay, spruce branches and film

It is recommended to use mixed methods, that is, apply several types of covering material at the same time. Thus, it becomes possible to neutralize the weak qualities of each product individually and summarize the strengths, which will achieve maximum protection against the winter cold. The nature of the sheltering of grapes also depends on the region of cultivation, the terrain, the nature of the soil, climatic features and varietal parameters.

Grapes are everyone's favorite berries, tart fragrant wines, delicious raisins and shady coolness in the summer heat. At the same time, agrotechnical measures for growing grapes are quite painstaking and require certain knowledge. It is necessary to try very hard to get high yields of this tasty and healthy berry from year to year. But the results will be worth it...

Pruning grapes in autumn is one of the most important agrotechnical measures for the care of grapes. Autumn pruning of grapes is started when the brushes are fully ripe and its vegetation is over. Falling leaves can serve as an external indicator of the onset of such a moment. In central Russia, autumn pruning of grapes is carried out at the end of October.

It is especially important that by the beginning of pruning, the main buds of the grapes have formed and reserve nutrients have been deposited in sufficient quantities in the tissues of the stems and roots. And this, mainly, depends on the summer care of the grapes, ensuring their health and growth.

Why you need to prune grapes in the fall.

Autumn pruning of grapes achieves the following goals

  • preservation of the shape given to the bush
  • removing unwanted parts from the hive
  • establishment in the bush of a certain ratio between the growth and fruit vines of grapes
  • determining the load of the bush with flower buds

Basic principles of autumn pruning grapes

The main form of the grape bush, as a rule, is a multi-armed fan trellis.

Before pruning, they inspect the bush as a whole, determine its main shape and the condition of its constituent parts - the head of the bush, sleeves and fruit links. Then they begin cutting all unnecessary and diseased vines of grapes, at the base of the bush and on its main parts. The photo shows a fragment of a bush that needs to be cut.

After cleaning, the bush will have, during normal shaping, a certain number of sleeves with fruit links on them.

After that, they begin to trim the vines on each fruit link separately. First of all, the fruiting vine is cut off. It is cut at the base with part of the two-year-old branch on which it is located. The wound after cutting should be located on the inside of the branch. In each fruit link there will be two annual vines

Then a new fruit link is formed on each sleeve of the bush. To this end, the lower vine, located on the outside of the replacement knot, is cut into three or four buds to form a new replacement knot. The upper vine is cut at the height of the 14th–20th bud to form a new fruiting vine. Thus, on each sleeve of the bush, a new fruit link is created with a replacement knot and a fruit vine.

Establishing the right balance between growth and fruiting and determining the optimal load on grapes are the main points to consider when pruning.

Rice. 1 Schematic view of a grape bush before autumn pruning.

1-sleeve bush, II - fruiting vines, III - replacement vines.

Figure 1 schematically reproduces the appearance of a vine bush in autumn before pruning. On each sleeve of the bush there are fruiting vines (II) and replacement knots with developed replacement vines (III)

All fruiting vines (II) are cut out, and replacement vines on bases (III) are cut to form new fruit links. At the same time, the upper vines in each link are left for fruiting, cutting them into 14-20 buds, and the lower vines are shortened by 3-4 buds to create a new replacement knot.

Wounds resulting from cutting off fruiting vines should be located on one inner side of each sleeve of the bush. This is achieved by the fact that the fruiting vines in each fruit link are grown on replacement knots from the upper buds located on the inner side with respect to the bush. With such a one-sided arrangement of wounds, sap flow in the permanent parts of the bush is disturbed to a lesser extent. Wounds located on different sides of the sleeves greatly impede the flow of sap in the bush and reduce productivity.

With the above regular change of the fruit link, that is, fruit vines and replacement vines, each sleeve of the bush is annually lengthened by one internode (Fig. 2). Therefore, over time, the sleeves of the bush can be significantly lengthened. In addition, grape sleeves age and their productivity decreases. In cases where the lengthening of the sleeves of the bush and their aging reaches an acceptable limit, they begin to shorten them, and sometimes, if the sleeves are sick, and replace them with new ones.

Rice. 2 Scheme of the annual lengthening of the sleeve of a vine bush

A - perennial stem, B - three-year, C - two-year, G - one-year

The old sleeves of the bush are replaced with new ones as follows. At the base of the old sleeve to be replaced, a strong one-year-old shoot is brought up during the growing season. In autumn, when pruning a bush, the old unnecessary sleeve is removed near the developed shoot, and this shoot is cut off to form a new sleeve. The sleeve is formed with a length of 50-60 centimeters with the laying of a fruit link on it. To this end, in the fall or next spring, the shoot is cut at a height of 50-60 centimeters. Subsequently, vines are raised from the upper two or three buds of this shoot to create a fruit link. All shoots developing from the underlying buds are removed or pinched.

In cases where it is only necessary to shorten the sleeve of the grape bush, a new shoot developing from a dormant bud is brought up in the place of the sleeve in which it is desirable to shorten.

All operations for cutting the old part of the sleeve and cutting the shoot to form a new sleeve and fruit link are performed in the same way as described above.

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