Types of balconies and their features. How easy it is to determine how a balcony differs from a loggia. Balcony glazing using an aluminum profile

Having completed the glazing of balconies, you can use additional meters of usable area. The Russian construction market offers consumers various efficient systems that differ in comfort, type and cost. But the main types of balconies glazing are cold and warm.

Let's try to understand the nuances of the operation, the pros and cons of different designs. But first, a few words about the legality of the procedure.

Any options for glazing balconies are considered redevelopment that affects the exterior of the building. Therefore, before starting work, you should obtain permits. For example, in new buildings there is standard documentation that allows for standard glazing. If it is not available for your home, you can order a project from a certified company.

Then you need:

Write an application to the management company;
Attach to the application his rights to the ownership of real estate;
Submit a project. Permission will be issued based on this..

Glazing will be banned if the building is a cultural monument, or the project violates the SNiP regulations.

Types and features of various glazing methods

As mentioned above, the main types of glazing of loggias are warm and cold. In the first case, wooden/plastic frames with multilayer bags are used. The main way to open the structure is hinged.

Projects with sliding aluminum systems are possible, in which the profile is insulated inside with an interframe insulation and a heat-insulating layer. However, for the improvement of balconies with loggias, this method of glazing is rarely used, because the cost of such a design is high.

In the cold version, sliding systems are more often used, and the glazing of the space can be aluminum or frameless. The advantage of the method is that there is no need to remake the parapet. These systems do not have a lot of weight, so the load on the balcony will be minimal. Cold glazing also includes the installation of wooden frames, complete with single glass. This design also does not provide heat in the balcony room at sub-zero temperatures.

The purpose of the glazing will influence the method.

The procedure for turning a balcony into a living space

If you are going to turn the balcony into a living space and attach it to the apartment, it is recommended to choose plastic / wooden windows. For their installation you will need:

Strengthen the plate;
build a parapet;
Carry out waterproofing of the room;
warm up the space;
Conduct electricity;
Arrange heating.

If it is necessary to protect the balcony from dust/precipitation, isolate it from street noise, or organize a summer vacation spot in a small space, the best option is an aluminum profile equipped with a sliding system.

If you want to increase the usable area, perform glazing with removal. It is necessary to hammer the channel into the wall and build up the slab with concrete. This option can be advised for owners of apartments with narrow balconies. When they are glazed, the usable area is reduced. That is, not only is the area small, but it also decreases. To prevent this inconvenience, they resort to expanding the balcony with remote glazing. Of course, you can increase the frame with subsequent construction, but this solution will cost more.

The location of the balcony structure will not change, but its glazed part will move outward relative to the fence. In order for the appearance of the balcony to be combined with the stability of the structure, an extension of up to 25 cm is recommended. This can be done along the perimeter of the front part of the balcony or the entire balcony space.

Now let's move on to the main systems.

Balcony glazing type: metal-plastic systems (PVC windows)

Perhaps the most popular options for glazing loggias are PVC windows, which have excellent thermal and sound insulation performance. The frame structure must be strong and rigid. The profile is reinforced, with good resistance to bending with wind loads. The standard thickness for glazing the loggia space is 58/64 mm. Improved version - 78 mm.

During the operation of windows, the entire load will fall on the fittings. Therefore, carefully choose hinges, locks and seals. Locks with hinges must be made of durable and wear-resistant metal, coated on top with an anti-corrosion compound. If there are children, install the system with a special lock. The tightness of the sash to the frame depends on the seals, so they must be flexible and of high quality. Otherwise, at high temperatures in summer and severe frost, the material will lose its function, which will lead to drafts on the balcony and dust.

For balconies, you can choose double-glazed windows:

Single chamber One 16mm interlayer with two 4mm panes;
Double chamber Two layers, in 9 and 10 mm, with three 4 mm panes.

Due to the lamination, metal-plastic windows can be easily matched to any design. In addition to white frames, you can order:

textured under the tree;
Colored products;
Different color for indoor/outdoor side.

