Requirements for technological equipment. General requirements. Safety in the operation of technological equipment

Improper operation of the equipment can cause breakdowns and accidents. A breakdown is understood as a slight damage to machine parts that does not disrupt the production process on the site, in the workshop. An accident is understood as the failure of a machine or a number of machines, accompanied by a disruption in the production process or damage to critical mechanisms and individual parts. The situation of the accident or breakdown should not be disturbed until the arrival of the commission of inquiry.

General safety requirements for the design of process equipment

General safety requirements for the design of process equipment are established by GOST 12.2.003-91 “SSBT. Production equipment. General safety requirements”. The structural elements of the machines must not have sharp corners, edges, etc., which represent a source of danger during maintenance. The design shall exclude the possibility of accidental contact with hot or subcooled parts. All its elements, including inlet and outlet communications, must prevent the possibility of accidental damage that causes a hazard during maintenance. Compressed air, steam, water supply systems must comply with current requirements and standards.

The release of heat, moisture and dust into the production room should not exceed the limit levels (concentrations) established for work areas. For this purpose, built-in devices must be installed to remove explosive and flammable substances from the places of their formation. Ventilation and air conditioning, as well as aspiration of equipment, should be provided in industrial premises.

Units and parts of machines must be made of safe and harmless materials. As a rule, new materials undergo sanitary and hygienic and fire safety checks. Workplaces should be safe and convenient for performing machine maintenance work. All machine parts that require lubrication are provided with automatic lubricators or oilers with reservoirs of sufficient capacity to be filled during machine stops.

The design of the machines must provide for protection against electric shock, including cases of erroneous actions of the operating personnel. In addition, the possibility of accumulation of static electricity charges in hazardous quantities must be excluded. To this end, all machines, apparatus, sections of gravity pipes and other devices that generate a charge of static electricity are provided with a reliable grounding system. The design of the equipment should also provide for alarm systems, automatic shutdown and disconnection from energy sources in case of malfunctions, accidents and dangerous operating modes.

Moving parts of equipment that are a source of danger are protected. If the equipment is operated without a fence, then in this case, a warning signal is installed to start the machines and a means of stopping and disconnecting from the power source. In the presence of transporting machines of considerable length, stopping means are located at least every 10 m. Production equipment, the maintenance of which is associated with the movement of people, must have convenient and safe passages and devices for work (stairs, pedestals, work platforms).

The following basic requirements are imposed on the equipment controls:

  • in shape, surface dimensions, they must be safe and easy to use;
  • their location (accessibility) should not impede the performance of individual operations;
  • the effort to actuate the controls should not be too large (unbearable) or small (accidental touch causes the machines to start or stop);
  • the design should exclude spontaneous start-up or stop of the equipment;
  • controls of the same type of equipment should be unified.

Means of protection of hazardous areas of equipment. To prevent industrial injuries during equipment maintenance, it is necessary to install special devices that enclose hazardous areas. The latter represent a space where dangerous factors constantly or periodically act, creating the possibility of injury. For example, dangerous areas are belt, gear, chain and other gears; feeding and grinding areas of roller mills, etc.

To protect against the action of dangerous factors, the following basic means of protection are used: protective, safety and signaling devices, as well as remote control.

Protective devices. For safety reasons, it is mandatory to protect:

  • moving parts of machines (pulleys, belts, chains, gears, couplings, protruding shaft ends, etc.);
  • open current-carrying parts of electrical equipment;
  • zones of flying particles;
  • zones of high temperatures and pressures;
  • explosive zones;
  • hatches, openings;
  • high work areas.

By design, protective devices are divided into stationary, removable and portable (Fig. 10.1).

Stationary guards permanently close the danger zone, but can be removed for inspection, lubrication or repair of working parts. Such fences must be firmly attached to fixed parts of the equipment or to building structures at least at three points.

Rice. 10.1. Types of fences: a - stationary; b - mobile

Removable guards are installed in areas that require periodic access, such as tool change, workpiece setting, adjustment, etc. in batch machines. Removable guards must have a lock that excludes the possibility of operating machines without a guard.

