Preparing buildings for winter. Seasonal preparation for the operation of buildings and structures. What is the preparation for the heating season of an apartment building

Works to be performed by the contractor to maintain the house in a technically sound condition and prepare the house for the winter and spring period

According to the annex to the Decree of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Construction and Housing and Communal Complex dated September 27, 2003 No. 170, the following list of works is defined to maintain the house in a technically sound condition:

A. Works performed during technical inspections and inspections of individual elements and premises of residential buildings;

B. Works performed during the preparation of residential buildings for operation in the spring and summer;

C. Works performed in the preparation of residential buildings for operation in the autumn-winter period;

D. Work performed during partial inspections;

D. Other works.

A. Works performed during technical inspections and inspections of individual elements and premises of residential buildings.

1. Elimination of minor malfunctions in water supply and sewerage systems (change of gaskets in water taps, sealing squeegees, removing blockages, adjusting flush tanks, fixing sanitary appliances, cleaning siphons, lapping plug taps in mixers, stuffing glands, changing a float-ball, replacement of rubber gaskets at the bell and ball valve, installation of limiters - throttle washers, cleaning the tank from lime deposits, etc.).

2. Elimination of minor malfunctions in central heating and hot water supply systems (adjustment of three-way valves, stuffing glands, minor repairs of thermal insulation, elimination of leaks in pipelines, appliances and fittings; dismantling, inspection and cleaning of air collectors, vantoz, compensators, control valves, valves, gate valves; descaling of shut-off valves, etc.).

3. Elimination of minor malfunctions of electrical devices (wiping of light bulbs, change of burnt out light bulbs in public premises, change and repair of sockets and switches, minor repairs of electrical wiring, etc.).

4. Cleaning the sewer bed.

5. Checking the health of sewer hoods.

6. Checking the presence of draft in the smoke ventilation ducts.

7. Checking the grounding of the baths.

8. Minor repair of stoves and hearths (strengthening doors, pre-furnace sheets, etc.).

9. Coating with minium putty of fistulas, sections of steel roof ridges, etc.

10. Checking the grounding of the sheath of the electric cable, measuring the insulation resistance of wires.

11. Inspection of fire alarms and extinguishing equipment in houses.

B. Works performed during the preparation of residential buildings for operation in the spring and summer .

1. Strengthening downpipes, elbows and funnels.

2. Re-preservation and repair of the irrigation system.

3. Removing the springs on the front doors.

4. Preservation of the central heating system.

5. Repair of equipment for children's and sports grounds.

6. Repair of sagging blind area.

7. The device of an additional network of watering systems.

8. Strengthening the flag holders.

B. Works performed during the preparation of residential buildings for operation in the autumn-winter period.

1. Warming of window and balcony openings.

2. Replacement of broken glass windows and balcony doors.

3. Warming of entrance doors to apartments.

4. Warming of attic floors.

5. Insulation of pipelines in attics and basements.

6. Strengthening and repair of parapet fences.

7. Checking the serviceability of dormer windows and blinds.

8. Production of new or repair of existing running boards and walkways in attics.

9. Repair, adjustment and testing of central heating systems.

10. Repair of stoves and kitchen hearths.

11. Warming of boilers.

12. Warming and cleaning of smoke ventilation ducts.

13. Replacement of broken windows and doors of auxiliary premises.

14. Preservation of irrigation systems.

15. Strengthening the flag holders.

16. Checking the condition of the air vents in the socles of buildings.

17. Repair and insulation of external water taps and columns.

18. Delivery of door closers.

19. Repair and strengthening of entrance doors.

D. Work performed during partial inspections .

1. Lubrication with minium putty or other mastic of ridges and fistulas in places of roof leaks.

2. Checking for draft in smoke and ventilation ducts and gas ducts.

3. Minor repair of stoves and hearths (strengthening doors, pre-furnace sheets, etc.).

4. Change gaskets in water taps.

5. Consolidation of squeegees.

6. Cleaning the internal sewerage.

7. Cleaning the siphons.

8. Adjusting the cistern.

9. Lapping of the plug valve in the mixer.

10. Adjustment and repair of a three-way valve.

11. Strengthening loosened plumbing fixtures at the points of their connection to the pipeline.

12. Stuffing of glands in valves, taps, gate valves.

13. Strengthening pipelines.

14. Checking sewer hoods.

15. Minor repair of insulation.

16. Ventilation of wells.

17. Wiping light bulbs, changing burnt out light bulbs in stairwells, technical undergrounds and attics.

18. Elimination of minor electrical wiring faults.

19. Change (correction) of sockets and switches.

D. Other works.

1. Adjustment and adjustment of central heating systems.

2. The same ventilation.

3. Flushing and pressure testing of the central heating system.

4. Cleaning and flushing of water taps.

5. Adjustment and adjustment of automatic control systems for engineering equipment.

6. Preparing buildings for the holidays.

7. Landscaping of the territory, care of green spaces.

8. Removal of snow and ice from roofs.

9. Cleaning the roof from debris, dirt, leaves.

10. Cleaning and cleaning of the local area.

11. Cleaning of residential, utility and auxiliary premises.

12. Washing windows, floors, flights of stairs, landings, walls, removing dust from stairwells.

13. Removal of debris from the building and its removal.

14. Cleaning and flushing of refuse chute shafts and their loading valves.

15. Watering sidewalks and paved areas.

March 25, 2007 address: / Russia (Moscow region - Moscow region) / Lyubertsy / Mitrofanova / 15 (building 7)

In addition, all buildings and structures are subject to periodic technical inspections carried out by commissions appointed by the heads of institutions.

There are three types of inspections:

General, or seasonal (semi-annual), when the entire building, its structures, engineering equipment, external landscaping are examined;

Partial, in which only certain parts of the building are examined, for example, the roof, basement, elevator, central heating, etc.;

Extraordinary, carried out after natural disasters - showers, hurricanes, floods, etc., as well as at the direction of higher authorities.

The commission is appointed by the head of the organization, enterprise. It is headed by the Chief of Operations, OKC or another department depending on the structure of the enterprise. The commission includes: the person responsible for the operation of the facility, representatives of the maintenance service that operates the engineering equipment of buildings, etc.

