Child and health in kindergarten. Health care in kindergarten. Video: open lesson on health savings

Health is a priceless gifthaving lost it in youth, you will not find it until old age.
folk wisdom

Project "Health in Kindergarten"

Relevance this topic is due to the state's need for a healthy nation. It is known that the state of health of preschool children is a guarantor of the well-being of society. Therefore, it is necessary to improve and apply new methods and techniques, health-saving technologies in the educational process of preschool educational institutions and families.

Target:

to bring up a physically, mentally healthy and socially adapted child through the creation of a singlehealth-saving space "Kindergarten - family" and the practical implementation of the model of the preschool educational institution "Healthy Child" through the involvement of parents in a healthy lifestyle.

Tasks:

• Protect and strengthen the health of children, improve their physical development, increase the protective properties of the body, improve physical and mental performance.
• To form in all participants of the educational process a conscious attitude towards their health.
• To educate in children and parents the need for a healthy lifestyle as an indicator of universal culture.
• Introduce children and adults to the traditions of big sport (skiing, basketball, football, volleyball, rhythm).
• Develop basic physical abilities (strength, speed, agility, endurance, etc.) and the ability to rationally use them in various conditions.
• To form and improve motor skills and abilities, to teach new types of movements based on the acquired knowledge and motivation of physical exercises.
• To promote the assimilation of the rules of compliance with hygiene standards and the culture of life, linking together the elements of anatomical, physiological and hygienic knowledge.
• Create an optimal daily routine that ensures the hygiene of the child's nervous system, comfortable well-being, neuropsychic and physical development.
• Provide qualified diagnostics of the state of health and development of children, taking into account modern scientific approaches, monitoring and evaluating the impact of health technologies on the child's body.

In accordance with the purpose and objectives, we have determined

principles of interaction with the family

OBJECTIVES AND GENERAL STRATEGY FOR CREATING HEALTH

ENVIRONMENTS IN KINDERGARTEN AND HOME

Stages of the project

Health group - a set of vital indicators of the physical and psychological state of children, which is used to assess the health of children from birth to the age of 17, predict changes in the state of children's health and eliminate risk factors. Information is entered into the child's medical record so that any health worker without clarifying the diagnosis has the necessary information.

Children's health groups: tables and characteristics

Parents are often wary of such practices, considering distribution as a form of discrimination, but specialists, knowing the child's health group, can provide timely assistance to the child if necessary.

The distribution of children's health groups in preschool educational institutions is necessary in order to:

• children were selected the optimal level of physical activity;
• during the stay in kindergarten, the individual characteristics of the organism were taken into account;
• the child was chosen the appropriate daily routine and menu.

Health groups in preschool

The distribution of children by health groups occurs based on the results of an examination conducted by narrow specialists (dentist, otolaryngologist, neuropathologist, cardiologist, ophthalmologist and surgeon), and a comprehensive conclusion of a pediatrician. If experts deem it necessary, an additional examination, clinical studies are carried out, the child is tested.

The group is determined on the basis of the Rules for the assessment and the Instructions for a comprehensive health assessment, which were approved by the Ministry of Health. It is advisable to go through the distribution immediately after the birth of the baby, but more often parents find out the health category of their baby when submitting documents to kindergarten.

Problems of the physical and psychological state of the child, as a rule, arise when your baby starts attending kindergarten. How familiar we are!

On the third or fourth day of visiting the kindergarten, the child feels unwell, is naughty, the temperature rises. All signs of SARS, acute respiratory infections and other disorders of the child's body. The child eats poorly, sleeps poorly, which upsets the balance in the body. It is clear that your baby, getting into an unusual environment and way of life for him, faced with a new daily routine, experiences stress, which undoubtedly leads to health problems. Children's health in kindergarten- this is one of the most important goals for adapting your baby to a new life and a new team.

To avoid unpleasant moments in a child's life, every parent and kindergarten teacher must take into account the main risk factors that lead to negative consequences. A child's weak immune system, lack of hardening, daily routine, unsystematic nutrition - all this will undoubtedly affect the child's health at the moment when he changes his usual home environment. Therefore, every parent should prepare their child for kindergarten.

