Electric heating device. An overview of the most economical way to heat a house with electricity. Electrical systems "warm floor"

A kilowatt-hour of heat received by an electric boiler costs the cost of a kilowatt-hour of electricity (at the beginning of 2017, about 5 rubles), which makes this heat source the most expensive. Today I want to talk about how to make electric heating in the house as cheap as possible.

Why electricity

The cheapest heat source is mains gas. For the owner of a gas boiler, a kilowatt-hour of heat costs only 50-70 kopecks. Only here is the trouble, in many villages and suburbs of our great and immense gas is simply not there.

After gas in terms of low cost of energy, follow:

• Firewood with a result of 0.9-1.1 rubles / kWh;

• Pellets(granulated sawdust) - 1.4-1.5 rubles / kWh;
• Coal- 1.6 rubles / kWh.

And how can electric heating, which costs 3-5 times more expensive, compete with them?

Comrades, the list of key properties of the heating system does not end with efficiency. For her, autonomy is also important - the ability to maintain a constant and comfortable temperature in the house without the participation of the owner. And according to this parameter, solid fuel loses electricity to smithereens:

• Classic solid fuel boilers need to load fuel and kindle every 3-6 hours;

• Pyrolysis boilers lengthen the interval between kindling up to 10-12 hours;
• Pellet boilers with automated fuel supply from the bunker, they work offline for up to a week;

• All types of electric home heating able to work without care and maintenance indefinitely.

Checkmate. Heating that does not allow you to leave the house for several days without resetting and draining the heating circuit (otherwise it will be defrosted) is extremely inconvenient.

A pellet boiler will be able to keep the heat in the house during your absence for several days. Only here the constant supply of pellets is far from being available everywhere, and the spread in prices for them often casts doubt on the efficiency of this type of fuel. Say, in Moscow a ton of pellets costs 7,000 rubles, and in Sevastopol - already from 15,000.

So, our task is to find ways to reduce overhead costs for heating with electricity.

Scheme 1: boiler with heat accumulator

Device

A small circuit with forced water circulation connects an electric boiler with a heat accumulator - a tank with external thermal insulation with a volume of up to 3000 liters.

A large circuit encircles the house, connecting the tank to the heating appliances. It must be organized recirculation of the coolant, ensuring a constant temperature of the batteries, regardless of the temperature of the water in the tank.

To implement this scheme, a two-rate billing of electricity and a two-tariff meter are needed.

Principle of operation

The boiler operates only at night, during the night rate (it is 3-4 times lower than the day rate). The heat it generates is used to heat the water in the heat accumulator tank. During the day, when a kilowatt-hour is more expensive, the boiler is idle, and the accumulated heat is gradually spent on heating the house.

Reference: heating 3000 liters of water by 40 degrees, you will store 175 kWh of heat. This is enough for heating for 16 hours (the entire duration of the daily tariff) for a house with an area of ​​100-120 square meters.

win: according to the current tariff scale for our capital at the beginning of 2017, a kilowatt-hour of electricity costs 5.38 rubles at a one-rate tariff. With two-rate billing at night (from 11 p.m. to 7 a.m.), the price drops to 1.64 rubles. The difference is 3.3 times.

Minuses:

• Large buffer tank. Not every boiler room can accommodate a tank with a volume of several cubic meters;

• Variation of regional tariffs. In Sevastopol, where I live, with electricity consumption over 600 kWh per day, the difference between single-rate and night tariffs will be only 5.4 versus 3.78 rubles.

Preved, marketer

Since we have touched on electric boilers, I should dispel one very common misconception associated with them.

Some types of boilers (specifically - electrode and induction) are positioned by manufacturers and sellers as economical. Such positioning is a first-class lie.

Any direct heating device has an efficiency of 100%. This statement follows from the law of conservation of energy: an electric boiler simply does not produce any other energy than heat. It does not move in space against the gravity vector, and all the losses for radiation and even for the circulation of water in the circuit are ultimately converted into all the same thermal energy.

The inscription "Eco-Energy" on the packaging of the electrode boiler must indicate its efficiency. As the hero of Bulgakov said, "I congratulate you, citizen, you have lied."

Scheme 2: warm floors

Device

Underfloor heating is a heating system in which radiators replace the entire floor surface. Its heating can be implemented in several ways:

• Pipes with heat carrier laid in a screed or on heat-distributing plates under a finishing coat;

• heating cable. It fits not only into the screed, but also into the layer of tile adhesive under the tile;
• Film heaters. A heating element of this type is a sheet of a dense dielectric polymer with a pair of copper current-carrying conductors and high-resistance current-carrying paths connecting them. The film heat-insulated floor keeps within under a finishing floor covering with rather high thermal conductivity - linoleum, a laminate or a parquet board.

Water heating with underfloor heating and an electric boiler is, let's say politely, a strange solution. It turns out to be unreasonably complicated, and the mediation of the coolant further reduces the efficiency (efficiency) of the heating system. Instead of a boiler, it is customary to use cable and film heating systems.

