Dutch style in the interior of the kitchen. Dutch Graphic Design: The Politics of Creative Anarchy. The history of the emergence of the Dutch architectural style

Dutch design is characterized by ingenious simplicity, experimentation and ... humor. Furniture and carpets made from recycled pine needles or a gun that shoots at the offender with icicles of crying tears are fresh examples when an industrial designer thinks in a modern, figurative and very Dutch way.

Bright, impractical, yet thoughtful, intelligent Dutch Design is simple and powerful. The frugal, ethical Dutch are masters at using materials that look useless. They know how to modernize cultural codes, believe in the prospects of a tolerant society and combine everything that never goes together. Banal and extraordinary, old and new, high-tech and artisan.

own business

Dutch designers are minions of fate. Compatriots take their ventures so seriously that they are ready to pay big money for stools made of old boards and tables with porcelain toads. Officials subsidize start-ups, and spacious workshops are donated or given for symbolic rent.

Dutch design finds its buyer not through an intermediary manufacturer, but in galleries, at auctions and on the Internet - just like art, relying on a small circulation. The Dutch make revolutionary furniture in their own workshops. To this day, there is no furniture industry in the Kingdom of the Netherlands, and this has become a great advantage - the product is produced solely at the designer's own discretion. Of course, state support plays a huge role. The Foundation for Visual Arts, Design and Architecture and its programs, launched in 1988, have encouraged generations of students to become self-employed entrepreneurs immediately after graduation. Concentrate efforts on your own business, without changing the field of activity.

Intelligence Export

The Netherlands is one of the most economically stable countries. It closes the top ten richest countries in the world. Here, society is not polarized in terms of income, and the Dutch export-oriented economy is called the economy of knowledge and innovation. The concept of economic development is based today on three pillars and three ports: Amsterdam/airport (airport), Rotterdam/seaport (seaport), Eindhoven/brain-port (intellectual gateway of the country). The new creative industries cluster around Eindhoven includes 10,000 members, 125 companies and institutions. It generates over 25 billion euros of Dutch exports. Five years ago, Brainport was named the most smart region of the world.

Educated class

There are 13 design schools in the Netherlands. A small European country (the population of the Netherlands is 15 million people) can be safely called a country of architects and designers. Well-educated professionals always have a use: design has become an integral part of the development of any product in the Netherlands - from banknotes to ships. Fashion, computer technology, communications, and even food have pushed the already broad boundaries of the profession. Events at the intersection of promising disciplines are created by such world stars as architect, fashion designer, food design pioneer Marie Vogelsang, kinetic sculptor Theo Jansen, provocative artists Joop Van Lieshout, Dan Roeharde, Lukas Maassen, researchers Nadine Sterck and Lonny van Ryswick (Atelier NL). They express the ideas of "lifestyle redesign", act as politicians and sociologists, reflecting on power, development, death. Ten brands: Piet Hein Eyck top the pyramid of the country's most in-demand industrial designers.

Living in the future, rethinking the past

If Scandinavian design embodies pure functionality, then Dutch design is its freedom-loving rebel cousin. As a phenomenon of world culture, he appeared on the world stage a century ago, thanks to innovative activities and the modernist movement: together with Theo van Doesburg and Piet Mondrian, Rietveld developed a new visual "language": abstraction and geometric order were to become an expression of the ideas of modernity.

The term Dutch Design has become popular since the 1990s. Prior to this, the phrase "Dutch design" evoked associations with the work of graphics. A major breakthrough in industrial design was associated with such an association as Droog, and his speech at the Salone del Mobile in 1993. The names became known to the world, Rennie Remakers, Jurgen Bey, Richard Hatten, Hella Jongerius, Vicky Somers, Piet Hein Eyck and Marcel Wanders, who founded the company in 1996.

“At Moooi, we don't try to present ourselves as the epitome of what's new,” Wanders says. - Since the time of modernism, it has been considered good form to focus only on the future, on the new. It seems to me that this does not happen, it's just ridiculous - to think that you are free from the influence of the past. That someone is generally free from it. Putting on blinkers, rushing forward without looking back - this is really funny. We don't do that… Filling new objects with well-read cultural metaphors and realizing them either with the help of traditions or with the help of new techniques - this is what I do every day.”

“I try to create the feeling that we are already living in tomorrow, in the near future.” Marcel Wanders.

