How to open the production of gas silicate blocks. Various do-it-yourself building blocks Blocks at home

Among the many concrete products on the market, cinder blocks stand out. They quickly gained popularity among private developers, thanks to a set of advantages. The increased dimensions and low weight of the products greatly facilitate the laying of walls. By making cinder blocks on your own, you can significantly reduce costs. A cinder block production machine designed for domestic use can be made on your own.

Cinder blocks - characteristics and purpose of the material

One of the reasons for the increased popularity of slag-filled concrete blocks is the low cost of the material. It is associated with the use in the production process of waste from metallurgical enterprises - slag.

Along with traditional components, Portland cement and river sand, various aggregates are used:

brick fight;
crushed stone screening;
granite chips;
various slags and ashes;
expanded clay particles.

The use of cinder blocks in construction can reduce the cost of building walls several times

The manufacturing process is carried out in various ways:

industrial method at specialized enterprises with the processing of products in drying chambers;
at home from available raw materials, using a self-assembled machine for making blocks.

On home-made equipment, you can produce various types of cinder-concrete products:

full-bodied, with an increased margin of safety. They are used quite rarely, as they retain heat worse;
hollow, characterized by high thermal insulation properties. To ensure strength, the volume of cavities should not exceed 1/3 of the total volume of the product.

Dimensions of products are determined by the size of the form. With independent production of products, the size of the molding box can be any. However, many prefer the standard dimensions of 19x18.8x39 cm.

The increased volume of the cinder block can significantly reduce the duration of various types of construction work:

erection of capital walls;
construction of internal partitions.

It is perfect for the construction of utility buildings, sheds, storage facilities.

If you need to make a cinder block yourself, the machine allows you to quickly solve the problem. The resulting material has many advantages:

high thermal insulation characteristics. Due to the reduced thermal conductivity, the material prevents heat loss;
increased dimensions and low weight. This makes it easy to transport products and quickly build walls from them;
resistance to the development of microorganisms. This is achieved due to the properties of the slag included in the structure of the block;
low price. Do-it-yourself cinder block machine allows you to make products that are cheaper than purchased blocks.

The advantages also include the fact that slag-filled blocks are easy to machine, effectively absorb various noises, and are not afraid of high temperatures.

The material also has weaknesses:

low durability. The period of operation of cinder-block buildings is up to three decades;
reduced margin of safety. The characteristics of the material allow the construction of buildings with a height of no more than two floors;
the appearance of cracks under the influence of shear forces. During shrinkage, cracking occurs along the cinder block array.

To ensure an attractive appearance of buildings, the cinder block surface needs an external cladding. These shortcomings do not stop developers who wish to build an outbuilding or a small building in a limited time at low cost.

You can use homemade cinder blocks a month after they are made.

Choosing which machine to use for the manufacture of cinder blocks

After deciding on the manufacture of block products on their own, the problem arises of choosing a unit for their production. Many decide to make their own machine for the production of cinder blocks.

When deciding on a device, it is worth considering the following design options:

a simplified device that provides the ability to manufacture block products at home;
an improved unit, the design of which provides for a mechanism for tamping and extracting finished products.

The choice of the optimal option is carried out depending on the need and availability of funds.

Simplified cinder block machine with your own hands - drawings and recommendations

With a small need for material, there is no need to manufacture a complex unit equipped with a vibration motor and special mechanisms. A simplified method allows the production of products in special molding boxes.

The technology provides for the following works:

Assembling molds and oiling the surface inside the box.
Pouring into collapsible containers of cinder block mortar.
Exposure for 5-6 hours until the composition sets.
Disassembly of the box and careful extraction.
Drying of manufactured products under a canopy or indoors.

To build this kind of machine, you should have the skills to work with a welding machine and a plumbing tool

The use of wooden or metal inserts, as well as glass containers, allows the production of hollow blocks. It is not difficult to make a simplified machine for cinder blocks with your own hands - it is a metal or wooden container, the size and shape of which correspond to the parameters of the product.

An improved machine for the production of cinder blocks with your own hands - drawings and device

For the manufacture of the upgraded unit, drawings will be required. You can study the existing machine for self-development of sketches. Before starting design work, it is important to make sure that the device is working. It is advisable to manufacture complex equipment with an increased need for cinder blocks. In any case, when planning to assemble a professional cinder block machine with your own hands, you need to develop the drawings yourself or purchase ready-made ones.

In such a machine there are special mechanisms:

ramming device. Compaction is carried out by a vibration motor. It is an engine with a power of up to 1.2 kW with a load placed eccentrically on the shaft. You can use a purchased vibration motor. As a result of vibration action, air pores are removed, and the material is evenly distributed over the mold box. The result of ramming is an increase in density and strength properties;
lifting mechanism. It facilitates the removal of cinder blocks from mold boxes. From a variety of designs, you can always choose the right option. The simplest solution is a U-shaped handle welded to the side surfaces of the container. By lifting the molding box by the handles, you can remove the hardened cinder block.

The size of the mold must correspond to the dimensions of the cinder block, exceeding its height by 50 mm. This will allow you to load an increased volume of the mixture, which, after compaction, will acquire the required dimensions.

To make a cinder block with your own hands, small-sized vibrating machines are used, which are capable of producing small batches of this material.

