What steel are handcuffs made of? Use of handcuffs in hand-to-hand combat. Completion and packaging

) today, almost everyone can protect themselves from a surprise attack. After all, they allow you to maintain peace of mind and psychological comfort in our turbulent times, to be confident in your own safety and the safety of your loved ones.

And among the rich assortment you can see handcuffs of various models, which are distinguished by their simplicity of design and have a lot of positive feedback from their owners.

Among the variety of models of handcuffs, one should separately dwell on the galvanized handcuffs of the BRS model, which combine such important parameters as compactness, light weight and reliability in use. Differing from analogues in the availability of cost and a number of technical data, this model has proven itself as a reliable means of fixing and limiting activity.

To quickly put on these handcuffs, immobilizing the attacker's hands for the required time, while using a lock of increased complexity without causing serious damage to a person - this is how their owners describe the specifics of using BRS 1, 2, 3 handcuffs.

An overview of the BRS-2 handcuffs is presented in the video below:

Advantages and disadvantages

The most important qualities of any handcuffs should be considered an indicator of their reliability, because since their main purpose is to temporarily immobilize the enemy and fix his hands, the degree of reliability of the material from which they are made and the complexity of the built-in lock determine this indicator. Modern materials used for the manufacture of any model of handcuffs necessarily have a high degree of strength, combined with the possibility of their operation in all weather conditions.

And the considered model compares favorably with analogues precisely by the indicator of strength and rigidity of the metal from which they are made. The galvanized surface ensures that there is no possibility of rust formation.

Also, the advantages of the BRS 1, 2, 3 model include the following characteristics:

• appearance, which, with its solidity and workmanship, already inspires respect for this product. The handcuff rings do not have external flaws and places of deformation, which is especially important for ensuring the safety of the skin of the hands, since any unevenness of the surface can cause mechanical damage to the skin of the hands;
• the possibility of fixing the handcuffs in a certain position, allowing you to place your hands in them in such a way as not to disturb blood circulation and prevent the possibility of slipping out of the hand from the ring of handcuffs;
• the lock has an increased degree of complexity, which also increases the level of reliability of the model;
• the kit, in addition to one steel key, instructions for use and cardboard packaging, also includes a case molded for the possibility of wearing handcuffs on the belt if necessary.

The relatively small mass of the handcuffs ensures comfort when moving and carrying them, and the compact size allows you to carry them even in your pocket or in a small bag.

The disadvantages, according to the reviews of the owners of this model, include the tangible cost of BRS handcuffs: in comparison with similar models, they are somewhat more expensive, but their price still allows you to purchase them even with a limited purchase budget. Also, the presence of only one key for handcuffs in the kit can be called a disadvantage: if it is lost, the possibility of using handcuffs is lost, therefore it is recommended to make a duplicate of the existing key before using them.

Handcuffs BRS-2 (photo)

purpose

Steel handcuffs are intended to limit the possibility of committing actions of a person who violates the laws of the country and poses a danger to others.

• Fixing handcuffs on the hands can significantly prevent the possibility of committing unlawful acts.
• And the ability to install handcuffs in a certain position provides simplicity and convenience of their use, and also guarantees the reliability of limiting the activity of an intruder.
• In addition to restricting the freedom of a person who violates the law and may threaten others, handcuffs of the BRS 1, 2 and 3 models can also be used for domestic and household purposes.
• For fans of extreme sports, handcuffs are used in sexual games - this is considered normal with the mutual consent of the parties involved and without causing bodily harm.

Varieties

Among all the handcuffs on sale today, the BRS model can be called the most popular and in demand, since it has a lot of positive characteristics with a minimum number of disadvantages.

The varieties of the model under consideration include galvanized handcuffs BRS 1, as well as 2 and 3. They differ in the type of lock installed and the method of their fixation, however, they all have a similar appearance and are distinguished by a high degree of reliability.

This video will tell you how the models BRS-1 and 2 differ:

Specifications

Representing a modern and easy-to-use model, BRS handcuffs of all varieties have the highest technical characteristics. The table below shows the main ones.

Specifications	Handcuffs BRS 1, 2, 3 galvanized
Production material	Stainless steel with galvanized surface
Mass of handcuffs	380 g
Number of links	Two-link
Equipment	Handcuffs, one steel key, cardboard packaging, instructions in Russian. The extended kit also includes an open molded belt pouch.
Number of openings	At least 4,000 times
Ring coverage	75 mm
Warranty period	5 years

Since handcuffs of any kind are not classified as weapons, their sale and purchase is not limited by law.

The device of galvanized handcuffs BRS-1, 2, 3

The simplicity of the device ensures that there are no difficulties when using handcuffs.

• Two rings of increased rigidity made of the most mechanically resistant metal (stainless steel) with a galvanized surface are interconnected by two links. Rigid fixation allows you to guarantee the reliability of the device.
• Between the rings of the handcuffs is a mortise lock, which comes with one key (also made of stainless steel). The location of the lock is such that when fixing hands in handcuffs, it is impossible to reach it with your hands.

Completion and packaging

When selling handcuffs model BRS 1, 2, 3 are presented in the following configuration:

• the handcuffs themselves;
• one key;
• instruction;
• cardboard packaging.

However, in a more advanced configuration, an open figured case can also be included in the initial set - it is convenient to wear handcuffs on your belt with it. Detailed instructions allow you to understand the design of the device and operate it correctly.

How to use

The simple mechanism of handcuffs allows them to be used without special technical skills.

1. Before putting on the handcuff rings, open them as wide as possible.
2. After fixing on the hands, the rings snap into place and are placed in the required position, which ensures the reliability of their fixation.

The size of the handcuffs (their coverage) ensures a comfortable position of the hands in the rings, the smooth inner surface of the rings ensures that there is no mechanical damage to the skin of the hands during fixation.

