Front brick, solid, single, size 1NF, strength grade M100, medium density class 2.0, frost resistance grade F50:

Brick KOLPO 1NF/100/2.0/50/GOST 530-2007

Ordinary hollow brick, single, size 1NF, strength grade M100, average density class 1.4, frost resistance grade F50:

Brick KORPu 1NF/100/1.4/50/GOST 530-2007

Brick of modular dimensions 1.3NF, strength grade M150, medium density class 1.2, frost resistance grade F50:

Brick KM 1.3NF/150/1.2/50/GOST 530-2007

Ordinary stone, size 2.1NF, strength grade M150, medium density class 1.2, frost resistance grade F50:

Stone KR 2.1NF/150/1.2/50/GOST 530-2007

Forms and sizes of products

Figure - Brick format 1 (1.4) NF with 36 square voids

2.1 NF stone with 30 square holes and a grip hole

2.1 NF stone with 30 voids and a gripping hole

Large-format stone 4.5 NF

Large-format stone 10.7 NF

CONCRETE

1. GENERAL CONCEPTS ABOUT CONCRETE

Concrete is an artificial stone obtained as a result of hardening of a rationally selected, mixed and compacted mixture of binder, fine and coarse aggregates, additives and water. Before hardening, the mixture is called - concrete mixture.

Currently, for general construction works, concretes based on inorganic (mineral) binders are used. To obtain a mixture and ensure hardening processes, such concretes are mixed with water.

There is usually no chemical interaction between the binder and aggregate (except for autoclaved and silicate concretes), and therefore aggregates are also called inert materials.

Aggregates are introduced into concrete for technical and economic reasons. Not participating in chemical processes, at the same time, they significantly affect the structure and properties of concrete, create a rigid spatial frame that reduces shrinkage deformations. , and cement 10–15% by weight of concrete.

To regulate the various properties of the concrete mixture and concrete, various additives are introduced into its composition that can give the mixture and concrete specific properties or improve their main indicators.

For civil and industrial buildings and structures, concrete is mainly subject to a number of requirements: high strength, frost resistance, low creep, for hydraulic structures (dams, locks, piers, bridge supports, etc.) operating in aqueous media, increased density, water resistance, frost resistance, often chemical resistance. In massive structures, concretes with reduced heat release and low shrinkage are needed. Concretes used as heat and sound insulating materials must have low thermal conductivity and high closed porosity.

With all the variety of properties, concrete is a brittle material: its compressive strength is several times higher than its tensile strength, therefore, to absorb tensile forces, concrete is reinforced with metal and plastic rods (reinforcement).

The joint work of reinforcement and concrete is due to good adhesion between them, close indicators of linear temperature expansion. Concrete at the same time protects the steel reinforcement from corrosion.

CONCRETE is classified according to the following criteria:

by appointment:

- structural (foundations, columns, beams, floor slabs, bridges and other types of structures);

– hydrotechnical (dams, locks, lining of canals, water supply and sewerage facilities),

- structural and heat-insulating for enclosing structures (light);

- special purpose (heat-resistant, acid-resistant, for radiation protection, road, airfield, etc.);

type of binder: cement, silicate, gypsum, slag-alkali, polymer concrete (plastic concrete), polymer cement, asphalt, etc.;

structure: dense, large-porous, porous, cellular;

placeholder type: on aggregates of dense rocks, on porous aggregates.

on density:

- for especially heavy ones with a density of more than 2500 kg / m 3;

- heavy with a density of 2200–2500 kg / m 3;

- lightweight with a density of 1800–2200 kg / m 3;

- light with a density of 500-1800 kg / m 3;

- extra light with a density of less than 500 kg / m 3 used for thermal insulation.

according to hardening conditions:

- natural hardening (as a rule, for monolithic structures);

- subjected to heat treatment at normal pressure, (for the manufacture of prefabricated products and structures);

- subjected to autoclave processing, (mainly silicate, and cellular).

Concrete technology includes a number of technological operations: preparation of raw materials, design and adjustment of the concrete composition depending on the design conditions and initial characteristics of the raw materials, dosing of the concrete mixture components, preparation of the concrete mixture - mixing, manufacturing of reinforcing elements and installation in the flow (or formwork), transportation of the mixture to the place of laying, filling of forms or formwork and compaction of the mixture, subsequent hardening of concrete

Like other building materials, GOST provides for mandatory product labeling for bricks. Marking, or how else to call the conventional designation of ceramic bricks, is carried out in letters and numbers. This is a very important detail of the products, since by marking you can immediately find out the basic information about the type, strength, dimensions of this type of building material.