We assemble a machine for the manufacture of cinder blocks with our own hands

If you want to make a homemade cinder block machine with your own hands, you need to draw or purchase ready-made sketches, as well as take care of the materials and tools necessary to complete the work.

Getting ready to assemble a machine for cinder blocks - preparation of materials and tools

The arsenal of home craftsmen usually has the required equipment and tools. Catalog of the necessary equipment and materials:

electric welding device;
grinder with a disk for cutting metal;
a set of locksmith tools;
vise;
sheets of three-millimeter metal;
cutting steel pipes;
electric motor or ready-made vibrator;
bolts, washers, nuts for fastening parts.

The amount of metal for the manufacture of the device is determined in accordance with the drawing or sketch, which shows all dimensions.

First of all, workpieces are cut from a sheet of metal 3 mm, work with a grinder should be done carefully

How to make a mold for a block machine with your own hands - drawings and assembly

In order to make a home-made machine for a cinder block with your own hands, drawings and diagrams will be required both for the molding box and for the unit itself. Let's start with the mold.

Make it according to the following algorithm:

Mark the contours of the parts on a metal sheet, cut the blanks to make a molding box.
Weld the shell of the future container, check the observance of right angles.
Cut off pieces of pipes with a grinder, the length of which corresponds to the height of the cinder block.
Make cuts along the axis from opposite sides of the pipes, give the blanks a conical configuration.
Weld them to the base of the box, connect them with a transverse jumper to increase rigidity.
Weld the base with conical inserts to the shell, fix the plugs on the end of the pipes.
Make two handles for moving the mold box, fix them on both sides of the structure.
Make the cover of the molding box, make holes in it that correspond to the dimensions of the technological inserts.
Fasten the stops inside the box at a level corresponding to the height of the block. They act as a stopper for the lid.

The use of a group molding box with increased dimensions will increase the productivity of the equipment, and the use of a collapsible casting mold will facilitate extraction.

Do-it-yourself drawing for making a machine

How to make a block making machine yourself

As a material for manufacturing, use the metal profile available in the household.

Sequencing:

Weld the sidewalls of the bed, connect them with jumpers.
Prepare a work platform and secure between the uprights.
Attach the vibration motor mounting studs to the platform.
Fix the eccentric balancer on the motor drive shaft.
Prime the surface of the metal, then cover with paint.
Connect the power cable to the motor and carry out a test run.

Having carefully studied the previously developed project and drawings, it is not difficult to make a machine for making cinder blocks with your own hands.

How to prepare a solution for a machine for the manufacture of cinder blocks

It is important to properly prepare the solution so that the cinder block made at home has the required properties. Necessary materials:

coal ash or metallurgical slag;
sifted sand;
fine-grained gravel or screenings;
cement M400 or M500.

The name itself speaks for itself what this block is made of, and it is made from coal slag, which remains after the boilers are fired in a coal-fired boiler house

It is allowed to introduce additives that reduce the duration of hardening and increase strength. The ratios of the ingredients affect the characteristics of the finished material.

Use the following recipes:

mix ash with cement in a ratio of 7: 2, add water to a plastic consistency;
mix ash and screenings in equal proportions, add 10–12% of cement from the total volume, dilute with water.

When mixing, be guided by proven recipes.

We check the machine for the production of blocks - we stamp cinder blocks with our own hands

Consider how to use the machine for the manufacture of cinder concrete products:

Install the unit on a solid base, connect the voltage.
Prepare the cinder block mixture according to the manufacturing technology.
Fill the mold box with mortar and turn on the vibration motor for one minute.
Add solution up to the upper mark.
Install the cover, turn on the vibration motor.
Tamp until it touches the cover with thrust elements.
Carefully remove the forming container.

When the fresh block has set, remove it from the box. Dry the building material in a dry and closed area.

What to look for when making a cinder block machine

Carrying out the construction of a house, a bathhouse or an outbuilding, you can save a lot by using a machine designed for the manufacture of cinder blocks. It is not always necessary to purchase a machine made in the factory. It is not difficult to make a machine for making blocks yourself. Pay attention to the use of proven drawings, as well as study the recipe and understand the technology.

There is no shortage of materials for construction - today you can buy everything. Prices, however, are such that any construction "flies a penny", so the independent production of building materials is not a whim, but a necessity. In recent years, brick has serious competitors: blocks of gas silicate and foam concrete, porous ceramics, expanded clay, polystyrene. All these materials are made on production equipment, but one type of wall stone can be made at home - this is cinder block. We will tell you how to make a machine for the production of cinder blocks with your own hands.

Cinder block is an artificial stone of a rectangular shape and strictly defined sizes. The type and dimensions of the cinder block depend on the purpose. Most often, this is a block with technological voids (about 30% of the volume), providing a relatively small weight and reducing the thermal conductivity of the material.

Depending on the purpose, the cinder block is:

hollow or monolithic;
whole or half;
ordinary or facial;
load-bearing or partition.

Decorative (front) cinder block can be of different colors, the surface on the front side is chipped, torn, corrugated, polished. The material is used, as a rule, for the construction of decorative hedges.