Theo Remy presented to the public a Droog rag chair made from old blankets. This kind of "slap in the face of public taste" became the embodiment of the main features of the Dutch design of that time - conceptuality with a fair amount of irony. Indeed, why carve a bench out of wood when you can sit on the log itself, it is enough to attach the back of a chair to it, as Jurgen Bey did?

idea factory

At the end of the 20th century, industrial factories in Holland were replaced by creative industries. The driver of the economy was design, and the capital of Dutch design was the city of Eindhoven. The motor of development - (DDW) in Eindhoven, which is visited by about 200,000 people, and up to 2,000 authors participate. DDW has grown into the largest event, with guests leaving around 5 million euros in hotels and restaurants.

DDW 2017 Ambassadors: Winy Maas (MVRDV), Lonnie van Risvik and Nadine Sterk (Atelier NL), Markus Faires, Dezeen Editor-in-Chief.

(in 2017 she turns 70 years old) has become the main forge of stars. Although it was founded for a completely different reason: in 1946, the municipality was ordered to train personnel for the local industry, namely, for the city-forming Philips enterprises that left Eindhoven along with the headquarters in 1997. The students were novice practitioners in a closed "laboratory" that formed not the stars of world design, but the humble workers of the Dutch electronic corporation. (Currently, the main industry in Eindhoven is the production of microchips - several offices managing production).

The reputation of the best design academy of our time, open to the world, is largely the merit of the former head of the Academy (Lidewij Edelkoort). An authoritative trendsetter, an "archaeologist of the future", she made serious reforms in the institution over the course of 10 years (1999-2009). Lee has been active in alumni careers, promoting authors such as Maarten Baas, Kiki van Eyck and Studio Job in the context of global trends.

“Luxury things are not necessarily expensive materials, handmade or exclusive brands. They can be made from the simplest things and by the simplest means, because luxury is imagination." Rennie Remakers

Technology and craft

Dutch designers actively use technology. 3D printing and robotics inspire Joris Larman and Dirk Vander Kooij. Wander Cooey turned a Chinese industrial robot into a 3D printer. With it, he printed lamps, vases, and even an Endless chair from the plastic parts of an old refrigerator. “I have always been attracted to recycled synthetic materials. I wanted to break the stereotype that only cheap, short-lived things can be made from them, comments Vander Kooij. Everything unnecessary goes into a giant press: “We feed the press chairs that we don’t like, and he remakes tables from them,” the designer explains.

The main question today is how to combine new technologies and handicraft. High-tech plus low-tech guarantee the subject a happy place in the world of ultra-fast communications and super-emancipated personalities.

Dutch designers believe that in the future, the value of an object will not depend on materials (even advanced ones, such as bioplastics or organic light emitting diodes) - the unique individuality of the object will become the main luxury. The design gradually became more personal, became a personal story. Today, people are more interested in what design has to offer to each individual. “Dutch design is religion for some, marketing for others, and a brand that sells well for export,” comments Tim Vermeulen, program manager at the Dutch Design Foundation. Vermeulen also sees more: Dutch design is an international school on the foundation of design education.

The Dutch style in the interior is considered simple, but at the same time it is very cozy and attractive. A feature of this style is the use of only natural materials, they bring a provincial touch of Holland to the interior. As everyone knows, this country is famous for its navigation and tulips - symbols of the state. Therefore, the presence of marine details and floral compositions in the setting is mandatory.

What attracts designers to the Dutch design style

The main hallmark in the design of the house in the Dutch style is red brick. This well-known detail is used in decoration both inside and outside. They like to use red brick in the decor of the living room, kitchen and even the hallway. In the bedroom and in the children's room, this method of decoration is not very popular, since the rough texture of the brick "kills" all the comfort of the room.

Another hallmark of the Dutch style is the unprecedented popularity of ceramic tiles. It is used to finish everything from the floor to the walls. Ideally for this style, a cottage or a house outside the city is suitable. But this does not mean that it is forbidden to use it in the apartment. With a little effort, the unpretentious Dutch style can be implemented anywhere. Even public places, cafes and restaurants are often decorated in this cozy style. It should be remembered: comfort, coziness and practicality are the main components of the Dutch style.

Dutch style color palette

In the creation of the Dutch style, the obligatory use of warm colors is assumed: these can be all kinds of shades of brown, perhaps burgundy and beige, as well as yellow, and even blue. Since this style can be applied in any room, you can choose a palette of brown colors for the kitchen, warm shades of yellow for the living room, and beige and blue colors for the bathroom.

Basic materials in the Dutch interior

The Dutch style is, of course, natural materials. On the floor, dark parquet made of natural wood will look advantageous. You can also use a laminate, but on condition that it imitates a natural coating.

If desired, the floor can be covered with ceramic tiles, the main condition is its color. It should be dark and play in contrast with the lighter interior of the room. For wall decoration, as mentioned above, red brick trim is used. Rough plaster is also held in high esteem, its unfinished look brings the feeling of natural stone to the decor.