Automatically closed handcuffs connect the hands together and do not allow the attacker to perform any active actions. is necessary with the supplied key: the mortise lock, which has an increased level of complexity, opens effortlessly.

Read about the prices and reviews of handcuffs 1, 2, and 3 BRS below.

Product prices

The cost of this model of handcuffs, according to many buyers, is somewhat overpriced. However, the combination of excellent technical characteristics and a high degree of reliability of both the material of manufacture and the mechanism of the handcuffs explains this indicator: the price of the product varies depending on the seller from 980 to 1,450 rubles.

Handcuffs are an essential attribute of representatives of security and law enforcement agencies. Proper use of these special means allows you to quickly limit the physical ability of a detainee who is physically resisting or committing unlawful acts. Classic handcuffs are two metal bracelets connected by two welded chain links. The locking part of the handcuffs allows them to snap into place without the use of a key, and also to fix the latch from further pinching.

Handcuffs: metal rings connected by a chain, worn on the hands of criminals, prisoners

Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

In 1912, a revolution took place in the manufacture of handcuffs. Before that, they, frankly, most of all resembled a padlock. But the Peerless engineers decided that this was not enough, and in order to shackle a person securely, an individual approach is needed. So there was a design with a shackle that turned through. Now the handcuffs could be adjusted to the size of the hands of each individual person. In addition, a ratchet mechanism was used in the handcuffs, the principle of which is based on the fact that the upper shackle of the handcuffs could freely rotate only in one direction, and vice versa only if the ratchet is held by the key.

What are handcuffs?

Classic handcuffs are two metal bracelets connected by two welded chain links. The locking part of the handcuffs allows them to snap into place without the use of a key, as well as to fix the latch from further unnecessary and even dangerous pinching.
The size of the handcuffs allows them to be used on an arbitrarily small hand (we are talking about adults), because. in the extreme position, the arms are compressed to an oval with sides of 5 and 4.5 cm, but they can also be snapped on to fairly large wrists or even to the ankle. When worn on a belt, a case is used to carry handcuffs.

Handcuffs "BR-S", "BR-S2", "BCS-1", "BOS" are included in the list of special means used in private security activities.

Name of handcuffs	Appearance	Short description
		operational handcuffs, two-link (complete with one key, fixed in a given position)
		operational handcuffs, two-link (with a lock of increased complexity, complete with two keys, fixed in a given position). The key is non-standard - flat, the flag is bifurcated. Handcuffs "BRS-2" are produced in two versions, blued and nickel-plated, two-link complete with two keys, with a lock of increased complexity, with fixation in a given position. certificate of conformity No. ROSS RU.СЗ09.Н00846; No. 0101351, Issued by: NPO "Tekhnika" of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Weight: 380gr. Of the advantages - the latch is divided into two parts and there is a jumper between them in the lock, which makes it impossible to press both latches with something simple like a paper clip. The disadvantage is that the keyhole goes out on both sides, which reduces the resistance to opening.
		Special escort handcuffs are produced in three modifications: BKS-1 "Tenderness-1" - special escort handcuffs with a connecting chain. They remain operational after applying a tensile load of at least 1500 N for 30 seconds. Semi-rigid hinged fastening of links. Automatic latch. The transverse breaking force of the engagement of the swivel bracket is not less than 2500 N. The number of operations is not less than 5,000 cycles. The ratchet mechanism of the products is made with a negative angle of engagement of the teeth (with undercut), which ensures operation on the "shark tooth" principle. The increased angle of the back sliding plane of the tooth ensures easier snapping, increases the mechanical strength of the engagement and resistance to wear. BKS-1 "Prikol" - handcuffs with fixed fastening BKS-1 "Bouquet" - escort handcuffs for 5 people
		operational special handcuffs (with a rigid system for attaching bracelets to each other)

Conditions for use and storage of handcuffs:

Operate at temperatures from -30 to + 40°C; the product must be stored in a package in a closed room with an air temperature of +5 C to +40 C and a relative humidity of not more than 80%

Avoid joint storage with acids, alkalis and other substances that are aggressive towards metals;

During operation, one should take into account the degree of rigidity of the structure and the reliability of fixing each type of handcuffs, determined by the type of locks and connecting devices between the bracelets.

How to put on handcuffs

Ways of using handcuffs are determined in the process of solving specific problems, for example, when delivering (escorting, escorting) handcuffs. Other, more restrictive measures of restraint may be used to prevent violent behavior, including shackling the arms, legs, and torso. As a rule, handcuffs are put on the hands behind the back (when delivering the offender by transport, handcuffs are put on in the front position).
Putting on handcuffs is used, as a rule, after painful holds and throws or under the threat of a firearm.

Handcuffs can be worn on the opponent in a standing, lying, kneeling position.

When putting on handcuffs, regardless of the position of the enemy, a number of rules must be observed:

1. before putting on handcuffs, you should use forceful measures or the threat of force to force your opponent into a position that is convenient for their use and makes it difficult for him to attack you
2. the opponent must be tightly pressed with his chest and stomach to the ground, wall, etc.
3. to put on handcuffs, hands are alternately wound behind the back, and they are subjected to pain
4. when putting on handcuffs, it is necessary that the locking device adjoins the inner surface of the wrist, and the sector rotates in such a direction as to exclude the possibility of it catching on clothes or the body

Putting on handcuffs, you must be on the side of the enemy, out of reach of the legs. It is dangerous to handcuff only one hand of the detainee while holding the other in his hand, as he can use this position to strike.
For a more reliable restriction of movement, the following hand positions are used when handcuffing (tying):

• hands behind the back, hands one above the other
• hands behind the back, hands pressed one to the other with the back side

The first thing a person encounters when he finds himself “on the other side of the law” is handcuffs. First of all, criminals are associated with this accessory of unfreedom, but in the last year, many 20-30-year-old city dwellers, participants in civil protests, managed to get acquainted with it. Details about the symbol of unfreedom.