Blocking devices are of various types: electro-mechanical, mechanical, electrical, photoelectric, etc. When the guards are removed or incorrectly installed, the power supply circuit of the machine's engine is disrupted.

Portable fences of hazardous areas are installed for a limited period, for example, to cover installation hatches, trenches and other openings.

The following basic requirements are imposed on the design of various types of hazardous area fencing:

  • removable, folding, sliding fences, as well as doors, covers, shields of these fences or machine bodies must have devices that prevent their accidental removal or opening (reliable fixation, blocking);
  • lattice (mesh) guards for belt drives should be located no closer than 50 mm from moving parts, the size of the gaps, the width of the slots in the gratings, the blinds should be no more than 10 mm, the mesh sizes in the grids should be no more than 20 x 20 mm;
  • fences must withstand accidental loads from the service personnel (concentrated) of at least 70 kg;
  • metal enclosing structures (solid) with an area of ​​​​more than 0.75 m 2 and a thickness of less than 3 mm are provided with vibration-absorbing coatings;
  • Hazardous area fences on the outside should be painted yellow, and on the inside - red.

Safety devices. They serve to prevent accidents and breakdowns of individual units of equipment, transport communications and the associated risk of injury. If the set parameters are violated, the safety devices operate automatically, turning off the corresponding equipment.

Signaling devices. They are intended for information of the service personnel about the operation of the equipment or violation of the established modes, in which dangerous situations may arise.

In production situations, a system of operational and warning alarms is used. According to the method of notification, the alarm system can be light, sound, sign and combined. The alarm notifies about reaching the limit level of temperature, pressure, the presence and absence of the product, water, air and other parameters. Warning alarms also include signs like: “Do not turn on - repair!”, “People are working!”, “Caution, poison!” etc.

Remote control. Helps to improve working conditions, reduce the impact on the human body of vibration, noise and other harmful and dangerous factors. The introduction of a highly mechanized and automated production process, controlled remotely from the console, makes it possible to reduce the time spent by service personnel directly in the production premises.

Technological, transport and other equipment, material ducts and air ducts must be located so that their installation, repair and maintenance ensure safety and convenience, as well as the ability to maintain the necessary sanitary condition of industrial premises.

Industry safety and sanitation regulations provide for certain passages and gaps, which are the minimum distances between objects of which one or both pose a potential injury hazard if the distance between them is reduced.

When placing stationary equipment in the production premises of enterprises, it is necessary to provide for transverse and longitudinal passages directly connected with exits to staircases or adjacent premises, gaps between groups of machines with a width of at least 1 m, and between individual machines - at least 0.8 m (except separately specified cases).

Equipment that does not have any moving parts at all or on any one side and does not require maintenance from this side (gravity pipeline, material pipeline, air duct, etc.) can be installed at a distance of at least 0.25 m from the wall.

When installing equipment, carefully align its position vertically and horizontally and fix it on bases, foundations and flow ceilings.

Persons who know the principle of operation, device, rules of operation and maintenance of the equipment, who have passed the appropriate briefing and medical examination, are allowed to service the equipment.

The equipment must be in good working order, and the parameters of its operation must comply with the technical data sheets. Rotating machine components (shafts, rotors, etc.) must be balanced both as an assembly and as separate parts. Unusual noise, knocking, vibration and jamming of working bodies, as well as overloading of machines should not be allowed.

It is prohibited to start and operate machines with faulty or removed guards, blocking, safety and signaling devices. During operation of the machine, it is also forbidden to remove and put on drive belts, adjust the tension of traction and working bodies (blades of whips, augers, brushes, rollers, etc.), carry out minor repairs, lubrication, tightening of bolts, etc. These works may only be performed after a complete stop of the equipment.

The mechanical equipment of public catering enterprises consists of the following main parts: electric drive, actuator, control apparatus. In working condition, all parts of the machine can be dangerous for the operating personnel. The most dangerous areas of the equipment are moving parts available for human contact and electrical equipment.

All equipment installed at the enterprise is under the control of the director, who, by special order, is obliged to assign it to certain employees. The equipment may only be operated by persons who have been instructed in safety at the workplace.