The film laid under the finish coating has much less inertia compared to the cable laid under the tile, and even more so in the screed. The film heater warms up the coating to a comfortable +25 ° C in 5-10 minutes, the cable under the tile - in 30, the cable in the screed - in 3-5 hours.

Laying the heating film with your own hands is not particularly difficult:

Image	The stage of installation of film underfloor heating
	Substrate laying. Penofol (foamed foil insulation) is spread on the floor with the foil up.
	Film connection to the thermostat and power supply. The terminals are crimped on current-carrying conductors and on the wire, then insulated with bitumen pads. A temperature sensor is placed under the film.
	Laying the finish coat. A laminate, linoleum or parquet is laid over the film heater.

A couple of subtleties:

Principle of operation

Convection heating (good old wall-mounted batteries) warms up, first of all, the space under the ceiling: convection currents carry warm air, which has a lower density, up. To get at least +20 ° C at floor level, the air above your head needs to be warmed up to +26 - +30 degrees.

When heating with a warm floor, the picture is different: the air above the floor is heated most of all, and as it rises to the ceiling, its temperature decreases.

What gives such distribution of heat?

1. Subjective comfort. Warm feet - it's nice, believe me;
2. No drafts at floor level. You can safely let the baby go to explore the children's room or living room: colds will bypass him;

1. Decrease in average temperature in room. This parameter is directly related to savings: heat loss by a heated room is always directly proportional to the temperature delta with the street.

win: at 0 ° C outside, a decrease in the average temperature in the room from 25 (30 under the ceiling and 20 on the floor) to 20 (22 on the floor and 18 under the ceiling) degrees will save 20%. With an increase in outdoor temperature, the efficiency of the solution will increase, with a decrease, it will fall.

Minuses: even if you install the electric heating of a private house with your own hands, it will cost about 800 rubles per square meter (when using an inexpensive film heater with a mechanical thermostat). If the installation is carried out by hired workers, the costs will increase by another one and a half to two times.

Scheme 3: infrared heating

Device

Any heater gives off heat to surrounding objects in two ways:

1. Due to convection(that is, direct contact with air and the transfer of thermal energy by its flows);
2. Due to thermal radiation. Anyone who has ever sat by a winter fire is familiar with its action: the air is cold, but hands and face feel warm.

By changing the temperature and surface area of ​​the device, it is possible to achieve the predominance of one of the methods of heat transfer. A source of thermal energy with a small area and a relatively high temperature will heat the room mainly with IR rays, and a moderately warm battery with developed section finning will heat the room with convection.

Infrared electric heating of a private house can be organized by devices of several varieties:

Image	Type of infrared heater
	With quartz tube. A heating coil is placed in it, which heats up to 600-800 °C when power is applied.
	With ceramic or glass heating panel. Its temperature is much lower - 80-90 degrees.
	With metal panel(aluminum or steel). Behind the decorative screen is a low-temperature heating coil in a ceramic insulator.
	Film. As a heat source, a heating film already familiar to us for underfloor heating or a thin polymer sheet with a carbon fiber fused into it can be used.

How to organize infrared heating at home with your own hands? Here are some simple rules for installing IR heaters:

Optimal placement: on the ceiling, so that the heat radiation is directed downwards.

Connection: to a conventional socket or 220 volt wiring through the pads.

Restrictions:

Principle of operation

When IR sources are located under the ceiling and heat the floor, the temperature distribution in the room becomes the same as when using a warm floor: warm below, cool above.

But that's not all. Thermal radiation not only heats the floor and furniture: the skin and clothing of the people in the room also feel warm. As a result, the zone of comfortable temperature decreases from 22-24 to 14-16 degrees.

The cost of installing a heating system is an order of magnitude less than in the case of a warm floor: a device with a power of 1 kW and a cost of 1500 rubles is able to heat an area of ​​15-20 m 2. For comparison, an inexpensive film heater of the same area with a simple mechanical thermostat will cost at least 12-15 thousand.

win: at an outdoor temperature of 0 ° C, a decrease in the average temperature in the room from 25 to 15 degrees will provide energy savings of 40%.

Minuses: the entire living area of ​​the house should fall into the radiation zone of IR heaters. Outside this zone it will be simply cold.

Scheme 4: heat pumps

Device

A heat pump is, as the name implies, a device for pumping heat energy. The most obvious example of a heat pump is an ordinary refrigerator: it takes heat energy from the refrigerator compartment and gives it to the air of the room in which it stands.

How does this device work?

Here is the full cycle of the device for heating.

1. Compressor compresses freon gas. With an increase in pressure, it passes into a liquid state of aggregation and heats up by several tens of degrees;
2. Hot refrigerant passes through the internal heat exchanger pump, where it gives off excess heat to the coolant or air in the room;
3. Passing expansion valve(simply speaking, a section of a pipeline with a sharply increasing cross section), cooled liquid freon turns into a gas and ... instantly cooled by a few tens of degrees;
4. The refrigerant passes through an external heat exchanger and heats up, taking heat from the external environment - cold compared to the air in the heated room, but warm compared to it;
5. Further - compression by the compressor and a repeated cycle.