The results of all types of inspection are documented in acts that record the identified defects and damage, as well as the timing of their elimination.

As a rule, the next general technical inspections of buildings are carried out twice a year: in spring, after the snow melts, and in autumn, when the building is accepted for winter operation. The materials of the autumn inspection serve as the basis for planning the current repair next year. During the spring inspection and the beginning of the preparation of the building for winter, the upcoming work is specified, which must be completed by the beginning of winter operation and accepted during the autumn inspection.

The winter period of operation of buildings is the most difficult in the work of enclosing structures and engineering equipment. Therefore, preparation for it usually takes all summer time.

During seasonal inspections of buildings, the main attention is paid to preparing them for winter: during the autumn, their readiness for winter operation is checked and work plans for the next year are drawn up, and during the spring, the work that needs to be completed in the summer is specified so that the buildings are well prepared for the next winter operation. .

In the plans for preparing for winter, the first place is given to work on sources of heat and water supply, heating mains, on in-house heating systems, hot and cold water supply, gas supply, on identifying faults in them, carrying out adjustment work, and adjusting valves. All changes caused by the repair of systems must be reflected in the operational documentation.

The second important task of preparing for winter is the repair of roof structures, panel joints, insulation of doors, windows, gates, repair of drains, blind areas and other elements of the building that ensure the preservation of heat in it during the winter. A building is considered prepared for winter if all the planned work on building structures and engineering equipment has been completed in it. The readiness of buildings for winter operation is checked by a special commission two weeks before the start of the heating season and is formalized by an act. In this case, a test firing of boilers, a check of heating systems and other full-scale checks are usually carried out. The allocated two weeks before the start of the heating season are used to eliminate the faults identified during the inspection.

Before the start of the spring-summer operation of buildings, a set of measures should also be taken to increase the ventilation of attics and undergrounds, to stop heat supply systems, and to clarify plans for their maintenance and repair in the summer. At some sites, it may be necessary to carry out measures to prepare for the spring flood: clearing special drainage ditches and regulating the flow of melt water.

According to the scope of work, technical inspections are divided into general (complex) and partial (selective).

During a general inspection, the entire building or structure as a whole, including all structures of the building or structure, including engineering equipment, various types of finishes and all elements of external improvement, or the entire complex of buildings and structures, is subject to inspection.

During a partial inspection, individual buildings (structures) of the complex or individual structures, types of equipment (for example, trusses and beams of a building, wells on a sewer and water supply network) are examined.

General technical inspections of buildings and structures are carried out twice a year - in spring and autumn.

Spring inspections should be carried out by April 15 of the current year. During the spring technical inspection it is necessary:

Carefully check the condition of load-bearing and enclosing structures and identify possible damage that has arisen as a result of atmospheric and other influences;

Identify defective places that need long-term monitoring;

Check the mechanisms of elements of windows, doors, lanterns, gates and other devices that open;

Check the condition of the drains and blind areas.

Autumn inspections are carried out 1.5 months before the onset of the heating season. During the autumn technical inspection it is necessary:

Carefully check the bearing and enclosing structures of buildings and structures and take measures to eliminate various kinds of cracks and gaps;

Check the readiness of building coatings for snow removal and the equipment with the necessary equipment, as well as the condition of gutters and drains;

Check the serviceability and readiness for operation in winter conditions of elements of windows, lamps, gates, doors and other devices that open.

In addition to regular inspections, extraordinary inspections of buildings and structures should be carried out after natural disasters (fire, hurricane winds, heavy rains or snowfalls) or accidents.

When monitoring the condition of buildings and structures, it is necessary:

Annually, using geodetic instruments, check the position of the main structures of industrial buildings and structures in areas subject to mine workings;

Maintain proper planning of the land near the building and facilities for the removal of atmospheric water. The planned surface of the earth should have a slope from the walls of the building. The blind area around the building must be in good condition. The gaps between the asphalt and concrete pavements (sidewalks) and the walls of the building must be cleared and then filled with hot bitumen, cement mortar, resin or crumpled clay;

Monitor the good condition of the roof and devices for diverting atmospheric and melt water from the roof of the building;

Monitor the tightness of the roof to the walls, parapets, pipes, towers, antenna devices and other protruding structures;

Remove snow from walls and coverings of buildings and structures in a timely manner. When cleaning the roof, it is forbidden to use impact tools that can damage roofing materials;

Do not allow the storage of materials, production waste and garbage, as well as arranging flower beds and lawns directly at the walls of the building;

Monitor the good condition of internal water supply, sewerage and heat supply networks, prevent leakage in joints and through cracks in the walls of pipes, fittings and devices;

Monitor the normal operation of ventilation systems;

Periodically monitor the condition of wooden trusses, ceilings and other critical structures of buildings and structures made of wood. Ensure constant ventilation of longitudinal spaces in buildings;

In the event of cracks appearing in stone or concrete walls, reinforced concrete columns, girders, trusses, beams and slabs, immediately install beacons on them and carefully monitor the behavior of cracks and the structure as a whole;

Monitor the verticality of walls and columns;

Organize monitoring of the state of the protective layer in reinforced concrete structures, especially those that are in an aggressive environment;

Monitor the condition of seams and connecting metal structures (welded, riveted, bolted);

Organize careful monitoring of the state of the joints of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures;

Do not allow holes to be punched in ceilings, beams, columns and walls without the written permission of the persons responsible for the safe operation of the building or structure;

Avoid overloading building structures.

For each building and structure or for a group of buildings and structures, it is necessary to draw up an instruction manual for interfloor floors, platforms and floors, indicating the maximum loads for individual floors, floors and corresponding platforms. On the elements of buildings and structures that are clearly visible, inscriptions should be made and constantly updated that indicate the magnitude of the ultimate loads.

All technical documentation for buildings and structures put into operation (approved technical passport, project, working drawings, data on the geological conditions of the building site, act of acceptance into operation with documents on the characteristics of the materials used, conditions and quality of work, acts on hidden works, and also information about the deviation from the project and shortcomings at the time of putting the facility into operation) should be stored in a complete manner in the archive of the enterprise. Responsible for the transfer of materials - OKS.