Briefing at the workplace is carried out in the prescribed manner, while the employee must familiarize himself with the Instruction on labor protection and safety when working on this equipment, which contains the following sections:

  • 1 "General safety requirements"
  • 2 "Safety requirements before starting work"
  • 3 "Safety requirements during work"
  • 4 "Safety requirements in emergency situations"

5 "Safety requirements at the end of work."

When developing the Instructions for labor protection and safety, the following general provisions are taken into account:

Before turning on the machine, it is necessary to check the presence of fences, the state of grounding, the absence of foreign objects in the working chamber, the correct installation of the working bodies;

During operation, you must not leave the machine unattended, put your hands in the working chamber, replace replaceable parts, use it to perform operations that are not provided for in the operating instructions;

  • - after work, the machine is disconnected from the network and after a complete stop of the engine, sanitization is carried out;
  • - during non-working hours, the machine must be in a position that excludes the possibility of its start-up by unauthorized persons;

In the event of a spontaneous stop of the machine or a breakdown, disconnect the machine from the mains, post a poster “Do not turn it on!” and call a repairman;

If the body of the machine is energized (when you touch it with your hand, you feel the effect of an electric current - “shocks”), disconnect the machine from the mains, post a poster “Do not turn it on!” and call an electrician.

Posters on the rules of operation and safety are posted at the workplaces next to the machines. The operating rules for this type of equipment are drawn up on the basis of the Instruction and include (point by point) safety requirements before starting work, during work and after work.

The cleaned and washed bowl is rolled up to the machine under the kneading blade, which is in the upper position. The bowl is fixed in a strictly defined position in relation to the machine by three cylindrical pins attached to the machine frame, on which the trolley frame runs into three cylindrical recesses. At the same time, the square protrusion on the trunnion of the bowl enters the hole in the disk of the second worm gear and is fixed in this position. The products to be mixed are manually fed into the machine prepared in this way, while strictly observing the filling rate of the products. The load factor should not exceed 0.8 for liquid dough and 0.5 for hard dough. Then, by turning the lever, safety shields are lowered onto the bowl and the electric motor is turned on. After the end of kneading the dough, turn off the electric motor. In this case, the kneading blade should be in the upper position - outside the bowl.

If, when the machine stops, the blade is inside the bowl, it is removed from it by turning the flywheel of the electric motor. Then, by turning the lever, the safety shields are raised and the dough is removed from the kneading lever, after which the pedal is pressed and the bowl is rolled out. In the process of work, it is necessary to follow the safety rules: during the kneading of the dough, do not bend over the bowl, take a test sample, and also roll back the bowl when the electric motor is on. Long and reliable operation of the machine depends on the timely and proper lubrication of the rubbing elements. To do this, lubricate the bearings of the crank, the kneading lever and the fork shank with grease weekly. The wheels and swivels of the cart are lubricated daily with engine oil. Motor bearings and worm gears are lubricated in accordance with the PPR schedule.

During the operation of the machine, malfunctions are possible, which can be eliminated by the service personnel. So, if when you press the handle for lifting the guard, the latter does not rise, then it is very likely that the fastening of the frame of the guard on the axle has loosened. In this case, it is necessary to clean the surface of the eccentric from dirt, grease it with grease and tighten the clamps with nuts. If the machine stops when the motor is turned on, the overload must be eliminated. To do this, manually turn the flywheel, press the "Return" button of the magnetic starter, and then turn on the electric motor using the push-button starter.

After finishing work, the bowl and the kneading lever with the blade are thoroughly washed with hot water and wiped dry. The flour dust that has settled on the machine is swept away with a brush and the machine is wiped with a damp cloth.

7 ..

2.2. Basic rules for safety and operation of equipment for bakery and pasta production

The rules for the technical operation of technological equipment provide for ensuring normal external conditions for its operation (compliance with the premises, temperature, humidity, air purity, etc.), the proper condition of the workplace (maintenance of approaches to equipment, storage of semi-finished products, inventory in the premises established for them), maintenance of equipment cleanliness, timely and correct lubrication according to the modes established for this machine, compliance with the permissible modes of operation of mechanisms (power loads, high-speed loads, etc.), compliance with the rules for operating the machine, the rules for overhaul maintenance provided for by the PPR system (scheduled preventive maintenance).

