Hear past form. Irregular English Verbs

If you have reached the study of verbs, then you have already gone through a lot. But there is still a long road to perfection ahead. The temporary system is based on such a distinction between this part of speech, as correct and incorrect. It is about the latter that we will talk and explain how to quickly learn irregular verbs.

So, we already know that with the passage of time, foreign conquests or other interactions of people, the English language also did not stand aside. This is especially true for verbs. If we study tenses, then we have to delimit according to this category. Irregular Verbs are found in almost every one of them.

Forms of irregular verbs in English

Where to begin? From acquaintance. What types are, when and how they are used. Indeed, when reading a rule, you often stumble upon the expression 2nd form, 3rd. And what is it, we will now consider. Once again, it is worth recalling that there are 3 forms of irregular verbs (some linguists distinguish four).

First form is it an infinitive or first column of the table. It is in this form that the verb is used in the dictionary: run, swim, give. It is used in Present Simple, Future Simple, in interrogative and negative sentences Past Simple.

The second form is this is the simple past tense (Past Simple): ran, swam, gave (second column). In this form, irregular English verbs are used in Past Simple (with the exception of interrogative and negative sentences).

Third form- this is the past participle (Past Participle or Participle II): run, swun, given. This form is the most commonly used verb. At times Perfect, at all times Passive Voice. You will find it in third column of the table.

fourth form is the present participle (Present Participle or Participle I): running, swimming, giving. It is used by the times of the group Continuous and Perfect Continuous. Not all tables contain a fourth column, only some.

When considering sentences with irregular verbs, pay attention to the tense.

How are the main irregular verbs of the English language formed?

It is impossible to clearly determine that these words change in this way, and others - the second or third. But it is still possible to trace a certain trend, and then it will not be a set of words and incomprehensible forms.

1. By changing the vowel at the root of the word: meet - met - met; begin - began - begun.
2. Changing the root and adding a suffix: speak - spoke - spoken; give - gave - given.
3. The ending changes: send - sent - sent; build-built-built.
4. And some verbs are the same in all forms: cut - cut - cut; put - put - put.

How to learn irregular verbs?

Everyone has their own methodology, their own way, which has its pros and cons. But I would like to start by saying a few generally accepted facts. First, learn all three forms at once and with translation. Irregular verbs with translation can be found in almost any grammar book, dictionary, online resources and on our website. The entire table can be downloaded. Don't learn 10 at once, take 5, spread over 3-4 days, do the exercises. Many teach in a row, alphabetically, some in groups (depending on the method of education). I find the second one to be more efficient and easier. Therefore, we will break all the irregular English verbs into groups.

1. Match completely

2. The second and third forms coincide - p-t

3. Matches the second and third forms - d-t

4. The root vowel changes - ew - own

5. A group of verbs with different root vowels

6. Endings aught/ought

7. Vowel alternation

8. Vowel alternation + en ending

9. Alternation, ending en, doubling the consonant

10. The second and third forms coincide

11. Have two options

12. Completely different shapes

Remembering irregular verbs in English at first seems difficult, tedious. But believe me, if you do not reset yourself, learn from the groups that we have provided, you will easily master them. And this is very important! All irregular verbs are very often used in speech. Learn grammar and expand vocabulary.

What rule can't do without? Of course, no exceptions! Irregular verbs in English are also not spared. But, as they say, the irregular verb is not so terrible as it is painted. Today we will deal with different methods of memorizing irregular verbs.

Open any table of irregular verbs ( see at the end of the article) and you will see three columns there. The first column contains verbs in the impersonal, or (only without the to particle). This is what corresponds to Russian verbs ending in -т: draw, write, read - (to) draw, write, read.

The second column is - I drew, wrote, read (yesterday, for example) - drew, wrote, read.

In the third column is the so-called second participle, or past participle.

Note. The first participle corresponds to the Russian –yushchy / -yashchiy: drawing, writing, reading. In English, the first participle ends in -ing. - drawing, writing, rading.

Let's return to the third column, which presents the past participle - it corresponds to the Russian "made" - drawn, written, read. Third column for

• verbs in .

• verb tenses of the Perfect group:

I have already written my essay. I have already written an essay (or “I already have my essay written).

