Ceiling in aerated concrete house. Installation of wooden floors in an aerated concrete house Laying wooden floors on aerated concrete blocks

Houses of aerated concrete blocks are built with a height of no more than three floors. Ceilings in houses made of aerated concrete are made taking into account the material of the walls, as well as gas blocks are selected with such characteristics that they can withstand the ceilings.

Types of floors for aerated concrete

• monolithic;
• reinforced concrete slabs;
• aerated concrete slabs;
• wooden or metal beams.

Slab floors

Floor slabs can be reinforced concrete or aerated concrete. Aerated concrete ceiling is lighter than reinforced concrete, aerated concrete slabs are assembled into a monolithic sheet thanks to the tongue-and-groove system. If plates without grooves and ridges are used, then reinforcement is laid in the gap between the plates and a sand-cement mortar is poured. Aerated concrete floor slabs are reinforced with mesh, they can withstand a load of 600 kg per 1 square meter, which is quite enough for an individual residential building.

Scheme of the device for flooring from aerated concrete slabs

Aerated concrete floor slabs can be of different sizes. The slab should be 20 centimeters longer than the span in order to go 10 centimeters onto the wall on each side.

Reinforced concrete slabs are similar to aerated concrete, but they are much heavier, so when using them, it is necessary to accurately calculate the load.

The advantages of slab floors include:

• fast installation;
• good noise and heat insulation;
• high bearing capacity;
• affordable cost.

Monolithic floors

For a monolithic ceiling, a reinforcing cage is made, which is poured with concrete. The thickness of the monolithic ceiling can reach 300 mm. A monolithic floor can be of any shape - this is the main difference from a slab floor, which can only be rectangular. A monolithic floor has a high bearing capacity - up to 800 kg per square meter, but it takes a long time and is expensive to make.

Monolithic floor device

Ceilings by beams

For this option, metal or wooden beams are used, on which plywood or board flooring is laid, and the space between the beams is filled with expanded clay, mineral wool, polystyrene foam or other heaters. This is a proven and inexpensive way to make an interfloor overlap.

An example of a wooden floor in a gas block house

Which floors are better for aerated concrete houses

Foreman's advice:
In houses from gas blocks, you can make any overlap, subject to an accurate calculation of the load on the walls. The easiest way is to make the floors wooden or from aerated concrete slabs, because the load from them on the walls is lower than from other materials, and besides, these options are the cheapest.

It is usually believed that internal partitions are not load-bearing, so they are made slightly lower than the load-bearing walls so that the ceilings do not rest on them. Aerated concrete partitions are usually made 2 centimeters below the ceilings so that the ceiling does not put pressure on them, because cracks may appear on the partitions from such a load.

Aerated concrete window and door lintels can be considered a type of ceiling - they are used with the design load according to the project. If the wall thickness exceeds 500 mm, prefabricated lintels can be used. The length of the jumper should be 100 mm more than the width of the opening in each direction.

Video: laying wooden floors in aerated concrete house

Many private developers prefer to use aerated concrete blocks for the construction of a country house. It should be noted that the considered materials have many advantages. First of all, it is the low cost of products and the ability to build a building in a short time. Other advantages of aerated concrete are considered to be small, small weight, safety for the environment and human health, as well as resistance to high temperatures, fungus, mold, good thermal insulation performance.

Along with a significant number of advantages, the blocks also have their drawbacks: low strength and the need for wall decoration due to high porosity, which ultimately leads to saturation of the material with moisture and its further destruction.

What is better to make a floor in aerated concrete house

As for the floor in aerated concrete buildings, there are some nuances here. Any floor covering can be used for the first floor, and the subfloor can be leveled with a good thickness of mortar and then a clean floor can be laid. If the house has several floors, then it is recommended to arrange the floor from wood, and then arrange a light floor on it, for example, a wooden one or lay a laminate on a leveled wooden base.

The floor installation process begins with the installation of the ceiling, and the wooden beams (base) must be laid on a reinforcing concrete belt, which allows you to distribute the forces from the higher walls. The main wooden bars are placed parallel to the smaller side of the building in increments of 60 to 120 centimeters (it depends on the length of the wall). After that, wooden boards with a section of 5 × 5 centimeters are nailed to the underside of the beams and wooden shields are laid. Installation of the ceiling, located below the floor, is carried out using plasterboard plates.