Responsibilities for monitoring the operation of buildings and structures should be assigned to the department of capital construction. OKS is responsible for the timely repair of buildings and structures. The substation service is responsible for the correct operation of buildings and structures and the timely detection of defects.

The results of all types of inspections must be documented in acts that indicate the identified defects, as well as instructions indicating the activities and deadlines for the completion of work.

The results of all types of inspections, including frequent inspections - observation of cracks, deformations, must be entered in the workshop log of technical inspection of building structures of buildings and structures

Questions for self-control:

1. Parameters of buildings controlled during operation;

2. Seasonal technical inspections;

3. Partial technical inspections;

4. Unscheduled technical inspections;

5. Activities for the seasonal preparation of operated buildings;

6. Technical documentation for operated buildings.

Preparing for the heating season worries both homeowners and management organizations. But it is necessary to prepare for it already in May. We will talk about the plan of mandatory measures to prepare the house for the heating season. Also in the article you can download a checklist for checking the readiness of MKD for winter and useful cheat sheets.

What is the preparation for the heating season of an apartment building

Preparing a house for the heating season is the most important measure to ensure the safety of the common property of a high-rise building, therefore, first of all, homeowners should be interested in its implementation.

A correctly and timely completed set of measures to prepare for the heating season will ensure such living conditions for the inhabitants and the functioning of engineering equipment during the heating season that meet regulatory requirements.

The MA or HOA, according to the law, is responsible for taking steps to prepare the house for the heating season at the right time. All activities related to the technical preparation of the house for the heating season are determined by the owners of the premises at the time of concluding an agreement with the management company.

What is included in the list of works to prepare the house for winter

Training housing and communal services facilities by the heating season is necessary in order to ensure timely and high-quality performance of work on the repair and maintenance of buildings and equipment that complies with the legislative standards for people living in the winter.

Order of the Ministry of Energy of March 12, 2013 No. 103 (hereinafter - Rules No. 103) approved the Rules for assessing readiness for the heating period, according to which consumers of thermal energy must complete the necessary preliminary work before the next cold season no later than September 15 of the current year.

carry out the following activities:

Troubleshooting walls, roofs, ceilings, filling windows and doors;
correction of malfunctions in the operation of heating furnaces, gas and chimneys, heat, electricity and water supply systems;
ensuring proper waterproofing of foundations, stairwells, walls, checking the serviceability of fire hydrants;
bringing the territory of households into a technically sound condition, removing obstacles to the removal of melt and atmospheric waters.

The start date of the heating season is also set by local governments. They, taking into account the proposals of the organization that maintains this housing stock, determine the dates for the start and completion of winter preparation for each residential building and infrastructure facilities. Event end dates, including trial fireboxes in central heating systems and stoves, depend on the location of the territory and are:

in the central regions - by September 15;
in the northern and eastern - by September 1;
in the south - by October 1.

The owner of the housing stock or an organization engaged in its maintenance draws up a schedule for preparing the house and its engineering equipment for winter. This document is approved by local governments based on the results of a spring inspection of the shortcomings that were identified over the past period.

The function of monitoring the progress of work on preparing the house for winter is assigned to:

local governments;
housing stock owners and their authorized representatives;
housing authorities.

During the preparation of the house for the heating season, testing, verification, repair and adjustment of all systems and devices that are involved in the process of uninterrupted heat supply to apartments are carried out. Among them:

boiler rooms;
local and group heating points in houses;
home networks;
ventilation and heating systems.

At heating units and points, as well as boiler houses, when preparing a house for the heating season, it is necessary to provide:

automation tools;
instrumentation;
locking and control equipment;
wiring diagrams for heating systems, cold water, hot water, supply and exhaust ventilation;
constructions indicating how the equipment should be operated in various modes (filling, draining water from heating systems, make-up, etc.);
technical passports of equipment;
regime cards;
parameter logs;
hardware defect logs.

When preparing gas facilities for winter, it is necessary to adjust pressure regulators and shut-off and safety valves. Pumping stations, fire-fighting equipment systems must be equipped with basic and backup sets. In addition, it is necessary to adjust and check the automatic switching on of backup pumps in case of failure of the main ones.

During the preparation of housing and communal services for winter the following activities are carried out:

training and retraining of personnel for employees of heating points, boiler houses, emergency services, janitors;
preparation or restoration of diagrams of such in-house systems such as gas and water supply, sewerage, etc. At the same time, for locksmiths and electricians who, in the event of malfunctions and accidents of in-house engineering systems, will participate in their elimination, the location of switches and valves must be indicated;
preparation of emergency services (equipment, vehicles, means of communication, materials, tools), as well as instruction of personnel;
as for unheated premises, it is important to repair the insulation of water and sewer pipes.

If there is water in the basements, during the preparation of the house for winter it must be pumped out, the irrigation water supply must be disassembled after shutdown, the water meter must be insulated. It is equally important to do everything necessary to ensure that the manholes of the yard network, as well as sewer and general outlets at the ends of the house from the prefabricated pipeline, which is laid in the technical underground (basement), work smoothly.

During the cold period, it is allowed to close the air vents in the technical undergrounds and basements of the house only during severe frosts.

During the performance of all these works in rooms that are not heated, they insulate the fire-fighting water supply, check the condition and repair the insulation of sewer pipes and cold water, hot water and central heating.

Preparing your home for the heating season perform the following actions:

insulate openings of windows and balconies, as well as entrance doors to apartments;
replace, if necessary, glass in doors and windows on balconies and auxiliary premises;
insulate attic floors;
check the serviceability of blinds and dormer windows;
repair and strengthen the parapet fences of the house;
insulate pipelines in attics and basements;
repair existing or produce new bridges and running boards in the attics of the house;
repair, test and adjust central heating systems;
repair kitchen hearths and stoves;
insulate boilers and smoke ventilation ducts, clean them;
preserve irrigation systems;
strengthen the flag holders on the house;
equip entrance doors with door closers;
check the air in the basement;
strengthen and, if necessary, repair entrance doors;
insulate and restore external water-folding columns and taps.

The schedule, which is made up for a week, month and year, reflects the timing of the work to prepare for the heating season and their list.