Several basic block sizes and weights:

ordinary standard 390x190x188 mm, weight 20 - 28 kg;
ordinary half 390x120x188 or 390x90x188 mm; weight 10 -14 kg;
partition wall 390X120X188 mm, weight 10-15 kg.

Materials for the production of cinder block

The composition of the cinder block includes a binder, filler and water. The name of the block was given by blast-furnace slag, which was once in abundance and was used as a filler. Today, slag is not common, and as a filler for cinder blocks, they use:

granite screenings;
brick chips;
crushed stone;
river gravel;
sand;
crushed expanded clay;
clay;
sawdust.

The binder is cement grades 300 - 600. The grade of cement depends on the required strength of the block - the higher the grade, the denser the stone.

Characteristics of the cinder block. Benefits of industrial production

There is no strictly defined recipe for the manufacture of cinder block, so its characteristics are not constant. Depending on the filler, the cinder block has:

Density (750-1450 kg / cm 3).
Strength M30 - M150.
The coefficient of voidness is on average 0.3, not more than 0.4.
Thermal conductivity coefficient 0.27 - 0.65 W / m 2
Service life (depending on climatic conditions) 30 - 150 years.

The main difference between the industrial production of cinder block is the processing of the molded stone in the steaming chamber. During the day at a temperature of 80–100 ° C and humidity up to 100%, the material gains up to 70% of its maximum strength and can be immediately used in construction. The strength characteristics of a factory cinder block are about twice as high as those of a home one. But the material made on a do-it-yourself cinder block machine is much cheaper and is also quite suitable for construction.

How to make a cinder block at home

The principle of production of cinder block is simple - it is pouring the concrete mixture into the formwork:

To prepare the working mixture, cement, fillers and water are mixed. The fillers are pre-screened to remove large and foreign fragments. The volume of water should not be too large so that the mixture has a semi-dry consistency (in professional slang - “carving”). An example of a typical proportion for a high-strength cinder block: filler - 7 parts, coarse sand - 2 parts, gravel of medium fraction or granite screenings - 2 parts, one and a half parts cement, and 3 water.
The form (matrix) is loaded with the working mixture, compacted as much as possible by vibrocompression or packing. After compaction, the mixture is filled up to the desired volume and re-compacted.
The formed block is carefully released from the mold.
Dry the cinder block in natural conditions. After a day, the blocks can be carefully moved from the molding site to the storage site, after 5-7 days the blocks will be ready for use in construction. The use of a plasticizer allows you to accelerate hardening - after 6-8 hours the cinder block can be moved to the warehouse. The blocks acquire maximum strength in a month, the preferred conditions are high temperature and humidity.

Equipment for the production of cinder block

The main advantage of cinder block production is a wide choice of technical equipment. You can choose and independently make the desired machine for home production of cinder block.

For the simplest production of cinder block, you need:

materials;
cinder block matrix for molding;
ventilated indoor area with a flat floor.

The level of mechanization depends on the desire of the manufacturer and the required number of blocks. I offer three production options:

1. A small amount of blocks for your own use can be made by hand using a simple matrix, which is easy to make from a wooden board.

Here is what the further process of making a cinder block looks like

2. The process can be facilitated by using the simplest machine for cinder blocks at home - a matrix for one block with vibration. Turning on the vibrator for a few seconds after filling the matrix and after adding the mixture to the full volume will speed up the process and reduce labor costs.

Instructions for the manufacture of the machine and its drawing can be found on the net. Machine operation

3. The machine for the manufacture of cinder blocks with two dies allows you to significantly simplify production and produce material not only for yourself, but also for sale.

The cinder block machine is simple and can be made at home. To make your own machine, you will need:

welding machine;
angle grinder, she is also a "Bulgarian";
ruler and chalk for marking.

The main parts of the machine for the manufacture of cinder blocks do it yourself:

Matrix

Molding boxes with guides and apron.

Press

Two handles made of pipe, two walls made of sheet metal t. 3 mm and four clamping planes.

Two bases, two guides, crossbars and four wheels without brakes.

Lever arm

Three pipes, ears and two rods.

To visualize how to make a machine and see the drawings, I recommend watching two videos:

a video in 3d format tells in detail about the design of the machine and the principle of operation.
the video gives a complete specification of the cinder block machine, a general drawing and drawings of each individual element.

You can see the work of the machine for the production of cinder blocks here (VIDEO 5)

What can be built from cinder block

The production of cinder block did not begin yesterday - in regions where coal slag is in abundance, this building material has been used for a long time. If the advantages of the cinder block are well known (low cost and ease of manufacture), then the disadvantages are often hushed up. The disadvantages of this material include:

environmental insecurity

If industrial slag is used in the production of cinder block, it is likely that the material will have an increased level of radiation. Be sure to use a dosimeter when choosing a material.

Instability to high humidity.

A cinder block wall must be insulated from natural moisture. Plastering a cinder block is not easy due to poor adhesion of the mortar with slag.

Limited durability.

Unpresentable appearance

Another reason to do cladding.

The use of cinder block is limited - it is suitable for construction:

outbuildings (sheds, garages, utility rooms);
one-story industrial buildings;
baths (with careful waterproofing);
fences and barriers;
summer cottages;
extensions, etc.

Cinder block making machine updated: November 10, 2016 by: Artyom

Cinder block is one of the most requested materials for the construction of walls of one-story buildings. It is distinguished by its low cost and the possibility of its independent production at home.