Further, a layer of insulation, for example, mineral wool, is laid in the gaps between the beams, so that the heat-insulating substance does not slightly reach the edge of the main supports. After that, wooden logs are nailed to the beams and they begin to mount a plank floor from well-dried products. It should be noted that this coating can be finished or used as a base for laying laminate, linoleum and other finishing materials.
Based on site materials

A structure made of aerated concrete has its own design features that require increased attention during its arrangement. When making a ceiling in a house from aerated concrete, it must be borne in mind that this material is quite light and mobile. Therefore, heavy beams in such a house are categorically not suitable, and the best option is a wooden floor. Such a frame will exert a minimum load on the load-bearing walls, which guarantees the subsequent stability of the blocks and the absence of cracks on the walls.

Advantages of wood flooring

In addition to light weight, it has a number of other positive characteristics:

Wood is a breathable material, which is very important for proper humidity and air circulation in the room, and even if only the ceilings are made from such raw materials, this will significantly improve the microclimate in the rooms.

Disadvantages of wood

Unfortunately, wood, in addition to its advantages, also has disadvantages that must also be taken into account when making a ceiling in a house from aerated concrete.

First of all, this material is fire hazardous, which dictates certain safety requirements in such a house.

The ceiling conducts sounds quite well, so during installation it is necessary to lay additional sound insulation.

Wood is very susceptible to excessive moisture and does not like temperature changes, under the influence of which it changes its characteristics. This point should also be taken into account during construction.

Wood is not a strong enough material, therefore, when making wooden floors of a house from aerated concrete, it is necessary to install a sufficient number of load-bearing elements.

Preparation for work on the manufacture of the frame of the ceiling

Before proceeding with the work, it is necessary to prepare both the material for the manufacture of the frame and the walls of the house. The fact is that aerated concrete is not a very strong material that does not tolerate compressive loads well, so it must be reinforced without fail.

This is especially important for interfloor frames, which include a wooden floor in an aerated concrete house with a basement. Such foundations bear not only the weight of the materials used in construction, but also the load from the furniture installed in the house and the people living in it. At the same time, the ceilings experience both vertical and horizontal loads, which subsequently have their effect on the aerated concrete walls.

Reinforcement of aerated concrete walls

Blocks of aerated concrete, simply planted on a mortar or special glue, do not always withstand the tensile load, which is why they reinforce the walls. Moreover, this event is best carried out not only immediately before installing a wooden floor in an aerated concrete house, but also in the process of building walls every 4 rows of installed blocks. In addition, such a procedure will prevent the interaction of wooden beams with the material of the blocks.

Beams will subsequently be attached to the reinforcing belt using special anti-corrosion plates. In order to perform reinforcement, strobes 12x12 mm in size are cut into the surface of the blocks, into which reinforcement is laid. In the case of application in walls, it is permissible to lay reinforcement in the seam gaps.

Wood processing

In addition to preparing the walls, it is necessary to compensate for all the shortcomings of wood raw materials. Before making a wooden floor in a house from aerated concrete, it is necessary to treat the material with special impregnations that prevent rotting, the appearance of fungus and mold, and also reduce moisture absorption. All these tools can be purchased at a building materials store or use the old methods of antiseptic treatment. For example, use bitumen or mastic as a waterproofing and antiseptic. It is also recommended to cover the material with means that prevent the ignition of wood.

Mounting Features

The specific characteristics of wood determine some design solutions in the manufacture of floors.

First of all, all load-bearing elements are reinforced with metal; for this, all joints in the ceilings are fixed together with stainless steel plates. If the area of ​​​​the room is large enough, it is necessary to add additional elements such as columns or crossbars.

The thickness of the beams is calculated depending on the planned load plus 15-20% in reserve.

Depending on the width of the span used and the load on the wooden floor in the aerated concrete house, the distance between the supporting beams is calculated. At the same time, the rule is observed: the larger the span, the more often it is necessary to install beams. This is necessary to prevent deflection of the beam under its own and accompanying weight.

Installation of load-bearing beams

The installation of load-bearing beams is perhaps the most important work, on which the reliability and durability of the entire floor structure will subsequently depend.

In order to install the beams, special niches are cut out in the blocks of their aerated concrete, into which the crossbars will be laid. The end of the beam is cut at an angle of 75 degrees, and the cut is treated with any available antiseptic. After that, the end of the crossbar is waterproofed with bitumen or mastic and it is wrapped with roofing material.

The beam is laid in the grooves on the walls, which also need to be thermally insulated with mineral wool or polystyrene foam, this will prevent the wood from getting wet. In this case, a gap of 3 cm is observed between the end of the crossbar and the walls of the niche.