Maintenance and repair of MKD: work procedure, control, responsibility

What requirements should the preparation of residential buildings for the heating season meet?

Verification of the completion of all necessary measures in residential buildings is carried out by the commission, according to the established form, a passport is issued for the readiness of the house to work in winter conditions.
The district government is responsible for bringing the housing stock, as well as the utility and engineering facilities related to it, in line with the requirements for the heating season.
Work on preparing the house for winter is carried out by a contractor for the maintenance of residential buildings and their engineering equipment.
City specialized enterprises that own, lease or manage the heat and water supply facilities and engineering networks are responsible for the quality and timing of bringing them into full working condition by the heating season.
Representatives of the subscriber, city heat supply organizations and district councils carry out acceptance of the readiness of the equipment of the heating point and the input and distribution heating networks.
In-house heating systems are accepted by a commission, which includes representatives of:

the owner of the house;
organization that operates the building;
district councils;
organization supplying thermal energy in accordance with the contract.

In order to register the in-house heating system and recognize its level as satisfactory, it is necessary to obtain the seal of the enterprise with which the contract for the supply of thermal energy has been concluded.

The organization that manages or manages the building (hereinafter referred to as the owner of the building), in accordance with the established form, draws up an act of readiness of the heating system of a residential building. This document is approved by the head of the district council and issued in triplicate, which are sent to:

the owner of the building;
to the district government;
in a housing service organization.

The owner of the heat point draws up a cumulative statement in three copies according to the established form: for himself, the district council and the heat supply organization.
After the accumulative statement is filled out, the owner of the heating point (ITP, TsTP) draws up an act of readiness of the subscriber for the heating season. This document is signed by representatives of the owner of the subscriber, the heat supply organization, the district council. The act is approved by the head of the administration of the district where the house is located. One copy is sent to the owner of the heating point, the second is kept in the district administration, the third - in the heat supply organization.
When issuing the act of readiness of the subscriber, the following documents are attached to the document:

act of readiness of the heating system of a residential building;
building readiness certificate;
accumulative list.

Acceptance of residential buildings is carried out with the participation of a representative of the State Housing Inspectorate of the city of Moscow, who conducts a random check of objects for their compliance with documents confirming their level of preparation for winter. If this official reveals violations of existing norms, the deadlines for eliminating these deviations are set, and the responsible persons are subject to punishment.
In order for a residential building to be recognized as prepared for the heating period, its engineering systems must work without failures, and structural elements, entrances, attic and basement must be brought into a satisfactory condition.
The passport of readiness of a residential building is jointly issued by:

the owner of the building or the organization in whose economic jurisdiction it is located;
housing maintenance company.

The readiness passport is issued in the approved form as the preparation of houses for winter is carried out for each of them. The process of filling out the document begins with spring inspections, the development of a set of measures for the heating season and making notes on the further progress of work.

The document is approved by the deputy head of the district council in whose territory the house is located. The passport is issued in two copies, one of which is stored in the DEZ, the other - with the owner of the building. It is necessary to attach copies of the acts of readiness of the heating system of a residential building and the subscriber to it. If the last document is missing, it is necessary to issue a letter of guarantee from the owner of the heating point.

Organizations that own (lease, manage) central heating stations and distribution networks, during the preparation of intra-quarter hot water supply and central heating systems, as well as heating points, should take care of the uniform distribution of water and heat for heating and hot water supply. At the entrance to a residential building in preparation for winter, it is necessary to ensure the following indicators:

For cold water supply:

the water pressure in the supply pipeline of the system cannot exceed the static pressure by more than 0.2 MPa, while it must be at least 0.05 MPa higher than the static one.

In places of water intake in apartments, the indicators are characterized by the following values:

the minimum pressure in front of the gas water heater of the upper floors is not less than 0.1 MPa;
free pressure at sanitary appliances 0.02–0.05 MPa;
the maximum water pressure is not higher than 0.45 MPa.

For hot water supply:

in the DHW supply pipeline, the temperature of hot water at the inlet to the house must be within the limits: for closed systems - 60 plus or minus two degrees; for open systems - 60–75 degrees;
at the calculated circulation flow, the pressure difference between the circulation and supply pipelines should not be lower than 0.03–0.06 MPa;
for both systems, the temperature in the circulation pipeline is maintained within 46–55 ° C, and the water pressure exceeds the static pressure by at least 0.05 MPa;
to ensure the circulation of hot water, its pressure in the circulation network must be by the amount of available pressure below the water pressure in the supply pipe of the house.

In places of water intake in apartments, the following indicators must be observed:

1. hot water temperature:

for closed systems not lower than 50 °C;
for open systems not lower than 60 °C;
for any systems not higher than 75 °C.

2. the maximum water pressure is not higher than 0.45 MPa;

3. Sanitary appliances have a free pressure of 0.02–0.05 MPa.

For central heating:

as for the return network water, its average daily temperature should not be more than 5% higher than the one set by the schedule; the deviation of the average daily temperature of the water that enters the heating systems is provided at a level not exceeding 3% of the value approved by the schedule;
in order for the coolant to circulate, the pressure in the supply pipeline must be higher by the amount of available pressure (which, in accordance with the project, is supported by heat supply organizations) of the required pressure in the return network;
the water pressure in the return pipeline must be: for the system - at least 0.05 MPa higher than the static pressure; for pipelines, heating appliances, fittings and other equipment - not higher than the permissible limit;
the air temperature should not fall below +18 °C in residential premises and below +20 °C in the corner rooms of the house.

In preparation for winter, heating points are equipped with automation tools that provide:

control of consumption of drinking water and thermal energy in heat consumption systems;
set water temperature in SGW;
restriction of consumers by the level of consumption of network water;
required pressure for independent connection of heat consumption systems;
in case of exceeding the limiting parameters of the coolant - protection of networks from excessive water temperature and pressure;
stopping the analysis of water from the expansion tank when the lower level is reached in it and stopping the supply of water to the tank when filled to the upper mark;
the specified water pressure drop in the pipelines (supply and return) and the required pressure level in the return pipeline;
when the working pumps are turned off, the reserve ones are activated;
prevention of situations in which the heat consumption systems are emptied.