Cinder block - wall stone

This building material is intended for low-rise construction. There is an opinion that if cement of a “high” grade is included in the mixture, then a solid foundation for a bathhouse or a house can be made from home-made blocks. However, the foundation blocks must withstand huge loads, so the blocks should be purchased at the factory, and not made independently.

Cinder blocks are:

hollow;
corpulent.

Due to sufficient strength characteristics, solid cinder blocks are used for cladding and construction of load-bearing walls, as well as partitions. At the same time, hollow products have good heat and sound insulation. Due to voids, raw materials are significantly saved, which means that the cost of production is much lower.

Cinder blocks are also used as an additional insulation in the construction of frames.

How to knead a solution to create a cinder block?

The name of the building material "cinder block" speaks for itself. This means that the main component of the solution will be the slag obtained in the blast furnace, which should be sieved through a special sifter (sieve).

We will need:

7 parts of the main filler (they will serve as slag);
2 shares of gravel having fractions of 5-15 mm;
one and a half parts of cement (it is best to take the brand M 400, 500);
about 3 parts water.

In addition to slag, other components can also act as the main element: clay, expanded clay, sand, gravel, crushed stone, gypsum and many others. It should be noted that if you have chosen blast-furnace slag as a filler, then other additives are prohibited to use. If you want to get a colored cinder block, then you can add chalk or red bricks brought to small crumbs into the solution (they should be crushed).

In addition, during the production of cinder blocks, make sure that the solution does not spread.

Name of components	Qty components	Density, kg / m3	Water absorption,%	Мрз, cycles not less than	Compressive strength, kg/cm2
Cement, kg Sand, kg (m3) Crushed stone, kg (m3) Water, l (depending on the humidity of the components)	500 900 (0,52) 900 (0,52) 100...200	2350	4	200	410
Cement, kg Screenings, kg (m3) Sand, kg (m3) Water, l	500 920 (0,54) 1150 (0,7) 100...200	2160	4,5	200	400
Cement, kg Sand, kg (m3) Water, l	600 1550 (0,9) 100...190	2200	5,3	200	436

Tip for obtaining durable blocks: a plasticizer must be added to the solution (you can buy it at any hardware store). Then you will get not only durable, but also frost-resistant and waterproof blocks.

When you are going to independently establish the process of creating cinder blocks, you should understand that there is no universal solution recipe. Each master, through trial and error, selects his own unique formula. If you are a beginner, you can resort to the standard.

Cinder block production methods

There are two ways to get such blocks on your site.

With the help of formwork, that is, a form made of lumber or steel sheets.
Based on the work of a special machine.

Video - Making a cinder block by hand

Video - Cinder block walking mobile machine

Video - Cinder block making machine

Tools and materials for the production of blocks:

forms (wood or metal), or vibration machines;
2,3,4 - pallet blanks. 5,6,7 - framing the matrix from below (corner 25x25). 8 - bar for fastening voids. 9 - void. 10 - the upper plug of the void. 11 - lower plug of the void
concrete mixer;
spatula for leveling;
shovel for pouring mortar;
solution.

Instructions for making your own mold

The design of the form has the following form: bottom and side walls. Between a pair of transverse boards or sheets of metal, you should fix the crossbars at the distance you need. Maintain a step corresponding to the size of the required cinder block.

Since it will be difficult to get the finished product out of the mold, the design of the container must be collapsible. For production efficiency, make formwork designed to receive 4-6 cinder blocks.

To make a mold in order to create cinder blocks, you will need:

sheets of iron 3 mm thick;
iron strips 5 mm (several pieces);
cylinders, 4 cm in diameter;
welding machine;
Bulgarian;
chalk for marking.

Stages of manufacturing a single detachable metal mold

Step 1. We mark the sheet according to the size of the blocks: we need two longitudinal sides and two transverse ones. We cut our plates with a grinder.

The width of the longitudinal plate is 210 mm, the length is 450 mm, the transverse plate is 210 by 220 mm.

Step 2 Wings, 3.5 cm high, should be welded to the bottom of the mold for the cinder block so that the mold does not move, and a handle to quickly release the poured solution from the mold.

Step 3 Notches are made along the contour of the transverse and longitudinal walls in order to hook the mold on the longitudinally installed walls.

Step 4. We collect our form.

Step 5. To create voids in the cinder block, we make hinged cylinders. They must be welded to a plate 3-4 mm thick, which should seem to penetrate the cylinders closer to the top. We make notches on the end walls of our container to hook them.

Video - Do-it-yourself mold for cinder blocks

Production of cinder blocks using a split mold

Forms have any dimensions. The standard dimensions of the structure are 90x190x188 mm, in private construction other sizes can be used, for example, 40x20x20 cm. In order to save material, it is better to use molds with cells of 4-6 blocks and cylinders (squares) to create cavities.

A metal self-made form (detachable) has the following appearance.

Consider the phased process of manufacturing cinder blocks.

Step 1. We mix the solution in a concrete mixer.

Step 2 Pour the mixture into our mold with a shovel. In this case, the mixture is thick. You can also use a liquid solution.