The ceiling can be left just white, this will visually increase the space. And if finances allow, then decorating the ceiling with wooden beams will definitely add charm to the home. It should be remembered: if it is necessary to achieve a true Dutch style, then only natural materials should be used - wood, stone, glass, ceramics.

What should be the furniture in the Dutch style?

When choosing furniture for this style, you should pay attention to rough, in appearance, massive furniture, also made from a natural product. Massive sofas, armchairs and beds should be as comfortable as possible, and this is the hallmark of the Dutch style. Wooden cabinets with transparent doors, a glass table with curved legs, and a mandatory attribute - a fireplace in the living room, that's what will create a unique atmosphere of distant Holland.

On October 29, Design Gallery / bulthaup in St. Petersburg opened the "Dutch Shelf", an exposition of books on design, architecture, fashion, photography and home decoration from the Netherlands, and also hosted a meeting with Jeroen Junte, author of several books about Dutch design . The DIY Portal visited this event to find out what modern Dutch design is, as well as to talk about the development of the “Do it yourself” (do it yourself) sphere in this country.

Yerun Junte during a lecture

Dutch design as a phenomenon appeared on the world stage about 100 years ago, thanks to the work of Gerrit Rietveld, one of the stars of world design in the first half of the 20th century.

Rietveld's most famous creation, the red and blue chair, 1918

However, even despite such a loud start, Dutch design for a long time could not boast of serious achievements, let alone compete with Italian or Scandinavian designs. A major breakthrough came in the early 1990s when Tejo Remy unveiled the Droog rag chair made from old blankets. This kind of "slap in the face of public taste" became the embodiment of the main features of the Dutch design of that time - conceptuality and a fair amount of humor. Indeed, why carve a chair or armchair out of wood when you can sit on the log itself, it is enough to attach a back to it?

"Rag Chair" by Teio Remy

Log bench by Dutch designer Jurgen Bey

All these items look deliberately provocative and not always practical. What was the reason for the formation of such an original and controversial design school in the Netherlands? According to an expert on this issue, Jeroen Junte, several factors became fundamental: active state support for young designers, who at the same time studied in art schools, not technical schools, as well as the lack of large-scale furniture production in Holland. In fact, designers working in small private workshops were free to create absolutely anything that came into their heads, because they made most of the objects with their own hands.

Denis Perren's CMYK luminaire decomposes light into the primary colors of the spectrum and creates a new whimsical pattern from them

Perhaps Dutch design would have continued to follow the path of ever greater avant-garde and conceptuality, but the harsh reality was not long in coming, a crisis broke out, forcing designers to turn their heads towards greater practicality and aesthetics.

In the last 10 years, Dutch design, while retaining its original humor and love of conceptuality, has developed new principles that have allowed it to make a serious statement on the world stage.

Chest of drawers with drawings-tattoo from the Dutch Studio Job

Basic principles of modern Dutch design:

• rationality. Simple, lightweight, user-friendly objects and innovative use of materials, such as a magnet to attach the console table to the wall
• maximum reuse. Maximum reuse of materials, technologies and ideas
• new aesthetic. There is less outrageousness and more beauty in Dutch design objects, some objects are created exclusively for admiration, and not for use.
• return to nature. This principle is understood literally, so the structure of a tree leaf becomes a prototype of the structure of furnishings.
• perfection in imperfection. The Dutch bow before everything exclusive and therefore cracks on a ceramic cup, giving out its man-made work, and not Chinese stamping, are only welcome.
• DIY, DIY. Designers offer you to print parts of the chair on a 3D printer and assemble it manually, or they only release a set of fasteners that allow you to assemble the famous chair model from Mies van der Rohe and handles from an ordinary mop.

Modern repetitions of another famous chair from Gerrit Rietveld, maximum simplicity and functionality

Jeroen Junte noted that in the Netherlands there is an extremely high interest in all objects made by one's own hands. According to him, among true design fans, handmade items are considered especially prestigious, such items are valued and no expense spared on them. Even if man-made objects have minor flaws and flaws, they are individual and this is what makes them especially attractive. This is also facilitated by the specifics of Dutch design, where objects are created by designers manually, using 3D printers, etc. technologies in small print runs in our own studios. Thus, craftsmanship, individuality and innovative modern design are combined in Dutch design objects.

Instruction

The design features of the Dutch interior are as follows: the windows are large, divided by slats into several panes; ceilings are decorated with beams painted either in the color of the ceiling or in the color of the floor; often there are stoves or fireplaces, which are decorated with Dutch-painted tiles.

