How to master Russian in a short time. How to quickly learn the rules of the Russian language on your own

In order for people to perceive you as a competent person, you need to speak correctly. If at first the appearance catches the eye, then the impression of a person is formed by competent speech.

Why is good speech necessary?

It should not be thought that the ability to speak correctly is not useful to everyone in life. In any team, in different social circles, among people who are completely dissimilar in character and education, you can stand out and make a good impression. A person who correctly expresses thoughts is listened to much more attentively, the authorities more actively respond to his comments, and the career develops much more successfully.

If you dream of becoming a leader, then this skill will always come in handy for you, because the authorities must skillfully present their ideas. The team will appreciate more leadership that can inspire with a word.

The representative of the organization must have a beautiful and correct speech, because he is the hallmark of the company. With the help of skillful negotiations, you can find new partners, conclude a profitable contract.

School students often wonder why they are asked learn the rules of the Russian language. They spend a lot of time memorizing, but often in vain, because the level of literacy does not increase from this. This is because the rules are not memorized "on the machine", they need to be understood and comprehended. This cheat sheet contains recommendations for students: how to learn a rule in 5 minutes (Russian language). It will talk about the quick but correct way learning the rules of the Russian language.

Why you need to learn Russian

The study of the native language is in the first place in the school system of any country. Our native Russian language is given more time than other subjects. This is not surprising, because it can be studied throughout life and every time you discover new knowledge. Without a sufficiently extensive vocabulary and using them in the correct meaning, it is impossible to competently and logically build your thought. A diligent study of the subject makes it possible to understand the meaning of literary works from different eras up to the present, as well as to achieve an early understanding with interlocutors.

How to quickly and permanently learn the rule in the Russian language

1. You should definitely tune in to memorizing the rule. You can’t do this hastily and with the devices that make noise and sounds turned on (tape recorder, TV, computer). You need to decide on the purpose of memorization: to teach only in order to answer the teacher or knowledge of the rule will come in handy throughout life.

2. The rule must be read thoughtfully, pronouncing all the words clearly. For the best result, be sure to delve into the meaning of what is written. Without knowledge of the lexical meaning of the words used in the rule, this is impossible. The words that are the main (key) ones should be underlined with a pencil or highlighted with a colored marker (if this is not a library textbook!). The underlined words will help when reproducing the rule from memory, as the visual form of memory will be involved. It can help to present the rule in a graphical, easy-to-understand diagram or table. This will take no more than 5 minutes.

Help in understanding the meaning of the rule can be reformulated (if possible).

If the rule contains several subparagraphs, then each of them should be considered separately. And when memorizing the content of all subparagraphs, you need to link them. Imaginative thinking and fantasy will help to learn the rule if you try to imagine a picture of what the rule says.

3. A new rule will be easier to learn if you connect it with previously studied material. Already studied information with new knowledge is better absorbed when compared.

4. The rules are usually illustrated with examples, which you need to read and compare these samples with the information that explains the meaning of the rule. It is advisable to perform appropriate exercises to consolidate what has been learned. In the course of work, do not forget to repeat the rule, saying it out loud.

5. It is useful to retell the learned material to one of the relatives or to yourself (the textbook must be closed). You can also try this option: someone close to you reads the beginning of the rule, and you need to finish it. Or like this: answer under what condition it will be written or said correctly.

Love for the native language is instilled from childhood, and knowledge of the basics of spelling and speaking is necessary for every person. Without knowledge of the rules of the Russian language and the ability to apply them in practice, it is impossible to fully use the language as a powerful tool for communication between people.

You will need

• 1. a guide to Russian grammar by any author (fortunately, they are now commercially available in abundance);
• 2. explanatory dictionary of the Russian language, edited by Dahl or Ozhegov.

Instruction

The most difficult thing is to master Russian spelling. Open the corresponding section of the Russian grammar guide. It is better to study spelling in the following order:

Noun name (its change by gender, numbers, cases);

Adjective name (its change in gender, numbers, cases, interaction with a noun);

Verb (conjugation, mood, perfect and imperfect form, tenses, change by gender, persons, numbers);

Pronoun (its change by gender, numbers, persons);

Adverb, gerund, participle, union, preposition, interjection.