It is difficult to separate the punishment from the addition in the form of physical pain. What would be non-corporal punishment? So, in the modern mechanisms of criminal justice, there is a trace of public "torture" executions - a trace that has not been completely eliminated.

Michel Foucault. "Supervise and Punish"

What is a prison in the view of the layman? A gloomy house filled with criminals and scoundrels. Fences with barbed wire, bars on the windows and the sky only in the "cell". But there is another symbol of this place - small, compact, which is literally "always with you." While you are under arrest, no matter where you are: in an ambulance, like Sergei Magnitsky, or at the announcement of the verdict, like the girls from the Pussy Riot group, handcuffs will always remind you of your status.

Worst of all, when handcuffed are led up the stairs - it's time to panic. Not even the hour, stumble or slip: you can fall and hurt your hands, even break - because you can neither group, nor even lean on your hand. But handcuffs will create a lot of inconvenience for you everywhere you go. Their use is the statutory duty of the escort, but it is also a way of psychological pressure on the prisoner.

It is unlikely that the author will be able to remember when the handcuffs were first fastened on his hands, but he will never forget the moment when these handcuffs were removed from him for the last time: you could finally stretch your stiff hands, put them in your pocket or fold them on your chest, you can just not to think that cold metal does not allow you to feel free, at least within the boundaries of your own body.

Ringing shackled

It is believed that the first handcuffs appeared after iron was invented, but long before that their function was performed by wooden blocks, which, even after the appearance of iron handcuffs and shackles, did not disappear anywhere and were used, for example, in Russia until 1827. The first mention of stocks - in the Utrecht Psalter - dates back to about 820. So the pads have worked for about a thousand years.

The prisoners were chained right in the cells. So, in 1775, Emelyan Pugachev was kept in stocks in the Butyrka prison (one of the towers of the Butyrka prison castle is still called Pugachevskaya). In the first half of the 19th century, pads were abolished in Russia due to the frequent deaths of prisoners, and by the middle of the 19th century, most European countries had abandoned their use.

The first mass batch of iron handcuffs, vaguely reminiscent of modern ones, was produced at the beginning of the 16th century, and until the 19th century they were iron fetters in which a person was literally chained - hence the expression "to chain in bracelets." The hands were placed in iron rings fastened together with a chain, the steel pin was heated and the rings were riveted tightly with a hammer. Prisoners wore such shackles all the time, and it was impossible to get rid of them without the help of an outsider armed with a chisel and a hammer.

At the beginning of the 19th century, the English company Hiatt produced the first handcuffs with a lock and key called Darby. The mechanism of these handcuffs was very simple and resembled latches on door locks - the handcuffs shackle was latched with a spring. In Russia at that time, arrested prisoners were kept in shackles. “It is clear that the sovereign loves music, because he tied such chimes to me,” Decembrist Mikhail Lunin, who died in prison in 1845, joked. Darby type handcuffs were used until the 21st century by police in third world countries, mainly in India and Pakistan.

A significant disadvantage of this model was that the size of the bracelets could not be adjusted, there were several modifications of three diameters: large for men, medium for women and small for children. The first company to manufacture and patent adjustable size handcuffs was the American firm Tower in 1862. The appearance of such handcuffs allowed law enforcement officers to carry only one set of them, and not several different options.

Later, the Americans from the Bean company upgraded these handcuffs by adding a fuse against unauthorized fastening - a button to turn on the lock, which allowed the handcuffs to be worn closed, but not latched. A technological boom in this industry occurred in 1912, when the engineers of the Peerless company from Springfield developed a completely new model of bracelets. From now on, the design acquired an upper bow, which scrolled through the handcuff, if there was no hand in it, which suggested an individual approach to each of the arrested. For the first time, it became possible to adjust the size of the handcuffs - the mechanism allowed the shackle to "go" forward, and the latch blocked the backward movement. This universal scheme is still in use today, and all modern models are varieties of the first Peerless Handcuffs.

Well, what was the city house of the thirties of the last century? Brick walls, tin orshinglesroofs, wood attic and interfloor ceilings. So, the designers of ZAB-500 provided for an explosion at an altitude of 300 meters. At the same time, 300-gram thermite balls gained speed sufficient to break through both tiles and roofing sheet. The air defense officer on duty with tongs and a box of sand was powerless against them - the products created in 1939 by the specialists of NII-6 of the People's Commissariat of Ammunition burned for 18-20 seconds, developing a temperature of 2000 to 2500 degrees Celsius. It is enough to take care of everything that could burn.

"Weasel" or "Crab"?

It is difficult to say how many different variations of handcuffs exist in the world now. Stan Willis, an American with a Guinness World Record, has amassed a collection of about 1,500 handcuffs at his home and says his collection continues to grow with new ones.

Almost every major country produces its own models, or even several. The main producers of "means to restrict mobility" are the United States, England, Germany, France, Spain, Korea and Russia. One of the domestic manufacturers of handcuffs is NPO Spetsmaterialy, where special items are given unusual names, such as Tenderness or Weasel. There are also samples that are called more severely: "Crab", "Mole" or "BOS". The average cost of handcuffs is about 650 rubles.

The first domestic handcuffs of a modern design were made in the 30s and were called "BR" - hand bracelets. They were modified several times, but in general there were no major changes. Russian handcuffs are operational and escort. Operational handcuffs differ from escort handcuffs in appearance, and most importantly, in the way the shackles are fastened together.