After the final installation of the beams, the slots in the grooves are poured into place or with a special solution.

Very long crossbars, over 4.5 m, can destroy the lower part of the niche when bending down, so a 5 mm chamfer is made along the edge.

Arrangement of rolling and laying insulation

A wooden floor in a house made of aerated concrete (photo below) requires mandatory laying of hydro and thermal insulation. Initially, crossbars are made for attaching the skin. As a rule, bars of 50x50 mm in size are used, on top of which shields from boards are fixed.

At the bottom of the bars, the ceiling is sheathed, while drywall or chipboard is most often used. These materials also have a low weight, and the subsequent processing of such a coating is most preferable for finishing work.

On top of the boards, slabs of mineral wool or a more modern insulation - polystyrene foam are laid out, which performs a dual function - not only insulation, but also noise reduction.

Usually the thickness of the insulation is about 10 cm, but when performing a ceiling between the attic and the floor, as well as in the case of an unheated basement, the insulation height must be increased to 20 cm. If mineral wool is used, a vapor barrier is additionally performed to prevent moisture material and prevent condensation. In the case of using expanded polystyrene, this step can be skipped - such material itself is an excellent waterproofing agent.

Logs are laid out on top of the insulation with an interval of 50-70 cm, and a floorboard is mounted on them. At the same time, the gap between the insulation and the boards should not be filled with anything, it is needed for high-quality circulation, which will prevent the appearance of fungus and mold on the final surface.

When constructing a draft floor in a house, we need to proceed from several foundation parameters.

It is depending on the type of foundation that we install the floor.

Laying the floor myself

This may seem like a difficult moment only at first glance, but in reality, we have only three options for the base for a foam block structure:

• On piles.
• Tape.
• Monolithic slab.

Moreover, for all their cardinal differences, in our case they just slightly change the order of work and how to make the floors in the house from foam blocks, at the time of installation of the crate. However, let's talk about everything in order.

Choice of base and materials

We will decide on the choice of base, which we will take as an example, and since it is under the foam block version of the structure that the tape and monolithic basis is most often used, we will talk in turn about the crate, taking into account the design features of each foundation.

Important!
We note right away that in the device of the floor we will use wood, and the conversation will be strictly about the draft version.

The first step we will have is the choice of material for the draft, and since we agreed on wood, we will need:

• Bar. Beams 150x50. Be sure to dry, otherwise they will lead.
• Waterproofing material, you can use a simple polyethylene or roofing material.
• Vapor barrier film.
• Wood screws.

Depending on the type of base, a screed may be required, but we'll talk about that later. And now let's start with tape.

Tape basis

The foam block structure does not always require a powerful foundation, so the strip foundation is ideal for construction technology.

Let's take a step-by-step look at how to make a floor in a foam block house, taking into account the tape basis:

• We remove all the vegetation that we have between the concrete walls.
• We fall asleep a layer of sand or expanded clay and compact everything well. It will be like a pillow for us.
• We lay waterproofing on the pillow layer.
• We install beams.

Let's make a small digression here.

To attach beams to concrete walls, we need:

• Make markings, moreover, with a hydraulic level and accurately.
• Do-it-yourself waterproofing of the concrete surface can be done with mastic.
• Beam "planted on" the anchor, in increments of 50-60 cm.

Now that we have attached the beams around the perimeter, we can begin the crate.

Advice!
Depending on the future floor covering, we deduce the level of the first floor covering, that is, if we still have insulation and laminate, we must reach the zero level, at which the door will open normally.

We keep the step at 60 centimeters, and fasten the beams with wood screws. Naturally, we put them on edge.

Advice!
All wood, even though it is dry and we have waterproofing, must be treated several times with an antiseptic to prevent future mold and mildew, rotting.

You can cover the bars with either a floorboard or plywood. The main thing is that we get a fairly even surface on which we put a vapor barrier film and then, of our choice, a coating. That is, the instruction further refers to another work.

Advice!
If the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe rooms is large, it will be necessary to arrange additional supports for the timber.
This can be done using a brick or the remains of a foam block.
It will just be necessary to make one more markup, even at the very beginning of work, dig holes for the supports, and pour concrete into them.
After a few days, already with a brick or blocks, bring the support to the desired height, waterproof it and put a beam on the surface.
Thus, deflection can be avoided.

Monolith

With a monolithic foundation, building a floor in a foam block house is a much simpler process. Here we need to bring the draft to the desired level, and make it even.