The advantage of such a cycle is that:

• External environment(heat donor) can be much colder than the air in the house;
• Electricity is consumed only by the compressor, and its electric power can be several times lower than the effective thermal power of the pump (that is, the amount of heat that it pumps into the house per unit time).

The best heat pumps allow you to get up to 7 kWh of heat for every kilowatt-hour of electricity consumed.

You willy-nilly have to entrust the installation of the pump to the representatives of the dealer or manufacturer: otherwise you will lose the warranty for the equipment.

The water heating system that works with this device has only one feature: it must be low-temperature (not higher than 55 degrees, preferably 40-45). In this case, you will get the maximum efficiency of the heat pump: the temperature delta between its heat exchangers will be minimal.

With heat pumps with an internal water circuit, a water heated floor or conventional radiators with an increased number of sections are used.

Principle of operation

The donor medium can be:

• Priming below frost level. At a depth of several meters, its temperature is constant and keeps at the level of 10-14 degrees Celsius;
• Water in a non-freezing reservoir or groundwater pumped from a well with a sufficient flow rate. The water that has given off heat is discharged into a drainage well;

Water-to-water heat pump: external heat exchanger placed in a non-freezing reservoir.

• street air.

The minimum ambient temperature is limited by the characteristics of existing refrigerants. Air source heat pumps are capable of operating at an air temperature of at least -25 °C. As the outside temperature drops, the efficiency of the pump decreases (heat dissipation per kilowatt of power).

win: a kilowatt of heat costs 2.5-7 times cheaper than a kilowatt of electricity, depending on the characteristics of the device and the temperatures of the heated room or the coolant and the external environment.

Minuses: high cost of equipment and installation. I can give specific figures: when installing an air source heat pump in a house next to me with a heated area of ​​​​300 m2, all equipment (including underfloor heating and fan coil units) and its turnkey installation cost 850 thousand rubles.

In the case of geothermal pumps, the installation of ground heat exchangers makes a significant contribution to the project budget. Vertical collectors are immersed in wells with a depth of 50-100 meters (drilling a running meter of a well costs 2000-3000 rubles, depending on the type of soil). A horizontal collector requires digging a pit with an area three times the heated one.

Scheme 5: air conditioners

Device

An air conditioner is considered an electrical appliance for cooling the air (the term "air conditioning" did not appear out of nowhere). However, any air conditioner is a special case of an air-to-air heat pump, and when working for heating, it turns out to be more profitable than any direct heating device.

Naked facts:

• C.O.P.(Coefficient of Performance, the ratio of thermal power to consumed) of modern inverter air conditioners varies from 3.6 to 5;
• Lower limit of operating temperature when working for heating - -25 degrees allows the device to heat the house in the warm regions of the country all winter. In central Russia, the air conditioner can be used in the off-season as an auxiliary source of heat.

You can install the device both with your own hands and with the help of numerous companies offering installation and maintenance of climate equipment.

Principle of operation

It differs from heat pumps that heat the coolant in that it gives off heat directly to the air in the room. If you need to heat several rooms - no problem: install several inverters or a multi-split system (one external unit with several internal ones).

A couple of little tricks:

• When working on heat direct the air flow from indoor unit down. If the blinds are set to a horizontal position, the air conditioner will heat the air under the ceiling;

• Fan indoor unit should work at high speeds. In this case, the flow of warm air reaches the floor and heats it. First of all, the recommendation concerns houses with concrete floors: the high thermal conductivity of concrete will make the entire floor in the room warm up.

win: energy saving reaches 3-5 times compared to classical heating with an electric boiler.

Minus: limited outdoor temperature range.

My experience

The main source of heat in my house is inverter air conditioners. Perhaps my experience will be useful to the dear reader. So here are the numbers and facts:

Heated area: 154 square meters on two floors.

Climate zone: city of Sevastopol, Crimean peninsula. The average January temperature is +3 °С.

Number of air conditioners: 5 items.

Total heat output: 14 kilowatts.

Minimum outdoor temperature: manufacturers declared -15-25 ° С. In practice, all air conditioners continued to heat regularly at the peak of last year's frosts, when the temperature dropped to -21 degrees.

power usage: from 800 to 1500 kWh per month depending on the outdoor temperature. At current rates, the costs are about the same as what my neighbors pay for firewood and coal. But with twice the area of ​​the house and incomparable ease of use of heating.

Conclusion

As you can see, electric heating can be quite economical and successfully compete in terms of cheapness with solid fuels, and even with main gas. The video in this article will help you learn more about ways to heat your home with electricity. Please feel free to add and comment on it. Good luck, comrades!

