Brick ordinary ordinary. The use of solid ordinary bricks. Pros and cons of the product

The emergence of a huge number of building technologies has significantly supplanted a simple brick, but it will always remain in demand. And the reasons for this are not only traditions, but also the unsurpassed properties of a brick wall. In terms of strength and durability, nothing can compete with brick buildings.

Speaking of building ceramics, one of the first things to note is its environmental friendliness, which can only be compared with natural wood. But unlike the latter, brick walls do not burn or rot.

A brick house has always served and will serve as a standard of reliability and prestige. If in Europe today few people build brick houses, this does not mean at all that brick is technologically behind. It’s just that it’s expensive for Europeans to build from brick, because its production requires considerable energy costs. And the Europeans somehow did not work out with energy resources.

The most common representative of building ceramics is an ordinary brick. But, despite the modesty of its name, work with the "ordinary" requires certain knowledge and qualifications.

Types of ordinary bricks and scope

In the last decade, the technology for the manufacture of aerated concrete has significantly advanced, which partially replaced ordinary bricks in enclosing structures. Aerated concrete is lighter than brick, has superior heat-shielding qualities, does not require high qualifications of a bricklayer, and besides, an aerated concrete wall is also cheaper than a brick one. But such a wall will be inferior to a brick wall in terms of strength, and, when this is important, the wall is laid out of brick.

Brick weight

Ceramic brick is solid and hollow. Solid bricks have the highest strength, while hollow bricks have this indicator lower due to the presence of internal voids in the form of round or rectangular through holes. These holes reduce the weight of the brick and increase its thermal efficiency. The volume of voids in an effective brick is 15-45%. The weight of a solid brick is approximately 3-4 kg, and a hollow one - 2-2.5 kg.

The purpose of a brick depends on its type. Due to the fact that solid brick has high strength and large mass, it is used for:

foundations, plinths, basement walls. In the underground and near-ground parts of the building, it is unacceptable to use hollow bricks, since water entering the cavities of the brick will break it when it freezes;
stoves and fireplaces. Due to the large mass, the solid brick has a high heat capacity, which contributes to the efficient accumulation and rational distribution of heat. Hollow brick is not used in the furnace business, because. temperature drops lead to rupture of the walls between the internal voids;
thin partitions in a quarter of a brick. If you fold a thin partition on the edge of hollow brick, then due to the through holes, its sound insulation will not be provided;
load-bearing walls, arches, columns and other structures that require increased strength.

The advantages of hollow bricks are in its thermal insulation effect and low weight. These properties make it suitable for:

external walls no higher than 3 floors, due to which the load on the foundation is reduced, the heat-shielding properties are improved and the cost of the structure is reduced;
half-brick partitions, making them easier and therefore reduce the load on the foundation or ceiling.

Brick sizes

The brick differs in size into single, double and one and a half. The most common single brick with dimensions of 250 × 120 × 65 mm. Larger bricks are called ceramic stones and are produced only in a hollow version. So, for a one-and-a-half brick, the physical dimensions are 250 × 120 × 88 mm, and for a double brick - 250 × 120 × 250 mm.

A single brick with its dimensions allows, using various types of masonry, to easily vary the thickness of the wall. Its weight and dimensions are chosen so that it is easy to work with (the brick fits easily in one hand and is held by it without much effort).

One-and-a-half and double bricks allow, first of all, to save mortar and reduce the area of cold joints. Such stones are often used for the construction of external walls and partitions.

Technical characteristics of ceramic bricks

Each batch of bricks is accompanied by a certificate, which indicates its technical characteristics in accordance with GOSTs. These are the following characteristics.

Volume weight. For solid bricks, the volumetric weight is in the range of 1500-1900 kg / m³, and for hollow bricks - 1300-1500 kg / m³.

brand brick characterizes its strength. It is indicated by the letter "M" and shows how many kilograms per 1 cm² the brick can withstand before destruction. Building bricks have grades M50, M75, M100, M125, M150, M175. More durable bricks are called clinkers and are used for cladding. The weight of the brick also depends on the brand: the higher the brand, the heavier the brick.

Brick M50 is usually used for the construction of fences, partitions and other unloaded structures. For load-bearing walls in the individual construction of houses in 2-3 floors, brick M75-100 is used. Brick brand M100-150 is used for the construction of load-bearing walls and arches, M150-175 - for laying foundations and plinths. The required brand of brick is always indicated in the project.