Important preventive measures to improve the health of the baby are hardening, exercise in the form of games, walks in the air with alternating motor game moments. Also important is rational diet and schedule. The kid should perceive the food in the kindergarten as natural, so you should accustom the child to cereals, jelly, compotes, soups long before visiting the kindergarten. A kid who is familiar with hygiene rules and skills from the family goes through the adaptation period in kindergarten much faster.

Proper, balanced nutrition of your baby will strengthen his health and his body will be more prepared for psychological stress. And, of course, sports for a child should be a natural need. Physical exercises will not only strengthen the body of your baby, but also contribute to the normalization of the psychological state, balance. Dancing, physical education, swimming, running, cycling, jumping, water treatments, gymnastics - all this develops and strengthens the child's immunity and protects his body from negative influences. And, finally, the health of a child in kindergarten depends on a stable emotional and psychological state, on the child's ability to communicate with peers, with adults, play together, behave in a team. Parents, only you can help your child easily endure stressful situations!

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Cheerful and healthy child - he can be seen immediately, he is inquisitive, active, cheerful and friendly. Unfortunately, due to unfavorable environmental conditions and many other factors, a lot of children are born with any health problems, and absolutely problem-free children are few.

What is a healthy child?

One definition of health is the mental, physical and social well-being of an individual. According to neuropsychiatrist Yu.F. Zmanovsky, a healthy child is a growing organism that is resistant to complex, extreme and pathological influences. Such a baby, even if he gets sick, is not difficult and infrequent, the child’s mood is dominated by positive, he is set to learn something new.

Physical health of children

The answer to the question of what a healthy child means in physical terms is a baby who rarely gets sick, develops harmoniously, is dexterous, strong, strong, without excess body fat. Parents of very mobile kids often complain that they are very tired of the restlessness of the child, but the parents of inactive and lethargic children, who are not interested in anything, and their only pleasure is food, should be more wary.

One of the most common children's diagnoses of our time is hypodynamia, which means a violation of many body functions (respiration, digestion, blood circulation, musculoskeletal system) with insufficient motor activity. If a child does not move much, this directly affects his health negatively:

• performance decreases;
• violated;
• muscles develop poorly;
• metabolic processes are reduced;
• develops;
• such children are more likely to get sick, take longer to recover and suffer from complications.

Children's Mental Health

The term “psychological health of children” is at the intersection of medicine and psychology, it is used to explain psychosomatic health problems - a change in the psychological state can become an impetus for the development of a somatic disease, for example, with psychological discomfort in kindergarten, a child can get sick to stay at home. Sometimes the picture develops the opposite - a physical illness causes psychological and even mental problems. Even the ancestors knew this relationship, expressing it in the saying "In a healthy body healthy mind".

How to know if the child is healthy?

Caring for the health of children is the primary responsibility of his parents, but in some cases, a teacher, teacher or doctor of a kindergarten or school may pay attention to a health problem. Only a qualified doctor can accurately determine whether a child is healthy or not, so it is necessary to visit him according to the recommended schedule for a medical examination.

A healthy child - the laws of growth and development

Today, any state is very concerned about the health of children, the urgency of the problem is due to the fact that an unhealthy population is a threat to the nation. According to statistics, completely healthy children are born less and less, and two-thirds of adult health problems are laid at a young age. Together with the family, preschool and school institutions, polyclinics are engaged in strengthening the health of children and preventing diseases.

Conceiving a healthy child

Any responsible woman thinks about the conception of a healthy child. The truth has long been known: a healthy mother is a healthy child.

The birth of a healthy child

A full-term healthy baby is born between 38 and 42 weeks, when all systems and organs are already developed. For prevention, a woman should not wear weights, wear high-heeled shoes and tight-fitting clothes, have an active sex life, and have little rest. During childbirth, a woman should listen to the instructions of the midwife and gynecologist and follow them carefully. Giving birth to a child outside the hospital, at home is dangerous for the life of both the mother and the baby.

Health of children up to a year

A child under one year old is not able to tell his parents about what worries him, the only way available for the baby to show this is crying. Often a full-fledged child cries because of some inconvenience: he is damp, cold, hungry or bored. Some health problems - pain in the tummy or gums, rashes, problems with falling asleep - are just evidence that the child's body is adapting to new conditions for him and growing.