Supervision of the technical condition of the equipment at the plant is carried out by the department of the chief mechanic, which not only controls

operating conditions, but also prepares technical recommendations for improving the condition of the equipment, and, together with shop mechanics and production foremen, periodically conducts a comprehensive check of the condition of the entire fleet of shop equipment.

The worker must know the structure and interaction of the main mechanisms of machines, be able to regulate them, carry out minor repairs, carefully clean the machine and the workplace. The state of the equipment entrusted to him and the preservation of its performance depend on the knowledge and implementation of the rules for operating the equipment by the operator, driver, any production worker operating the machine. The rules of operation must be well known to the repairmen, as well as mechanics, who must convey this information to the performers and ensure that these rules are observed by production personnel.

Maintaining your equipment is essential to keep it in good working order. With careful care, you can increase its service life until the next repair. Before starting work, the worker is obliged to inspect the machine, check whether it is clean by the worker handing over the shift, turn it on and check it in working condition, and inspect the lubrication points for its presence. If any damage or malfunctions are found, the worker, without starting work, is obliged to report them to the foreman.

In the process of work, it is necessary to ensure that the working bodies of the machine are in good order. Damage caused by improper operation is the responsibility of both the worker and the foreman. Do not leave a running machine unattended.

During the shift, the worker must lubricate all the places provided for in the lubrication chart for this machine with the oil specified in the instructions. With centralized lubrication, it is necessary to ensure that the oil reservoir is filled with grease at all times; when using grease fittings that supply grease by turning the cap on, fill the grease fittings in a timely manner and screw the cap on several times per shift. When filling grease fittings with grease, grease guns must be used.

During operation of the machine, the temperature of the bearings must be monitored. When extraneous noise appears in the working mechanism, the worker must stop the machine and make the necessary adjustments. In case of minor breakdowns that do not cause downtime, the broken part should be immediately replaced with a spare part; in case of breakdowns that cause a downtime of the machine, the worker is obliged to immediately notify the shift foreman about this.

For a breakdown or accident of equipment due to its improper operation and improper elimination of any breakdowns and accidents,

personal responsibility of employees directly servicing the equipment; for each breakdown or accident that occurred due to untimely repairs and poor-quality acceptance of equipment after repairs - employees who repair equipment; for breakdowns and accidents during the operation of equipment that occurred due to the fault of the chief engineer, chief mechanic (energy), heads of workshops, mechanics and their subordinate personnel, as well as as a result of unsatisfactory operation, repair and failure to comply with emergency response measures - chief engineer, chief mechanic ( power engineer), heads of shops and mechanics (energy) shops.

The main condition for using the equipment for its intended purpose is to guarantee its safe impact on the operating personnel and the environment. Safety requirements and standards are determined by the system of state labor safety standards SSBT. In addition, there are industry regulations on labor safety, fire safety and industrial sanitation.

Occupational safety requirements provide for such a technical condition of the equipment, which excludes the impact on operating personnel of hazardous and harmful production factors leading to injury or reduced performance. Persons who know the principle of its operation and device, the rules of operation and maintenance, who have passed the appropriate briefing and medical examination, are allowed to service the equipment.

Units and parts of machines must be made of safe and harmless materials. As a rule, new materials undergo sanitary and hygienic and fire safety checks. Workplaces should be safe and convenient for performing machine maintenance work.

If necessary, local lighting of individual production sites is provided. During visual control of the technological process, lamps are installed to illuminate the working areas, taking into account the category of explosion safety of the room. In this case, the possibility of accidental contact of illuminators with current-carrying parts should be excluded.

The design of machines must provide for the protection of operating personnel from electric shock, including erroneous actions. In addition, the possibility of accumulation of static electricity charges in hazardous quantities must be excluded. To this end, all machines, apparatus, sections of gravity pipes and other devices that generate a charge of static electricity are provided with a reliable grounding system. The design of the equipment should include

availability of alarm systems, automatic stop and power off in case of malfunctions, accidents and dangerous operating modes.