For any residential building, whether it is a large apartment building or a private household with one or two floors, an important issue is the organization of the most efficient heating system. There are quite a lot of existing options to solve this problem, but not all of them can be used in a particular case. For example, it is sometimes impossible to connect a house to gas. Also, it is not always possible for the owners to stock up on the right amount of energy for liquid and solid fuel boilers. In such cases, the most optimal and economical option is electric heating of the house.

Choosing the best option

The times when private houses were heated only with the help of a wood-burning stove have already sunk into oblivion. Currently existing materials and technologies allow owners to choose any of the many ways to create and maintain a comfortable temperature in a residential building. However, almost unanimously, experts say that the most acceptable option in this case will be electric heating of the house, which in the future, no doubt, will become the highest priority. After all, it is known that the reserves of natural resources are not at all unlimited. Sooner or later, but there will come a time when you have to completely abandon them, switching to electricity. After all, it is the cleanest energy source.

Judging by the reviews, electric home heating has an impressive list of undeniable advantages. In addition, often it is simply the only available way to heat the building.

Already at the stage of developing an electric heating system project, it becomes obvious that this method of creating a comfortable temperature in the house during the cold season is the most economical and cheapest. And this despite the fact that the speed of installation of electrical equipment is much higher than that which distinguishes the laying and installation of heating circuits of other types. In some cases, the cost-effectiveness of the decision made is a decisive factor for the owners. Electric home heating will be the most profitable option, even despite the constant rise in prices for this type of energy carrier. After all, the latest technologies currently existing offer the use of high efficiency.

Benefits of heating from a socket

Electric heating of the house has undoubted advantages. They consist in:

1. Simplicity and ease of installation. Do-it-yourself installation does not require special knowledge and expensive tools. The equipment required for installation is small in size. Its installation is carried out quickly and at low cost. All devices designed to operate such a system are easily transported and can be moved from one room to another. The owners will not need to allocate a separate room for the boiler room. Such a system does not need a chimney.
2. Security. The use of electrical equipment for heating a private house will avoid the formation of carbon monoxide. In this case, the combustion products will be completely absent. There will be no emission of harmful emissions in such a system even if it breaks down and is further disassembled.
3. Low initial costs. When installing such a system, you will not need to invite special services and obtain permits.
4. Reliability and quietness. Judging by the reviews of experts, electric heating does not require regular maintenance. In addition, all installations mounted in the house will work silently due to the absence of a circulation pump and fan in the system.
5. Ease of operation. Such a system does not have elements that can quickly fail. During its operation, it is not necessary to constantly monitor the fuel level and the sensors.
6. High level of efficiency. The electric heating system installed in the house is able to heat the building even on the most frosty days within a short time. And special equipment that allows you to adjust the temperature in each room will significantly reduce material costs during the cold period.

Disadvantages of socket heating

The main disadvantage of the electric heating system is considered to be impressive. In some regions, the prices for this energy carrier are quite high, which makes this option unprofitable.

Such systems have another drawback. They are energy dependence. If for one reason or another there is no electricity, then heating the house becomes simply impossible.

The third disadvantage is the unstable voltage that is observed in the network, especially in rural areas. You can solve this problem by purchasing your own generator. However, this will significantly increase financial costs.
Anyone who decides to heat the house with electricity will need to take into account the power and condition of the electrical wiring. A large private house in this case will require three-phase network equipment. It will be necessary to know exactly the power that enters the building, and that part of it that can be allocated for heating.

System type

How can you heat your home with electricity? The type of such a system is possible air, water or steam. Also, the heating of the house is sometimes done with the use of warm floors.

The main characteristics of each of these systems will be discussed below. However, whichever of them is chosen, it is worth remembering that its maximum efficiency can be achieved only if the house is well insulated. Owners should also pay attention to this issue.

Steam heating

Such a system is very effective, but at the same time, judging by the opinions of experts, it is very dangerous. After all, heating radiators, as well as pipes going to them, heat up to almost a hundred degrees. Such a system is similar to a water system, but at the same time it is more economical at the stage of arrangement. It requires fewer radiators, and also allows the use of pipes that are narrower in their cross section.

However, due to the high hazard, the steam system is prohibited in apartment buildings and public buildings. As for private housing, it can be used for it. The source of heat in such a system will be a steam electric boiler.

air heating

This type of heating of residential premises is possible with the use of various devices powered by a socket. Such a heating scheme is good because the devices immediately begin to raise the air temperature in the room. There is no need for installation work. That is, the owners just need to buy the device, install it and plug it into the outlet.

Today, the construction market offers a large number of heating devices that operate on a 220 V network. At the same time, there are devices that operate directly. There are also those that use a circulating coolant - water, oil or antifreeze. How to choose from the whole variety the best for electric heating at home? You will need to familiarize yourself with each of the types of such devices in more detail.

Oil coolers

When choosing the best electric heating for a private home, you should pay attention to these devices. After all, they have been known to the consumer for a long time and still have not lost their popularity.