Balcony glazing type: wooden frames

There are two options here. Classic frames made of pine (economy class) or expensive wood species. To create a warm balcony, you will have two rows with one glass. Modern types of balcony glazing are wooden frames inserted into a standard double-glazed window.

Modern technologies make it possible to create wooden structures for glazing different openings:

triangular;
Bay windows;
multifaceted;
rounded .

The disadvantages of such glazing are:

Labor-intensive preparation of the parapet Requires expansion and strengthening;
Significant weight;
The need for treatment with antifungal and fire-fighting compounds;
Cleaning and painting, occasionally.

However, wooden structures are covered with any color, so when changing the interior, this will be a huge plus. With plastic and aluminum, this cannot be done.

Balcony glazing type: aluminum systems

The design is durable and simple. Aluminum systems are stronger than wood and PVC counterparts. Usually aluminum glazing is cold. The high thermal conductivity of the material allows it to quickly heat up and cool down. In most cases, aluminum systems are equipped with a sliding mechanism. The weight of the structure is small, because one glass with a four-millimeter thickness (sometimes 5 or 8 mm) is inserted into it.

The most popular color is metallic grey. If you need to choose windows for a specific design solution, the system profile can be painted in the colors of the RAL palette with a special powder paint.

Balcony glazing type: frameless glazing

Fashionable and elegant are rapidly selected to three popular designs.

frameless balconies. Outwardly, everything looks like a glass wall without a frame and the balcony space visually increases. By sliding the glass window sections, you can fully open the balcony.

The design withstands severe static/wind loads. Frameless glazing is the best option for terraces and verandas.

Among the advantages are:

No restrictions in balcony type, service life, shape;
Transparency This does not interfere with the design of the façade. For the first floor, this will be a disadvantage. It will not be possible to protect yourself from prying eyes if you do not use a curtain, blinds, etc .;
Use of tempered glass It is safe and impact resistant;
Easy to clean inside/outside as they move easily.

The main drawback of the design is the inability to insulate the balcony space. Another disadvantage is not complete tightness. Therefore, there will be no serious protection against cold, noise and moisture. But experts say that the main purpose of frameless glazing is not insulation, but an aesthetic decoration of the balcony.

Balcony glazing type: balcony glazing with roof

Derivatives of a steel sheet are applied to an external covering. Such is, for example, a thin metallized sheet having longitudinal recesses in the form of a wave. The building material is called laminated corrugated board and is covered with a zinc layer on top.

However, you can use an inexpensive, but sufficiently rigid profiled sheet that can withstand any load without changing its shape. The corrugated board performs the functions of a load-bearing roof, and the installation of additional brackets is eliminated. The disadvantage of the coating is the lack of sound insulation. Therefore, you will need to cover it with a soft roof. However, the installation of a rigid frame increases the cost of work.

If you want roof glazing, use double-glazed windows made of tempered glass or use cellular polycarbonate.

The cost of all options for glazing a balcony

It is impossible to say exactly how much the balcony glazing will cost. The amount is called by the master after carrying out the necessary measurements and based on the cost of the window material.

An approximate calculation of the glazing of balconies is as follows:

Three-meter: 15,000 - 20,000 rubles;
Four meters: 20,000 - 30,000 rubles;
Five-meter: 25,000 - 40,000 rubles;
Six-meter: 30,000 -45,000 rubles.

Before you take on the arrangement of a cozy corner, you need to clearly understand what you are dealing with. In other words, you should study the types of balconies and loggias in order to speak the same language with repairmen and understand well what result you want to achieve.

In the era of antiquity, balconies played an important role in shaping the architectural appearance of the building. They complemented its symmetry, they were a connecting part between the two wings of a large building. At present, this is just a chance to increase the usable area of \u200b\u200bhousing and gain some space for recreation. But, you see, no matter how small the balcony is, it is always welcome!

openness
- Glazing types
  - cold glazing
  - Warm glazing
isolation
National types of balconies
- french balcony
- American balcony
- spanish balcony
- Italian balcony
- swedish balcony

flower decoration

"Classification of loggias and balconies"

So, we can divide all available “windows to the world” into two large groups:

Balconies
Loggias

The main criteria for dividing balconies and loggias into groups:

openness
isolation

You can read more about the differences and design features of each type in a separate article - we hope that the article about balconies and loggias will answer any of your questions.