In order to prevent industrial injuries during equipment maintenance, it is necessary to install special devices for fencing hazardous areas.

Technological and transport equipment, material and air ducts should be located so that their installation, repair and maintenance ensure safety and convenience, as well as the ability to maintain the necessary sanitary condition of industrial premises.

When installing equipment, create certain passages and gaps, provided for by industry safety and industrial hygiene regulations. Permissible passages and gaps are the minimum distances between objects of which one or both pose a potential injury hazard if the distance between them is reduced.

When placing stationary equipment in the production premises of bakeries and pasta factories, it is necessary to provide for transverse and longitudinal passages directly connected with exits to staircases or adjacent premises, gaps between groups of machines with a width of at least 1 m, and between individual machines - a width of at least 0, 8 m (except for separately stipulated cases).

Group installation of machines that require the approach of service personnel from all sides is not allowed.

A gravity pipeline (material pipeline, air duct) must be installed at a distance of at least 0.25 m from the wall.

When installing equipment, carefully check its position vertically and horizontally and fix it on bases, foundations and ceilings.

3.2.1. Production equipment must ensure the safety of workers during installation (dismantling), commissioning and operation, both in the case of autonomous use and as part of technological complexes, subject to the requirements (conditions, rules) provided for by the operational documentation.

3.2.2. Each technological complex and autonomously used production equipment must be completed with operational documentation containing requirements (rules) that prevent the occurrence of dangerous situations during installation (dismantling), commissioning and operation.

3.2.3. Production equipment must meet safety requirements during the entire period of operation, provided that the consumer fulfills the requirements established in the operational documentation.

3.2.4. Materials of construction of production equipment should not have a dangerous and harmful effect on the human body in all specified modes of operation and envisaged operating conditions, as well as create fire and explosion hazard situations.

3.2.5. The design of production equipment must exclude, in all intended modes of operation, loads on parts and assembly units that can cause damage that poses a danger to workers.

If it is possible that loads can occur that lead to damage to individual parts or assembly units that are dangerous for operating, then the production equipment must be equipped with devices that prevent the occurrence of breaking loads, and such parts and assembly units must be fenced or located so that their collapsing parts do not create traumatic situations.

3.2.6. The design of production equipment and its individual parts must exclude the possibility of their falling, overturning and spontaneous displacement under all envisaged conditions of operation and installation (dismantling). If due to the shape of the production equipment, the distribution of masses of its individual parts and (or) the conditions of installation (dismantling) the necessary stability cannot be achieved, then means and methods of fixing must be provided, for which the operational documentation must contain appropriate requirements.

3.2.7. The design of production equipment should exclude the fall or ejection of objects that pose a danger to workers, as well as the release of lubricants, coolants and other working fluids.

3.2.8. Moving parts of production equipment, which are a possible source of injury, must be fenced or located so that the possibility of touching them by the worker is excluded.

If the functional purpose of moving parts that are dangerous does not allow the use of guards or other means that exclude the possibility of workers touching the moving parts, then the design of production equipment should provide for an alarm warning about the start of the equipment, as well as the use of signal colors and safety signs.

In the immediate vicinity of moving parts that are out of the operator's field of vision, emergency stop (braking) controls should be installed if workers can be in the danger zone created by moving parts.

3.2.9. The design of clamping, gripping, lifting and loading devices or their drives must exclude the possibility of a hazard in the event of a complete or partial spontaneous interruption of the power supply, and also exclude a spontaneous change in the state of these devices when the power supply is restored.

3.2.10. Elements of the construction of production equipment should not have sharp corners, edges, burrs and uneven surfaces that pose a risk of injury to workers, if their presence is not determined by the functional purpose of these elements. In the latter case, measures should be taken to protect workers.

3.2.11. Parts of production equipment (including pipelines of hydraulic, steam, pneumatic systems, safety valves, cables, etc.), the mechanical damage of which may cause a hazard, must be protected by guards or located so as to prevent their accidental damage by workers or technical equipment. service.