Pay special attention to the declension of nouns and to the change of verbs in tenses, types and moods. These are the basics of Russian grammar.

Learn punctuation. This is necessary for the development of written language. In are often used. They contain punctuation marks (commas, dashes, colons). Read in the grammar guide what their differences are. The Russian language is also a storehouse of various kinds of interjections and rhetorical questions, which, as a rule, end with characteristic punctuation marks (a question mark, several question marks, an exclamation mark, a combination of an exclamation mark with a question mark).

The vowel "yo" is always stressed.

In all other cases, the placement of stress should be consulted in the explanatory dictionary of the Russian language.

It is important to replenish the vocabulary. Read more Russian classical literature. Leo Tolstoy, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Mikhail Sholokhov are especially good for this.

It is also necessary to communicate with native Russian speakers who speak well.

Perhaps you never had a penchant for the Russian language, or you persistently skipped dictations at school. However, the ability to write correctly is necessary in many professions, and not everyone is supposed to be a secretary. If desired, shortcomings in education can be quickly filled.

Instruction

Take school textbooks and manuals from the shelf. Of course, there are people with congenital who, without knowing a single rule, know how to write perfectly. However, most still have to memorize in which cases adjectives have one, and in which two "n". If you really want to learn, then with intensive studies you will be able to master the program in a couple of months. Those rules that you most often make mistakes, write in a notebook so that they are always at your fingertips.

Can every Russian language tutor teach a foreigner to speak? Certainly,no. To do this, you need to know not only the native language, but also the language of your student. Besides,own teaching methods specifically for foreigners. We have selected useful tips and examples of techniques for beginner tutors.

Russian speech should surround your student everywhere

If you have not graduated from the RFL department (Russian as a foreign language), now there is an opportunity to fill the gap - complete courses or learn one of the methods on your own using manuals, video lessons.

Many specific methods have been developed, and, of course, none of them can be fully described in the article: they are contained in “thick” manuals. Therefore, let us dwell on some principles of teaching.

It is better to teach foreigners the Russian language at first individually. After two months, you can move on to classes in groups: this will help your students quickly master conversational speech, build dialogues. If classes are held 3-4 times a week, 120-160 hours will be needed.

• The classical approach recommends that the Russian language tutor start with the alphabet. Having learned the letters and sounds, we proceed to reading. In parallel, the student's head needs to be "hammered" with Russian words.
• Whatever section of the language you study, pay maximum attention to speaking: it is unlikely that a foreigner will need to write flawlessly correctly, but his career will largely depend on the correct speech, which would not cause laughter from others.
• Over time, your student should learn to distinguish between polysemantic words, the meaning of which depends on the context. For example, cream as a cosmetic product and cream as a confectionery product.
• Watch films in Russian together, for example, the famous comedies by Ryazanov or Gaidai, because everything related to humor is easier to remember. If your student does not understand funny situations, explain them.

Method examples

A good methodology course was developed by the teachers of Moscow State University. It's called "Teaching Russian as a Foreign Language". It can be learned remotely in 12 days, and after the end of the course, the Russian language tutor receives methodological materials that will help conduct classes. A good course is that unnecessary theory is excluded from it, only knowledge that is specifically needed in practice is given.

Take, for example, such a topic as the methodology of teaching cases to foreigners. In general, cases cause the greatest difficulty for foreigners. If Russian-speaking schoolchildren need to explain the spelling of unstressed case endings (in the field E, on the part E) - “i” is heard, and “e” is written, then foreigners need to be taught which case to use in which case.

For example, “I’m walking along the path” is the dative case, “I’m walking without a coat” is the genitive case, “I’m walking with a friend” is the instrumental case, etc. This can only be worked out in speech, so the Russian language tutor should choose as much as possible more speaking exercises. You will find many different dialogues in the manual “My friends cases” (authors: Bulgakova, Zakharenko, Krasnykh).