Oil units are mobile devices (often on wheels) that operate directly from a 220 V outlet. Their efficiency is 100% due to the direct conversion of electrical energy into thermal energy, bypassing any transmission devices. However, it should be borne in mind that the use of an oil radiator will allow you to create a comfortable temperature in only one room with a small area. For heating the whole house, this method is clearly not suitable.

Electric convector

When using such a device, economical electric heating of the house can be carried out. The use of an electric convector is a fairly effective and popular way to create and maintain a comfortable temperature not only in a small room, but also in a large private house. At the same time, the device will allow maintaining the balance of air humidity at the proper level without burning oxygen.

Anyone who asks the question “Which electric heating is better for a private house?” Should consider using a convector. After all, such a device has excellent technical characteristics and a wide range of capacities.

The basis of the convector is the heating element. This is the element by which electrical energy is converted into heat. The principle of operation of the device is based on air convection. The cold flow passes through the slots located in the device case from below, and then, after heating, already heated, it exits through the upper slots.

The electric convector is a unit enclosed in a metal casing with an aesthetic appearance. This allows you to easily place the device in any interior. At the same time, some owners purchase floor convectors, but wall-mounted devices are more popular.

Air conditioning

Such a device, if it is in heating mode, can also be classified as a device for maintaining a comfortable temperature, powered by a socket. Experts believe that such an electrical thing is that the costs incurred during the operation of the air conditioner are quite consistent with the heat it emits. At the same time, costs can always be reduced by adjusting the device.

However, air conditioners also have a number of disadvantages. The most important of these is the complexity of their maintenance. In addition, such a unit has a high initial cost. The investment of significant financial costs requires its repair in the event of a breakdown.

infrared heating

Equipment of this type can be safely attributed to the category of innovative. At the same time, its device in a residential building to maintain a comfortable temperature in it continues to steadily gain popularity. The infrared (film) system should also be paid attention to those owners who do not yet know which electric heating is better for a private house. After all, such a system is economical during operation, although it has a high cost of equipment, as well as installation.

The principle of operation of such heating lies in the transfer of the heat generated by it to nearby objects, the surface of which then heats the air. Infrared devices require a small amount of energy. In addition, they are able to perform not only zonal, but also spot heating, which eliminates irrational temperature distribution. Even after the equipment is turned off, the objects heated by it retain and continue to give off heat for a long time. Mounting and dismantling such a system is quite simple, which allows you to do such work yourself.

Warm floor

Such a heating system can be used both as a main one and as an additional one. What is the principle of its work? The heat from the heating elements in the form of a single or two-wire cable embedded in the floor covering begins to rise evenly, reaching the ceiling.

A significant advantage of this method is its long service life, which is about 80 years. In addition, underfloor heating is environmentally friendly and easy to maintain.

Among the disadvantages of such a system is its instability to mechanical damage. In addition, if repair is necessary, it will not be possible to make it without dismantling the floor covering. And this will lead to additional material costs.

Application of electric boilers

Most often, in order to create a comfortable temperature in all rooms of a residential building, equipment is used in which the liquid coolant is heated. Such units are double-circuit electric boilers. They have a relatively low cost and may well be mounted by hand. At the same time, their use allows not only to heat residential premises. With the help of electric double-circuit boilers for heating a private house, the owners provide themselves with hot water.

Based on the heating method, such equipment is divided into three types. These are heating elements, electrode, as well as induction for home heating. The best of them can be selected based on the existing conditions and the preferences of the owners. Consider each of the types of such equipment in more detail.

Heating elements boilers

Such electrical equipment can be classified as traditional. In such devices, the liquid is heated using a familiar heating element. This element, heating up, then gives off the heat it produces to the water, which delivers it through the pipe system to the room radiators. This one for home heating is economical. It's pretty easy to install. At the same time, a thermostat is provided in its design that maintains the set temperature. The power consumption of such equipment is regulated by turning off the selected number of heating elements. However, scale easily accumulates on the heating elements of such boilers, which disables the unit. How to avoid such a problem? Experts recommend in such cases the use of various means of scale.

Electrode boilers

Such equipment, judging by the reviews of experts, is unique in its safety. Indeed, instead of heating elements, electrodes are installed in it, which are completely immune to leakage of the coolant. If there is no water in the device, then it simply stops working. The principle of operation of such equipment is based on the effect of the electrode on free ions. As a result, the water is heated. In an electrode electric double-circuit boiler for heating a house, limescale never forms. But at the same time, experts warn that over time, the destruction of electrodes occurs in it, which must be replaced. In addition, only water can act as a heat carrier in such a boiler. The use of anti-freeze liquid is prohibited.

Induction boilers

The package of this equipment includes a radiator and a pipeline through which the coolant circulates. The best electric boilers for heating an induction type home can be recognized due to the lack of a heating element in them. The emitter located in the device generates an electromagnetic field that interacts with the metal. In this case, vortex flows are created that transfer their energy to the coolant.