Parents should be alert:

• poor weight gain;
• frequent;
• constant sleep or lack of sleep;
• cry, accompanied by trembling, convulsions;
• excessive excitability;
• frequent shudders;
• increased or decreased muscle tone.

Health of preschool children

The body of younger preschoolers is extremely vulnerable, since the formation of organs has not yet been completed. The health of children in kindergarten can be very poor - they often get colds, they are whiny or.

Health of school children

School is a social environment in which a child spends a lot of time. The health of children and adolescents at school largely depends on the intensity of the educational process, the rationality of its organization and the compliance of the student's preparation for stress. School health-saving support includes the creation of a safe educational space and conditions for the successful development and self-realization of the child.

The health of children at school does not suffer if the child:

• does not overwork;
• properly, fully and in a timely manner;
• observes the regime;
• alternates activities (physical and intellectual);
• involved in the social life of the class and does not conflict with teachers and classmates.

When asked what to do so that the child does not get sick, parents are often given advice - to strengthen the immune system. But at the same time, not all parents understand how to do it.

Healthy lifestyle for children

A healthy lifestyle helps to maintain health and activity into old age. The formation of a healthy lifestyle in children begins with parents, who should be a good example for their children. If a child sees positive patterns of behavior, then he does the same - he eats right, plays sports, makes an informed choice, refusing alcohol, cigarettes and other bad habits.

Raising a healthy child

The old truth is healthy children in a healthy family. A healthy family is not only people leading a healthy lifestyle, it is understanding and support, a healthy psychological climate, spiritual culture and material well-being. The child learns from the example of adults and not only grows up with these principles, but also builds his family based on the ideas received from his parents. In this way, people influence not only their children, but also build the basis for the well-being of their grandchildren and future generations.

Currently, one of the priority tasks facing teachers is to preserve health children in the process of education and training.

The problem of early formation of culture health is relevant, timely and quite complex. It is up to 7 years that a person goes through a huge path of development, which is not repeated throughout the subsequent life. It is during this period that the intensive development of organs and the formation of the functional systems of the body take place, main personality traits attitude towards oneself and others. It is important at this stage to form a knowledge base and practical skills in children. healthy lifestyle, a conscious need for systematic physical education and sports.

What does it depend on child health? Health depends on 20% of hereditary factors, 20% on environmental conditions, i.e. ecology, 10% on the activities of the healthcare system, and 50% on the person himself, on lifestyle which he leads. If the first 50% health we, educators, we cannot influence, then we can and must give the other 50% to our pupils.

Since under healthy lifestyle is understood as active human activity aimed at preserving and improving health, then this activity should include such components as proper nutrition, rational physical activity, hardening of the body and maintaining a stable psycho-emotional state. These are the components that should be included in the foundation of a healthy lifestyle for a preschooler.

The main aspects of a healthy lifestyle for a preschool child:

It is necessary that children have the opportunity to systematically move. To do this, it is necessary to promote the development major motor qualities, maintain a high level of performance throughout the day. However, it must be taken into account that healthy lifestyle for preschoolers involves the alternation of active and calm games, so that a reasonable balance between motor activity and rest must be maintained.

Forms of organization health work are: independent activity of children, outdoor games, morning exercises, motor health-improving physical minutes, physical exercises after daytime sleep, physical exercises in combination with hardening procedures, walks, sports holidays, wellness procedures in the aquatic environment (swimming pool).

Hygienic culture is as important for a person as the ability to speak, write, read. It is important to the child learned that in his body there are no organs, sections of unnecessary, ugly, that all parts of the body must be equally constantly taken care of and, first of all, kept clean. To teach the child that he has his own comb, his own bed, his own handkerchief, his own towel, his own toothbrush. Encourage children to understand that cleanliness of the body is important not only for the protection of personal health, but also the health of others.

Organize learning not only in the classroom, but also in everyday life. life when situations arise that push children to make a decision about this problem. It is necessary to pay serious attention to cultural and hygienic skills, to form the habits of proper washing, wiping, caring for the oral cavity, using a handkerchief, correct behavior when coughing and sneezing.