"Openness"

Here are the following types of loggias and balconies:

Closed
open

Of course, we are talking about glazing, which not only changes the appearance of the room, but makes it suitable for many functions. The final design of balconies and loggias will depend on the type of glazing you choose. Let's see how it happens, and in favor of which you will make a choice.

"Types of glazing"

Do you want to set up a winter garden on the balcony, make an office, or do you have enough table and a couple of chairs for evening tea? As you understand, the heat of the room in these cases will vary, and the materials and technologies chosen by the workers will affect the temperature.

So, glazing of balconies and loggias happens:

Cold
Warm

"Cold Glazing"

This uncomfortable name should not be taken literally - of course, the room will be guaranteed protection from drafts, bitter frosts, a lot of dust and noise. The appearance will improve, and the changes in the level of illumination will practically not be affected. It will not work to arrange a room on the balcony, but not all old houses provide this opportunity. It will probably be on the loggias of some types.

"Warm glazing"

This transformation will allow you to use the room at any time of the year - specialists will take care of its protection in the cold. In parallel with it, work is underway to insulate both the internal and external parts. Read more about this in the article about the decoration of balconies and loggias.

"Isolation"

According to the size of the balcony and its isolation, there are two types:

Singles
Paired

Single balconies are designed for one apartment, the distance to the neighboring one is usually quite large. Paired balconies connect adjacent apartments, most often a partition is installed between them. Sometimes the balcony is the same for the whole apartment section, then they have an emergency exit to the stairwell.

"National types of balconies"

What are the balconies and loggias according to architectural features?

french balcony
American balcony
spanish balcony
Italian balcony
swedish balcony

"French Balcony"

Such balconies rarely take root in Russian realities, however, they are found in some Soviet-built houses. French balconies are microscopic in size - the platform is so small that you can literally put your feet on it, or it does not exist at all. Such a balcony is conditionally external, its space begins immediately behind the balcony door, sometimes without a ledge.

"American Balcony"

These balconies are quite wide and long, encircling the building and separated from each other only by a thin wall. The railings are usually low, half a person's height. There is plenty of space on American balconies!

"Spanish Balcony"

Spanish balconies have a strict rectangular, and more often square shape and a laconic look. They are small, neat, often with bars only in the front, and surrounded by solid concrete around the perimeter.

"Italian balcony"

Italian types of balconies are much more elaborate and varied, they can be pot-bellied, curved, decorated with rich openwork forging, balustrades and columns, you can often find stucco and bas-reliefs. Even such beauty is additionally decorated, because the balcony from the street should look as presentable as possible, attracting the eye. Therefore, if you want to become like the inhabitants of Florence, work hard so that your balcony is buried in greenery and flowers.

"Swedish balconies"

We often cite Swedish balconies as an example for several reasons. Firstly, they have a similar design to those in Russian houses - the same narrow extension, framed by metal crossbars. Secondly, Sweden is a northern country whose climate is similar to ours, so any solution for decorating balconies and loggias can be safely borrowed without thinking that it is only suitable for hot Rome or Barcelona.

Of course, balconies in modern private houses can have a more original shape and certainly a larger size. The most common are semicircular balconies supported by columns framing the entrance.

"Flower Decoration"

Flowers for balconies and loggias play an important role both in the emotional coloring of the house and in its aesthetic appearance. In many countries, decorating balconies with flowers is a good tradition that is not customary to change. It is surprisingly easy and inexpensive - and not only changes your apartment, but also affects the urban environment as a whole. Do you want to learn it? Welcome to the above section!

We have yet to get used to the idea of using the balcony only as a place to relax. For too long, small-sized housing has forced us to appreciate every square meter of available space and use balconies for household needs. But it's time to admit that it's time to breathe a sigh of relief and make the balcony a zone of lightness and tranquility, as we see in the photo, where the varieties of balconies and loggias appear in all their diversity!