Power consumption induction for home heating - 220V. Its advantages are ease of installation and further maintenance. In addition, such a unit does not have wear parts, and the formation of scale in it is possible only in minimal volumes. Experts recommend the use of such boilers for heating large rooms using a coolant in the form of water, oil or antifreeze.

A significant disadvantage of such equipment is its impressive size and high cost. In addition, damage to the integrity of the circuit leads such a boiler to failure due to a dangerous increase in temperature.

In general, the electric heating system of a private house is the only alternative along with traditional solutions. Compared to other types of heating systems, electric ones attract attention primarily due to their practicality, ease of use, independence and autonomy. With their help, owners of private houses can solve the problem of space heating as soon as possible.

Types of electrical heating appliances

According to recent studies, they have the highest efficiency. Almost every heater has a temperature setting function, so they are among the most economical. They do not require any maintenance and are almost silent, which makes them a real find for those who love a quiet countryside holiday.

Unlike liquid heat carriers, electrical energy is immediately converted into heat. In addition, with such a heating system, emergency leaks are excluded. From the foregoing, we can already conclude that electric heating systems meet all modern human requirements and are safe, hygienic and silent.

infrared heating

If you do not know how to make your home warmer, our photo and video instructions will help you. Seeing everything with your own eyes, you will understand that electric heating systems are no worse than others, and in many ways surpass their counterparts!

Most have an impressive area, and due to the fact that Russia is a non-resort country in which summer reigns all year round, this very area needs to be heated somehow in the winter. For these purposes, there is a whole arsenal of diversity, but due to the large volumes, many options hit the pocket hard. If you approach this issue correctly, it turns out that electricity is the most economical way.

Read in the article

Types of electric heating of a private house

Heating by electricity can be divided into several categories: spot, general, combined. Below, the varieties and principles of operation of electrical appliances of such a plan are described in detail.

Spot heating with space heaters

The domestic market can offer a huge range in the segment. The pricing policy will allow you to choose models of both economy class and premium units. In order not to get confused in the options, they are divided into subgroups:

• . Based on the work of needle or x-shaped heating elements.

• . They have a lot of advantages, which ensures comfort during their operation. The excellent directed heat dissipation generated by the infrared emitter will be able to fully warm you not only indoors, but also outdoors.

The design is a concave aluminum reflector with a special heat-repellent coating that concentrates and directs all thermal energy in a certain direction. There are models that have a moving base that provides heating at 90, 180 or 360 degrees.

Description of popular models and systems for heating

To fully determine the most profitable models, you need to analyze a whole ton of material about the characteristics and performance indicators. Of course, there are a large number of TOPs on the Internet that describe the most popular models of heaters in their segment (one of the best TOP 10 electric heaters is presented here), but in fact the choice can be limited. This is done according to the following criteria:

• Required power;
• Mounting method;
• Safety protection class;
• Required additional features;
• Case dimensions;
• Design;
• The budget for the purchase;

Having made a list, you can easily choose the appropriate option.

Overview of electric boilers for heating private houses: prices for the most popular models

Here is a list of the most popular manufacturers who have distinguished themselves by excellent quality and excellent performance. Heating in a private house with an electric boiler (cost in the table below) is considered an alternative in the absence of a gas main.

Table of electric boilers

Image	Manufacturer	Number of circuits		power, kWt	Area, m2	price, rub.
	EVAN-S1-3	one		3	25	7 500
	RUSNIT 204	one		4	30	9 600
	Ferroli Zews (Zeus) 6	two		6	60	29 500
	Protherm SKAT 9KR	two		9	90	31 000
	Wespe Heizung W.H. Foreman 8	one		8	80	15 000
	Zota-Economic 7.5	one		7.5	70	10 000
	Vaillant eloBLOCK VE 6		two	6	65	33 000

Heating the house with electricity. The most economical way for you

All explanations about savings will be considered on the example, which has an area of ​​​​100 m2.

1. Calculation of the cubic capacity of the room. Having 100 squares, they need to be multiplied by the height of the ceiling, for example, 2.7 meters, it turns out 270 m3. This building has an average degree of insulation, which means that it is necessary to add another 10 percent to the power. Having collected the parameters in a bunch, the following result is obtained (270/20) + 10% \u003d 15 kW
2. Purchase of equipment. Pipes, taps, fittings, and other nonsense will cost about 30,000 rubles. As for the boiler, assuming that there is no 380V in the house, it is recommended to purchase two electrode boilers, each with a power of 7 kW. The cost of one is on average 15,000 rubles.
3. Management of the entire system. We'll have to buy an electronic controller, with full stuffing. Boiler scheduling for the week ahead, boiler depending on the weather outside and many other necessary functions. The cost of this miracle of technology is about 10,000 rubles.
4. Installation costs. Depending on the region of residence, the cost varies, but on average it is 30 percent of the cost of the entire system.
5. Additional, but not mandatory, power supply. Solar panels with a power of 3 kW will cost you 80,000 rubles.