In residential apartments, in the connections to the mixing water fittings, the temperature of hot water should be 50 degrees. The setting of HW thermal automatics in heating points should ensure the maintenance of a predetermined heating level.
The coordination of the regime map of the heat point when preparing the house for winter should take place with the participation of the water supply and sewerage enterprise and the heat supply organization.
To ensure the conditions for uninterrupted and rational water consumption, the auxiliary cold water pumps must be switched on automatically using sensors that are mounted on the circulation pipeline (up to the suction pipes of the circulation pumps).
When preparing for the winter of automation devices, automatic regulators and technological protection of water supply and heat networks, it is necessary to:

periodically check their work and inspect their condition;
adjust and adjust the regulatory bodies that support the specified parameters;
clean and lubricate moving parts.

Once every four years, a hydraulic test of plate heat exchangers should be carried out.
Every year, with the participation of the heat supply organization, the owner of the building performs the following actions:

inspects the expansion tank installed in the building;
checks automatic make-up devices and communication lines "heat point - expansion tank";
determines the timing of troubleshooting when they are detected.

The communication lines "heat point - expansion tank" and the automation on the expansion tank are checked by the organization that, under an agreement with the owner of the building, serves the heat point.

If the expansion tank or its elements are physically worn out, it is advisable to replace it according to a specially developed project of floor membrane expansion tanks in the premises of the central heating substation. In this situation, it is important that before the start of the heating season, the installation of new equipment and work on its launch are completed. At the same time, the installation of floor membrane expansion tanks in the basements of residential buildings outside the central heating center is prohibited.

In order to detect network water leaks and determine its consumption for make-up, heating points with an independent scheme for connecting heating systems are equipped with water meters on make-up lines.

The scheme for bringing into operation the automatic make-up of expansion tanks is subject to mandatory coordination with the heat supply organization.

Repair of MKD entrances: procedure and responsibility of the Criminal Code

Preparing the house for winter and checking heating systems

Due to the peculiarities of the geographical location, the heating season in Russia is quite long. In accordance with SNIP 23-01-99, the duration of this period largely depends on which climatic zone we are talking about, and is an important indicator for centralized heating systems. For example, in the northern latitudes, residential buildings and public buildings are heated for 7 or more months a year, which entails significant costs. This fact is predetermined by the peculiarities of weather conditions in these areas.

Heating costs consist of:

payment for the supply of energy;
system maintenance costs, including the repair and conservation of heating systems during the non-heating period.

Preparing the house for winter involves carrying out activities not only of a technical, but also of an organizational nature. Owners of apartments and buildings equipped with individual heat generators carry out these works on their own.

Preparation rules thermal enterprises for the heating season are established by local government authorities and are subject to mandatory execution by all housing and communal services institutions and other organizations that are responsible for the serviceability of systems. In the course of these works, the following objects are inspected and tested:

boiler rooms;
local heating plants;
internal and external heating networks.

In order for the preventive and maintenance work of heat supply systems to be carried out according to a single algorithm, the relevant ministry developed rules for preparing for the heating season and assessing readiness for heat supply. They define the procedure for conducting on-site inspections, as well as the list of state bodies responsible for their implementation.

Owners of autonomous heating systems for residential and industrial facilities independently determine the start date of the heating season, based on the climatic features of the region and current weather conditions. Often, in such buildings, heating is turned on earlier than in those houses that are serviced by management companies and housing and communal services.

The heating systems are switched off, according to the current rules, when the average daily temperature outside the window is above 8 degrees Celsius for 7 consecutive days. If this parameter decreases, heating of houses should be resumed. In the conditions of individual heat supply, the issue of stopping the supply is decided by each owner of a house or apartment independently, which makes it possible to significantly save on energy costs.

To minimize the negative impact of water on the elements of the heating network, at the end of the winter season, take measures for the conservation of heat supply equipment for the summer period. Wherein:

carefully inspect all parts of the heating system, identify malfunctions;
the coolant is drained from the network, after which the detected damage is eliminated;
check the serviceability of the automatic control lines of the circulation pump, heating boiler and other components of the system. If necessary, individual mechanisms are repaired or replaced;
after completion of repair work, the system is filled with coolant.

Timely holding of such events will allow you to qualitatively prepare the house for the winter and ensure the safety of equipment. In some parts of the system, shut-off valves are provided that serve to remove air pockets.

The standard algorithm for preparing the house for winter is reflected in the corresponding instructions, using which each homeowner can do the required work for the heating season on their own at minimal cost. According to this regulation, it is forbidden to leave the system for a long time without a coolant, because it is impossible to dry the pipes from the inside, because of which the metal structural elements may suffer from corrosion.

What preparation for the winter of an apartment building should be carried out in the summer

To prepare the house for winter in the summer, work should be done on the following systems.

1) Boiler rooms:

checking instrumentation, automation, equipment and fittings;
elimination of gaps in the lining of chimneys and boilers;
fuel delivery:

liquid - focusing on the capacity of warehouses, but not less than the average stock for a month;
solid - at the rate of 70% of the amount that, according to forecasts, will be required in the heating period.

Fuel storage is carried out according to the "Rules of technical operation";

operator training.

2) Heat points:

in preparation for winter, equipment and fittings are checked.

3) Hot water and heating systems:

checking taps and other valves, air collectors and expanders;
carrying out hydropneumatic flushing of radiators when they are underheated;
restoration of destroyed or replacement of insufficient thermal insulation in stairwells, niches of sanitary facilities, basements, attics;
after the repair is completed, all devices are subjected to trial firing and operational adjustment.

4) Heating networks:

flushing the system;
elimination of periodic and permanent clogging of channels;
reinforcement check;
replacement of insufficient or restoration of destroyed pipe insulation in cellars and chambers.

In addition, the following winter preparation activities:

revision, repair, replacement of inventory and cleaning equipment of janitors;
informing users about the norms for preparing houses for winter, as well as the need to replace broken glass, install sealing gaskets in the porches of window and door openings, etc.;
purchase of sand and salt or its substitute for pavement sprinkling;
verification of primary means for extinguishing fires.

Preparing for the winter of an apartment building in terms of preventing and eliminating accidents

The relevant recommendations and instructions provide answers to all questions regarding the organization and technology of emergency recovery work at housing and communal services facilities. Let's talk about what are the functions of operational personnel to prevent accidents that are possible during the cold season.