In simple operational handcuffs, which are usually used by police officers, the arms can be freely moved, they can even be folded on their knees. Convoy handcuffs are connected by hinges instead of a short chain, which severely restricts freedom of movement. In escort "butterflies", as the prisoners called them for their appearance, they have to keep their hands constantly in one position. Hands often swell from such handcuffs, mechanical damage appears on the wrists, since the edges of the bracelets are quite rough.

Watch your hands

Let's say you're in a bad situation and handcuffed - let's say it was done by street hooligans. First and foremost, don't try to pull your hands out of clasped bracelets. You can injure yourself, in addition, some models tend to tighten more when trying to free themselves. We must remember something else: in most cases, the keys to the handcuffs are the same and can open any product of this series.

If you don’t have a key, then you can try to open them with the help of improvised means - wire, a steel clip or a flattened pin. In order to make a master key, you need to take a piece of steel wire or a simple paper clip, bend its tip (literally 2-3 mm) at 90 degrees - a kind of letter "g" - and stick it through the keyhole.

After that, you need to be patient and start slowly turning the hook around the pin - like a key when opening a lock. Gradually, your efforts will be crowned with success. There is another way: you need to flatten a large pin and insert this iron strip between the bracelet itself and the fastening arc.

So you can press the latch, and the shackles will automatically collapse. If you find yourself in handcuffs, but have not lost the opportunity to use a construction tool, then you can open the handcuffs with the help of many useful devices: hacksaws, hydraulic shears, autogenous or grinders.

Although there are people who can simply break the chain between the bracelets.

From steel to plastic

The use of special equipment in Russia is regulated by the law "On Police", in accordance with Art. 21 police officers have the right, if necessary, to use handcuffs. However, this need is determined by the situation and, in essence, remains at the discretion of the employee. For example, a refusal to enter the police station can be qualified both as resistance and as an attempt to hide. And on the example of the dispersal of the action on May 6 on Bolotnaya Square, one can also note another reason for the use of handcuffs: in order to suppress mass riots and other illegal actions. Or "to limit the mobility of a person committing an administrative offense."

In the world, there are several options for the behavior of police officers during detention. In an interview with The New Times, Eric Sisko, a foreman of the investigative department of the gendarmerie of Paris, said that unlike, say, America, where handcuffs are used all the time, in France they are worn only in extreme cases, when the detainee poses a danger to the police. There can be no question of using them in court at all - this is expressly prohibited by the instructions. It is not allowed to photograph or publish photos of those arrested in handcuffs, unless they are already convicted - this would be a violation of the presumption of innocence.

According to Monsieur Sisko, police officers sometimes use handcuffs to physically influence detainees, although this is prohibited. The courts often deal with lawsuits by detainees against police officers, alleging that the handcuffs were used illegally or were fastened too tightly so as to cause pain while moving. “To avoid such cases, the police try to use handcuffs as little as possible: this is not a tool of torture, but the protection of the police officer from violence by the arrested person,” says Petty Officer Eric Sisko.

The Anglo-Saxon model of police behavior is different: handcuffs can be put on a person if this is prescribed by law and police regulations, which oblige police officers to take care of their own safety. For example, in America, when detaining citizens suspected of committing minor crimes - say, petty hooliganism or drunk driving, the policeman most likely uses bracelets, but plastic ones. They essentially perform the same function as handcuffs. But they are cheaper and lighter. In recent years, Plastiсuffs have become popular with riot police during demonstrations where large numbers of detainees are theoretically possible.

In Moscow, in Lefortovo, at the Vvedensky cemetery, there is a grave, the fence of which is hung with shackles. Fyodor Petrovich Gaaz, the chief doctor of Moscow prisons, is buried here, who went down in history as a man who sought to make life easier for prisoners. Including achieved the abolition of shackles for the sick and the elderly. Thanks to him, lightweight "Gaaz" shackles appeared, lined with leather from the inside. Today, former prisoners go to his grave and bring flowers, and during the funeral in 1853, almost 20 thousand people went to the Vvedensky mountains behind the coffin.

There is even a legend that the monument on the grave of the "holy doctor" was erected with funds raised by former convicts. Surprisingly, one of the holders of the Dr. Haaz medal is a man whom the prisoners called the “doctor of death” - Dmitry Kratov, deputy head of SIZO-2 “Butyrka” for medical purposes. He is one of those who are guilty of the fact that the lawyer Sergei Magnitsky died in prison. Died in handcuffs.

The first handcuffs were handcuffed by one person to another immediately after iron was invented. Of course, at first they did not at all resemble those that we now see on the guards. They were simply iron rings connected by a chain. It is more correct to call such products shackles. They did not have locks, they were riveted by heating the pin on the fire, inserting it into the eyes of the bracelets and flattening the ends with a hammer. Of course, there were no keys either - there were a chisel and a hammer. You can look at them in more detail on the page how to make shackles. In our time, a collapsible connection is more common. For example, a bolt with a nut or just a padlock.

History tells us that the first mass batch of steel bracelets came out at the beginning of the 16th century. Until the 19th century, there was no hint of automation in handcuffs. They were precisely "shackled" in them, mainly using a hammer and an anvil. There are also known options for the use of shackles with closing them with padlocks of various designs. But finally, at the beginning of the 19th century, when scientific and technological progress was briskly striding across Europe, some bright head, presumably from the Hiatt company, which had already been working since 1780, managed to come up with handcuffs with a built-in lock. By the way, then the handcuffs were called "Darby", in translation - "hand shackles". The spring allowed the stopper to automatically block the shackle of the handcuffs. This principle is also applied in door lock latches - the door can latch by itself, but to open it, you need a key or pressing the handle.