Water absorption brick - a characteristic directly related to density. The more pores in the material, the higher the water absorption and the lower its frost resistance. Water absorption is expressed as a percentage and denotes the ratio of moisture to the volumetric weight of a brick after 48 hours of exposure to water. For building bricks, water absorption should not exceed 13-15%.

Frost resistance brick is measured in the number of freezing cycles. The lower the water absorption of the material, the greater the number of freeze-thaw cycles it can withstand without destruction. Frost resistance is indicated by the letter "F". For building bricks, this parameter can be from F25 and higher, and it is better to conduct the front masonry with bricks with frost resistance of at least F35.

Coefficient of thermal conductivity brick is directly dependent on the density and type of structure. A solid building brick is characterized by a thermal conductivity in the range of 0.45-0.8 W/m×°C. For hollow bricks, this coefficient is 0.3-0.55 W / m × ° С. It is easy to calculate that in order to meet modern requirements for the thermal conductivity of enclosing structures, a meter-thick brick wall is required. Today, no one would build a house with such thick walls. To bring the thermal conductivity to the desired parameters, the brick wall is insulated from the outside with mineral wool or expanded polystyrene. Thus, you can get by with walls of 1.5-2 bricks.

Colour brick depends on the type of clay and firing. Too pale and too dark bricks most often do not comply with GOST. It's either underfiring or overfiring. According to GOST, the color of the brick must correspond to the reference product approved by the specific brick factory. Most types of clays are red-burning, i.e. when fired, they acquire a reddish tint. But in some regions there are white-burning clays, which, when fired, give a white, yellow or apricot hue.

Brick selection

To be sure of the quality of the purchased brick, you need to pay attention only to certified products. Ceramic building bricks must have a certificate indicating GOST 7484-78, or TU and GOST 530-2007.

Particular attention should be paid to the conformity of brands of purchased batches of bricks. Experts recommend abandoning the M50 brand, replacing it with the M75 brand. The fact is that if the M50 brick does not correspond to the declared strength, and such strength is indicated in the project, then the design risks becoming unreliable. Therefore, a certain margin of safety is necessary especially when using "low" grades.

It is advisable to inspect all purchased batches of bricks yourself. High-quality brick does not have black marks, cracks, broken corners and other flaws. When tapping on a brick with a metal object, a characteristic ringing should be heard. If instead of ringing a dull thud is heard, then most likely there are many microcracks inside the brick, which significantly reduce its strength and frost resistance.

Transportation of bricks, especially over long distances, is associated with considerable costs. Bad roads often cause a lot of fighting. Today, bricks are sold in packages on pallets. At the warehouse, they are loaded by forklifts, but on the spot, as a rule, they have to be unloaded manually by the piece. If you unload the brick inaccurately, then some of the products will be damaged. Therefore, the choice of loaders must be treated very responsibly, and even better - to control the unloading yourself. Bricks should be stored on wooden pallets so that they do not absorb moisture from the ground.

The main material for laying walls is ordinary brick, which is also called working or building. Its manufacture, as well as the production of the front material, is regulated by GOST 530-2012. RosEvroProduct offers the best products of guaranteed quality for any construction conditions.

Features of ceramic ordinary brick

Ordinary building brick is the main wall material that provides the required masonry characteristics for subsequent work. The main physical and mechanical characteristics of an ordinary brick are no different from the parameters of finishing analogues:

strength - M100-M300;
density - 0.7-2.4 units;
frost resistance - F25-F300.

For the manufacture of ordinary bricks, the most common grades of clay are used, which is why it usually has a red, orange or yellow color with tints. A product without voids or with their share up to 13% of the volume (density 2-2.4 units) is called a solid ordinary brick, it is used in the lower masonry belt (foundation, basement, beginning of the first floor).

In addition, an ordinary brick can be hollow and porous and does not impose special requirements on the quality and surface finish, which allows the use of simple equipment and technologies in its production. Unlike the front material, which allows a free interpretation of dimensions, the dimensions of an ordinary brick are strictly fixed: 250x120x65 and 250x120x88 mm of a single and one and a half execution, respectively.