Step 3 Be sure to ensure that the solution fills the container evenly. To do this, we tamp the filled solution. We control the filling of the form to the brim. Level the top layer with a spatula.

Step 4 If the solution is dry, then a special lid should be used, the holes in which will block the bayonets in the mold. This device will help to compact our cinder block. For a liquid solution, such a cover is not used.

Step 5 We move our block to an open area for the purpose of further storage. After 30-40 minutes, remove the bottom, sides and top cover. For a better extraction of the cinder block, we will beat the walls and the longitudinal strip with the cylinders on top with an ordinary hammer.

Step 6 For complete drying, we need at least a day.

Production of cinder blocks using a vibrating machine

Step 1. We knead our solution, taking into account the proportions. Particular attention should be paid to the right amount of water, because the cinder blocks should not spread when you remove them from the mold.

kneading

In order to find out the correct consistency of the mixture, conduct a small test. Squeeze the solution in your hand: if it connects in it, and does not blur when it falls to the ground, this is a good and correct solution.

Step 2. We fill our form with a solution, with a slide.

Step 3 . We turn on the machine for 2-4 seconds, after which the loaded composition will be compacted. We level the mixture with our hands so that the iron pins (cylinders) are visible.

Step 4 If there is not enough mixture in the mold, it needs to be supplemented, the clamp is inserted and the vibrator is turned on again. The completion of the formation is evidenced by the sediment of the clamp on the limiters.

Step 5 . Our vibroform should again be switched on for 6-10 s.

Step 6 . We close the top with a lid with holes for the cylinders. And we make another ramming by raising and lowering the lid 4-5 times.

Step 7 . Then, without turning off the machine, the form is removed - it is enough to take the machine to you.

Up to 500 cinder blocks can be produced per shift using a vibrating machine.

Step 8 . We dry the blocks for 5-10 days. The complete hardening of the resulting building materials will be completed after a month, while the humidity should be high and the air warm.

Step 9. After a day, the blocks can be transferred to storage places (they will not be broken), but they can only be placed together after a week. And if you still add a plasticizer to the solution, then after 6-8 hours they can be moved and stored.

Of course, it is not worth buying a vibrating machine for a single production, but special attention should be paid to tamping when creating cinder blocks (the quality of the product depends on this process). In this case, you can use a conventional grinding vibrator, on which it is enough to place our mold with the mixture.

Video - Production of cinder blocks using a vibrator

Features of storage of cinder blocks

The received products are stored in pyramidal piles, one hundred pieces at a time.

At the same time, they fit with small intervals. It is enough for you to dry the material for a couple of months, then you can start building a bathhouse, an extension or a barn.

What are the features of the production of cinder block?

In the production of cinder blocks, special attention should be paid to drying. So, for example, any dent or unevenness will spoil the building material. Another requirement for the quality of the material is the geometry. A large number of irregularities and flaws is a prerequisite for increased costs for finishing the erected walls. Therefore, in order for the product to turn out even, it is necessary to fill the form or vibroform to the brim. Do not skimp on pouring the solution with a slide, because the vibration will shake your mixture.

For better plasticity, when mixing the solution, do not forget to fill in the plasticizer at the rate of 5 g per block. This will save the product from possible cracks, increase strength and frost resistance. To build a small bath, you can knead the solution manually, but a concrete mixer will help speed up the process. It is enough for you to buy or borrow for a while a small unit with a capacity of 02-0.5 cubic meters. m.

Video - Homemade concrete mixer

Before preparing the mixture, the slag is moistened 5-6 hours before. This will allow you to better bind the grains of cement and fractions of the filler. It should be noted that if you are filling wooden or metal molds without the possibility of vibrating, the mixture should be watery.

Pros and cons of using cinder blocks

The advantages of cinder block should include:

the possibility of manufacturing in a summer cottage or in a private house;
drying of the material can take place both in an autoclave (industrial production) and in the open air (with self-production);
a cinder block building carries minimal heat loss;
the material is inexpensive;
the construction of the building is carried out quickly, given the large size of the blocks;
when mixing the solution, you can, by changing the proportions, give it certain qualities;
You can produce a cinder block of any size.

Disadvantages of cinder block:

low frost resistance, but with the use of a special additive they can be increased;
there are doubts in terms of environmental friendliness, especially for products made on the basis of blast-furnace slag;
As for the liquid absorption characteristics, the material has strong moisture absorption and requires special protective coatings;
fragility (this material is clearly not suitable for the construction of skyscrapers).

The blocks made with the addition of cement have the highest strength. The next place is occupied by blocks of lime.
If small granules are replaced with part of the sifted sand, then the strength of the products will increase slightly.
The combination of cement and lime (or clay) in a ratio of 3: 1 will save money, which will absolutely not win back on quality.
Before you start pouring the solution, the molds should be cleaned and wiped. This will prevent the resulting blocks from sticking to the bottom and walls. For such rubbing, diesel fuel, used oil, or similar means are used.
The density of the solution is a direct indicator of the rate of solidification. The thicker it is, the faster the block can freeze. The main characteristics of the quality of cinder blocks depend not only on the production technology, but also on the choice of solution. Below are the different types of mixtures, the use of which demonstrates certain characteristics that are required for the material.