I have read three books this month. I have read three books this month. (Or I have three books read).

Have you ever drawn anything like that? Have you ever drawn anything like this? (Or have you ever had something similar drawn?)

What does "irregular verbs" mean?

Why irregular verbs (irregular verbs) are still “irregular”. The fact is that according to the rules, the so-called second and third forms are built by adding the ending -ed.

I work - I worked yesterday. – I have worked for three companies.

For irregular verbs, the second and third forms are formed in a completely individual way (go - went - gone), or do not change at all (put-put-put).

Memorization methods

• Alphabetically - cramming. Boring and useless.
• Make cards with three forms on one side and a translation on the other. Periodically, when a minute is given out (in transport, in the morning with a cup of coffee, etc.), go through the cards, checking yourself. If you remember, we shift to the second pile, if not, leave it in the first and return later. And so on until there is a confident memorization. When sorting through the cards, try to come up with examples - this is how figurative thinking is connected, it is remembered faster, and words are learned not separately, but in context.
• Poems. More like childish. But in whom does the child not live? If you like it, it causes positive emotions - then why not? Here are examples of such verses

I'm at the buffet buy-bought-bought (buy)
First class sandwich
For him I pay-paid-paid, (pay)
In the classroom in the desk lay-laid-laid (put)
And not at all think-thought-thought, (think)
That his neighbor is smart.
And now I'm very sad
Smell-smelt-smelt it's delicious! (smell)

Look, slingshot Balamut
In your pocket put-put-put (put)
And begin-began-begun (begin)
Hooligan bully!
He's a pillow cut-cut-cut, (cut)
Brother in the bathroom shut-shut-shut, (shut down)
All newspapers light-lit-lit, (set fire)
Dog hit-hit-hit. (beat)
He ring-rang-rung neighbor (call)
And, of course, run-ran-run. (run)
And not at all think-thought-thought, (think)
That the police will come.

Dig-dug-dug we garden (dig)
Come-came-come there people. (to come)
We said: “Go-went-gone, (go, go)
This is not a farce for you.”

We are with enemies fight-fought-fought, (fight, fight)
They are caught in a catch-caught-caught trap. (catch, catch)
Good luck day bring-brought-brought, (bring)
We are a get-got-got award. (receive)

If hares bite-bit-bitten, (bite)
Don't give them eat-ate-eaten, (eat)
They soon learn-learnt-learnt (learn)
Famously matches burn-burnt-burnt. (spark off)

If a friend meet-met-met, (meet)
Its tight keep-kept-kept. (Keep)
Well, what if lose-lost-lost, (lose)
Then he is cost-cost-cost. (cost)

Aircraft fly-flew-flown. (fly)
Our children grow-grew-grown. (grow)
Well, the wind blow-blew-blown, (blow)
He is know-knew-known about everything. (know)

Grandfather and grandmother find-found-found (find)
Basset hound dog breed.
Very close to old people
Dog become-became-become. (become)
Give-give-given grandfather to him (give)
Dear Basturma -
Well, the dog must be fed-fed-fed (feed)
Something delicious for lunch!
Your own fat and cutlets
Old people are not let-let-let. (let)
Now grandma and grandpa
Life is different lead-led-led: (lead)
Grandfather with a smile dozing in the bath,
Grandmother dwell-dwelt-dwelt in a closet, (dwell)
Dog in a lie-lay-lain bed
Just like Saddam Hussein.

We break-broke-broken the old house - (break)
It was very boring.
New house we draw-draw-drawn, (draw)
Build-built-built - and we'll live. (build)

• I like the idea of ​​distributing irregular verbs into groups based on the similarity of the formation of the second and third forms. This makes them much easier to learn.

Table of irregular English verbs:

Group 1 - all three forms are the same

Group 2 - the second and third forms coincide

Group 3 - the second and third forms do not match

• To make the process of memorizing irregular verbs more fun, my students and I make up stories together. That is, one person takes out a card, remembers all the forms and meanings, and then makes up a sentence using the second or third form. The next player takes out a second card and continues the story. As a rule, it turns out very funny. And bright positive emotions, especially laughter, are known to contribute to memorization.

Do not put it off indefinitely - it's better to cut the leaves right now, make cards - and go! And find an accomplice to write stories.