The author of another methodology, Natalya Karapetyan, recalls that there is a State Educational Standard for Russian as a Foreign Language. According to this standard, the elementary level includes 800 words, the basic level - 1300, level 1 - 2300, etc. Since it is important at each level to choose the right words to study, she developed selection criteria. There are three of them:

1. Frequency of use.
2. The possibility of their inclusion in a particular topic (for example, "In the store", "Road home").
3. Compatibility (big - small, go - move away - go, etc.).

Based on these three principles, words are selected for each level.

And in conclusion - let the Russian language tutor not forget to put himself in the place of a foreigner, in whose native language there are simply no some Russian letters and sounds, who is used to the fact that each word in a sentence in his language has its own specific place. Don't be surprised if he asks, “Why can't I say I don't have money? After all, they say - I have money? Patiently explain everything, and most importantly - encourage him to talk and talk!

Lecture by N. V. Kulibina "Practical course of teaching Russian as a foreign language":

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Instruction

Watch TV language broadcasts. This method will help well if you rarely communicate directly with native speakers. However, choose not only entertainment programs. In intelligent programs, the vocabulary is much richer, which will help increase the number of familiar words. Also watch political programs - you will know what is happening in Russia, and this is one of the possible topics for discussion.

Listen to Russian-language radio. Try to turn it on as often as possible - both at home and in the car. Radio announcers have good diction and pronunciation, so listen carefully to their manner of speaking. Repeat words and sentences out loud, sing along. Analyze speech, repeat one phrase several times to achieve the desired pronunciation.

Sign up for Russian language courses. In many cities of Russia, linguistic schools offer this service. Specialists from different countries come to work in Russia, so such courses are not only a way to learn how to speak better, but also an opportunity to meet like-minded people and make new friends. In addition, group classes are good motivation and support.

Organize your Russian language classes. Don't go over everything, make a schedule and stick to it. For example, one day you listen to the radio, the other day you watch a Russian TV show. On the day of the training courses, do the homework assigned by the teachers. Better learn to speak without accent gradually - do not rush yourself, so the knowledge gained will be better absorbed, and the result will not be long in coming.

Chat with native speakers. This is the best way to learn to speak without accent. Ask one of your Russian friends to help you. Let a friend correct your speech, point out flaws. Do not be afraid to look ridiculous in the eyes of others, because your goal is to get rid of accent so try to reach it by all means. In a company, do not remain silent, express your opinion, speak as much as possible. The Russian language is rich, you can learn words and phrases all your life, but you can correct the accent in just a year, if you make an effort.

To have a certain popularity in any company, you need to be able to attract attention, evoke positive emotions. A healthy sense of humor can help you with this. If you are not sure that you have it, you need to develop it. In order to speak funny and be funny, there are several tricks.

In order to speak in a high voice, helium is used, it makes it possible to change the key for six seconds. Sulfur hexafluoride, on the contrary, lowers it, and it becomes not only brutal, but literally demonic. It is most convenient to fill a balloon with gas and inhale a little through the mouth. The voice will change immediately, but you should not abuse this trick.

Verbal aikido is also a great way to make your speech original, colorful and funny. There is nothing more boring than asking the same questions every day and hearing the same monosyllabic answers to them, realizing with horror that both you and the interlocutor are terribly bored to observe verbal ceremonies, but you cannot do without them. In order for the annoying and overly curious to lose the power of speech and no longer touch on sensitive topics, you need to be able to improvise. For example, to the question: “Are you married?” it is easy to answer: “Temporarily - no!”.

The Russian language is one of the most complex and peculiar languages ​​in the world, so learning how to speak it correctly is a rather difficult task even for a native speaker. But nothing is unachievable, especially if you set a goal and make a certain amount of effort. So how do you master it perfectly?

You will need

• Teaching aids, fiction, practice.

Instruction

Read books, both traditional, paper and electronic. As a rule, the best people to communicate are those who have read a lot of different literature in their lives, from classic masterpieces to encyclopedias and modern fiction. In addition, reading improves written literacy, which is important. Currently, audio books are widely used, listening to which you can significantly replenish your vocabulary and learn a lot of new and interesting things about the features of Russian speech.