For a specialist in this field, the information placed in the marking can tell about all the properties of the purchased material that he needs and not make a mistake in choosing it for certain tasks.

As mentioned above, the brick marking is made up of alphanumeric designations. At the same time, the marking includes several groups of symbols describing various properties of the product. The marking of ceramic bricks includes several indices.

Groups in the marking of ceramic bricks

1. Designation of the type of brick. It can consist of two or three letter combinations. In the first place is the type of brick (see note No. 1), which characterizes its appearance or, more precisely, its variety. In second place is the letter R or L. These letters indicate an ordinary or face brick.

Facing ceramic bricks are of high quality and are used for exterior decoration of a building - as they often say, they “line a house” with it, that is, they lay out an outer row of masonry that does not require additional processing and preparation such as plastering. An ordinary brick is used for the wall itself, which is not visible and bricks with worse external characteristics can be laid in it.

And finally, one of the designations of the type of brick can be in third place (Po is a solid brick, Pu is a hollow brick). This parameter greatly affects the thermal performance of the future building envelope (wall).

2. Brick size. Depending on the size of the product, there are special designations, which are presented in note No. 2 at the end of the article. This is a very important element, especially for calculating the amount of material for construction or repair. Also, the size affects the type of masonry, because the seams should clearly join in the horizon, and if this is the front masonry, then vertically.

The most common size of ceramic bricks, so to speak, the standard one is 1 NF - 250 x 120 x 65 mm.

3. Brand strength. This index is an indicator of the strength of the material from which ceramic bricks are made. Usually this brand is represented by M100 or M150. The strength grade is of particular importance if load-bearing building structures are erected from ceramic bricks, especially in multi-storey construction, where a very large load occurs on the lower rows of bricks.

4. Average density. This marking indicator characterizes the class of the average density of the material, which is in the range from 1.0 to 2.0. The higher the density of the material, the greater its strength and weight. This characteristic is usually not needed in private construction and is not paid attention to.

5. Brand of frost resistance. This indicator represents the number of freeze-thaw cycles that a brick can withstand. Basically, this is the F50 brand - 50 cycles. If the frost resistance grade is low, then the masonry will quickly begin to collapse. Perhaps you have already seen this on the plinths of buildings over 30 years old, when the outer layer of plaster, along with some of the bricks, simply peels off and falls to the ground.

An example of marking ceramic bricks:

Brick KORPu 1NF/100/1.4/50/GOST 530-2007

(Brick of normal format (single), ordinary, solid, size 250x120x65 mm, strength grade M100, average density class 1.4, frost resistance grade F50, made in accordance with GOST 530-2007)

Note No. 1 "Types of bricks"

KO - brick of normal format (single);

KE - brick "Euro";

KU - thickened brick;

KM - modular single brick;

KUG - thickened brick with horizontal voids.

Note No. 2 "Brick dimensions"(Length, width, thickness, mm)

0.7 NF - 250 x 85 x 65 mm

1 NF - 250 x 120 x 65 mm

1.3 NF - 280 x 130 x 80 mm

1.4 NF - 250 x 120 x 88 mm

1.4 H - 250 x 120 x 65 mm

In the article, we tried to disclose the issue of marking ceramic bricks as widely as possible and we hope that the information presented here turned out to be useful to someone.

Ceramic brick - a building material made of fired clay mass in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with dimensions of 265x120x65 (etc.), used as a structural and enclosing element (ordinary brick) or facing (front brick). According to GOST 530-2012, a product with a nominal thickness of 140 mm or more is called a stone.

Compound: clay

Preparation method: There are two methods for producing ceramic bricks: semi-dry pressing and the more popular plastic molding method. In the first method, raw clay is formed from clay with a moisture content of 4-16% by strong pressing and then fired. Advantages of the semi-dry pressing method: faster, easier mechanization. In the second, a clay mass with a moisture content of 23-35% is formed using a belt press, then dried and fired. Advantages of the plastic forming method: the ability to produce products of various sizes, shapes and voids, in some cases higher strength and frost resistance.

Structural variations: hollow and solid (stone is only hollow)

By area of ​​application: ordinary and front (stone with a tongue-and-groove and groove connection can only be ordinary), fireclay, clinker

Sizes and formats:

Strength grade: M100, M125, M150, M175, M200, M250, M300; clinker brick - M300, M400, M500, M600, M800, M1000; stones - M25, M35, M50, M75, M100, M125, M150, M175, M200, M250, M300; brick and stone with horizontal voids - M25, M35, M50, M75, M100.