Today it is already difficult to imagine a modern building without a balcony or loggia. They shape and decorate the appearance of the whole house. In addition, their presence makes life more comfortable. This room can be used as a place to relax, store things, and many due to it increase the area of the apartment. Moreover, in emergency situations, they can serve as a way to evacuate residents from the building. In this article we will tell you what a balcony and a loggia are, how they differ, and what types of balconies and loggias exist.

Types and types of balconies

A balcony is a platform that protrudes from the facade of the building at a certain distance and is fenced around the perimeter with a railing. Its standard depth is 1-1.6 meters, and the structure consists of a horizontal reinforced concrete slab, a fence and additional fasteners.

There are the following types of balconies, differing in design.

On cantilever beams

Used in old houses. The base slab is supported by reinforced concrete or metal cantilever beams embedded into the wall to a depth of at least 38 cm.

On a cantilever reinforced concrete slab

The design is very similar to the first option, differing only in that the role of the base plate is played by a cantilever-clamped plate. Usually they are installed in brick buildings, but for walls made of aerated concrete or ceramic blocks, this option is not suitable due to the excessive weight of the structure.

These two types of balcony structures can be installed on any floor, as they do not provide for additional supports.

With external supports

Such designs allow you to make larger balconies. Brackets or columns can serve as additional supports. However, columns have two disadvantages. Firstly, the impossibility of placing a balcony above the second floor. Secondly, there is a possibility that the foundation of the walls and columns will settle unevenly, which will lead to the curvature of the balcony structure.

Now, new designs of balconies have appeared on the modern construction market, which make it possible to install them on an already finished building.

There are three types of such balconies.

Attached

They are attached to the facade of the building with the help of side supports, and front racks are provided to reduce the load on the walls. A foundation is being built under the racks. For this type of balconies, a free area is needed under it.

Attached

Attached with support brackets. The design also relies on the front racks.

Mounted

They are "hung" on the facade of the house with the help of special fasteners in the wall.

Types and types of loggias

The loggia is a platform, on one side of which there is a fence, and on the other - walls. The main difference from the balcony is that it does not protrude beyond the walls of the building, but is built into it. Loggias differ in design and can be built-in or remote.

Embedded

They are formed by the outer load-bearing walls of the building, on which the floor slab rests.

Remote

The design consists of additional walls perpendicular to the facade of the building, the so-called "cheeks" of the loggia. The floor slab of these loggias rests on cantilever beams fixed in transverse internal walls.

loggia-balcony

A hybrid of a loggia and a balcony. Part of the room is built into the building, and part protrudes beyond its walls. It can be open or glazed. Compared to an ordinary balcony, it is more protected from adverse climatic conditions, at the same time, unlike a regular loggia, it darkens the apartment less.

What is a french balcony?

The classic French balcony has a purely decorative function. It is not a room and has practically no area, at most it is a small area equal in width to the length of a human leg. The fence is installed directly in front of the doorway. You can enjoy a beautiful view from the window on it, but it does not have a place for walking and storing things.

In modern construction, the concept of "French balcony" has changed somewhat. Now this is an ordinary balcony, but instead of standard metal or reinforced concrete railings, double-glazed windows in aluminum or PVC structures are used.

No matter what type of balcony or loggia you have in your home, this corner can be turned into a wonderful place to relax. Thanks to modern materials and technologies, you can choose absolutely any type of exterior and interior decoration. It can be glazed or left open, while making a beautiful fence, decorate with flowers, then it will not only protect you from wind and rain during your vacation, but also decorate the whole appearance of the building.

Modern housing construction allows you to decide on the layout of the apartment even at the construction stage. However, sometimes it can be difficult for owners to navigate the functional purpose of the premises, especially if there is both a balcony and a loggia. The offers of building supermarkets allow you to create cozy outdoor relaxation areas or amazing winter gardens on these sites.