Fig.2

Similar handcuffs are still used by the police of third countries. Mainly India and Pakistan. By the way, it was in handcuffs like Darby that Leonardo DiCaprio starred in Titanic - this model (of handcuffs, not DiCaprio, of course) successfully survived until the beginning of the twenty-first century. Darby could be put on both hands and feet. It was not very easy to get out of such bracelets, but they had one significant drawback - the size was not regulated, which is now partially eliminated, but still the diameter of the ring is regulated within relatively narrow limits, incomparable with modern models.

A person with small hands could easily slip out of Darby. Therefore, manufacturers were forced to eventually produce at least three different sizes. The largest ones (they were produced in the largest batches) were of course intended for men, the medium ones for women and, finally, the smallest ones for juvenile delinquents. By the way, children's handcuffs were also used to shackle fragile women with thin brushes. It is for these now hunted by collectors around the world. Not for women, no. For handcuffs. Well, maybe someone is after women ...

In 1862, there was a breakthrough in the design of handcuffs. The first handcuffs appear, the size of which is adjustable. This saves the servants of the law from the need to have at their disposal a whole set of different-sized bracelets. Now there are universal ones that are suitable for hands of any size. The first company that invented and patented this solution was the American company Tower.

Fig.3

At that time, there was still no single standard in the production of handcuffs, and each company had its own approach to the question of how to ensure a change in the diameter of the bracelet ring. There was no single form and design of handcuffs. Therefore, many different original models appeared.

fig.4

fig.5

fig.6

Some time later, the first hard handcuffs were invented. The rings of which did not have the usual connection between a chain.

fig.8

From excessive tightening, the handcuffs were fixed by turning the key in the lock.

On the face was the problem of the operational use of handcuffs. They had to be kept constantly open for this, and they became oversized. Bean even developed a special mechanism in the form of a side safety button on the case - which kept the handcuff latch from locking the shackle. But these decisions were not very successful. And in 1912, a revolution took place in the production of handcuffs. Before that, to be honest, they were more like a padlock. But the Peerless engineers decided that this was not enough, and in order to shackle a person securely, an individual approach is needed. So there was a design with an upper bow that turned through.

fig.9

A ratchet mechanism was used in the handcuffs, the principle of which is based on the fact that the upper shackle of the handcuffs could freely rotate only in one direction, but not in the opposite direction - the shackle teeth were held by the teeth of a spring-loaded ratchet. This is clearly visible on the x-ray. It also shows the principle of operation of the latch - an indispensable attribute of any modern handcuffs. This scheme is implemented one way or another in all models of modern handcuffs.

fig.10

This improved four important properties of handcuffs.

Now the handcuffs could be easily adjusted to the size of the hands of each individual in a wide range.

Handcuffs were always ready for use. They did not have to be opened or worn constantly unbuttoned in order to quickly put on a criminal. It was enough to lightly hit the detainee's arm with the upper bow, and the bow, by inertia, made a full turn, snapping into several teeth. It only remained to press it to the desired size.

Handcuffs have become more aesthetic, lighter and more ergonomic. They are discreetly and conveniently located in a pocket or on a belt.

Beautiful elegant handcuffs looked even more erotic on the girls. :-)

In addition, the new handcuffs were able to fix the shackle in the desired position not by turning the key, as before, but by an external lock, which again simplified manipulations with them.

In 1932, the Peerless company finalized the design of the new handcuffs. Since then, the whole world has been walking in them. So far, the principle of operation and their structure have not changed.

fig.11

For example, the Russian Scientific and Production Association "Spetsmaterialy" from St. Petersburg produces a copy of the Peerless model, but not very successful in terms of secrecy - the handcuffs are easily opened with a pin or a paper clip. Although, by the way, this is the most elegant and lightest model of our handcuffs, but it has already been discontinued. Further, the company decided to follow its own original path, which did not have the best effect on the quality and functionality of its products. In Russia, the handcuffs of this company are wittily called the common word "Tenderness".

In our country, the production of handcuffs was established only in the 30s. The first model was the BR handcuffs, which, with minor changes, have survived to this day and are still used by law enforcement agencies, but have already been discontinued and replaced by a new model of the BR.

Since then, the history of the development of handcuffs has made a turn after a turn, new models appear, but in essence no one can offer something radically new. It is very difficult to overcome the high level of functionality-price-quality. And it is unlikely that in the near future we will be able to see some fundamentally new and unusual models. Except in science fiction films.

However, handcuffs are not toys and require some skill and safety precautions. Have you often seen in action films how, on a grand scale, a dashing ranger snaps them on the arrestee's hand with a blow? Do not do this!!! The result can be a broken arm bone. A little lower I will talk about different ways, now I will give a translation from the "instruction manual" to Peerless handcuffs:
Put one hand of the arrested person behind his back, bring the handcuffs to the wrist with a movable arc forward, the keyhole away from the fingers, the palm looks outward, attach the arc to the wrist, press on the bracelet so that the arc passes through, makes a turn and enters the lock, press on the arc and adjust it so that the handcuff fits snugly around your wrist, but does not squeeze it. Do the same with the other hand, pay attention to the direction of the keyhole, it should look towards the elbows, and not towards the fingers of the arrested person, and the palm should also look out. After that adjust, if necessary, the wires so as to guarantee a tight grip on the wrists without pressure on them and fix the handcuffs by pressing the latch on the side of the handcuffs with the pin on the key, this will avoid overtightening of the wrist and possible problems with blood circulation or broken bones.

As a result, your victim will be handcuffed behind his back and without the ability to free himself even taking out the key, because. cannot reach the keyhole with the key.
If you still want to do it quickly - "cowboy style", then you can recommend the following tactics. The handcuffs approach the victim’s wrist with lightning speed, but at the last moment they stop, just before the wrist touches, after that the arc leans and then with a sharp pressing movement you pull the bracelet, while the arc makes a quick turn and can immediately snap to the desired degree or at least a few teeth , and you will only have to adjust it, since the victim will still not have time to pull out his hand.