3.2.12. The design of production equipment should exclude spontaneous loosening or separation of fastenings of assembly units and parts, as well as exclude the movement of moving parts beyond the limits provided for by the design, if this could lead to the creation of a dangerous situation.

3.2.13. Production equipment must be fire and explosion proof under the intended operating conditions.

3.2.14. The design of production equipment powered by electrical energy must include devices (means) to ensure electrical safety.

Production equipment must be designed in such a way as to exclude the accumulation of static electricity charges in an amount that is dangerous to the worker, and to exclude the possibility of fire and explosion.

3.2.15. Production equipment operating with non-electrical energy must be designed in such a way that all dangers caused by these types of energy are excluded.

3.2.16. The design of production equipment and (or) its location must exclude the contact of its combustible parts with fire and explosion hazardous substances, if such contact can cause a fire or explosion, and also exclude the possibility of contact of the worker with hot or supercooled parts or being in close proximity to such parts, if this can lead to injury, overheating or hypothermia of the worker.

3.2.17. The design of production equipment must exclude the danger caused by splashing of hot materials and substances being processed and (or) used during operation.

3.2.18. The design of the workplace, its dimensions and the mutual arrangement of elements (controls, information display tools, auxiliary equipment, etc.) must ensure safety when using production equipment for its intended purpose, maintenance, repair and cleaning, and also meet ergonomic requirements.

If a cabin is included in the workplace to protect against the adverse effects of hazardous and harmful production factors, then its design must provide the necessary protective functions, including the creation of optimal microclimatic conditions, the convenience of working operations and an optimal view of production equipment and the surrounding space.

3.2.19. The control system must ensure its reliable and safe operation in all envisaged operating modes of production equipment and under all external influences stipulated by the operating conditions. The control system must exclude the creation of dangerous situations due to a violation by the worker (workers) of the sequence of control actions.

There should be inscriptions, diagrams and other means of information on the required sequence of control actions at the workplaces.

3.2.20. The control system of production equipment must include means of emergency braking and emergency stop (switching off), if their use can reduce or prevent the danger.

3.2.21. The control system must include means for automatically normalizing the operating mode or means for automatically stopping if a violation of the operating mode may cause a dangerous situation.

The control system should include alarms and other means of information that warn of malfunctions of production equipment, leading to dangerous situations.

3.2.22. The control system of the technological complex should exclude the occurrence of danger as a result of the joint operation of all units of production equipment included in the technological complex, as well as in the event of failure of any of its units.

3.2.23. The central control panel of the technological complex must be equipped with an alarm, mnemonic diagram or other means of displaying information about violations of the normal functioning of the technological complex, means of emergency shutdown (shutdown) of individual units of the complex.

3.2.24. The command devices of the control system (hereinafter referred to as the controls) must be:

3.2.24.1. Easily accessible and easily distinguishable, where necessary marked with inscriptions, symbols or other means;

3.2.24.2. They are designed and placed so that their involuntary movement is excluded and reliable, confident and unambiguous manipulation is ensured, including when using personal protective equipment;

3.2.24.3. Placed according to the effort required to move, the sequence and frequency of use, and the significance of the features;

3.2.24.4. They are made so that their shape, dimensions and contact surfaces with the worker correspond to the method of capture (fingers, hand) or pressing (finger, palm, foot).

3.2.25. Starting production equipment into operation, as well as restarting after a shutdown, regardless of its cause, should only be possible by manipulating the start control.

This requirement does not apply to the restart of production equipment operating in automatic mode, if restart after a shutdown is provided for in this mode.

If the control system has several controls that start the production equipment or its individual parts and a violation of the sequence of their use can lead to the creation of dangerous situations, then the control system must include devices that exclude the creation of such situations.

3.2.26. The emergency stop control, after switching on, must remain in the position corresponding to the stop until it is returned to its original position in operation. The emergency stop control must be red in color, different in shape and size from other controls.

3.2.27. If the control system has a switch for operating modes of production equipment, each position of the switch must correspond to only one mode and be securely fixed in each of the positions, if the lack of fixation can lead to a dangerous situation.