So what organizational and technical measures it is necessary to carry out when preparing houses for winter in order to ensure uninterrupted power supply to housing and communal services:

checking the reliability of energy saving in engineering equipment systems, the availability of backup jumpers and power sources, sectional valves in medical and children's institutions, etc.;
checking equipment during trial runs, troubleshooting;
equipping relevant organizations with materials, equipment and instructions that are necessary to eliminate breakdowns;
equipping with memos on the actions of personnel during accidents of boiler houses, thermal and dispatch centers, housing maintenance organizations;
training and briefing of employees on the topic of emergency recovery actions, development of practical skills for eliminating breakdowns.

Repair activities in heat supply stations are carried out in order to eliminate breakdowns and their results and start work first according to a simplified, and then according to the main scheme. There are various techniques to adapt the principle of operation of boiler rooms to the situation.

Restoration work on urban heating networks are carried out in order to:

ensure the calculated performance of the systems or, if this is not possible, reduce the coolant parameters to those that correspond to a decrease in the air temperature in buildings by no more than 8 ° C;
first of all, to supply heat to objects of paramount importance in order to maintain stable operation of the industry;
create conditions for circulation, which will protect the coolant in the system from freezing;
localize and eliminate damages and accidents in order to prevent the failure of the entire heat supply network;
if necessary, partially or completely turn off the hot water supply in order to ensure the heating of buildings;
in water heating systems, temporarily use steam as a heat carrier;
change the method of laying damaged sections of heating networks;
switch the heating system to the adjusted operating mode.

Most often, collectors and heating networks are subjected to the following damage:

ruptures of metal pipes due to internal and external corrosion;
violation of the tightness of flange connections in those places where the pipe is attached to the fittings;
deformation, cracks, fractures of pipes and other elements of the system;
failure of fixed supports;
damage to fittings, leaks in those areas where stuffing box compensators and fittings are installed;
rupture of pipes due to freezing of the coolant.

To detect damage heating networks, you should use one of the following methods:

the use of indicator substances that are introduced into the pipe and fixed at the site of damage;
acoustic, electronic-acoustic;
sonar.

The period of time during which the circulation of the coolant at a steady outside temperature can be suspended must be determined by the maintenance service in advance, based on the characteristics of the building and local weather conditions. For example, it is allowed to turn off the heating system for up to 8 hours at minus 10 °C and for a period of no more than 4 hours at minus 15 °C.

In each section of the heating network, when preparing the house for winter, it is necessary to equip a water drain and determine the rate of filling and emptying the pipeline.

When localizing an accident, the following Events:

reduce the pressure in the networks to a minimum;
disconnect damaged or destroyed elements of the heating network;
completely shut off the heat supply.

In an emergency, it is especially important to provide hot water to the most important objects. To do this, measures are being taken to increase the throughput of previously tested networks:

transition to an adjusted mode of operation;
operation of networks according to the 150/70°C system with a cutoff for the coldest period at 130°C;
if the boilers, pumps, pipes and fittings are strong enough, a change in the work schedule is allowed:

instead of 150/70°С - 180/70°С;
instead of 130/70°С - 150/70°С.

If, after the completion of the restoration measures, it is not possible to provide the required mechanical strength of the system elements, it is necessary to switch to a lower temperature graph and pressure.

If there is not enough heat energy for heating buildings and structures, according to a list compiled in advance, a temporary shutdown of hot water supply and partial ventilation is carried out.

How to check how well the preparation of the house for winter is carried out

Upon completion of work, to assess the level of preparation of houses for winter, local governments conduct inspections in settlements and urban districts.

The degree of completion of activities by the cold season in apartment buildings is determined by the level of compliance with the requirements of Regulation No. 103. At the same time, the following is also checked:

implementation of measures to prepare for winter, which were carried out by persons managing an apartment building and acquiring energy and coolant for the provision of public services for hot water supply and heating;
actions of persons who own residential and non-residential premises in the building and have contracts with a heat supply organization for the provision of its services.

To carry out the inspection of consumers of thermal energy, a commission is formed, to which, upon agreement, representatives can be involved:

housing inspection and Rostekhnadzor;
a single heat supply organization;
enterprise, to the thermal networks of which the heat-consuming installations of end customers are connected.

Based on the results of the control, act of checking readiness for the heating period, which indicates the conclusion of the inspection commission regarding the level of compliance of the apartment building with existing standards:

the object is ready for the heating period;
the house will be ready for winter after the elimination of the problems discovered by the commission during the inspection;
the object is not ready for the heating season.

The original of the inspection report is sent for storage to the administration of the municipality, copies are provided to the HOA, the management company, the housing cooperative or the owners of the house. The document must be approved by the commission and submitted by September 15.

During the preparation of houses for winter, it is important to ensure the stable operation of manholes of the yard network, sewer and general outlets at the ends of buildings from a common pipeline, which is laid in the basement.

At the end of the heating period, the equipment of all heating systems, in accordance with the established requirements, is tested with hydraulic pressure. After the elimination of defects identified during the inspection, repeated pressure tests are carried out.

Attached files

Passport of readiness of the house for operation in winter conditions.doc
Checklist for checking the readiness of MKD for winter operation.rtf

Seasonal preparation for operation of buildings and structures

Types of technical inspections

At the same time, all buildings and structures are subject to periodic technical inspections carried out by commissions appointed by the heads of institutions. There are three types of inspections:

general, or seasonal (semi-annual), when the entire building, its structures, engineering equipment, external landscaping are examined;

partial, in which only certain parts of the building are examined, for example, the roof, basement, elevator, central heating, etc.;

extraordinary, carried out after natural disasters - showers, hurricanes, floods, etc., as well as at the direction of higher authorities.

The commission is appointed by the head of the organization, enterprise. It is headed by the head of operations, OKC or another division based on the structure of the enterprise. The commission includes: the person responsible for the operation of the facility, representatives of the maintenance service that operates the engineering equipment of buildings, etc.

The results of all types of inspection are documented in acts that record the identified defects and damage, as well as the timing of their elimination.