Video - Cinder block. Instructions for a beginner

Cinder block is a modern analogue of many natural building materials. Recently, it has been very popular with summer residents and owners of country houses, as it has a lot of advantages, including low price and low weight, especially from a cinder block you can build any type of building alone - from a small shed to a bathhouse or residential building. Of course, this material has its drawbacks, but they can be quickly eliminated by additional facing works.

The peculiarity of this building material is that, if necessary, it can be made independently at home. For example, when you have a limited budget or just need blocks of non-standard sizes. In this article, we will talk about the technology for the production of cinder blocks with our own hands, about the basic requirements, rules and nuances of manufacturing, and also give a couple of tips and recommendations.

General information

Cinder block - a material that is made by vibrocompression of a concrete solution, has a rectangular shape with technological voids inside (up to three) of various shapes, a standardized size of 18.8x19x39 cm.

There are blocks without voids - they are called full-bodied. They are much less common, since hollow cinder blocks are cheaper and have better thermal and sound insulation characteristics. The volume of voids does not exceed 30% of the total volume of each unit.

You can often hear that if the highest quality cement is used in the manufacture of a cinder block, then a reliable foundation for a bathhouse or a house can be built from home-made blocks. But this is not so, because the blocks for the base must withstand heavy loads. Therefore, we recommend that for the construction of a bathhouse or a residential building, you still need to purchase raw materials in a specialized building market or replace them with foam blocks.

In the manufacture of breeze blocks at home you will need a special form, ideally made of metal, in order to use it a few cycles in a row, and a special vibrostanok. It is also best if you have a drawing of the blocks themselves, because without it can happen absolutely not what you wanted originally.

If you wish you can change the parameters of the standard drawing, depending on the type of construction and the goals you want to achieve.

For production at home you will need:

Coarse sand;
Blast furnace slag or fine screening of crushed stone, crushed expanded clay;
brand cement is below M400;
Vibrating and vibrostanok;
Form for the cinder block.

On average, one bag of cement is sufficient for the production of 36 standard size of cinder blocks.

The most important quality characteristic of a material is its geometry. They should be perfectly straight face, otherwise, the presence of defects, irregularities and so on, to make the clutch will not be possible. To achieve the perfect geometry in the form of fill solution is necessary not just to the brim, and a small "hill", as the solution will sit a little vibration.

Mixing the solution

To begin, you need to understand that there is no perfect recipe for mixing solution. Each artist in the power to change the ratio of members of the ingredients, but if you do the first time the creation of cinder block with your hands, you should adhere to a standard structure:

7 parts of slag;
2 parts sand or gravel fraction 0.5-1.5 cm;
1.5 parts of cement M400 or M500 better;
2-3 parts water;

As a basic filler, instead of blast-furnace slag can be used expanded clay, clay, gypsum, gravel, perlite, and many other analogs. But there is one important rule - if the main filler selected slag, the addition of other additives is strictly not recommended.

Particular attention is paid to the amount of water in the mixture. The solution should not be too liquid or vice versa.

Also in the mixture can be added to 5 grams per unit plasticizer which helps to increase thermal performance, to protect the material from moisture and low temperature.

If you would like to receive colored cinder blocks, the solution may be to add a bit of chalk or crushed brick.

In order to ensure quality, we can do a simple test: Take in your hand a little bit of the solution, crumple it into a ball and throw it on a flat surface. If it is scattered by the collision, but at the reverse compression regained circular shape - such a mixture may be safely used in construction.

Manufacturing technology

In the case when you do not plan large-scale construction work, the construction of a multi-storey building, and so on, blocks can be created without vibrocompression.

Form Assembly

Assembling a form is not a difficult process. The form is made of wood or metal, its dimensions must correspond to the dimensions of the future cinder blocks, on average it is 40x20x20 or 39x18.8x19 cm.

The design consists of a bottom and side walls. The edges of the mold are made from sheets of metal 5-6 mm thick. The walls are welded together or notches are made in the transverse and longitudinal walls with a grinder, with the help of which they are attached.

If desired, and also in order to speed up the process, you can assemble a form with several cells 2,3,4 and even 6 or 8. To do this, just increase the length and width of all faces and install additional partitions between the cells.

To create hollow blocks, cylinders made of wood or metal are attached to the bottom using ordinary hardware (screws or nails), usually 2-3 pieces. To save money and make your work easier, you can use ordinary empty bottles instead of cylinders.

If you use wood as the walls of the form, then they must be painted with oil paint so that the solution does not stick to the wood.

Manufacturing with a mold

Ideally, for the cinder block production process, find a secluded room with a good ventilation system, a flat floor and dry air.

Step by step instructions for the production of blocks using the form:

To begin with, all prepared components must be placed in a concrete mixer, adhering to the above proportions.
When the solution is ready, they fill out the form. In order to create voids in the thickness of the blocks, bottles are placed inside the mold with their neck up, usually two or three, pre-filled with water.
The mixture is carefully compacted so that it fills all the voids and removes air bubbles, because the more air the block contains, the less high-quality and reliable it is.

The solution is left for 5-6 hours, after which the bottles are removed, and the blocks themselves are left in the form for another day. After the blocks are taken out and stored in stacks in a dry place inaccessible to sunlight. Dry them for 28 days, so that the solution completely hardens and gains its ultimate strength.