Frost resistance grade: F25, F35, F50, F75, F100, F200, F300

Thermal conductivity: 0.27 - 0.7 (ordinary brick / front hollow / solid brick); 0.16 - 0.25 (stone)

Wed density (classes): 0,7; 0,8; 1,0; 1,2; 1,4; 2,0; 2,4

Density: 700 – 2400 kg/cm3

Moisture absorption: 8-12%

The weight: 2 - 4 kg (solid brick / hollow front / ordinary 1NF)

Price: 9 - 15 rub. (brick solid / hollow face / ordinary 1NF)

Advantages: environmental friendliness, high strength, high frost resistance, high heat capacity, high resistance to aggressive environments, versatility, not deformable, unlike silicate, it has low moisture absorption, low thermal conductivity and higher fire resistance

Disadvantages: possible presence of efflorescence, more expensive unlike silicate

Where to use: Ordinary brick is used for the construction of load-bearing and self-supporting walls and partitions, plinths and other structures. Facial - for facing the facades of buildings. Fireclay for the construction of furnaces and chimneys. Clinker for paving paths and sidewalks.

Where not to use: Semi-dry pressing brick cannot be used for laying plinths, foundations and external walls of wet rooms.

Current GOST for 2014: GOST 530-2012.

An example of marking according to GOST: KR-r-by 250×120×65/1NF/150/1.4/50/GOST 530-2012.
Decryption: Ordinary solid brick with dimensions 250x120x65, format 1NF, strength grade M150, average density 1.4 (1210−1400 kg / cm3), frost resistance class F50. Marking according to GOST 530-2012

GOSTs and SNiPs:

Tests of thermal conductivity of bricks and stones in masonry
GOST 530-95 | GOST 26254-84 | GOST 530-2007

Bond strength tests in masonry
SNiP P-7-81 p.3.39 | GOST 24992-81

Air permeability tests for building envelopes
SP 23-101-2004

Airborne Sound Insulation Test
GOST 27296-87 | SNiP 23-03-2003

Sanitary and epidemiological conclusions
GOST 30108-94

Example. Producer of ceramic bricks "Etalon" group of companies in St. Petersburg

Brick ceramic corpulent ordinary		Brick ceramic hollow ordinary
	250x120x65 mm		250x120x65 mm
Density:	1410 - 2000 kg/m3	Density:	1210 - 1400 kg/m3
	4 kg		2.6 kg
Strength grade:	M200	Strength grade:	M200
Frost resistance:	F100	Frost resistance:	F100
Thermal conductivity:	0.52 W/m°C	Thermal conductivity:	0.42 W/m°C
Water absorption:	9%	Water absorption:	9%
Void:	-	Void:	35%
	Red		Red
Price (2014):	14 rubles / piece	Price (2014):	9 rubles / piece

Real data from the leading manufacturers of ceramic bricks in Russia for 2014

The table shows the average values ​​of the parameters taken from the websites of 10 leading Russian factories producing ceramic bricks based on the results of 2013. The calculation did not take into account the lowest/highest parameters that can be artificially overestimated.

Initial data for compiling the table (www.site):
factories_solid_ceramic_brick.xls , factories_hollow_ceramic_brick.xls

TOP-10 companies (2013) selected according to INFOline-Analytics research:
"Research: The Market for Ceramic and Sand-Sand Bricks in Russia".

TOP 10

1. Wienerberger | http://www.wienerberger.ru
2. LSR victory | http://lsrstena.ru/
3. StroyKeramikaService | http://www.td-scs.ru/
4. Slavic brick | http://www.slavkirp.ru/
5. Don brick | http://psk-dkz.ru/
6. United brick factories | http://www.zavod-okm.ru/
7. Revdinsky KZ | http://www.revkz.ru/
8. Verkhnevolzhsky KZ
9. StroyPolymerCeramics | http://www.v-kirpich.ru/
10. Samara KKM

Ceramic brick for a country house

Ceramic brick is a universal building material for the construction of load-bearing and self-supporting walls, plinths, fences, partitions and other structures. It is more versatile in use, unlike silicate brick, but, like any other material, it has its advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages

• Environmental friendliness. Produced from environmentally friendly raw materials - clay.
• High strength and frost resistance.
• Versatility. Private for laying load-bearing and self-supporting walls and other structures. Facing for facing buildings. Fireclay for stoves and chimneys. Clinker for paving paths.
• Not deformable (practically no shrinkage).
• Resistant to aggressive environments. Solid ordinary brick can be used for the construction of plinths and foundations.
• Large variety of formats with different technical characteristics.
• Ceramic stones have low thermal conductivity (highly efficient), which makes it possible to build walls without the use of insulation.
• Unlike silicate brick, it has lower moisture absorption and high fire resistance.

disadvantages

• The possibility of efflorescence (salt discharge on the surface of the front brick).
• More expensive than silicate. This is due to higher energy and labor costs during its creation and higher cost of raw materials.

Conclusion

Ceramic products are one of the most popular building materials for suburban construction due to their versatility and good performance. Parized blocks (warm ceramics) have become especially in demand in modern suburban construction, which, unlike standard bricks, have a lower thermal conductivity, while at the same time being strong enough for low-rise housing construction. © www.site

The name of red brick is determined by the technological features of its manufacture. Dry clay mass is pre-cleaned and crushed, additives are added to it. Bricks are formed from the resulting plastic mass, the dimensions of which meet the standards. Then the products are dried and fired.

The result is a material whose high performance and economy are beyond doubt, but subject to the correct choice of type and accurate calculation of the quantity. To do this easily, quickly and profitably, you need to have information about the size of each type of red brick.

Traditional marking system

Like any other, the red brick has the shape of a parallelepiped, the length (large edges) of which is slightly more than 2 times the width. However, gradually, taking into account building traditions, national systems of sizes and markings were formed.

The standard sizes of red bricks correspond to the system adopted in 1927 with the aim of unifying building procedures and convenience in calculating the amount of material.

Back to index

Single Size Normal Format

The optimal parameters of ordinary solid bricks for creating longitudinal-transverse masonry are the following: 250x120x65 with a weight of approximately 3.5 kg.

Material of this size is convenient for holding in the hand of a bricklayer.

• "Euro" (KE) - 250x85x65 (0.7 NF);
• thickened (KU) - 250x120x88 (1.4 NF);
• modular single (KM) - 288x138x65 (1.3 NF);
• thickened with horizontal voids (KUG) - 250x120x88 (1.4 NF).

In accordance with the requirements of GOST, each of the faces of a single brick must also have standardized parameters (in millimeters):

1. The working part, which is located parallel to the base of the masonry, bed (250x120);
2. A face, large in size, which is placed perpendicular to the bed, spoons (250x65);
3. The edge, smaller in size, is placed perpendicular to the bed, poke (120x65).

This ratio, as practice shows, is acceptable when alternating the longitudinal and transverse arrangement of the bars, while bricks from different manufacturers can be used to build one object.

The dimensions of solid red bricks are the main ones for the manufacture of hollow bricks. Unlike solid ones, hollow ones have improved heat-insulating and frost-resistant properties. Such material is convenient for the construction of walls or partitions, therefore it has a less durable structure.

Back to index

Derivatives from normal format

One and a half bricks began to be made in the USSR in the 30s in order to speed up the laying. If there are 512 pieces in a cubic meter of an ordinary brick, then for a one and a half brick this indicator is more profitable - only 378 pieces. The cost of such material is not much higher, and the differences relate only to the thickness of the stone.

One and a half and double bars, as a rule, are hollow, which allows to reduce the mass of the walls. For the convenience of masonry, their surface is uneven, it has special tongue-and-groove elements.

The dimensions of one and a half or thickened material are 1.4 NF (250x120x88), double - 2.1 NF (250x120x138). Single, one and a half and double formats have the same height indicators, which is important to consider when calculating the material required for construction.

Specialists-masons in the process of laying the corners of the walls in order to bandage them prepare and use incomplete material (in millimeters):

• 3/4 NF (called a three-four) - 180x120x65;
• 1/2 NF (half) - 120x120x65;
• 1/4 NF (quarter) - 60/65x120x65.

Increasingly, at construction sites, not standard bricks are used, but large-format blocks and stones, called "warm ceramics".

These processes are connected with the improvement of production. If earlier production conditions were not designed for firing large volumes of clay, now equipment is used that allows the production of huge blocks, strong and at the same time light in weight. It is not allowed to use in construction material that has cracks along the height of the entire ceramic block.

Savings in comparison with ordinary bricks are achieved by reducing the volume of work of masons (payment for their labor), the consumption of plaster and insulation material.