To understand what is the difference between a balcony and a loggia, or to understand what a bay window is, you need to familiarize yourself with the characteristics of these buildings according to SNiP.

Balconies: description and types

According to the definition of SNiP, a balcony (translated from the ancient German word balko means "beam") is a platform protruding from the plane of the building wall. It is noteworthy that the building will be considered a balcony when located at floor level, even without a roof / canopy, parapet.

Only a professional should evaluate the design of the balcony and the possibilities for its repair or alteration. Only a specialist can tell you whether it is possible to glaze the balcony or is it better to leave the area open.

The methods of attaching buildings to the wall determine the types of balconies, their parameters and depend on the characteristics of the materials of the house, the thickness of the elements.

Cantilever - the balcony slab is connected to the floor element in the carrier slab (reinforcements are connected by welding) or located on beams protruding from the wall. Width of the open area - up to 1 meter, configuration: rectangular, semicircular.
Attached - the balcony slab is supported by various supports (the wall of the house or individual elements - columns). Designs of any shape and size are allowed.

Of course, it is better to arrange a platform of any size in any design style, and it will not even matter whether it is a closed balcony or an open one. According to the external design, the following types of balconies are also conventionally distinguished:

Italian - stands out with an openwork forged fence that has a curved shape. Vases with flowers are necessarily exhibited - as an additional decoration of the site;
American is a large balcony resembling a terrace. Furniture, umbrellas or awnings from the sun, flowers in large tubs are freely located on it. It can “encircle” the entire building, it is notable for its low fences;
spanish - has a small rectangular or square area that allows you to place some compact furniture items (armchair, chair) or flowers in flowerpots. These unusual balconies are rare, and their supporting beams are usually decorated decoratively and are one of the decorations of the facade of the building;
french - can be considered a design whose only function is decor, since the balcony area as such is completely absent or allows you to place small flower pots. A picturesque view outside the window will become an interior detail if the balcony door is made entirely of glass. Significant investments are not required for registration - it is enough to install a beautiful forged fence.

Loggia: characteristics and types

According to the wording of SNiP, a loggia (in Italian, the word loggia means a room open from several directions) is a built-in / attached platform, bounded by walls on three sides. The depth of the room is determined by the possibility of using natural light. There are glazed or unglazed designs. What is a loggia in a modern apartment? This is a recreation area or a separate room equipped with heating.

Despite the difference between a balcony and a loggia in design, these buildings are similar in design types, namely:

french - different panoramic glazing, visually significantly expands the space;
Spanish - a platform of small size, mostly rectangular / square in shape, the fence is necessarily designed in the form of a concrete wall;
Italian - equipped with forged railings of a bizarre, ornate shape;
American - located along the perimeter of the building and can be of different widths.

An interesting spatial form on the wall of the building is a bay window (the name of the structure comes from the French word "arquer" - an archer). The structure can have a triangular, rectangular, semicircular and polyhedral shape and, as a rule, is glazed around the perimeter. Bay windows are most common in the Nordic countries - Germany, Denmark. The building expands the area of the room and increases the natural lighting of the room. The most suitable for these purposes is a rectangular bay window.

Differences and features

To clearly understand what can be insulated and where it is better to place a cozy corner for relaxation, you need to know the types of balconies and loggias, bay windows, understand their “weak and strong” sides.

Loggia glazing options are more diverse due to the ability of the structure to withstand significant loads.
The reliability of the balcony is limited by design features. The structure can withstand a specific weight, which must be taken into account when placing overall or heavy items.
Equipping the loggia with suitable heating (best of all - with "warm" floors) allows you to arrange the room into a separate full-fledged room.
Appropriate glazing of the balcony and opening can significantly increase the natural lighting of the room.

Of course, it is optimal when the question is not raised when choosing a living space: a balcony or a loggia? The rapid construction of new houses allows you to choose your favorite version of the apartment project. However, the right approach when repairing or redevelopment of any buildings will make the room cozy, unique and safe.