What happened in the end? The total cost without solar panels is 70,000 rubles. Power consumption is 14 kW / h, for a day of operation of two boilers at a street temperature of -10, consumption will be about 90 kW / day. The cost of a kilowatt of light is 5.38 rubles, which means 90x5.38x30=14526 rubles per month. If we count with installed solar panels, then the amount of expenses will be 11,500 rubles.

This is one of hundreds of options, what to choose is up to you.

Note! To understand how to heat a house with electricity economically, you need to know some tricks. One of them is the installation of a three-tariff meter.

Overview of the latest solutions in electrical heating systems

It can be immediately noted that all the latest developments are very expensive, but they have a good tendency, they quickly pay off.

• Solar collectors that heat water. Such panels are placed on the roofs of houses from the sunny side. They show themselves very effectively in sunny regions. They have a fairly high efficiency and the maximum level of environmental friendliness. And the downside is the impossibility of operation in the dark. In most cases, they are installed as .

For each residential building, whether it is a large multi-apartment building, or we are talking about a private household of one and two-story type, the organization of efficient heating is of great importance. There are a lot of existing heating options today, however, due to technical capabilities, not every house can be connected to gas. It is not always possible to supply solid fuel or liquid fuel boilers with the required amount of fuel. In such situations, home heating will become electricity.

Already at the stage of designing an electric heating system, it can be concluded that this method of heating will be much cheaper and more economical. Especially if we compare the speed of installation of electrical equipment with the laying and installation of heating systems of other types. Economic efficiency in some cases is a decisive factor when choosing a heating system. Despite the fact that today electricity is constantly becoming more expensive, new technologies allow the use of electric heaters with high efficiency.

Electric heating in your home - the main advantages and disadvantages

The concept of electric heating should be understood as a fairly wide range of technical means and capabilities. Electricity is a unique type of artificially produced energy that can be successfully used for domestic purposes. Electric heating can be of two types:

• with an intermediate coolant;
• with direct heat transfer.

In the first case, we are talking about a system based on an electric boiler that heats up the coolant and distributes it through the pipeline system. In the second case, we are talking about independent heating elements and devices powered by an electrical network. To heat a house, like any other room, convectors, thermal electric fans, spiral and infrared heaters are actively used. This method of heating is much simpler from a technical point of view. The only negative is a significant overspending of electricity, which will have to be paid. A separate discussion deserves a warm floor, a technology thanks to which you can truly achieve comfort in heating residential premises.

If we consider the ratio of opportunities and benefits obtained from the use of electric heating with other types of heating, then electricity will look preferable. The main advantage of electric heating systems is high efficiency. Other positives include:

• durability of operating systems;
• ease of maintenance and operation;
• reasonable costs for the purchase of equipment, installation and connection.
• silent operation and high level of safety of modern electric heating installations;
• lack of permits for the installation of electrical heating systems.

The economic effect is achieved through the installation of thermostats on electric heaters, due to which automatic switching on and off of the power supply occurs.

The listed pluses are leveled by one minus. To install sufficiently powerful electrical heating appliances in the house, an electric boiler, it will be necessary to additionally equip the residential building with electrical distribution devices and devices.

Important! Wiring in the house must be able to withstand significant loads, especially in the cold season. In addition to everything, the electrical switchboard must be equipped with a multi-tariff meter, which allows intensive use of the nightly cheap tariff. The main task in the installation of electric heating systems is to optimize the operation of the entire complex.

Electric boiler or convector - what's the difference? What to pay attention to?

From a technological point of view, an electric boiler is the most profitable in terms of price-quality ratio. Before making a purchase, you should carefully study the technical capabilities and characteristics of the models on the market. Assessing the capabilities of the boiler, it is necessary to take into account the amount of work that new equipment has to cope with. In order to heat a house with an area of ​​150 m 2, according to approximate calculations, at least 150 kW of electricity per day will be required. Not every boiler is able to cope with such a volume, and not all power lines are able to withstand such a load.

The boiler is connected to the usual standard water heating system, heating the coolant during its operation.

Each model is equipped, which allows residents to independently choose the temperature regime. Automation itself regulates the power of the boiler based on the specified parameters, without requiring human intervention, providing the necessary savings in electricity. The water supply is also regulated using the built-in pump, so there is no reason to worry about the normal pressure in the system. Additional equipment that most modern models of electric boilers are equipped with today increases the functionality of the system and is aimed at reducing electricity consumption, saving you money.

In the process of optimizing the operation of the heating system, it is important to take into account the heat losses that are characteristic of the room. This indicator depends directly on the thickness of the walls, the presence of insulation, the number of doors and window openings. The main heat loss occurs through windows and doors.

Last but not least, the heating efficiency depends on the parameters of the selected electric boiler model. There are classic boilers with heating elements, as well as more efficient modern options - induction and electrode (ionic). Moreover, all of them have an efficiency of 90%.