There are a large number of stone and block formats, the nominal dimensions of which are specified in GOST 530-2007. For example, the largest large-format stone with a coefficient of 14.3 NF has the following parameters: 510x250x219.

The state standard allows the possibility of manufacturing red bricks with dimensions that differ from the nominal ones. Permissible deviations in the manufacture of such material are the same as in the determination of the defect.

It is worth considering the fact that compliance with standard dimensions is an indicator of the quality of the building material. In accordance with GOST, deviation standards have been adopted, the excess of which allows qualifying bricks as a marriage. We indicate the numbers in millimeters, placing in brackets the norms for facing products:

• length - ±5 (±4);
• width - ±4 (±3);
• thickness - ±3 (from -2 to +3).

All product options. Brick facing, hollow.

Format 1.4 NF (one and a half), 250x120x88 mm.
Weight 3.1 kg/pc. Quantity per pallet: 352 pcs. Vehicle loading rate 20 t: 6.336 pcs.
Quantity per 1 m2: approx. 38-40 pcs.
The calculation of the number of bricks in 1 m2 is given taking into account the width of the seam of 10-12 mm!

Properties. Strength grade: M 150-175. Frost resistance: F 100. Water absorption: 8-9%.
Colour: red, brown, red flush (Bavarian masonry).
Surface type: smooth, grooved.
General information. Producer plant BRAER (BRAER), Russia. Products are certified. GOST 530-2012.

Buy facing brick format 1.4 NF from the manufacturer

Facing brick BRAER belongs to the group of the most frequently purchased facing materials in the central region.

Our company, as the official distributor of the manufacturing plant, actively participates in the promotion of the entire range of hollow face bricks of 1.4 NF format (and other sizes) to the construction market. The indicated format covers the whole variety of colors and types of facing brick surfaces: Bavarian masonry, burgundy, red and brown, smooth and corrugated.

In accordance with GOST 530-2012 " BRICK AND STONE CERAMIC. General specifications» face brick is a product that provides the performance characteristics of masonry and performs the functions of a decorative material.

The front brick BRAER 1.4 NF has dimensions of 250 x 120 x 88 mm, approximate weight is 3 kg. The thickness of the outer walls of the hollow brick must be at least 12 mm, according to the parameters provided for in the technology.

For production, the BRAER plant uses clay from its own quarry (Obidimo settlement, Tula region). The raw material meets all requirements. At the same time, each batch of raw materials is analyzed by the certification factory laboratory. Only after comprehensive studies, clay is allowed into the technological process.

Front brick 1.4 NF is widely used in low-rise (up to 3 floors) and mid-rise (up to 6 floors) housing construction of buildings for various purposes, as well as for decoration. The company's website presents projects of houses made of bricks 1.4 NF. Characteristics are also indicated in the product catalog.

We provide a range of services for the development of an individual project, the delivery of materials from a warehouse to an object. If necessary, by prior agreement, it is possible to temporarily store the order in our warehouse.

The plant is equipped with an automated production line. The clay material is fired in the longest kiln in Russia (204 m). At each stage of the technological process, strict production control is provided, which eliminates the difference in tone in the batch and marriage.

Characteristics and features of brick 1.4 NF

Hollow brick is environmentally friendly. The products of the BRAER plant are certified for compliance with the interstate standard GOST 530-2012 and have supporting documents.

Our website presents the entire range of slotted bricks of various sizes, including the 1.4 NF format. By phone or e-mail, specified in the Contacts section, you can order one and a half bricks. The price is given in the company's product catalog, but it may vary depending on the discounts in force at the time of ordering.

BRAER brick has a slit structure. It provides a light weight of the material and, therefore, less pressure on the foundation. Brick cladding is resistant to mechanical damage, does not require additional care and retains its color even under the influence of UV rays.

Automated equipment and the use of modern technologies provide excellent technical and operational characteristics of a hollow brick and a half, namely:

• good soundproofing properties;
• low moisture absorption;
• frost resistance (over 100 cycles);
• low thermal conductivity;
• durability.

Types of laying one and a half bricks

Today, several main types of BRAER facing brick masonry are known:

1. Direct (using various options for ligation of bricks with a uniform distribution of seams, a pattern is created on the facade);
2. Decorative, the main difference of which is that the pattern on the facade is created not only by seams, but also by using bricks of various shades. It also involves the use of bricks of any type of surface and format, including brick 1.4 NF (one and a half).