Hardening is one of the most effective methods of increasing the resistance of the child's body to sharp fluctuations in air temperature and, most importantly, the so-called colds. For hardening, environmental factors are used - air, water, sun. Basic the principle of hardening is a gradual effect on the body of training factors, the development of endurance to increasing in strength and duration effects.

There are several mandatory rules:

Firstly, any hardening procedures must be carried out systematically. If they are not carried out regularly, the body cannot develop the necessary reactions. Hardening can not be carried out as if for the future. If the hardening procedures are stopped (usually in the cold season, then the body's resistance decreases. Therefore, when the conditions associated with the season of the year change, one should not cancel the hardening procedures, but simply change them a little.

Secondly, the principle of gradualness in increasing the strength of the irritating effect should be observed. This is necessary for the successful adaptation of the body to changing conditions. Graduality is especially important when hardening children of early age. age whose body is not able to quickly respond to cold factors.

Thirdly, it is very important to take into account individual characteristics child, its reaction to the applied stimuli. Hardening can only be carried out with a positive attitude child for the procedure.

Consideration must be given to the state child health, features of its higher nervous activity. It is more careful to harden weakened and often ill children.

In winter, children are more likely to suffer from various colds than in the warm season. In order to minimize the number of diseases, special preventive measures are taken.

Prevention of childhood colds includes immunization of children, taking vitamin, homeopathic and other preparations that increase the immunity of children; systematic ventilation, quartzing and wet cleaning of premises; hardening of children; regular exercise and outdoor activities.

Significant impact on child health provided by the indoor air. The need of children for clean and fresh air is very high, since they combine a high frequency and small volume of respiratory movements with a high need for oxygen. Proper breathing through the nose plays an important role in the prevention of respiratory and vocal apparatus diseases. During nasal breathing, the air, before entering the larynx, bronchi and lungs, passes through narrow, winding nasal passages, where it is cleaned of dust, microbes and other harmful impurities, moistened and warmed. This does not happen when breathing through the mouth.

Only through the joint efforts of the kindergarten and the family can we achieve a reduction in the level of child injuries!

In early childhood (1-3 years) main in the development child is the desire for independent knowledge of the surrounding reality. Main motor skills in children age(walking, climbing, running) are in the development stage. damage in this age due to insufficient development of the simplest motor skills, inability to orient in the environment.

In children in age At the age of 4-6, the initial forms of self-consciousness are formed, there is a desire to independently satisfy their needs, to act without the help of adults. However, the lack of knowledge about the environment, their own experience is the reason that children undertake to perform actions that have not yet been fully mastered, which are still too difficult for them, which leads to their injury.

Physical development child plays an important role in injury prevention. It has been established that well physically developed children, dexterous, with good coordination of movements rarely get injured. Therefore, it is necessary to pay considerable attention to the physical education of children. Considering that often the source of injury in child becomes a peer, it is important to educate in children a sense of humanity, kindness to others, including other children.

Particular importance should be given to the formation of safe behavior skills in children. For this purpose, it is possible to conduct thematic games and classes in which children learn skills handling scissors, needles, other

household cutting and sharp objects, stories are discussed, pictures showing some traumatic situations from children's lives.

correct, appropriate according to the child's age, the regimen improves health, ensures the performance, successful implementation various activities protects against fatigue. At child accustomed to a strict routine, the need for food, sleep, rest comes at regular intervals and is accompanied by rhythmic changes in the activity of all internal organs. The body, as it were, is tuned in advance for the upcoming activity.

During the day, activity and performance baby is not the same. Their rise is noted at 8-12 and 16-18 hours, and the period of minimum performance falls on 14-16 hours. It is no coincidence, therefore, that classes that cause pronounced fatigue of children are planned in the first half of the day, during hours of optimal performance.

Proper physical education, combined with a daily routine that meets hygienic requirements, sufficient sleep and reasonable nutrition, is the key to normal growth and development. child.

Rational nutrition of children is one of the major environmental factors that determine normal development child. It has the most direct impact on vitality, height, condition child health, increases resistance to various adverse effects. Due to the importance of such a component of nutrition as regularity, on weekends and holidays, parents should be advised to adhere to the same meal schedule as in preschool.