For reference: Often, manufacturers in the accompanying documents for the goods write the efficiency of the model - 95-98%. The figures look impressive, although in reality the figures are much lower, in the range of 90-92%.

With the simultaneous use of a large number of electrical household appliances, the temperature of the coolant in the electric heating system can be reduced, saving on a balanced consumption of electricity. Each specific case provides different options for savings, in contrast to the use of other heating systems. For example, an area of ​​​​50 m 2 will require an electric boiler with a capacity of 3 kW. Having the necessary numbers at hand, it is not at all difficult to calculate the number of kilowatts that will be consumed during the month with the continuous operation of the boiler.

For example:

• house area - 50 m 2;
• electric boiler - power 3 kW;

We do arithmetic calculations according to the following formula: 3x24x30, where 24 is the number of hours in a day, 30 is the number of days in a month. We get 2160 kW per month with the boiler running, and now we multiply this figure by the electricity tariff that is set in your region.

All calculations are approximate. The real amount of electricity costs will be visible only after some time. Only then can you make an independent adjustment of the heating system in the house, determine the appropriateness of using other electrical appliances in everyday life.

If you need to organize heating in your own house without laying highways and installing numerous equipment, you can get by with convectors. Unlike electric water heating in convectors, the basic principle of operation is the convection of warm air. Due to the operation of the heating elements, the ambient air is heated. The system is almost completely self-contained, compact and able to quickly heat up small interior spaces.

Convectors are equipped with temperature controllers, with which you can set the optimal heating parameters. The presence of automation provides automatic switching on / off of the device, depending on the temperature regime inside the room. To install heaters of this type, you must have high-quality sockets and reliable wiring.

Convectors can be installed both on walls and on the floor. The cooled air goes down, getting into the field of action of the heating elements, heats up again and rises up, and so on in a vicious circle. Thus, the process of convection of air masses is achieved. The operating mode of heating convectors is 60-100 0 C. Additionally, the room can be equipped with fans, the operation of which will accelerate the air exchange of the air mass. Despite the apparent simplicity of the design and the elementary principle of operation, the heating of the room with the help of convectors is carried out unevenly. Under the ceiling, the air will be warmer, while cool air masses will be felt below.

In order to achieve savings when using convectors, it is enough to carry out a simple mathematical calculation that allows you to determine the required number of devices for normal space heating. Practice shows that convectors are effective in heating wooden residential and household buildings of a small area. In capital, stone buildings with premises of a large area, it is not advisable to use convectors. Large volumes of air quickly cool down, the time for heating the room by convection of air masses increases significantly. Consequently, the energy consumption of the heating system increases.

Underfloor heating - economical heating of a private house

An electric boiler, convectors are not the only options for equipping a private house with an efficient heating system powered by the mains. Underfloor heating, which today has become fashionable to install in country houses and apartments, can be a good alternative to any other heating option. From the point of view of physics, a warm floor does not give a noticeable effect in heating residential premises, however, in comparison with the operation of other electric heating devices, thanks to a warm floor, it is possible to reduce energy costs for heating.

The desired effect is achieved through rational distribution of heat. Floors are known to be the coolest part of any room. Thanks to underfloor heating, the coldest part of the room is automatically re-profiled from a cooler to a source of heat energy. The air heated from below over the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room rises in uniform flows. For residential premises, underfloor heating saves 30-40%, for heating other premises, the savings can be 50% or more.

With the help of temperature controllers, optimal heating parameters are achieved. Having independently determined the temperature regime inside the room, it is really possible to achieve significant savings in energy consumption.

The benefits of underfloor heating are:

• an effective way to quickly warm up the premises;
• acceptable economic indicators;
• a comfortable indoor climate is maintained (oxygen is not burned);
• simplicity and reliability in operation.

Against the background of the advantages that underfloor heating has, the only drawback of this electric heating option seems insignificant. The problem lies in the complexity of installing such a heating system, associated with the need to reorganize the flooring.

The preliminary calculation of the cost of heating costs in this case is as follows:

The approximate power of standard models used in everyday life is 1.5 kW per 10 m 2. We consider the average daily consumption and get a figure of 360 kW. For rooms of other sizes, calculations are made according to the same principle, the power varies in proportion to the area.

For reference: 360 kW x 2.5 (tariff 2.5 rubles, approximately) we get 900 rubles. And now we multiply the resulting figure by real square meters, for example 50 m 2. As a result, we have a figure of 4500 rubles.

Today, there is a wide range of options to achieve the necessary comfort inside a residential building using electric heating.

Each of us has the right to choose which heating option suits him best. An electric boiler, underfloor heating or electric heaters are options that solve certain problems. You can solve the problem globally by creating a capital heating system or solve issues locally. In any case, you can achieve savings if you rationally equip your house with heating elements, reduce heat loss in the room and optimize the operation of the entire energy system in the house.