Walls are also decorated with such tiles, often only halfway, instead you can take wallpaper with a similar painting. Still for finishing the walls used plaster, painting. Brick and wood are also favorite materials for walls, the boards are painted, and the brick is left unchanged.

The traditional Dutch colors are white (predominant), blue, red and yellow. The floor is made of plank, parquet or stone. The tree can be either dark or light or painted. Instead of stone, you can choose ceramic tiles.

Dutch-style windows are often left open or light tulle is used, lace works great. For upholstery of upholstered furniture choose natural fabrics, plain or with ornaments. The furniture itself is made of wood, the furniture is strict in shape, sometimes rough. Carving, painting and glass are used to decorate furniture. The invention of the Dutch is a slide for dishes, on the shelves of which china sets flaunt.

As accessories, dishes with Dutch painting, copper candlesticks and jugs, lace napkins, engravings and mirrors in simple frames are suitable. Typical for Holland are miniature figurines of Dutch houses, windmills, Dutch shoes. Since Holland is the world leader in vegetative, its interiors are often filled with flower bouquets.

More and more people in the world, choosing a house project, are leaning towards simplicity, comfort on the one hand, and practicality on the other. In this sense, the Dutch style fits best: architecture and interior design combine maximum functionality and the comfort of a home. At the same time, the Dutch style is beautiful country houses, with embossed areas and colorful carpets of flowers.

The history of the emergence of the Dutch style

The Dutch style was formed during the golden age of the development of the art of the Netherlands (XVII century). Its heyday fell on the period from 1625 to 1665, and it dominated the architecture of the United Provinces. At this time, all areas of artistic creativity are rapidly developing in the country and powerful schools are being formed. Such prominent architects as Hendrik de Keyser, Jacob Van Kampen, Justus Fingboons, who created remarkable monuments and works of architecture, work here.

The main principle of Dutch architecture - functionality - was due to difficult natural and climatic conditions, as well as a shortage of space for construction. This style has something in common with and with . Most of the soil in the country is swampy, unsteady, so the main emphasis of the builders was on the strength of the foundations of the structures. As for the criteria of beauty in architecture and design, they evolved along with the change in cultural, historical and political conditions that formed the style trends in construction. So, usefulness, strength and beauty became the basis of what became known as the Dutch artistic style.

However, the Dutch traveled all the time, thus adopting many trends from other countries, in particular from England, France, Germany and Italy. National traditions, preserved from, have always been of paramount importance for the inhabitants of the Netherlands, however, they actively let external influences through themselves. General stylistic trends in art, especially the Renaissance, were reflected in the art of the Dutch and at the same time received their own interpretation.

The modern direction of Holland

Today, the Dutch style in the interior is preferred by those who do not like complex designs, but strive for comfort, warmth and simplicity. The northern, slightly mysterious country has always been associated with stories about seafaring and tulips. That is why two trends are clearly visible in the Dutch style: marine and floral elements in the interior.

A modern interior in the Dutch style can be recognized by one characteristic feature: the decoration of the house inside and out with red brick. This environmentally friendly material is often used to decorate separate areas in the hallway, living room or kitchen.

Another style feature is the use of different sizes. Currently, the face of Dutch cities is changing, and quite rapidly. However, with all the dynamism and modernization, the architectural direction is still true to its historical traditions. These include wooden shutters, original window decoration, and drainage systems.

Dutch style is suitable for decorating a country house or a summer house. A piece of the Netherlands can be created not only in the house, but also on the site.

Landscaping - gardens

Dutch-style landscaping is especially popular, especially if the area is small. The plants used for arranging the patio and garden are unpretentious and suitable for our climate. Free layout, pastoral color will naturally fit into the countryside space.

Despite the shortage of land, Dutch gardens are bright and cheerful, thanks to the use of variegated flowers, as if scattered in spots on a well-groomed lawn. Evergreen dwarf trees and shrubs are very common: they do not take up much space and do not shade other plants. Herbaceous perennials, mixborders give elegance at any time of the year.

On flat areas, vertugadens and bulingrins (artificial elevations) will be used to give relief to the landscape. This allows you to create terraces and waterfalls.

Patios are decorated with garden objects (a wheelbarrow as a flower pot, a decorative well, a clay pot, animal sculptures, etc.), which makes it possible to imitate the countryside. For paths, natural stone or decorative paving is used. Attention is also paid to the arrangement of arbors entwined with climbing plants. All this beauty is practically not covered by a fence, except perhaps a hedge.