For the manufacture of porous bricks, crushed organic or polymeric fillers are added to the ceramic mass, which completely burn out during firing, providing products with a special structure. Thanks to this, ordinary red brick becomes lighter and acquires unique heat-insulating properties. For an ordinary solid brick, the heat loss is 0.6-0.7 W / m 2, for a hollow one - 0.34-0.43 W / m 2, and for a porous one - only 0.18-0.22 W / m 2 . In other words, the porous structure makes this material 2-3 times more efficient than other types of ordinary bricks.

Comparison of ordinary and facial bricks

It is the undemanding nature of ordinary bricks to the quality of surface finishes that makes it possible to produce porous material, which is excluded in the case of face products. In addition, products can have tongue-and-groove or groove locks and additional surface corrugation. An ordinary single solid brick in this design will provide additional strength and accuracy of masonry in the most critical places of the zero cycle of the building, when installing chimneys and laying furnaces. Ceramic bricks have a sufficient margin of safety to ensure the long service life of the listed parts of the structure.

With proper selection of materials, porous or hollow ordinary bricks and hollow face products together will provide a high level of thermal insulation of the building and minimize the cost of additional heating. In addition, for ordinary bricks, the tolerances for deviations from linear dimensions are 1.5 times greater, which increases the life of the equipment. He does not need dyes and special additives for clay. All of the above explains why the price of an ordinary brick is much lower than the cost of other types of materials.

Using an ordinary brick

Ceramic brick has a wide range of characteristics that allow you to build reliable and durable buildings from it. To do this, you only need to follow the simplest rules for choosing and working with the material. For example, an ordinary solid brick M125 or less should be used for internal partitions and filling voids in building structures. Brick grades M150 and above are suitable for load-bearing walls, and always use the most durable material in the foundations and plinths of houses.

RosEvroProduct offers a wide range of materials and is ready to provide them for the construction of small and large facilities for various purposes. You can buy a single ordinary brick, ready-made parts for foundations and floors, the main types of bulk materials, metal products and much more. We promise reasonable prices, a decent level of service and guarantee high quality products and services. Contact us and appreciate the benefits of mutually beneficial cooperation!

In almost all areas of construction, ordinary brick is used: for the construction of walls, plinths, partitions. Its advantages include high strength and the ability to withstand heavy loads.

Ordinary building bricks belong to the ceramic type, and in addition to it, there are several more types of bricks according to the manufacturing method.

Silicate brick. It is made from quartz sand and air lime by pressing and autoclaving.

Advantages of silicate brick:

made from environmentally friendly raw materials;
good sound insulation, so it is often used for laying interior walls in apartment buildings;
high resistance to low temperatures;
high strength;
wide distribution and abundance of species;
small price.

Disadvantages of silicate brick:

low water resistance;
little resistance to high temperatures.

Also, according to GOST, there are adobe and hyper-pressed types.

Production of ceramic red brick

For quite a long time, the technology of making red brick was laborious and required a lot of manual labor. Now this technology is fully automated and does not depend on the season (before, drying, for example, was carried out only in summer).

The production process is divided into the following stages:

Clay selection. Deposits with single-layer clay are quite rare, so a single-bucket excavator is not suitable for clay extraction. In deposits with multilayer clay, bucket and bucket wheel excavators are used. During mining, the clay is mixed, and an average composition is obtained. Other types of excavators are not suitable, as they mine clay in layers. Such stringent requirements for the uniformity of the composition are due to the complexity of selecting the necessary conditions for drying and firing (they are different for each composition).
Drying. Dryers are divided into chamber and tunnel. In chamber dryers, clay is loaded completely, and the temperature and humidity change in stages, throughout the entire volume of the dryer. Clay is loaded into tunnel dryers gradually and passes through zones with different temperatures and humidity. Drying parameters are highly dependent on the type of clay, the more water it contains, the more difficult it is to remove it without various consequences for the future product, for example, the appearance of cracks. The suitability of clay for production is determined by special examinations.
Roasting is necessary in order for low-melting materials in the composition of clay to bind and partially melt refractory metals. For each composition, it is necessary to choose such a temperature regime in order to ensure maximum strength of the future product.

Firing ceramic bricks in a tunnel kiln

Brick ordinary hollow and solid

Ceramic ordinary brick by structure can be divided into two types:

Hollow - a type of red brick, in which voids are provided to reduce weight and gain good thermal insulation properties. Because of this, the strength of the material suffers, and such a product is not suitable for all types of work.

In accordance with GOST, the weight of the product varies from 2 to 2.5 kg, and the ratio of emptiness to the total volume varies from 15% to 45%.