Everyone who has ever sat down at an English textbook knows about such a phenomenon as a list of irregular English verbs. What is this list? It contains verbs that deviate from the standard rules for the formation of past tenses and participles. It is believed that about seventy percent of irregular verbs (the English name of the term) is used in daily speech.

From this we can conclude that knowing the list of irregular verbs in English is simply necessary if you want to speak and understand the interlocutor fluently.

The total number of irregular verbs is about 470 words. Is it possible to learn such a volume? Of course, this is quite real. However, in order for you to feel confident when speaking in English, you only need to know 180 verbs.

Before turning directly to the list itself, we will give some tips on how to achieve the desired knowledge as quickly and efficiently as possible.

Mechanical learning

The technique of mechanical memorization of information is one of the most common techniques. But how effective is it?

When memorizing, we often notice that a large number of words are quickly forgotten, and some even flatly refuse to settle in our long-term memory. In order for this technique to show itself only from the best side, it is necessary to use the learned verbs in practice as often as possible. By the way, listening to them in a movie, program or just a song helps a lot.

Be sure to have a list of irregular English verbs with translation

To begin with, you will have to become familiar with the meaning of each new word. Usually all irregular verbs tables include a translation column, so you don't have to worry about many hours of self-study with a dictionary. After the correct associations with the native language fit in the head, you can safely move on to the formed forms.

Irregular Verbs in Poems

Don't worry - you're not the only student trying to master the full list of English irregular verbs, and your hardships have someone to share. And some craftsmen even try to somehow help.

On the Internet, you can easily find all kinds of poems created specifically for such purposes. They contain a number of the most common verbs, skillfully built into the overall rhyme and tone of the work. And there are also many funny associations, so remembering the necessary information will be even easier.

using irregular verbs

Games can be played not only by children, but also by adults. And if it comes to learning a foreign language, then games are one of the most effective ways of memorizing. You can also find ready-made options on the Internet. Usually these are flash cards, various animations or mini-games, accompanied by sound examples. If you don’t really want to play on a computer, then you can easily do something with your own hands, for example, the same cards. If you have an English learning partner, then an analogue of a word game or the creation of dialogues consisting of irregular verbs would be appropriate.

Meet Irregular Verbs

Having told a little about the methods of memorization, we move on to the most important thing. So, we present you a list of irregular English verbs with translation.

Alphabetical verbs (a, b, c, d)

Verbs starting with a:

abide - abode - abided - stay, hold on;

arise - arose - arisen - rise, arise;

awake-awoke-awaked; awoke - wake up, wake up.

For the letter b:

backbite - backbitten - backbitten - slander;

backslide - backslid - backslid - fall off;

be - was (were) - been - to be, to be;

bear - bore - born - carry, be born;

beat - beat - beaten - beat;

become - became - become - become, become;

befall - befell - befallen - happen;

beget - begot (begat) - begotten - generate;

begin - began - begun - begin;

begird - begirt - begirt - encircle;

behold - beheld - beheld - to mature;

bend - bent - bent - bend (sya);

bereave - bereft (bereaved) - bereft (bereaved) - deprive;

beseech - besought (beseeched) - b-esought (beseeched) - beg, beg;

beset - beset - beset - besiege;

bespeak - bespoke - bespoken - order;

bespit - bespat - bespat - spit;

bestride - bestrode - bestridden - sit down, sit on horseback;

bet - bet (betted) - bet (betted) - bet;

betake - betook - betaken - to be accepted, sent;

bid - bad (bade) - bid (bidden) - command, ask;

bind - bound - bound - bind;

bite - bit - bit (bitten) - bite;

bleed - bled - bled - bleed;

bless - blessed - blessed (blest) - bless;

blow - blew - blown (blowed) - blow;

break - broke - broken - (c) break;

breed - bred - bred - grow;

bring - brought - brought - bring;

broadcast - broadcast - broadcast - distribute, scatter;

browbeat - browbeat - browbeaten - scare;

build - built - built - build;

burn - burnt (burned) - burnt (burned) - burn, burn;

burst - burst - burst - burst, explode;

bust - bust (busted) - bust (busted) - split (someone);

buy - bought - bought - buy.