Instructions for BR handcuffs (typical)

1. Purpose of the product

b) The product must be used in the climatic factors of the external environment, described in GOST 15150-89 production 0 categories 1.1

2. General technical data and characteristics

a) Breaking force, not less than 150 kg
b) Working cycles, not less than 5000 times
c) Dimensions, mm 249x86x13
d) Weight, not more than 0.5 kg

3. Composition of the product

Package Included:

a) Product BR 00.00.000
b) Product data sheet 00.00.000
c) Key

4. Product description

The product consists of two ring gripping mechanisms connected by a welded chain, which ends with a rotating earring built into the gripping mechanism. A key is supplied with the product.

1) Grip mechanism
2) Toothed sector
3) Chain
4) Key
5) Retainer

5. The order of preparation for work

A) Before using, please check if the product is really in working order as follows:

Make sure that sector 2, which rotates freely,
- drown sector 2 in the capture mechanism
- With the reverse side of the key, sink the latch 5 of the inside of the mechanism catch 1 (double mechanism lock)
- Install the key in the keyhole and turn it counterclockwise (this action will unlock the mechanism - it will push the latch),
- Turn key 4 clockwise until it stops and while holding it, disengage sector 2 from the gripping mechanism.

b) The catch mechanism must work and open effortlessly.

6. Use of the product

A) Before use, the product must be in its initial state: sector 2 is in the catch mechanism 1, the mechanism is not blocked by the latch (latch 5 is not recessed)
b) After putting on the hand, sink sector 2 into the gripping mechanism 1. Be careful not to clamp the hand tightly so as not to stop the blood circulation.
c) To prevent foreign objects from opening the gripping mechanism, press the latch 5 with the back of the key.
d) To release, place the key in the keyhole and turn it counterclockwise (this action will unlock the mechanism - it will extend the latch), turn the key 4 clockwise until it stops and while holding it, disengage sector 2 from the catch mechanism 1.

7. Maintenance.

A) Maintenance is performed to check the technical condition of the product and identify defects.
b) Lubricate the grip mechanism at least four times a year.
c) If any part of the product is found to be defective, it must be discontinued. The product is not recoverable.

8. Conditions of transportation and storage

A) the product can be transported by any mode of transport.
b) the product must be stored in a package in a closed room with an air temperature of +5 C to +40 C and a relative humidity of not more than 80%.

9. Acceptance certificate

a) the product complies with specification BR 00.00.000 TU and is recognized as fit for use.

10. Warranty

A) The manufacturer's warranty indicates that the product conforms to its specification, under proper storage, maintenance and use.
b) Warranty period - 18 months from the date of sale.

Special funds

The complex criminal situation, in fact, forces employees of security structures to effectively use various special means for self-defense. It is they, in combination with service weapons and special training, that are one of the important ways to increase the combat readiness and protection of personnel of private security structures from threats of the use of physical force, edged and firearms by criminals and offenders.

At the same time, in the practice of security structures, ignorance and misunderstanding of the specifics of the use of special means are still quite common. This article discusses the historical, theoretical and practical issues of the use of special means by private security guards and detectives.

Special means are technical products (devices, objects, substances) that are supported by security and detective structures, used in cases provided for by laws, which are directly designed to protect the body and head of an employee from damaging elements and to exert coercive physical impact on a person (offender).

They are intended:

protection of employees of private security companies and detectives from the effects of firearms and cold steel, blows from throwing objects, sticks, metal rods, etc.

repel the attack of offenders, suppress their disobedience and limit physical resistance.

Special funds are divided into:

Individual protection means.

Means of active defense.

In turn, personal protective equipment is divided into individual protective equipment: heads - which include helmets of 1-3 protection classes; torso, body armor - 1-5 protection classes.

The list of types of special means used in (private) security activities is determined by Appendix 2 to the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation

dated August 14, 1992 N 587 as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 4, 2005 No. 179 and includes:

1. Protective helmet 1 - 3 protection classes of domestic production.

2. Protective vest 1 - 5 protection classes of domestic production.

3. Handcuffs of domestic production "BR-S", "BR-S2", "BKS-1", "BOS".

4. Domestic rubber stick "PR-73M", "PR-K", "PR-T", "PUS-1", "PUS-2", "PUS-3".

Legal basis for the use of special means by employees of non-state security agencies

The legal basis for the use of special means by private security guards and detectives are:

1. The Constitution of the Russian Federation;

Article 20 of Chapter 2 "Rights and freedoms of man and citizen" establishes that everyone has the right to life. Human life is proclaimed the highest social value.

A private security guard, being in a state of necessary defense when detaining a person who has committed a crime, has the right to threaten the life of the offending person only in the event of a similar threat directed by the offending guard. Material goods in relation to human life are of secondary importance. Human life and health are also protected by a number of prohibitions on the use of firearms and special means.

Article 21, paragraph 1: The dignity of the individual is protected by the state. Nothing can be grounds for belittling him.

paragraph 2: No one shall be subjected to torture, violence, other cruel or degrading treatment or punishment. No one may be, without voluntary consent, subjected to medical, scientific or other experiments.

Article 22, paragraph 1: Everyone has the right to liberty and security of person. paragraph 2: Arrest, detention and detention are permitted only by court order.

A private security guard has the right to detain a person who has committed a crime at a protected facility, pursuing two goals:

Suppression of criminal actions of the offender;

Immediately turn it over to law enforcement.

In this case, a private security guard exceeds his authority by holding a detainee in custody without notifying law enforcement agencies about this, or conducting interrogations. Only state bodies directly authorized by law are entitled to apply coercive measures, to conduct investigative, operational-search actions.