Architecture: old houses, facades

The path of development of Dutch architecture was determined by specific natural conditions and social order. Residents were constantly forced to fight with the ocean, which threatened to flood part of the country. This led to the construction of various dikes and dams, locks and canals. Large cities (Amsterdam, Harlem) are characterized by an abundance of water, greenery, a peculiar kind of buildings that go down almost to the water itself. City buildings (town halls, shopping malls, exchanges, burgher houses) with high, steep roofs, multi-tiered gables on the facades were built of red brick and traditionally finished with white stone.

The second half of the 17th century is the heyday of classicism in the country. The Dutch version of it was more simplified and dry. Baroque and Holland also did not pass by, however, the luxury and beauty of these styles acquired a more functional focus from the Dutch.

Most of the buildings in the Netherlands are striking in their slope. Some of them are tilted forward, others, on the contrary, fall back. The effect of asymmetry is visible everywhere to the naked eye. This is due to the specifics of the soil: the territory is very swampy and it is difficult to drive piles into it. The buildings are mostly three-story, with semi-basements and high ceilings. All buildings differ in their density. The pediments of buildings, as a rule, are made in a triangular style with divisions into tiers. The brickwork contrasts with the white stone. There are elements of carved decor and stucco.

Interior: house projects

The Dutch style in the interior is characterized by moderation and simplicity, convenience and maximum practicality. Behind each item and element lies high functionality. In addition, the peculiarity of the Dutch was their love for unusual things, the exotic.

A Dutch-style room immediately becomes recognizable by features such as:

• large windows, rough textured walls;
• (globes, maps, steering wheels, seascapes, ships, which strongly resembles the Mediterranean style);
• the use of symbols of the Netherlands (tulips, clogs, windmills);
• ceramic tiles with a thematic pattern;
• blue and white crockery ("blue Delft");
• simple wooden furniture.

Color spectrum

Dutch-style houses are light, with bright, cheerful accents of yellow and blue. Typical colors: white, blue, light blue, light gray, yellow, green, brown, brick. The distribution of shades largely depends on the purpose of the room. The kitchen looks great in brown tones. Beige and generally light shades are more suitable for the bedroom. The living room is best decorated in yellow, using brickwork to decorate the fireplace areas and windows. It is better to finish the bathroom with tiles in beige tones with pink and blue splashes.

materials

Preference is given to natural materials (wood, stone, ceramics, glass, brick). They can be interesting to combine. A typical example is the combination of brickwork with granite plaster.

Floor and walls

The most striking feature of the Dutch interior is the decoration of the walls of the rooms with red brick, which goes well with modern appliances and furniture. With the help of brickwork, you can divide the space of the room into zones.

Much attention is paid to the ceiling. Here it is necessary to fix wooden beams that match the color of the floor. If the height of the ceiling does not allow the fastening of the beams, then it is left pure white.

For the floor, dark-colored wooden parquet (or laminate under natural wood) is suitable. The main rule is the darkest shade of the flooring to create a contrast with the furniture, ceiling and walls. Ceramic tiles imitating natural stone will also be suitable for some areas in the house.

Window

The interior in the Dutch style necessarily involves large (often to the floor) windows that are not draped with curtains or curtains. Only thin, light tulle on the windows is allowed. The room should have a lot of light. Classical Dutch windows - "in 9 glasses", that is, divided by a lattice into 9 parts.

Furniture

The Dutch style implies simplicity, so there should be little furniture. And all of it is a little massive, even somewhat rough. Rectilinear strict handmade table, the same chairs side by side with a wooden cabinet for dishes. Behind its doors there are always cups, plates made of blue and white porcelain. Wicker chairs are very appropriate in the interior of the dining room, and more elegant furniture is selected for the bedroom. The living room is primarily associated with a fireplace, it is also necessary to place a sofa there. The main thing is not to litter the space with a lot of furniture. Only what is needed is selected.

Decor and accessories

Marine-themed items are a must-have interior entourage in the Dutch style. In addition, paintings by Dutch artists on the walls, animal horns, original lamps, rugs and handmade carpets will fit in well here. The Dutch are connoisseurs of natural beauty, so vases, jugs, flower pots should be in all rooms. Also, items such as an old chest, a wooden bench, a cast-iron stand are appropriate here.

Dutch interior beauty

conclusions

The Dutch style combines simplicity, comfort, practicality and functionality, just like. This is a fairly calm style, so it will suit people of the same temperament. Travel lovers will also like it: it will create an atmosphere of eternal wanderings on the seas and oceans. Scandinavian style and Dutch.

Today, the Dutch style is successfully used not only for decorating houses, summer cottages, apartments, but also in restaurants, cafes, bars. Such rooms are conducive to a wonderful holiday in an atmosphere of comfort and tranquility. also has the same soothing properties.