In order to prevent cracking and other deformations, the blocks must be sprayed with a small amount of water for the first few days, after which they should be wrapped with a layer of plastic film.

Production using vibrostanka

The vibrating machine allows you to speed up and facilitate the production of cinder blocks at times, but the price of such a unit is not quite small. Therefore, for a one-time use, it is better not to buy a machine or assemble it yourself, although in this case you will need certain knowledge in electrical and engineering.

The price of a machine depends on three main factors: manufacturer, power and productivity.

Here are 3 simple steps for making blocks at home using a vibrating machine:

The mixture in the required proportions is kneaded in a concrete mixer.
The solution is filled into a mold with a small slide. After 5-10 seconds, the vibrator is turned on, the solution is deposited. The procedure is repeated until the moment when the clamp settles on the stopper.
Then the machine turns on again for 10-15 seconds, and the form is removed without turning off the unit.

Within a week (5-7 days), the blocks are dried, and their complete hardening occurs no earlier than a month later.

Cinder blocks are stored in pyramidal piles up to one hundred units in each pile.

Blocks made with the addition of cement are stronger and more durable. Lime blocks cope with loads a little worse.
During drying, do not place the blocks on top of each other closely. This can be done only after the solution has completely dried.
If sand is replaced with small granules, then the technical characteristics of such a material will only increase.
If you want to save money, you can combine cement and lime in a ratio of 3 to 1. This will not affect the quality in any way.
Remember, the thicker the solution, the faster the block will dry.
Immediately before pouring the form, it must be cleaned and wiped. To do this, use diesel fuel, used engine oil, and so on. This manipulation will prevent the solution from sticking to the matrix.

Despite the fact that wood and brick are leaders in the construction markets, many craftsmen have learned to save money by making inexpensive, but high-quality material - cinder block. Owners of summer cottages are attracted by a simple production technology. A machine for making cinder blocks at home can be bought at any construction market. By adhering to the recipe, it is possible to produce blocks of fairly decent quality without much difficulty in a short time.

Cinder block - an artificial wall stone made from a mixture of slag and cement, designed for erecting walls of one-story buildings. It is also used as an additional insulation in the construction of frame houses. The production of this material is possible at home on your own. It is not recommended to make only foundation panels yourself. The requirements for the reliability of the foundation of the building are very high, so it is better not to save money and buy ready-made elements.

There are such varieties:

full-bodied - have the greatest strength, are designed for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions, cladding;
hollow with a degree of voidness of 40% - they have higher heat and sound insulating properties due to the presence of cavities inside, they are cheaper, but inferior in strength due to the thinness of the walls;
hollow with a degree of voidness from 25 to 30% - have optimal proportions in terms of thermal conductivity and strength, the most popular.

Depending on the thickness of the blocks are:

wall - standard size 390 x 190 x 188 mm;
partition walls - 390 x 90 x 188 mm.

When self-manufacturing, the dimensions can be arbitrary, a prerequisite is the stability of dimensions.

Specifications

Cinder blocks have a relatively low thermal conductivity - from 0.20 to 0.65 W / m3 (better than that of a brick). Due to this, they are often used not only as a structural material, but also as a heater.
Density - from 750 to 1450 kg/m3. It differs from all other types in high strength - brand from M35 to M125. The parameter must be taken into account when designing communications, as it is difficult to cut.
Frost resistance is up to 50 freeze-thaw cycles without visible damage.

Advantages:

low price;
availability and variety of materials for manufacturing, the possibility of obtaining products with the desired set of parameters suitable for specific purposes;
benefits for the environment - due to the use of waste from the metallurgical industry (slag), as well as the breakage of brick and concrete remaining during the demolition of old buildings, the number of construction waste dumps is reduced;
fire resistance;
is not a favorable environment for the development of fungi, mold, is not subject to damage by rodents;
ease of installation of walls.

Disadvantages:

very high degree of hygroscopicity - it strongly absorbs moisture from the air, reliable lining on both sides is required;
the presence of hazardous substances (sulfur) - for their complete weathered blocks stand in the open air for at least a year, the purchase is necessary to check the certificate of environmental safety;
due to the need of quality waterproofing, facing the total cost of the structure is slightly lower than when using the more expensive building materials, significant savings obtained only in the manufacture of their hands.

Cinderblock often build utility, household, industrial premises, garages.

On the slag for the production of blocks

This silicate waste metals, it is sieved through a sieve. The slag produced during the combustion of solid fuels (coal, wood) contains radioactive components, however for the construction of dwellings it is not used.

Varieties of toxins:

granulated (granshlak);
form of pellets.

For the manufacture of building blocks selected the largest fraction of granulated waste smaller (form of pellets) are on the production of asphalt paving tiles. Price for 1 ton of material - from 100 rubles. Distinguish waste ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy (blast), the second option is preferable, as obtained in the processing of non-ferrous metals are more expensive.

The composition of the mixture to obtain a block

The binder is selected not lower cement grade M400. Filler or completely consists of slag or mixed - added in a small ratio of crushed stone (secondary acceptable) or usual sand, expanded clay, fine expanded clay, crushed brick. The proportions for the cinder block: 8-9 parts of filler 1.5-2 parts binder. If the cement brand M500, it can take about 15% less than the M400.