Article 35 states that "the right of private property shall be protected by law." Legislation establishes the right of state, municipal, private property of individuals and legal entities, as well as other forms of ownership. A private security company has the right to provide services for the protection of property owners, including during its transportation.

Security measures can be carried out by him only in relation to those property complexes that are not included in the List of objects subject to state protection (Appendix No. 1 to Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 14, 1992 No. 587). The private security guard is obliged on the basis of the contract to respond only to infringements against the protected property listed in this contract.

2. Law of the Russian Federation "On private detective and security activities in the Russian Federation"

Art. 17. The rules for the use of special means established by the Government of the Russian Federation for the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation apply to private detective and security activities.

Private detectives and security guards have the right to use special means in the following cases:

to repel an attack that directly threatens their life and health;

to stop a crime against the property they protect, when the offender puts up physical resistance.

It is forbidden to use special means in relation to women with visible signs of pregnancy, persons with obvious signs of disability and minors, when their age is obvious or known to a private detective (security guard), except when they show armed resistance, commit a group or other attack that threatens the life and health of a private detective. detective (security guard) or protected property.

Comment:

1. Special means are understood as devices, objects and substances that are structurally designed for personal protection, active defense (protection) from impact on a security guard or detective in order to successfully fulfill their legal tasks of protecting property, protecting life and health of people in cases and in the manner prescribed by regulations.

“Rules for the use of special equipment by private detectives and security guards” are established by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 14, 1992 No. 587 (Appendix 4), in connection with which the reference of the commented Law on the extension of the rules for the use of special equipment established by it for internal affairs bodies to security guards and detectives , not applicable.

Private detectives and security guards have the right to use special equipment not in all, but in two cases strictly stipulated in the commented article.

Assault should be understood as violent actions, consisting of:

1) intrusion contrary to the established mode of operation of the protected facility, the rules of access control in force on it, the requirements of officials who ensure their observance, accompanied in some cases by destruction, damage to property (by breaking doors, breaking glass in windows, arson, explosion, climbing over fence, etc.);

2) Infliction of bodily harm to persons located there (guards, protected persons) or a threat to commit such actions;

3) hostage-taking, establishing control over the territory of a protected object, theft, etc.

Violent actions are also recognized as an attack, not related to an invasion of a protected object, but the direction of damaging a protected object (shelling a building, mining, throwing stones and other objects at a building), threatening the life and health of guards or protected persons.

The suppression of a crime against protected property should be understood as preventing the criminal from carrying out his plan. At a certain stage of the assassination attempt, the offender is detained by a guard.

It is allowed to use special means to stop at the stage of attempt (but not preparation) a crime against those protected by them (ie, detectives and security guards, although the Law allows only security guards to perform this type of service). This right is granted to them only if the offender (the person who committed the crime or administrative offense) physically resists the guards and detectives (expressed in the deliberate infliction of blows, beatings, bodily harm, as well as other actions related to physical impact on the guard in connection with the arrest).

The attack can be on a security guard, a detective, protected citizens and protected property.

It can be single, group and armed.

1. Repulsing an attack directly on a guard, when special means can be used, is associated with violence that threatens his life and health by one and an unarmed offender. This is the infliction of bodily harm, illegal entry into the protected object by pushing the guard and the use of other violent actions against the guard.

The law does not grant detectives and security guards the right to use special means to repel an attack that directly threatens the life and health of other citizens (except in cases of such an attack on themselves). In this regard, in Appendix 4 of the above Resolution, in paragraph 3 (subparagraph "b"), a new edition of the second case of the use of special means is given. It states that special means are used "to repel an attack while protecting the life and health of protected citizens and to list a crime against property protected by them, when the offender offers physical resistance." This norm significantly supplements the Law we are commenting on. In view of the fact that the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation “Issues of private detective and security activities” dated August 14, 1992 is a by-law and actually introduces a new rule into the Law, the Government violates the rules of lawmaking. However, today this shortcoming has been eliminated by the Law of the Russian Federation “On Weapons” (Article 24). Employees of enterprises, organizations and institutions with special statutory tasks are granted by this Law the right to use weapons to protect life, health and property within the limits of necessary defense or in case of emergency (see commentary to Article 16).

Thus, at present, private security guards can, in accordance with Art. 37 and 39 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, use special means (gas spray, gas pistol and revolver, rubber / plastic stick) to protect the life and health of protected citizens.

Protected citizens are personnel, clients located at the protected facility, as well as individual protected persons.

Physical resistance is the active opposition of the offender in the implementation by the guard of his duties by causing bodily harm, pulling, pushing and other physical impacts.

It is forbidden to use special means in relation to three groups of persons: 1) in relation to women with visible signs of pregnancy; 2) persons with obvious signs of disability (without arms, legs, etc.); and 3) minors (ie, persons under 18 years of age) when the age is obvious or known to the detective or security guard. Such a ban does not apply to the above persons if they provide armed resistance to security guards and detectives or commit a group or other attack that threatens the life and health of a private security guard (detective) or the property they protect.

Here, armed resistance refers to the active opposition of the offender, involving the use or threat of use of weapons or objects used as weapons in order to prevent the private security guard or detective from exercising their official powers.

A group attack is an attack by two or more people.

Other attack - an attack by one person, when this person is clearly superior in physical strength to the guard or the attacker owns painful techniques, or the attack is repelled in such an environment in which the attacker is in a favorable position for him (for example, the attack occurs on the fifth floor on scaffolding repaired house, where the criminal has only to push the guard away from him and he will fall down).