The winter period of operation of buildings is the most difficult in the work of enclosing structures and engineering equipment. For this reason, preparation for it usually takes all summer time.

During seasonal inspections of buildings, the main attention is paid to preparing them for winter: during the autumn, their readiness for winter operation is checked and work plans for the next year are drawn up, and during the spring, work is specified that is extremely important to perform in the summer so that the buildings are well prepared for another winter operation.

The second important task of preparing for winter is the repair of roof structures, panel joints, insulation of doors, windows, gates, repair of gutters, blind areas and other elements of the building that ensure the preservation of heat in it during the winter. The building is considered prepared for winter if all the planned work on building structures and engineering equipment has been completed in it. The readiness of buildings for winter operation is checked by a special commission two weeks before the start of the heating season and is formalized by an act. In this case, a test firing of boilers, a check of heating systems and other full-scale checks are usually carried out. The allocated two weeks before the start of the heating season are used to eliminate the malfunctions identified during the inspection.

According to the scope of work, technical inspections are divided into general (complex) and partial (selective).

During a general inspection, the entire building or structure as a whole is subject to inspection, including all structures of the building or structure, incl. engineering equipment, various types of finishes and all elements of external improvement, or the entire complex of buildings and structures.

General technical inspections of buildings and structures are carried out twice a year - in spring and autumn.

Spring inspections should be carried out by April 15 of the current year. During the spring technical inspection, it is extremely important:

Carefully check the condition of load-bearing and enclosing structures and identify possible damage that has arisen as a result of atmospheric and other influences;

Identify defective places ͵ that need long-term monitoring;

Check the mechanisms of elements of windows, doors, lanterns, gates and other devices that open;

Check the condition of the drains and blind areas.

Autumn inspections are carried out 1.5 months before the onset of the heating season. During the autumn technical inspection it is extremely important:

Carefully check the bearing and enclosing structures of buildings and structures and take measures to eliminate various kinds of cracks and gaps;

Check the readiness of building coatings for snow removal and the equipment with the necessary equipment, as well as the condition of gutters and drains;

Check the serviceability and readiness for operation in winter conditions of elements of windows, lamps, gates, doors and other devices that open.

In addition to regular inspections, extraordinary inspections of buildings and structures should be carried out after natural disasters (fire, hurricane winds, heavy rains or snowfalls) or accidents.

When monitoring the condition of buildings and structures, it is extremely important:

Annually, using geodetic instruments, check the position of the basic structures of industrial buildings and structures in areas subject to mine workings;

Monitor the good condition of the roof and devices for diverting atmospheric and melt water from the roof of the building;

Monitor the tightness of the roof to the walls, parapets, pipes, towers, antenna devices and other protruding structures;

Remove snow from walls and coverings of buildings and structures in a timely manner. When cleaning the roof, it is forbidden to use impact tools that can damage roofing materials;

Do not allow the storage of materials, production waste and garbage, as well as arranging flower beds and lawns directly at the walls of the building;

Monitor the good condition of internal water supply, sewerage and heat supply networks, prevent leakage in joints and through cracks in the walls of pipes, fittings and devices;

Monitor the normal operation of ventilation systems;

Periodically monitor the condition of wooden trusses, ceilings and other critical structures of buildings and structures made of wood. Ensure constant ventilation of longitudinal spaces in buildings;

In the event of cracks appearing in stone or concrete walls, in reinforced concrete columns, girders, trusses, beams and slabs, immediately install beacons on them and carefully monitor the behavior of cracks and the structure as a whole;

Monitor the verticality of walls and columns;

Organize monitoring of the state of the protective layer in reinforced concrete structures, especially those that are in an aggressive environment;

Monitor the condition of seams and connecting metal structures (welded, riveted, bolted);

Organize a thorough monitoring of the state of the joints of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures;

Do not allow holes to be punched in ceilings, beams, columns and walls without the written permission of the persons responsible for the safe operation of the building or structure;

Avoid overloading building structures.

For each building and structure or for a group of buildings and structures, it is extremely important to draw up an instruction manual for interfloor floors, platforms and floors, indicating the maximum loads for individual floors, floors and corresponding platforms. On the elements of buildings and structures that are clearly visible, inscriptions should be made and constantly updated that indicate the magnitude of the ultimate loads.

The results of all types of inspections should be documented in acts that indicate the identified defects, as well as instructions indicating the activities and deadlines for the completion of work.

The results of all types of examinations, incl. and accelerated - observation of cracks, deformations, should be entered in the workshop log of technical inspection of building structures of buildings and structures

Questions for self-control:

1. Parameters of buildings controlled during operation

2. Seasonal technical inspections

3. Partial technical inspections

4. Unscheduled technical inspections

5. Activities for the seasonal preparation of operated buildings

6. Technical documentation for operated buildings

Seasonal preparation for the operation of buildings and structures - the concept and types. Classification and features of the category "Seasonal preparation for the operation of buildings and structures" 2017, 2018.

By September 15, 2017, persons responsible for the management of residential multi-apartment buildings (MKD) are required to complete preparations for the 2017-2018 heating season. Evidence of the successful completion of the preparatory work is the presence of a Passport of readiness for the heating season.

In the first days of July, only 37% of the housing stock, 30% of boiler houses and 37% of heating systems were ready for the new heating season.

Federal legislation on preparation for the heating season

Preparation for the heating season is regulated by Article 20 of the Federal Law of May 27, 2010 No. 190-FZ “On Heat Supply”, and the assessment of the implementation of activities is regulated by the Rules for assessing readiness for the heating season, which are approved by Order of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation of March 12, 2013 No. 103 ( hereinafter - Order 103).

Due to the fact that there is no single law on preparation for the heating season, persons responsible for these activities must be guided by the following regulations:

Decree of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation of September 27, 2003 No. 170 of the Rules and Norms for the Technical Maintenance of the Housing Stock”;
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 13, 2006 No. 491 “On approval of the Rules for the maintenance of common property in an apartment building ...”;
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 21, 2008 No. 549 “On the procedure for supplying gas to meet the domestic needs of citizens”;
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 6, 2011 No. 354 “On the provision of public services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings”;
rules for the improvement of adjacent territories, approved by local governments;
other orders of regional and municipal authorities.