The choice will depend on what goal you are pursuing. You can equip a mini-office, a room for children, a greenhouse for exotic plants on the balcony, or you can simply close the space from precipitation or use it as a pantry, basement in winter, keep vegetables and fruits there. In the first case, the balcony will be expensive, but warm, in the second case, it will be cold, but cheap. The difference in price is about 80%, so the choice must be approached responsibly. Let us consider in more detail the features of each design.

Glazing the balconies of the house with the use of insulating materials allows you to save up to 35% of heat in the apartment, since most of it leaves through windows and doors. Moreover, in remote balconies without insulation, the wall of the house is very cold, on which moisture can condense. This problem is solved by a warm balcony. As an advantage, you get additional living space. The price of the apartment is 30 sq.m. immediately increases by 10% - this also costs a lot of money.

Such a structure is made through the use of aluminum or wooden block structures, which can consist of 2 or 3 chambers. Double-glazed windows for 3 air chambers have maximum sound insulation and minimum heat conduction, but their price is much higher. The structures are durable and reliable. As a rule, these are equal constructions, where each package is in its own frame.

Glazing balconies with a roof without the use of insulation materials is much cheaper, since packages with high heat conductivity are used. Such a balcony is necessary for the tightness of the room - moisture and wind do not penetrate inside due to durable glass and high-quality insulators. But the space remains cold in winter, and the temperature will not be much higher than outside. For many, this will be an advantage, since it is very convenient to store vegetables and fruits, but it will be impossible to make a working room or a full-fledged room.

Most often used on balconies is a simple aluminum profile from which the frame is made. There are also frameless designs that allow you to increase visual visibility. This seriously affects the lighting of the room, it will be especially useful for the warm season, when you can take out the table and chairs and relax, admiring the view from the window. Glazing of balconies with wood has recently been carried out quite rarely, since poor tightness of such a design significantly reduces the life of natural materials, and the cost of wood is high.

We select glazing methods

What do you want from a balcony design? Increase living space? To give it an aesthetic appearance? Maybe make it more comfortable? These and many other problems can be solved with the help of different methods of glazing. Let's consider them in more detail.

The most popular method of glazing, which involves an increase in living space by moving the outer wall of the balcony a certain distance.

Most often, the area increases by 25-30 centimeters. This allows you to make a small room there or a summer "terrace" where you can put a table and chairs. There are really many ways to use this space. Additionally, you get the following benefits:

excellent appearance;
freeing up space for a future window sill;
additional reinforcement of the parapet.

The only negative in the design of a remote balcony is that it is imperative to obtain permission to change the design in order to avoid a possible fine later.

It is a modern approach to problem solving. Most often, panoramic balcony glazing is used for summer construction, that is, cold. Because it will simply be impossible to insulate it - despite the high strength, the thermal efficiency of the valves will be very low.

The frameless option is also suitable if you want to make a French balcony. The overview will become much larger, and insulation will not play a significant role, since the profiled frame can be made in the wall and insulated with other building materials.

Benefits of a frameless design:

increased strength and resistance to atmospheric phenomena;
all architectural features of the premises are preserved, can be used even in the historical parts of the city;
strong visual magnification of the window;
sound insulation due to the solidity of the structure;
ease of use.

Most often, balconies are glazed with aluminum, especially if there are sliding shutters on the windows. Cheap, beautiful, practical.

French balcony and what is it

The original design with, which does not belong to any of the above types. In fact, this is the absence of a balcony, or rather, its visualization. It does not have a platform (or it is minimal, 20-30 centimeters, for flowers, for example) and serves only to decorate the facade of the house or the interior of the room.

The window in the room goes from the floor itself, which significantly improves the appearance, increases light transmission. Glazing takes a minimum of time, since often its area is equal to the area of the opening itself in the wall. The thickness of the glass is at least 0.5 mm, often multi-layered glass is used so that it does not crumble upon impact, but only deforms. French balcony glazing is considered the cheapest and most beautiful, as the interior is enriched with a panoramic view of the street, and a visual balcony appears in the exterior of the room (the outside is decorated with railings, sometimes with a small decorative ledge).

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