Special means are used in compliance with:

1. ORDER (sequence of actions of a private security guard).

2. RULES (prohibitions, restrictions).

3. REASONS (a brief description in the law of the situation, faced with which in reality, it is concluded that there is a right to use special means).

Note:

Rules for the use of special means are divided into two groups:

a) general - apply to all types of special means;

b) specific (by type) - apply to certain types of special means.

General rules for the use of special means.

(Article 17 of the Law of the Russian Federation "On private detective and

security activities in the Russian Federation).

It is forbidden to apply against:

a) women with visible signs of pregnancy;

b) persons with obvious signs of disability (not only physical, but mental disability is taken into account);

c) minors (under 18), when their age is obvious or known.

Note: It is allowed to use special means against the indicated persons in the following cases:

a) armed resistance (not only with weapons, but also with other items that can harm life, health, property);

b) group attack (2 or more people in any ratio);

c) another attack (not even a group or armed one) that threatens the life and health of a private security guard or protected property.

Specific (by type) rules for the use of special means

(Appendix No. 4 to Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 587)

1. Rubber (plastic) sticks.

You can not strike on: the head; neck in the clavicular region; on the stomach; on the genitals.

2. Handcuffs.

Once every two hours, check the locking state of the locks.

Grounds (cases) for the use of special means

(Article 17 of the Law of the Russian Federation “On Private Detective

and security activities in the Russian Federation"

and taking into account Appendix No. 4

to the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation

Special means are used subject to the preliminary use of non-violent methods, if they did not give the desired results for:

1. Repelling an attack that directly threatens the life and health of a private security guard (rubber (plastic) sticks, tear substances).

2. Repulsing an attack while protecting the life and health of protected citizens (rubber (plastic) sticks, tear substances).

3. Prevention of a crime against protected property, when the offender offers physical resistance (all types of special means).

Note: You can stop only what has begun and has not yet ended.

In addition to these cases, a private security guard can use special means, already like any citizen.

Grounds for the use of special means

private security guard as a citizen.

(within the framework of art. 37; 39; 38 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation)

If a private security guard has finished his duty, or has not yet stepped on it (should go to the place of work), and also, if while working at the post (route) he acts beyond his official duties (responds to cries for help or is an eyewitness to the crime), then the special means that he has can be used by him, already as a citizen of the Russian Federation, as an improvised means legally available, within the framework of:

1. Necessary defense (Article 37 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).

or 2. Extreme necessity (Article 39 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).

or 3. Detention of a criminal (Article 38 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).

For a private security guard, it is necessary to distinguish between a threat to life or health and its absence, and in most cases this boundary is difficult to determine, given his emotional state at the time of the attack.

Violence dangerous to life and health is recognized (even in the absence of serious consequences) such actions as kicking a lying person, purposefully striking vital organs, blocking the airways, using objects intended to inflict injuries, etc. . Therefore, these actions may be the basis for the use of special means by a private security guard, taking into account the personality of the offender, his physical data, age.

Violence that is not dangerous to life and health, which can be used by the offender in an attack or resistance, giving grounds for the use of special means, is beating or committing other violent acts that caused physical pain, restricting the freedom of the victim against his will.

Conditions for the use of special means

(taking into account Appendix No. 4 to the Decree

Government of the Russian Federation No. 587).

1. The use of special means must be preceded by a warning about the intention to use them and the provision of sufficient time to fulfill the requirements of a private security guard, except in cases where delay in the use of special means creates an immediate danger to their life and health or may entail other grave consequences.

2. In situations where the use of special means is unavoidable, the private security guard must exercise restraint, act on the basis of the prevailing situation and the goal that must be achieved, minimizing the possibility of causing damage and bodily harm.

3. When using special means, the provision of first aid to persons who have received bodily injuries and notification of the incident to the health and internal affairs authorities as soon as possible should be ensured.

Appendix No. 4 to Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 587 dated August 14, 1992

Rules for the use of special means by private detectives and security guards

The legal basis for the use of special means by private detectives and security guards is the Law of the Russian Federation "On Private Detective and Security Activities in the Russian Federation", other laws and legal acts of the Russian Federation, these Rules.

As special means, rubber sticks, handcuffs, tear gas and other means provided for by the relevant list are used.

Special means are used by private detectives and security guards in cases where non-violent methods of preventive action on offenders were used and did not give the desired results:

a) to repel an attack that directly threatens their life and health;

b) to repel an attack while protecting the life and health of protected citizens and to suppress a crime against property protected by them, when the offender offers physical resistance.

Special means in accordance with paragraph 3 of these Rules may be used:

rubber sticks and tear gas - in the cases provided for in subparagraph "a" and "b" of paragraph No. of these Rules;

handcuffs - in the case provided for in subparagraph "b" of paragraph 3 of these Rules.

The right to use special means have private detectives and security guards who have undergone appropriate training and have passed the annual test in the internal affairs bodies for professional suitability for actions in situations related to their use.

Features of the use of certain types of special means

Rubber sticks. It is forbidden to hit the head, neck and clavicular region, stomach, genitals.

Handcuffs. Requires periodic (at least once every two hours, checking the state of fixation of the locks).

All models of handcuffs and rubber sticks specified in the List have certificates of conformity. They are included in the List on the basis of the existing long-term practice of their use by law enforcement agencies, and also as the most common in non-state security activities. Also included are the latest models designed specifically for non-state security activities - handcuffs "BCS-1" and "BOS", as well as universal sticks "PUS-1", "PUS-2", "PUS-3" ("Argument").

The experience of using special means in security structures has shown that the material and financial costs of providing them to security personnel have long been paid off by the saved lives and health of the guards. In addition, they are both a means of increasing the efficiency of their work and a measure of the prevention of offenses. The sight of a well-equipped guard in itself deters persons prone to delinquency and is a preventive measure.