If certain operating modes require increased protection of workers, then the switch in such positions should:

3.2.27.1. Block the possibility of automatic control;

3.2.27.2. To carry out the movement of structural elements only with the constant application of the effort of the worker to the motion control body;

3.2.27.3. Stop the operation of associated equipment if its operation may cause additional danger;

3.2.27.4. Exclude the operation of parts of production equipment that are not involved in the implementation of the selected mode;

3.2.27.5. Reduce the speed of moving parts of production equipment involved in the implementation of the selected mode.

3.2.28. Complete or partial interruption of power supply and its subsequent restoration, as well as damage to the power supply control circuit, should not lead to dangerous situations.

3.2.29. The design of protective equipment should provide the ability to control the fulfillment of their purpose before and (or) during the operation of production equipment.

3.2.30. Protective equipment must fulfill its purpose continuously during the operation of production equipment or when a dangerous situation arises.

3.2.31. The action of protective equipment should not be terminated before the end of the action of the corresponding dangerous or harmful production factor.

Safety in the operation of technological equipment

The quality of technological processes in production when using various mechanisms, machines, equipment, as well as the reliability and efficiency of their work, safety and harmlessness of conditions when working with them, should first of all be ensured by their design. Therefore, the device and operation of technological equipment should be carried out in accordance with GOST “Technological equipment for public catering enterprises. General safety requirements", Rules for the design and safe operation of pressure vessels, Rules for the installation of electrical installations (PUE), Rules for the technical operation of consumer installations (PTE), Safety rules for the operation of consumer electrical installations (PTB), sanitary standards and rules for the organization of technological processes and hygienic requirements for production equipment, equipment operation manuals developed by manufacturers and the Rules for Safety and Industrial Sanitation at Public Catering Enterprises.

It should be borne in mind that the administration of the enterprise is obliged to ensure the maintenance of technological equipment by transferring it under a contract to a specialized organization or to maintain appropriately qualified service personnel.

The equipment must have control and measuring instruments, emergency, warning and technological alarms, provided for by the approved technological process, regime and regulations.

All control and measuring devices, except for the mandatory state check, must be periodically checked at the enterprise within the time limits established by a special schedule-plan approved by the head or chief engineer of the enterprise.

Culinary art combines skills and knowledge that have been formed over the centuries. The mechanization and automation of production processes in cooking introduces a number of difficulties associated with the fact that when cooking, one or another machine or apparatus, by its design, may not fully meet the necessary technological requirements. In such conditions, in order to ensure the appropriate quality of food preparation and, in general, efficient work, the cook must know not only all the features and secrets of food processing, but also the technological equipment that has to be used in the scope of his specialty, i.e. devices, the principle of operation, the degree of compliance of the machine or apparatus with the technological purpose, the level of safety for the attendant, the rules for safe operation, to clearly imagine the possible consequences as a result of violation of certain requirements for the mode of operation of the machine or apparatus, as well as safety rules.



A person's professional activity is characterized by many factors. The most important of them should be considered an inclination to a particular type of activity, a vocation. In the presence of these factors, a person is interested in learning, learns consciously, purposefully, easily. Work for such a specialist becomes creative, brings joy.

Training under the technical minimum program is mandatory both for employees directly operating the equipment and for those who are not associated with it (cleaners, waiters, auxiliary workers, etc.). The frequency of training is once every two years.

Special training is required to work on high-risk devices (devices operating under increased pressure, elevators, gas equipment, electrical installations).

Accessible and best in content literature should be considered the equipment operation manual (OM), which is developed by the manufacturer and attached to each product sent to consumers. The content of RE is determined by GOST 2.601-68 and includes:

Technical description (TO);

Operating Instructions (IE);

Maintenance Instruction (MO);

Instructions for installation, start-up, adjustment and running-in (IM);

Product Handling and Safety Instructions.

After the end of the course, the students are assessed. Examinations for the technical minimum are taken by a commission consisting of the head of the enterprise or his deputy, an engineer for labor protection and a specialist teacher. Exam results are documented in a protocol; certified students are issued certificates.

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