By the way, if the monolith itself is already even, then for many specialists, this is the floor. Indeed, it is enough for us to cover it with waterproofing, and we can already arrange a coating, for example, lay tiles, and even laminate.

We will consider the option in which the monolith is even, and we proceed immediately to the crate:

• We make the markings on which we will install the beams, we observe the step between them at 60 cm.
• We prepare the surface. We do waterproofing. In our case, we can smear concrete with mastic in several layers, or cover it with dense polyethylene or roofing felt. Do it for sure!
• We process the bars with an antiseptic.
• Installing beams.

When installing beams, we can use two simple methods:

• We lay a tree on concrete, that is, we use the principle of a "beacon". The beam must be anchored and the concrete fully bonds it to the monolith.
• We lay the beams and fasten them with metal corners. One part of the corner is attached to the wood, the second to the floor with bolts.

Not to say that this greatly changes the price, however, in terms of speed, the second option is, of course, more preferable.

There is another interesting option for a screed device in the case of a strip foundation, when instead of a pillow of sand and expanded clay, we use a foam block floor. The material has excellent thermal insulation performance, so that the draft version of it is warm and durable.

Conclusion

The choice of wood in our case is determined by its characteristics and natural origin. The foam block itself is an environmentally friendly material, so we will continue to follow the chosen course in other works. And in the presented video in this article you will find additional information on this topic.

In the process of building walls made of aerated concrete or foam concrete, there comes a moment when you need to take care of arrangement of interfloor ceilings, which can be from a concrete slab or from wooden beams.

Unlike houses built of brick, when installing interfloor ceilings on walls made of gas or foam concrete blocks, it is necessary to additionally provide for distributing and reinforcing belts.

In this article, we will consider the installation of wooden and reinforced concrete interfloor ceilings, when building a house from wall blocks.

The device of interfloor ceilings from a monolithic slab

Many private developers, when building a house from aerated concrete or other similar blocks, use reinforced concrete slabs as interfloor floors.

These are very reliable and durable foundations, but at the same time they have a lot of weight, which must be taken into account when building walls from building blocks.

In order for the weight of the slab to be distributed evenly and not to violate the integrity of the walls, when laying slabs, an additional structure must be made in the form of a distribution concrete or brick belt.

Installation options for a monolithic reinforced concrete slab are shown in the figure.
In the first variant, the slab rests on a concrete strip measuring 150x250 mm, located around the entire perimeter of the wall. The tape is reinforced with bars with a diameter of 10 mm and poured with concrete grade M200.

It is also necessary to leave a temperature gap of 1-2 cm between the wall and the end of the reinforced concrete slab.

To remove cold bridges, the plate and the reinforcing belt are additionally insulated using extruded polystyrene foam plates, 50 mm thick.

Second option is a masonry of red burnt bricks, laid in 3 rows. This is the most popular version of the distribution belt device. In this case, there is no need to build a formwork and make a reinforcing cage from rods.

But, before laying the bricks, they reinforce the wall blocks with reinforcement. To do this, grooves are cut, reinforcing bars are laid in them and filled with cement mortar.

Brickwork is also reinforced with a masonry mesh laid between the rows.

A monolithic reinforced concrete slab should go 13-14 cm deep into the wall. This is quite enough for the stability and rigidity of the structure.

Wooden floors

Wooden construction is the most preferred option when building houses from lightweight wall blocks. Wooden interfloor ceilings are much lighter than concrete ones, which means they exert less pressure on the wall, and therefore the design will be simpler.

In addition, the price of wooden logs, taking into account delivery and work, is much less than the cost of reinforced concrete slabs. There is no need to hire an expensive crane and everything can be done without the use of machinery.

In one of the articles (link) we already talked about the device for overlapping wooden beams. In it, we gave the calculation of floor beams and the installation of the floor on wooden logs. Perhaps this information will be useful to you. But back to our topic.

As we already wrote, the installation of wooden floors is simpler. It is enough to make a belt of reinforcement, as is the case with concrete slabs, on which beams can be laid.

Wooden logs, before installation, must be coated with antifungal compounds, and the ends that will lie on the wall should be wrapped in roofing felt or other similar material.

You also need to make a wash down of the end part of the beam at an angle of 60 0 and lay the insulation

Between the end and the wall, it is necessary to leave a gap of 2 cm, for possible thermal expansion.

Wooden logs should be laid into the wall to a depth of 15 cm.

In conclusion, we offer you a video that will be useful in the further construction of a wooden floor.