Slag is typically at least 65% of the total aggregate. For example, 9 parts of at least 6 falls on him, the balance complement sand, rubble. But it is theoretically possible to use a brick or concrete fighting for the production of their own hands, sifting. Regardless of the type of material is conventionally called, and such products cinder. Classical ratio: 2 parts sand, 2 parts of crushed stone, slag 7 parts, 2 parts of portland cement M400.

Water is added in a ratio of about 0.5 parts. Ready-made semi-dry mixture was obtained. To check the quality, toss a handful on a hard surface. If someone was scattered, but when compressed again easily finds the old form, the composition is suitable for use.

To obtain a colored block, colored chalk or crushed brick chips are added. To increase the strength, professional plasticizers are introduced. Sometimes gypsum, sawdust, ash are added as a partial replacement for slag.

It is better to mix the components in a concrete mixer or mixer, but such equipment is expensive. A small amount is kneaded by hand, the process is laborious.

Technology of production of cinder blocks

They are made in two ways:

manually - the quality of finished products is low, uneven, but generally meets the requirements of standards;
vibration casting, using a vibrating table or a vibrating machine - they are more durable.

In large volumes, they are made by vibrocompression. The equipment for this method is expensive, so it is not suitable for home production. The room should be well ventilated, with a flat hard floor. This is a necessary condition for drying and storage.

Regardless of the method chosen, the prepared mixture is first placed in special rectangular frames. They are made of plastic, wooden boards or metal sheets, always collapsible and without a bottom - for easy extraction. For the same purpose, before pouring, the walls are lubricated with grease or soapy water. It is more convenient to use formwork from several cells (usually from 4 to 6). When making from wood, boards with an absolutely smooth surface are chosen, otherwise knots and irregularities will cling when stripping.

Hollow formers are additionally attached to the bottom of the mold for hollow blocks - cylindrical or rectangular made of metal or wood. Instead of them, you can put glass bottles, after the mixture has solidified, they are taken out.

2. Do-it-yourself machine.

A simple ready-made machine for cinder blocks costs from 6,500 rubles. But if you want and have a set of necessary tools and parts, it is not difficult to make it at home on your own.

Procedure:

From four steel sheets 3-4 mm thick, weld a rectangular shape without a bottom with an internal size of 390x190x190 mm.
Along the perimeter of the top of the box, weld a steel strip-side.
Weld guides to the lower parts of the short sides for easy removal and movement of the machine.
Cut from a metal pipe of circular cross section with a diameter of about 6 cm three parts of equal length.
Install the segments in an upright position in a row of one line at a distance of about 4 cm from each other and connect them by welding or gluing between them. To the outer sides of the extreme pipes, also attach jumpers for connection with the walls. The exact dimensions of all parts depend on the diameter of the void formers and the length of the box.
Close the pipes from above with plugs. Insert the pipe structure into the mold and attach.
Install height limiters on the inner walls of the box.
Attach handles to the short sides.
From the fifth steel sheet, cut out the clamping cover. During the production of blocks, it is put on the void formers so that they protrude. Therefore, in the cover there should be slots for pipes and jumpers between them, larger by 1-2 mm in size.
From above, weld two U-shaped handles to the received part. They are installed along the short sides of the cover vertically.
Attach to one of the long sides of the mold with bolts or welded studs a site vibrator motor. Since its cost is relatively high and it is difficult to obtain it, it is possible to use a two-shaft motor from a washing machine instead. Balancers are attached to a homemade engine.

3. Manufacture of cinder blocks by hand.

Spread plastic sheeting on a flat surface or floor. Put greased molds on it.
Prepare the mixture according to the recommended proportions.
Sort it into shapes. For hollow blocks, insert bottles (if there are no void formers).
Level the surface, remove excess mortar.
Remove the bottles after 5 hours.
After 24 hours, get the blocks.
Lay out on a flat horizontal surface.
After a week, fold in several rows and leave to dry for another 21 days. During the drying process, they are covered with a film. Optimal conditions - air temperature from +20 to +25°C, no direct sunlight.

If there is a vibrating table, the molds are placed on its surface. Vibration is turned on for about a minute. The exact time is best determined empirically by making test bricks. Exceeding the exposure time to vibration leads to poor quality. Then the structures with the compacted mixture are removed from the table and treated in the same way as in manual manufacture (see paragraphs 5-8 of the instructions).

4. Do-it-yourself production of cinder blocks at home on a vibrating machine.

Manufacturing scheme using a simple machine:

Lay out pieces of plywood or OSB measuring 500x300 mm on the floor. They will serve as substrates for the blocks.
Install the machine on the first sheet of plywood.
Prepare the composition, observing the recommended proportions.
Fill in the form.
Turn on the engine for 20-30 s (for a more accurate determination of the optimal time for the vibrator to act on cinder concrete, it is recommended to make test bricks and evaluate their strength, uniformity of the finished material).
Turn off the vibration - the mixture settles a few centimeters, fill the box to the top again. Turn on the motor and press the cover. It should rest against the height limiters on the inner walls.
After turning off the vibration, remove the machine from the block and move it to the next substrate.
Repeat all steps on each prepared plywood sheet.

The terms of readiness and drying conditions are the same as for manual production.

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