Verbs starting with:

can - could - could - be able, be able;

catch - caught - caught - catch, catch;

choose - chose - chosen - choose;

cleave - clove (cleft, cleaved) - cloven (cleft, cleaved) - dissect;

cling - clung - clung - cling to, cling to;

come - came - come - come;

cost - cost - cost - cost;

creep - crept - crept - crawl;

cut - cut - cut - cut.

Verbs starting with d:

dare - durst (dared) - dared - dare;

deal - dealt - dealt - deal;

dig - dug - dug - dig;

dive - dived (dove) - dived - dive, dive;

do - did - done - do;

draw - drew - drawn - draw, drag;

dream - dream (dreamed) - dream (dreamed) - sleep, dream;

drink - drank - drunk - drink,

drive - drove - driven - drive, drive;

dwell - dwelt - dwelt - dwell, linger.

Alphabet continuation (e, g, f, h)

Verbs starting with e:

eat - ate - eaten - eat, eat.

Verbs starting with f:

fall - fell - fallen - fall;

feed - fed - fed - feed;

feel - felt - felt - feel;

fight - fought - fought - fight;

find - found - found - find;

flee - fled - fled - run away, escape;

floodlight - floodlighted (floodlit) - floodlighted (floodlit) - shine with a spotlight;

fly - flew - flown - fly;

forbear - forbore - forborne - refrain;

forbid - forbad (forbade) - forbidden - to forbid;

forecast - forecast (forecasted) - forecast (forecasted) - predict;

foresee - foresaw - foreseen - to foresee;

forget - forgot - forgotten - forget;

forgive - forgave - forgiven - forgive;

forsake - forsook - forsaken - leave;

forswear - forswore - forsworn - renounce;

freeze - froze - frozen - freeze, freeze.

Verbs starting with g:

gainsay - gainsaid - gainsaid - deny, contradict;

get - got - got - get;

gird - girded (girt) - girded (girt) - encircle;

give - gave - given - give;

go - went - gone - go, leave;

grave - graved - graved (graven) - engrave;

grind - ground - ground - sharpen, grind;

grow - grew - grown - grow.

Verbs starting with h:

hang - hung (hanged) - hung (hanged) - hang;

have - had - had - to have;

hear - heard - heard - hear;

hew - hewed - hewed; hewn - chop, hew;

hide - hid - hidden - hide (sya);

hit - hit - hit - hit, hit;

hold - held - held - hold;

hurt - hurt - hurt - deliver pain, offend.

Second part of the alphabet

Verbs starting with i:

inlay - inlaid - inlaid - invest, line;

input - input (inputted) - input (inputted) - enter;

inset - inset - inset - insert, invest;

interweave - interwove - interwoven - weave, cover with a pattern.

Verbs starting with k:

keep - kept - kept - store;

ken - kenned (kent) - kenned - know, recognize by sight;

kneel - knelt (kneeled) - knelt (kneeled) - kneel;

knit - knit (knitted) - knit (knitted) - knit;

know - knew - known - to know.

Verbs starting with l:

lade - laded - laded (laden) - load;

lay - laid - laid - put, put;

lead - led - led - lead;

lean - lean (leaned) - leant (leaned) - lean, lean;

leap - leapt (leaped) - leapt (leaped) - jump;

learn - learned (learned) - learned (learned) - to teach;

leave - left - left - throw;

lend - lent - lent - lend;

let - let - let - let go, give;

lie - lay - lain - lie;

light - lit (lighted) - lit (lighted) - illuminate;

lose - lost - lost - lose.

m verbs:

make - made - made - create;

may - might - might - be able, be able;

mean - meant - meant - have a meaning;

meet - met - met - meet;

miscast - miscast - miscast - it is wrong to distribute roles;

mishear - misheard - misheard - misheard;

mishit - mishit - mishit - to miss;

mislay - mislaid - mislaid - put in another place;

mislead - misled - misled - confuse;

misread - misread - misread - misinterpret;

misspell - misspelt (misspeled) - misspelt (misspeled) - write with errors;

misspend - misspent - misspent - save;

misunderstand - misunderstood - misunderstood - misunderstand;

mow - mowed - mown (mowed) - cut (lawn).