The hollow type is often used for construction:

The outer wall of a low house. This approach reduces the load on the foundation, as well as the cost of construction, since a hollow product costs less than a solid one.
Thin light partitions.

Hollow type is better not to use for construction:

Foundations and structures where moisture will get. Water enters the voids, freezes, and the integrity of the structure is severely violated.
Structures that will be subjected to sudden temperature changes or constant high temperatures. The design from this can "break".

Solid - a type of red brick in which there are no voids. Its advantages include high strength and good sound insulation.

In accordance with GOST, the weight of a brick varies from 3 to 4 kg.

Brick ceramic ordinary solid single is often used for construction:

Foundations, basement walls of the house.
Stoves and fireplaces. A solid product has good thermal properties, unlike a hollow one.
Structures requiring high strength.

Brick sizes

According to GOST, bricks are of the following types:

single (250x120x65 mm);
one and a half (250x120x88 mm);
double (250x120x140 mm).

Products with sizes larger than double are called ceramic stones, and they are made only hollow.

Many types of walls and masonry are made from ordinary single bricks. It is convenient to work with him, he fits firmly into the hand of the master, allowing him to apply the solution with his free hand.

The thickened one-and-a-half ordinary brick, as well as the double one, allows to reduce the cost of construction, reduce the consumption of mortar.

How to choose the right ordinary brick is told in the following video:

Specifications

GOST defines the technical characteristics of each individual type. As a rule, they characterize the degree of frost resistance, heat resistance, and the maximum load to be carried. Red ordinary brick has the following characteristics:

strength grade (from 50 to 175, determines the mass of the product and the allowable load);
volumetric weight (determines the density of the product);
frost resistance (the number in the name determines the maximum number of freezing or defrosting cycles);
thermal conductivity;
moisture absorption.

When choosing an ordinary brick for building a house, you should carefully study all its technical characteristics and decide whether this particular type of product is right for you or not.

Advantages and disadvantages

Ceramic brick is ordinary and front type. The second type is used in almost all areas of construction.

Advantages of ordinary red brick:

high frost resistance, making it very flexible and convenient for almost any type of construction;
good soundproofing properties;
low moisture absorption (about 14%, and in some species this value reaches 3%);
environmentally friendly raw materials are used;
great strength and density.

Disadvantages:

high price compared to the silicate type of product;
the need to use a quality solution to avoid the appearance of efflorescence;
the need to buy products in batches so that they are strictly the same color, if plastering or other finishing work is not planned.

Conclusion

Both ceramic and silicate types are suitable for building a house. The first type can be used to build almost anything, but the second one has a lower cost. Ceramic bricks are also highly fragile, so their transportation must be treated with care.

When building a house, an ordinary brick is almost always useful:

Foundation installation. Brick foundations are especially often used in the construction of low buildings. Good water resistance is a very important quality for the material of the future foundation, and this fact is taken into account in the first place when choosing materials.
Basement masonry. The temperature conditions inside the house directly depend on high-quality or low-quality basement masonry, so the choice of material must be approached with the utmost responsibility.
facades. In addition to traditional concrete, the use of red brick is also a good solution when building a facade.
Internal walls. Every wall in the house should have good thermal and sound insulation qualities. Temperature fluctuations inside the house during the day with the right selection of materials are almost not felt.
Bake. For the construction of the furnace, you need to choose bricks with a high strength grade (from 150) and exclusively full-bodied.
Cellars. Basements are subject to low temperatures and high levels of moisture, especially in winter. The material for the construction of the basement must have high frost resistance and low moisture absorption.

For the construction of walls, partitions, plinths, etc. builders use ordinary brick. It differs from other types of bricks in greater strength, which makes it possible to use it for buildings that are subjected to heavy loads.

Building bricks are made from high quality clay or a special building mix of sand, lime and clay.

A very large selection of ordinary bricks can be found on the website http://e-kirpich.kiev.ua/ryadovoy-kirpich. The company sells it at manufacturer prices, so it is an affordable building material. In addition, you can also order a service for the delivery of building materials to the required facility.

Advantages and disadvantages of ordinary brick

Among the main disadvantages of this building material are the following:

the brick has a fairly large weight;
brick is characterized by relatively low thermal insulation qualities;
working with such a brick is quite laborious and difficult;
in order for a brick building to be of high quality and last for a long time, it is necessary to involve qualified masons in the construction process;
the cost of a brick is quite high.

Despite a number of shortcomings, brick continues to be popular in construction. This is due to a number of its positive qualities, among which are:

ordinary brick has a high level of wear resistance, increased strength and density;
brick buildings are characterized by a high level of sound insulation;
brick buildings are as moisture resistant and absorbent as possible;
brick is considered one of the most environmentally friendly materials.

Types of building bricks

Ordinary brick is conditionally divided into several types, depending on the classification.

Solid type brick.
Hollow type brick.

Each of these types has its own characteristics and is recommended for a certain type of work. Therefore, when purchasing bricks, you will need to consult with experts who will help you make the best choice in each individual case.

Also, the brick is divided depending on its size:

single type of brick;
one and a half size of building material;
brick with double dimension.

The last two types of bricks can be used for wide masonry using less mortar, while the first type is suitable for building standard walls.

Properly selected brick will serve you for many years, and buildings made from it will be distinguished by their increased strength, durability and reliability.

All about bricks - in this video:

Reading time ≈ 3 minutes

Ordinary (building) brick is used for the construction of socles, basements, load-bearing walls, partitions. Differs in the increased durability and transfers big loadings. Applicable for the construction of arches and columns, laying fireplaces or stoves. It is made from high quality clay or a mixture of quartz sand with lime and water.

Main types

Building bricks are of two types:

full-bodied;
hollow.

Building material with voids (from 15 to 45%) is suitable for the construction of partitions, load-bearing walls of buildings with a height of no more than 3 floors. Due to the somewhat lower strength of the structure, an increased load on the supports is unacceptable. The hollow type is not used for the construction of fireplaces or stove structures. The weight of an ordinary brick of a solid type is about 4 kg, a hollow one is not more than 2.5 kg.

Dimensions of an ordinary brick

Single (250×120×65 mm);
One and a half (250 × 120 × 88 mm);
Double (250×120×138 mm).

Single allows you to build standard walls, easy to use. One and a half and double types are used to create a wider masonry. They allow you to use a smaller amount of mortar, thereby reducing the area of cold joints obtained (reliably protect the building from hypothermia, simplify subsequent insulation). Before carrying out work and purchasing materials, the calculation of the number of bricks is carried out in relation to their size, features of mortar joints.

Technical characteristics of building bricks

Its structure and composition affect the features of building bricks. The main parameters are determined by the degree of frost resistance, the load to be carried and the durability of the material. An ordinary brick has the following characteristics:

strength grade: from 50 to 175 (the higher the grade, the greater the mass of the brick and the higher the load it can carry);
volumetric weight: 1500-1900 kg/m³ (for solid ones) and 1300-1500 kg/m³ (for hollow ones);
frost resistance: from F25 (the number next to "F" indicates the number of freeze / thaw cycles tolerable);
thermal conductivity: 0.3-0.55 W / m ° C (for hollow) and 0.45-0.8 W / m ° C (solid);
water absorption: less than 13-15% (the absorption coefficient of ceramic is lower than that of silicate).

When choosing a suitable type, it is necessary to take into account all the parameters of a particular type, dimensions and weight. Under brick buildings, it is necessary to prepare reliable foundations, determined by the mass of the finished building. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the requirements for the insulation of walls and a brick basement.

Advantages and disadvantages

There are no special requirements for the external design and evenness of the building material. It may have minor chips, uneven edges, and have an uneven color. Subsequent finishing allows you to hide all the shortcomings; small errors will not affect the quality of the structure being built. The purchase can be made at any hardware store, the cost depends on the special structure, material and size of an ordinary brick.

Ceramic solid brick is great for building chimneys, fireplaces, foundations. From frequent contact with water or exposure to elevated temperatures, its condition and performance properties will not change. Silicate, in turn, has a lower cost. Another important difference is the increased fragility of the ceramic type, which must be taken into account when transporting and loading building materials. Many customer reviews indicate the need for careful transportation and storage of this type of brick.

Before buying building materials, you need to familiarize yourself with the features of laying solid and hollow bricks. Professional photo and video collections with recommendations will be the best help for high-quality work. Correct preparation of the solution and the subsequent creation of even seams will allow you to build a truly reliable and durable structure. An ordinary brick, with careful and proper laying, can last for 100 years or longer.

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