In addition to the above regulatory legal acts, one of the most important aspects of preparation for the autumn-winter period is compliance with energy saving and energy efficiency requirements.

In accordance with the requirements of Part 7 of Article 12 of the Federal Law of November 23, 2009 No. 261-FZ “On Energy Saving ...”, the HOA or the management company are required to develop and at least once a year bring to the attention of the owners of premises in the MKD proposals for energy saving measures and improving the energy efficiency of managed MKDs.

What is included in the preparation for the heating season

The main tasks of the set of measures to prepare for the 2017-2018 heating season are to ensure the uninterrupted supply of thermal energy (coolant) to heated premises, regardless of their purpose.

Mandatory activities in preparation for winter are:

adjustment of intra-quarter networks with adjustment of the calculated diameters of throttling devices at the thermal unit;
carrying out hydraulic tests, repair, verification and adjustment of heat supply and ventilation systems, boiler rooms, house networks, group and local heating points;
checking the performance of shut-off safety valves and pressure regulators of gas facilities.

In accordance with Order 103, it is necessary to report on preparations for the heating season in the central regions of Russia no later than September 15 of the current year. The terms of preparation for the heating season in the northern and eastern regions have been reduced to September 01, for the southern regions they have been extended until October 01.

Control over the entire range of measures is entrusted to local governments, owners of residential and non-residential premises in MKD, housing supervision authorities and other authorized structures.

Preparation of housing stock for the heating season 2017-2018

Comprehensive preparation of housing and communal services facilities for seasonal operation is regulated by the regulatory requirements for people living in the autumn-winter period.

elimination of cracks and holes in the outer walls, plinth, attic floors, roof and places of their joining with each other, windows or doors;
restoration of plaster coating, roofing, etc.;
putting in order the technical premises;
checking the integrity of window and door fillings, closers and porches;
carrying out trial furnaces of central heating and stoves;
ensuring the removal of atmospheric and melt water from the descents to the basement, window pits;
checking the quality of waterproofing of foundations, basement walls and basement;
checking the operability of heating furnaces and installations with gas heaters, chimneys, gas ducts, internal heat, water and power supply systems.

Based on these recommendations, as well as shortcomings identified as a result of the spring inspection of the MKD and its engineering systems, the management company or the HOA develops an action plan for preparing for the heating season and approves it with local governments.

The management company's preparation plan for the heating season, in addition to technical work, includes a number of organizational measures:

retraining and advanced training of employees who ensure the operation and emergency repair of boiler houses, heating points, engineering systems;
instructing emergency service workers, maintenance workers, janitors;
carrying out technical inspection and maintenance of vehicles, means of communication, equipment, tools, cleaning equipment, inventory;
preparation or restoration of schemes of intra-house engineering systems;
conducting an audit of thermal units, operability of metering devices (with replacement, if necessary), certification of the integrity of the seals.

In addition, when preparing for the heating season, management companies and HOAs must take into account other requirements of Rules 103:

the degree of readiness of heat-consuming installations for operation and their provision of the mode of consumption of thermal energy specified in the resource supply contract;
absence of debts for supplied thermal energy, coolant;

The main problem in preparation for the heating season is the highest level of consumer debt for supplied energy resources. Debt in the housing sector is more than one trillion rubles, of which 800 billion are debts of management companies to resource supply organizations.

Mikhail Men, Minister of Construction and Housing and Public Utilities of the Russian Federation

In accordance with the Rules for the maintenance of common property in an apartment building (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 13, 2006 No. 491), the responsibility for preparing in-house engineering systems for seasonal operation is assigned to the owners of residential premises of an apartment building (in the case of direct management) or HOA and managers companies. Events are funded by the owners.

Law on "alternative boiler house"

As for preparations for the 2017-2018 heating season of the heating network, control over it will be entrusted to new structures - unified heat supply organizations (ETO).

On July 31, 2017, President Putin signed the federal law “On Amendments to the Federal Law “On Heat Supply” and Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation on Improving the System of Relations in the Sphere of Heat Supply.”

The document, which received the popular name “Law on the “alternative boiler house”, changed the system of regulation of heat tariffs. The new model provides for the establishment of a price limit for the coolant, which is called the “alternative boiler house”. This is a calculated figure. It corresponds to the cost of one gigacalorie of thermal energy in case consumers want to build their own (alternative) boiler house.

In addition to ensuring the uninterrupted process of heat delivery from the producer to the consumer, ETOs will be responsible for the entire range of measures for the construction, reconstruction, modernization of heat supply facilities, as well as for their preparation for seasonal operation.

However, the maintenance of intra-house networks, the installation of heat meters and the preparation of the heating unit for the heating season will remain the responsibility of management companies and homeowners associations.

Equipping the heating unit with modern metering devices

Among the requirements for readiness for the heating season for consumers of thermal energy is Order 101, the availability and operability of metering devices, as well as the absence of debt for the delivered thermal energy (power), coolant. Reliable accounting of consumed energy resources and timely payment are considered by federal legislation as effective ways to save energy.

As practice has shown, the installation of common house heat meters made the process of charging for a resource more transparent and understandable for consumers, opened up for them the need and ways to save heat.

Many owners of residential and non-residential premises in MKD have gone even further: they turn to the RSO and managing organizations with a request to install individual heat meters. Including - with the possibility of remote reading and dispatching data in real time.

This allows each owner to pay only for the heat that he actually consumed in his premises, plus the cost of ONE. In a situation where the house is equipped only with a common house metering device, the owners are forced to pay for heat in proportion to the area of \u200b\u200bthe premises they own.

We help to automate the accounting of any resources: heat, water, electricity, gas.

Advantages of automated dispatching for the managing organization:

hourly consumption statistics online - see the demo of your personal account;
generation of Excel-files with hourly data on the consumption of utility resources;
the accountant will have all the data on hand by the 25th;
connection of up to 2,000,000 metering devices within a radius of 10 km without the need to purchase an additional base station, repeaters and concentrators.

The STRIZH system uses LPWAN technology with a range of 10 km, without concentrators and repeaters.

Wireless Solutions for Resource Management in Multi-Apartment Buildings

In continuation of the article.

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