Verbs starting with r:

rid - rid (ridded) - rid (ridded) - get rid of;

ride - rode - ridden - ride;

ring - rang - rung - call;

rise - rose - risen - rise;

run - ran - run - run, flow.

Verbs starting with s:

saw - sawed - sawn (sawed) - to saw;

say - said - said - to speak, to say;

see - saw - seen - see;

seek - sought - sought - to search;

sell - sold - sold - trade;

send - sent - sent - send;

set - set - set - install;

shake - shook - shaken - shake;

shave - shaved - shaved (shaven) - shave (Xia);

shed - shed - shed - shed;

shine - shone (shined) - shone (shined) - shine, shine;

shoot - shot - shot - shoot, shoot;

show - showed - shown (showed) - show;

shut - shut - shut - slam;

sing - sang - sung - sing;

sink - sank - sunk - sink, sink, sink;

sit - sat - sat - sit;

sleep - slept - slept - sleep;

slide - slide - slide - slide;

slit - slit - slit - tear, cut;

smell - smelt (smelled) - smelt (smelled) - smell, smell;

speak - spoken - spoken - conduct a conversation;

speed - sped (speeded) - sped (speeded) - accelerate, hurry;

spell - spelt (spelled) - spell (spelled) - write or read, pronouncing each letter;

spend - spent - spent - spend;

spill - spilt (spilled) - spilt (spilled) - spill;

spin - spun (span) - spun - spin;

spit - spat (spit) - spat (spit) - spit;

split - split - split - split (sya);

spoil - spoilt (spoiled) - spoilt (spoiled) - spoil;

spotlight - spotlit (spotlighted) - spotlit (spotlighted) - illuminate;

spread - spread - spread - spread;

stand - stood - stood - stand;

steal - stole - stolen - steal;

stick - stuck - stuck - prick, glue;

sting - stung - stung - sting;

stink-stank; stunk - stunk - smell unpleasant;

strike - struck - struck - to beat, beat, strike;

swear - swore - sworn - swear, take an oath;

swell - swelled - swollen (swelled) - swell;

swim - swam - swum - swim;

swing - swung - swung - swing.

Verbs starting with t:

take - took - taken - take, take;

teach - taught - taught - learn;

tear - tore - torn - break;

tell - told - told - tell, say;

think - thought - thought - think;

throw - threw - thrown - throw.

Verbs starting with w:

wake - woke (waked) - woken (waked) - wake up, wake up;

wear - wore - worn - wear (clothes);

weave - wove (weaved) - woven (weaved) - weave;

wed - wed (wedded) - wed (wedded) - to marry;

weep - wept - wept - cry;

wet - wet (wetted) - wet (wetted) - wet, moisturize;

win - won - won - win;

wind - wound - wound - start (mechanism);

write - wrote - written - write.

We hope that after reading the article, English has become a little clearer for you.

Here you can find a table of irregular English verbs with translation into Russian and transcription, videos on learning and memorizing irregular verbs, links.

In English, there is a special category of verbs that does not follow the generally accepted rules when forming the past participle. They are called "wrong". Unlike “regular” verbs, to which the ending –ed is added to form the past participle, these verbs either remain unchanged or take unusual forms that are not always easy to remember. For example:

put - put - put;
drive - driven - driven.

If the first verb is easy to learn and use in sentences, then the second has to be learned directly by memorization.

Where did such difficulties with some verbs come from? Scientists have come to the conclusion that these are some kind of "fossils" that have remained in the language since ancient times. During its development, the English language adopted a large number of words from other European languages, but some words remained unchanged. Irregular verbs fall into this category.

Table of irregular English verbs:

Video on learning and memorizing irregular English verbs:

Top 100 irregular verbs in English.

In this video, the author analyzes the most popular irregular verbs in English (top 100 compiled by himself). Examples are given for all irregular verbs, voice acting, etc. The most used irregular verbs come first, followed by the less used ones.

Pronunciation of irregular English verbs.

British Irregular English Verbs. The author makes it possible to repeat after him and thus hone the correct pronunciation of irregular verbs.

Learning irregular English verbs with the help of rap.

An interesting video for learning irregular English verbs superimposed on rap.

Examples of the use of irregular verbs: