Types and proper use of putty (21 photos). Which putty is better: types and tips, which putty to choose for walls for wallpaper or painting Cement-based putties

If you are planning an upcoming construction, major or even redecoration, there is always a whole list of questions about what materials to choose so that they last as long as possible. Not so long ago, the assortment in hardware stores was not so wide, so everything that could be obtained was used for work. Today, it is possible to choose exactly what you need from a huge offer of materials, and at the prices that are affordable for a specific family budget.

One of the most widely used materials for repairs and decoration is putty, which helps to level the surfaces of the premises, so that the decorative coating looks proper. Such compositions are provided with a very large number of species, and sometimes it is even difficult to immediately figure out which putty is better and how to choose it correctly. That is, the topic of this publication remains relevant for all owners who begin the transformation of their homes.

Of course, since a serious repair is being started, they try to do it with the highest quality, largely focusing on European standards, and according to them, the ceilings and walls should be perfectly smooth and even. To achieve the desired effect, the surface is first leveled with a plaster layer or drywall, and then brought to an ideal state suitable for decorative finishing using several thin layers. To choose the right version of such a mixture, you need to be able to understand its characteristics.

Classification of putty types

Putty is a fairly simple (if you have relevant work experience) material to use. It perfectly evens out irregularities and roughness, perfectly hides the seams from cracks repaired with plaster. Each type of putty composition has its own advantages and is intended for a certain stage of work and specific surfaces. Therefore, they need to be considered in more detail in order to make the final choice.

So, depending on the stage of the repair and finishing work performed, start or finish putties are used.

putty prices

putty

The starting (base) composition is intended for rough work, that is, it is applied first, thick enough layer on a previously prepared, most often plastered surface. Such, having flaws, curvature and deformation no more than 5 ÷ 7 mm. The starting mixture, in contrast to the finishing putty, consists of a filler of larger fractions, and can be applied in several steps up to 15 mm thick. The surface of the walls and ceiling, leveled with the starting putty, is smooth, but slightly rough, precisely because of the components of a rather large fraction.

Finishing compositions have a finely dispersed fine structure filler and serve to create a smooth surface. They are applied to the frozen starting layer of putty. And the application thickness usually lies in the range of only 0.5÷2 mm. This layer of putty is not intended to hide serious irregularities, seams or cracks - it only serves to make the surface perfectly smooth.

Universal putty materials are used for both the base layer and the finish. Of course, this is very convenient in terms of acquiring materials, but it is not always beneficial in terms of the cost of such compositions.

Now let's move on to considering the classification of compositions according to the base binder.

Types of putties according to the binder component

Cement-based putties

This type of material can be called the most reliable and durable of the entire line of putty mixtures, as it is excellent for various surfaces and is used for both external and internal work. Cement mixtures are resistant to temperature extremes, moisture resistant and quite durable.

In addition to the division into starting and finishing, cement plasters are divided into facade, basement, heat-insulating and decorative. Already by their name it is quite possible to determine the area of \u200b\u200btheir destination.

Most often, cement is not the only binder - gypsum, lime, polymer components can be used as additives to it, depending on the qualities that need to be given to the putty. So, lime gives the mixture increased plasticity, which simplifies the work and helps to easily achieve evenness and smoothness of the surface. Gypsum added to cement putty reduces its setting time, which allows construction and finishing work to be carried out as soon as possible.

Cement putty can be applied in the following areas of construction and decoration:

Internal work. Wall decoration both in dry rooms and with high humidity, as well as in unheated buildings (garage, veranda, open or cold balcony, summer cottage, etc.).
Outside work. Finishing the basement parts of foundations and facades built of brick, concrete, stone and other materials.

Advantages and disadvantages of cement putty compositions

To get a complete picture of the characteristics of this material, you need to identify its "pluses" and "cons".

Prices for starting putty

starting putty

Yes, to positive aspects cement putty mixtures include the following qualities:

Ease of applying the mixture to the base. Even a beginner can easily cope with finishing work with cement-based plasters. Setting time quite long so that errors can be corrected.
The ability of its starting compositions to level surfaces with differences of 5 ÷ 15 mm.
This material guarantees the resistance of the coating to low and high temperatures, moisture and other aggressive natural influences.
The instruction located on each package by the manufacturer gives clear recommendations for the manufacture and use of the mixture.
Cement-based putty has an affordable price, and this is one of the reasons why it is popular with consumers.

disadvantages cement putty has a little:

More granular structure of mixtures, in contrast to putties based on gypsum, latex or acrylic.
Experienced craftsmen can blame her for the duration of setting, that is, exactly what is considered a virtue for a beginner in finishing work.

Gypsum putties

Gypsum putty is sold in dry fine mixtures, which also include various additives modifying it - these are soluble polymers, mineral fillers, such as fine quartz sand or marble flour.

Gypsum finishing materials are divided into starting, finishing and universal mixtures. Each of them is applied accordingly, as already mentioned.

Prices for finishing putty

finishing putty

The areas of application of gypsum-based putty mixtures are most often limited to interior finishing work. With their help, the joints of gypsum boards are sealed or, cracks and crevices are filled, plastered walls and ceilings are leveled.

Virtues This finishing material can be considered its following qualities:

Gypsum putty is an environmentally friendly finishing material, so it can be safely used in any residential area.
The gypsum mixture has high adhesive properties, therefore it has excellent adhesion to practically any properly prepared surfaces.
Putty made from this material is breathable, which reduces the risk of mold stains on the walls. In addition, gypsum is a natural "regulator" of normal indoor humidity.
Gypsum putty is characterized by lower consumption compared to its cement counterpart.

The price of these materials is always within the framework of general availability.
Putty surfaces are easy to sand.

disadvantages gypsum materials can be called the following

Rapid solidification of the mixture, which requires a certain speed in work. Given this circumstance, this kind of putty should not be chosen by those who will deal with this method of finishing for the first time, since working with it requires some skill.
The material cannot be used for exterior decoration, as it is hygroscopic, that is, it absorbs moisture well, which will begin to destroy the coating over time. For the same reason, it is not recommended to use gypsum coating for finishing rooms with high humidity.
Gypsum does not contact well with concrete surfaces, so before applying it, they require some preparation, which consists in coating them with gypsum-compatible primers.
Gypsum putty layers are not so resistant to mechanical damage.
After opening the package of gypsum putty, it should be used within a few days, otherwise it will become unsuitable for work, due to the property already mentioned to quickly absorb atmospheric moisture. However, this approach to dry mortars should be applied when using materials on any basis so that they do not lose quality.

Polymer putties

Polymer putties arrive for sale ready form in plastic buckets, or in dry mixes packed in paper bags.

Polymer putties include mixtures made on a latex and acrylic basis. They are similar in their characteristics and component composition.

Acrylic and latex putties are made on the basis of acrylates, which interact well with other components of the mixture, so the mass is pronouncedly homogeneous. On the finished surfaces, due to its inherent properties, it forms a dense smooth layer.

Acrylic and latex putties are produced in several variants according to the field of application. So, to finish the house outside, you need to purchase facade putty. It is characterized by increased moisture resistance, abrasion resistance, easy sanding to smoothness after setting, suitable for application on plastered surfaces, on concrete and on wood.

For coating inside buildings, acrylic putty for interior work is used.

In addition to them, on sale you can find universal brands of putties, the scope of which is, in principle, unlimited. Universal putty is used to level all surfaces of the room, including, by the way, repair operations for cracked concrete floors.

The mixture has a fine-grained structure, after hardening it is easily sanded, it is well suited for leveling walls, it can be applied both in a thin and thick layer (in several steps).

This class of material, like all other putties, is also divided into basic (starting) and finishing compositions. In addition, there are special repair mixtures - they perfectly fill cracks, crevices, and other surface flaws, and then quickly harden. With virtually no shrinkage .

To positive qualities both acrylic and latex putties include:

Due to the fact that the polymer putty has a certain elasticity even after drying, the coating does not crack or crumble, of course, provided it is applied correctly. In addition, this quality makes the coating resistant to temperature extremes and mechanical stress.
Polymer putties have water-repellent properties, protecting facade surfaces from the damaging effects of atmospheric precipitation.
The homogeneous structure and excellent adhesion of the mixtures of this line greatly facilitates their application to surfaces, and even an inexperienced master will easily cope with this work.
Polymer putties quickly set and dry out, which allows you to complete the finishing work in a short time. At the same time, if even a composition prepared from a dry mixture is corked into an airtight container, it can often be used even on the second day. Waste will be much less!
Another advantage of polymer putties is the ability to impart certain thermal insulation qualities to the surfaces on which they are applied.
Putties do not contain toxic and other harmful substances, so they can be called an environmentally friendly material.

disadvantages of this type of finishing material, the following points are considered:

You need to work with polymer putties quickly, since the advantage of the material - a short setting and drying time, can become its disadvantage. Or, during operation, collect only the minimum required amount of solution, and always keep the main volume in a sealed container.
To make the coating reliable, it is applied in several layers with a thickness of 1 mm, since if you cover the wall with a five-millimeter layer at once, then the putty may crack when it dries.
Polymer coatings do not pass air well enough, that is, they cannot be called completely "breathable" - it does not work. In any case, they clearly lose to cement-based or gypsum-based compositions in this indicator.
The high cost of the material often forces us to abandon it in favor of more affordable putties.

Adhesive putties

Adhesive putty is made from a mixture of glue, chalk and drying oil. The volume of glue takes up to 10% of the total mass. Adhesive putty is used as a finishing leveling coating of surfaces, usually intended for painting.

adhesive putty prices

adhesive putty

This putty option is more often intended for interior finishing work, but there are exceptions. The adhesive composition is highly elastic, easy to apply, and after drying it is polished - these qualities allow you to get a perfectly smooth surface of a wall or ceiling.

Adhesive putties are divided according to the type of additives, and their choice depends on what kind of paint will be applied to the walls after they are leveled.

So, for example, if it is planned to level the facade walls, then adhesive compositions with polymer additives are used. They are highly resistant to UV radiation, moisture and low winter temperatures.

Polymer-adhesive putties go on sale in a ready-to-use form, packaged in plastic buckets, or in dry mixes that require preparation immediately before use. Each manufacturer produces putty in different proportions, so before mixing it, you should carefully study the instructions on the package.

In polymer-adhesive putties, latex or acrylic resin is used as a filler. Sometimes they are used in combination, such additives are called acrylate. Such materials can be called universal, as they are used not only for internal, but also for external finishing and preparatory work.

Another option is oil-adhesive putty, which consists of components such as gypsum, water, drying oil and the necessary plasticizers. This type of material goes on sale in plastic containers, which makes its use as convenient as possible. The oil-adhesive type of putty perfectly eliminates surface defects, so they are quite popular for interior finishing work.

Some craftsmen are engaged in the manufacture of this type of putty on their own, and use components such as glue, carpentry or PVA, laundry soap, gypsum, chalk, drying oil and primer for them. The composition of putties may vary and depends on the basis on which the paint will be applied to the leveled surface.

Several recipes for homemade adhesive putties

Below are a few recipes tested by the practice of master finishers.

For example, under water-based paint, you can make adhesive puttyconsisting of a five percent solution of PVA glue and a mixture of 1 part gypsum and 3 parts chalk. An adhesive solution is added to the finished dry mixture and mixed until a homogeneous state and the desired consistency.
Another version of putty for water-based paints has the following composition - 1 liter of drying oil, 100 grams of a 10% solution of wood glue and three kilograms of chalk.
A composition is suitable for oil paint, in which one of the main components is laundry soap, which is ground on a grater, poured with hot water and left until completely dissolved, while periodically mixing. Then, drying oil is poured into the soapy hot solution in a thin stream, and then sifted chalk is added. For this putty, you will need a liter of drying oil, 200 grams of a thick soapy solution and 3 kg of chalk.

For painting walls with water-based paints, glue putty is used, prepared and using a vitriol primer, which will prevent the appearance of mold, exclude rust stains through wallpaper or light paint. To make it, you need one liter of primer and 150 ml of a 10% solution of wood glue. After mixing these two components, gypsum is gradually added to the mixture and gently mixed until a pasty consistency is obtained. However, this putty has one significant drawback - after kneading it should immediately be used for wall decoration, as the mixture sets extremely quickly.

Oil putties

Oil putties are made from drying oil and chalk with the addition of desiccants, which speed up the drying of the applied mixtures. This type of putty is universal, as it is successfully used both for interior work for oil painting walls and for leveling facade surfaces. Thanks to the components included in the putty, it has good elasticity and frost resistance, is resistant to ultraviolet radiation and moisture.

Oil-based material is also used for wooden interior parts, such as window sills, doors, floors, window frames, etc.

It should also be noted here that oil putty will be an excellent base for water-based and enamel paint compositions applied to the facade and interior surfaces, both with normal and high humidity levels.

primer prices

primer

Brief summary of the above

So, having considered the general characteristics of the putty compositions used in the decoration of premises, we can conclude that on the the purpose of the material should be given special attention.

Putty mixtures on almost any basis are suitable for interior work in dry rooms.
For rooms with high humidity, it is recommended to choose cement, polymer, adhesive and oil-based putties.
For finishing facade surfaces, finishing materials are also selected on a cement, adhesive, polymer and oil basis, but with the obligatory indication that they are weather-resistant and frost-resistant.

At the same time, when purchasing a mixture, it is imperative to pay attention to clarifying information on the scope of this material. For example, if the package indicates that the putty is intended for interior work, you should not even try to level the walls of the facade with it. It is not adapted to external conditions, and the finished finish will last a very short time.

But "in the other direction" - as much as you like. This means that mixtures positioned as facade or universal (meaning universality in the field of application) can be used both for interior decoration of premises with any level of humidity, and for outdoor work.

Putty manufacturers

Since the construction market is full of various types of putty compounds, it is often difficult to decide on the choice of material. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to choose the products of companies that have been operating in the Russian market for a long time and have gained popularity among builders-finishers due to their quality, completeness and reliability of the information provided by the manufacturer.

Below are several tables with the characteristics of putties produced by "masters" in the production of building and finishing materials.

Production company "Knauf"

This German manufacturer can be called the most popular in the Russian construction market, and I must say that this is well deserved. Knauf products are always distinguished by their high quality and variety. It is produced on high-tech equipment using innovative technologies.

Knauf building mixtures are environmentally friendly materials that do not emit toxic substances that are hazardous to human health. Putties designed for various finishing stages are easy and pleasant to work with, as they have high adhesive properties and plasticity.

The Knauf company represents a wide variety of putty compositions made on different bases:

Name of product		Packing, kg	Average price per pack (summer 2017)
"Knauf-Fugen" (dry mix)	The basis of the material is gypsum. The mixture is plastic, has good adhesion, is used for sealing drywall joints and its putty, as well as gluing plasterboard sheets to walls.	25	350÷400 rub.	0.8
Knauf-Fugen Hydro (dry mix)	On a gypsum basis, it has excellent adhesive properties, it is used for sealing joints and puttying moisture-resistant drywall. Good for wet areas Can be applied on surfaces with a layer of 3÷5 mm	25	900÷950 rub.	0.8
"Knauf - Uniflot" (dry mix)	The basis of putty is high-strength gypsum. This mixture should be attributed to repair materials, since it is more suitable not for puttying, for gluing drywall, sealing its seams, as well as leveling individual flaws on concrete and plastered surfaces. It is highly durable and does not shrink when dried. However, it is very cost effective. Due to the high price and low consumption, it is sold, in addition to the standard 25 kg packaging, also in 5 kg bags. The thickness of the applied standing is from 1 to 5 mm.	25	1350÷1500 rub.	0.5
"Knauf-Rotband-Finish" (dry mix)	Solid finishing gypsum putty mixture. It has good ductility and a sufficiently long composition life. The mixed mixture can be applied to work within an hour. Application thickness - from 0.2 to 5 mm.	25	370÷400 rub.	1
"Knauf-Multi Finish" (dry mix based on gypsum)	It has characteristics similar to Rotband-Finish, but this putty is easier to sand, bringing to a perfect smoothness. Application thickness - from 0.2 to 3 mm.	25	350÷400 rub.	1
"Knauf - Multi Finish M" (dry mix)	This putty option is suitable for both manual and machine application. Has excellent adhesion with any prepared surfaces.	25	400÷450 rub.	1
"Knauf-HP Finish" (dry mix)	The mixture is popular with professional builders, has good characteristics for ordinary putty and has a low price. However, it should be noted that there are materials that are significantly superior to this mixture in quality. It is recommended to consider only as a very "budget" option. Application thickness - from 0.2 to 3 mm	25	200÷250 rub.	0.9
Knauf MultiFinish (paste)	Ready-to-use putty-paste with excellent plasticity and adhesion. The material is very easy to work with. It is applied to the surface with a layer of 1÷3 mm.	20	700÷750 rub.	1.7
"Knauf Rotband Pasta" (paste)	Ready mix for the finishing layer, made on a vinyl basis, has a super white color, has high adhesion, is applied to the surface with a layer of 0.1÷2 mm. It is used for leveling internal surfaces for painting, wallpapering, decorative embossed plaster.	5	350÷400 rub.	1.7
Knauf MultiFinish (polymer-cement dry mix)	The material is intended for leveling surfaces covered with cement plaster in rooms with normal and high humidity, as well as facade surfaces. It is applied in a layer from 1 to 3 mm.	25	400÷425 rub.	1.2

Putties of the Henkel Bautechnik concern

This concern includes several eminent companies producing building materials. Among them is such a well-known brand as "Ceresit", under which a variety of building mixtures are produced.

I must say that the line is somewhat smaller than that of the Knauf company, but each of the compositions has a specific purpose, which allows you to make an accurate choice.

Name of product	The area of use of the material and its brief description	Packing, kg	Average price per pack (summer 2017)	Consumption (kg) per 1 m², when applying a layer of 1 mm
Ceresit CT 127 (dry mix)	White polymer putty designed for leveling walls in dry rooms. The material has medium plasticity, it is quite easy to overwrite. The surface, leveled with this mixture in accordance with the technology, is perfectly even and smooth. The thickness of the application of the composition is from 0.5 to 3 mm.	25	580÷650 rub.	1.3
Ceresit CT 225 (dry mix)	Facade finishing putty, made on a cement basis and containing reinforcing additives. It is applied in a layer up to 3 mm thick in one go. Well suited for leveling cement-sand and cement-lime surfaces. Produced in gray and white. The material is also used in rooms with high humidity.	25	650÷720 rub.	1.2
"Ceresit ST 95" (paste)	Ready-to-use, white polymeric finishing putty, flexible, crack-resistant, with excellent adhesion and easy sanding. Designed for use in dry rooms on concrete, plasterboard and gypsum surfaces. Putty is not recommended for use for leveling wooden surfaces.	Buckets 5 or 25 kg	≈330 and ≈1320 rubles. respectively	1.7

Compositions produced by Weber-Vetonit

The putties of this manufacturer can be called the standard of quality among all products that can be found on the Russian market.

All surface leveling materials produced by this company are very plastic and have a long “life”, which allows perform work without too much haste. "Weber-Vetonit" presents on the market a fairly large range of putty mixtures produced on different bases:

Name of product	The area of use of the material and its brief description	Packing, kg	Average price per pack (summer 2017)	Consumption (kg) per 1 m², when applying a layer of 1 mm.
Weber Vetonit VH (dry mix gray or white)	Putty, made on a cement basis, and is intended for interior and exterior finishing work. Perfect for rooms with high humidity. Both gray and white putty can be used for starting and finishing coats. Application thickness - from 1 to 4 mm	25	Gray ≈ 520 rubles. White ≈ 880 rubles.	1.2
"Weber Vetonit KR" (dry mix)	The finishing material is white, produced on the basis of an organic binder, which indicates its environmental characteristics. Intended for finishing coating of surfaces in dry rooms. Application thickness - from 1 to 3 mm.	20	400÷420 rub.	1.2
"Weber Vetonit LR+" (dry mix)	Finishing putty on a polymer-based white color, designed for interior work. The material has excellent ductility and is easy to apply on surfaces. When using this putty for wallpapering, the wall must be treated with a primer, otherwise, when deciding to replace the wallpaper, they will be removed along with the putty. Application thickness - from 1 to 5 mm.	20	550÷600 rub.	1.2
Weber Vetonit LR Fine (dry mix)	Finishing putty on a white polymer base for indoor use. Filling - finely dispersed marble chips. Great for perfect alignment of walls for painting and wallpapering. Application thickness - from 0.5 to 3 mm.	25	720÷780 rub.	1.2
Weber.VetonitJS (dry mix)	Polymer finishing putty for interior work in dry rooms. It is applied with a thickness of 1÷2 mm on any complex substrates, including surfaces previously painted and covered with decorative plaster. Application thickness - from 1 to 2 mm. Does not shrink.	20	500÷600 rub.	1.2
"Weber Vetonit LR Pasta" (ready-to-use paste mixture)	The putty is made on a water-soluble polymer base with mineral additives - natural limestone. The material is intended for finishing high-quality leveling of surfaces in dry rooms. Possesses the purest white color, superelastic, gives the reduction of layers absolutely not noticeable to an eye. The filler fraction size is 0.06 mm. It is applied in thicknesses up to 0.2 to 3 mm.	20	720÷780 rub.	1.7

In addition to these, the most famous and impeccably proven German companies, on the Russian market you can find products from Polish, American and other manufacturers. The most famous of them are the companies "Stabill" and "Atlas" (Poland), "Sheetrock" and "United States Gypsum" (USA), "Beckers" (Sweden), "Tikkurila" (Finland).

Of the domestic manufacturers of building materials that produce putty mixtures of decent quality, one can single out such companies as Volma, GLIMS-Production, Prospectors, Eunice, Ural Building Mixes and some others.

Video: recommendations for the selection of putties for repairs

How much putty will you need?

What affects the consumption of putty?

As has already been seen from the tables above, each composition is characterized by its own indicator of approximate consumption per unit area (m²) with a layer thickness of 1 mm. But, we emphasize, this is a very approximate value, since the actual consumption of material is usually more. There are a number of reasons for this:

The surface to be treated may have small depressions, shells or cavities - this is especially pronounced on concrete walls or ceilings. So when calculating the amount of starting putty, it will be useful to take into account this circumstance.
Part of the composition will still remain “smeared along the walls” of the container - there is no escape from this. As well as from the fact that a certain part in the process of application will still be on the floor, that is, it will become unsuitable for further use. Part of the material will be cleaned off during subsequent grouting and grinding. Thus, a reserve is clearly needed. Another thing is what?
Much depends on the skill of the performer. An experienced craftsman will not allow overspending, will not apply too thick a layer, he wastes a minimum amount of material. But for a beginner taking his first steps in the field of finishing work, the picture can be just the opposite. This requires making certain adjustments to the calculation of the amount of material.

We invite the reader to use an online calculator that will help you perform the necessary calculations quickly and with a sufficient degree of accuracy. You can use it both when planning the acquisition of material, and when preparing the required amount of mortar for finishing a particular area, so as to minimize waste.

Enough information on putties was provided, therefore, presumably, no additional explanations for working with the calculator will be required.

The final operation for leveling surfaces is the puttying of walls and ceilings. Home craftsmen successfully cope with the procedure of leveling the walls, but things are much more complicated with the ceiling. Today there are a great many putties for the ceiling: gypsum, acrylic, adhesive, basic, finishing, ready-made, dry, expensive, cheap, domestic, imported ... Not every professional consultant in a construction hypermarket, not to mention the owners, can understand this who decided to level the ceiling. Today we will tell you which putty is best for the ceiling, and how to find the one that is right for you, among the wide range on the market.

Features of putty for the ceiling

Putty is a thick plastic mass, which is used for work related to puttying the walls of rooms, facades of buildings and ceilings. Putties differ from mortar in dispersion - a smaller particle size, the diameter of which is less than 200 microns. The composition of putty mixtures contains binder fillers (cement, gypsum, lime and sand), with the help of which the material hardens after a short time, and special additives.

In addition, ceiling putty mixtures may contain additional components that improve the properties of the mass, such as:

Hardening and setting mass regulators;
plasticizers;
Water repellents - in a putty designed for finishing rooms with high humidity;
Coloring pigments;
Cellulose polyesters - provide fast drying, high water resistance and coating strength.

Puttying the ceiling is carried out in order to level the plane and only on solid, clean and solid bases. Putty can be used to process plaster, stone, brickwork, concrete, gypsum concrete, light building and insulating boards, drywall. Surfaces that have been wet for a long time, metal, plastic and glass are considered unsuitable for ceiling puttying.

Usually ceilings are puttied for only three purposes. The first of them is putty for painting. This is the most time-consuming and difficult option, because it becomes necessary to obtain a high quality coating, since after applying the paint, all defects will be immediately visible to the naked eye.

The second option is putty for wallpaper. In this situation, it is not required to create a high-quality coating, but only large defects need to be removed and visually smoothed out. Of course, even such a process is sometimes quite tedious. The third option is putty for applying decorative plaster to the ceiling. There is no need in this case to create an ideal, so-called "glass" coating.

Ceiling putty properties

Proper purchase of putty will help to achieve a high level of finish, like painting the ceiling surface with acrylic paint. Mistakes in the choice of this substance or inappropriate use of putty can spoil the whole work, so always treat this procedure with increased attention.

Before choosing a putty for the ceiling, you should pay attention to the properties of the putty. The smaller the filler fractions are, the thinner you can make the putty layer. A composition with large ingredients (up to 0.6 mm) is intended for applying a base leveling layer. Mixtures with a fraction size of up to 0.3 mm are already used for finishing the ceiling.

Smaller inclusions (up to 0.2 mm in size) have polymer putties that form the thinnest and smoothest leveling layers. The higher the grinding of gypsum, the smaller its particles, and the thinner the finishing coating. To determine the minimum allowable thickness of the finishing layer for a particular material, find the numerical size of the fraction on the packaging of the finished composition and multiply it by 3.

Modifiers make putty comfortable, plastic and pliable in work. It is important that when applying the substance to the ceiling, it is easily smoothed out, does not flow down and does not form visible seams. Therefore, it is recommended to clarify the time during which the solution will remain “workable” and will not begin to thicken.

Such performance (based on one bucket of solution) is maintained on average for gypsum mixtures - 30 - 60 minutes, cement mass - up to 2 hours, and polymer - up to several days in a closed container. It is also recommended to find out the time when the layer of plaster applied to the ceiling will finally harden. All such parameters are influenced, first of all, by modifying additives.

Each manufacturer has its own technology for the preparation of modifiers. Therefore, before purchasing putty, you should carefully read the recommendations and instructions on the product packaging. Neglect of this rule will lead to disastrous results. If cracks appear on the hardened layer, do not judge strictly the poor quality of the putty. It is possible that the work was carried out:

at an air temperature of more than 30 or less than 5 degrees Celsius;
when air humidity exceeds 80%;
under direct sunlight.

Remember that the most optimal working conditions that meet the requirements of many instructions are air humidity of 60%, temperature is close to 20 degrees. Try to create such conditions in the room shortly before applying putty to the ceiling. Other conditions require adjustment of the putty application technology in a certain direction.

Also pay attention to the presence in the putty of such an ingredient as sand. Substances with sand are best used for facade work, because due to the component used, their color is gray “dirty”. But for the ceiling it is better to choose a putty without sand. It is quite difficult to work with such a composition, but the end result will impress you - the ceiling will turn out smooth and even.

Dry and paste fillers

Manufacturers produce putties in the form of a dry mix or paste, ready for use. Powdered material can be easily transported and stored even in cold warehouses. To prepare the solution, the dry product is poured in strictly defined proportions into a container with water, the mass is stirred until a homogeneous mass is obtained. To obtain a homogeneous mixture in large volumes and, moreover, without lumps, a drill mixer is used with a nozzle rotation speed of not more than 800 rpm.

In the putty layer, the so-called "shells" - voids - are formed from such a batch. Therefore, after the stirring procedure, the mass must be left alone for 5 - 15 minutes. During this time, the ligament will have time to dissolve, the modifiers will “work”, and the air bubbles will come out. Then the whole mass is again stirred for 5 minutes.

Ready-to-use putties are intended for those owners who want to get a thinner layer when finishing the ceiling, and there will be less dust in this case. To obtain such a putty, manufacturers use a particularly fine filler with a fraction size of 0.002 - 0.1 mm. Mixing is carried out using special equipment, it is almost impossible to make such a solution with a simple mixer, because dry substances will remain in the mixture after the “manual” method.

Finished putties are produced on an aqueous acrylic or vinyl mixture, as well as on an organic solvent. Unlike the dry mix, the finished mix cannot be transported and stored at sub-zero temperatures. The only exceptions are ready-made putties, which contain special additives.

The use of putties in different conditions

If you are interested in what kind of putty to putty the ceiling, you need to decide under what conditions you will use the substance: inside the house or on the facade of the building, in a dry, wet or cold room. On each package there is a technical description, which gives detailed instructions when this material can be used. But, despite this, the most common mistake of many finishers lies in the use of the wrong type of product for certain conditions and places.

A typical example is that many walls in cold or damp rooms are finished with polymer putty. And moisture is contraindicated for such material. As a result, the applied layer swells, losing its strength with all the consequences that follow from here. In this situation, the paint applied on top will not help, since most coloring compositions are hygroscopic, that is, they do not create an obstacle to moisture. Therefore, this is only a delay for negative changes.

Now let's look at how to choose putty, depending on the conditions in the room where it is planned to finish the ceiling. For wet and cold conditions, it is customary to use a moisture-resistant cement putty. It well withstands repeated thawing and freezing, does not swell from damp air and moisture. And if you carry out the correct preparation of the base, then it is also suitable for dry rooms.

For normal conditions, compositions on an organic, gypsum or polymer bond are intended. Gypsum putties are distinguished by useful natural properties, they are able to "breathe", absorbing, giving off excess moisture and smoothing the level of humidity in the room. But remember that this product will not withstand constant humidity and temperature changes, and the putty layer will begin to crack.

Another common mistake repairers make is applying cement putty to cement-lime or gypsum plaster. Therefore, it is worth remembering one important construction axiom: in terms of its strength, the base must always exceed the strength of the material applied to it.

Base and finish coat

Putty is an expensive material. Applying them in one thick layer or several layers is inefficient - expensive material will be consumed, and the drying process requires a certain amount of time. Therefore, to pre-smooth the irregularities present on the ceiling, you can use cheaper plaster. And already on it apply the base (1 - 3 mm) and finish (about 0.5 mm) putty layers.

The compatibility of the materials described above, such as primer and putty, will become better when you use products from the same manufacturing company. Also, you can apply only one layer of finishing putty, provided that you create a high-quality even plaster.

If the underlying base is cement smooth, then you can do without plaster at all. To do this, prime the surface, and then apply a base layer of putty on it. After drying, the surface is sanded, dust particles are removed from the ceiling and covered with a finishing putty.

Also, in some cases, only the base layer can be dispensed with. This is true if, after finishing on the ceiling, you plan to stick embossed wallpapers that have a high density. Under light and very thin wallpapers or under the future painting of the ceiling, it is customary to use finely dispersed finishing putty.

Choice of putty color

The color of the putty when finishing the ceiling is not a very important criterion if the surface is then pasted over with thick wallpaper or painted. A high-quality paint and varnish material is distinguished by good hiding power, and any, even the most contrasting tone of the putty, can be completely painted over.

Similarly, one can argue about ornamental and dense types of wallpaper. Under them, neither the color of the putty material nor small surface defects will be noticeable. But if you have chosen thin and light wallpaper for the ceiling, it is better to use expensive colored cement-type putties. With the help of these compositions, you can save money on decorative materials.

White putties, which contain polymer glue as a binder, can be applied to ceilings by spraying. The layer obtained by this technique is usually not even painted over. Such a surface will not turn yellow for a long time.

Cost and manufacturers of putties

If you have not yet decided which putty for the ceiling to choose, pay attention to this. An important factor that influences the choice of putty material is its price. The traditional statement that the finished composition is more expensive than a dry product, and gypsum putty is cheaper than cement putty, is not always true.

There are several price segments - expensive and budget putties. When choosing, it should be borne in mind that expensive putty materials have a lower consumption than a substance in a similar package, but cheaper in price. The real cost can be determined by the cost of a cheap and expensive composition per 1 square meter of the surface, if the thickness of the putty layer is the same.

A reliable and trusted manufacturer of quality products will usually have a higher price. Each company that produces a primer and putty guarantees their good compatibility with each other within the same line. Thus, it is not necessary to use both cheap and expensive materials for puttying ceilings.

Putties for various purposes and price ranges are presented on the domestic market of building materials: Russian putties - GLIMS-Production, Volma, Ural Construction Mixes, Eunice, Prospectors; Polish materials - "Atlas"; German putty substance - "Kreisel" and "Henkel"; Swedish putty - "Beckers"; Finnish product - "Tikkurila"; American building material - "United States Gypsum".

At the same time, in the lineup of almost all manufacturers there are putty mixtures that are designed for finishing plasterboard sheets for the ceiling and sealing joints between such sheets. A particularly large selection is offered by the manufacturer TIGI-KNAUF, which itself produces gypsum boards - Fugenfüller, Uniflot and Boardfinish. Their packages contain detailed instructions on how to putty a plasterboard ceiling.

Thus, you have already been able to decide which is the best putty for the ceiling. The quality of the ceiling putty, first of all, depends on the properties of the material, the price segment, the type of putty, as well as the conditions in which it will be used. Before purchasing the material, you should decide for which room it will be used. In addition, pay attention to the presence of an ingredient such as sand in the putty.

Putty for leveling and creating a smooth surface of walls before decorative finishing, types of material, composition of mixtures and their properties.

The content of the article:

Wall putty is a building material designed to level the wall surface and finish it before final finishing, such as wallpapering or painting. The processing of the base with putty is an integral part of the technological process for the repair of premises. The final result largely depends on its qualitative characteristics.

Varieties of putty for walls by grain size

Putty is divided into two types, taking into account the grain size, which determines the purpose and sequence of applying the solution. So, putty can be starting, finishing, universal. The names speak for themselves, however, what are the main differences between these species. Let us describe their characteristics in more detail.

Starting wall putty

The starting putty for the walls serves as the basis for further wall decoration, because. it has the following characteristics:

Differs in larger grain in comparison with finishing solutions. Because of this, it is rather difficult to grind. The surface of the frozen starting mixture is rough. It is mainly used for starting wall finishing, leveling and filling small cracks.
It is applied in works with brick and concrete surfaces.
Has a high drying rate.
Does not crack over time, creating a solid base for any kind of finishing materials.
It can be applied in layers from 0.3 to 2 cm.

Covering the starting putty can be the penultimate stage in the repair of walls. However, given that such a surface will be quite rough, the final coating can be wall panels, dense heavy wallpaper, but not a thin wallpaper or paint.

Consider a few specific examples of starter mixes that are very popular with buyers:

Scanmix TT (Finland). Universal starting putty. It has a cement base, applicable indoors and outdoors. This putty is waterproof, frost-resistant. With the maximum possible layer of 2 cm, complete hardening occurs in a day. The cost is low (from 280 rubles for 25 kg of dry mix). Possible shrinkage of the mass during drying.
Knauf HP homepage (Germany). On a plaster basis. It is used for finishing interior walls where there is no high humidity. Possible layer thickness - from 4 to 15 mm. Full hardening occurs within a day. The mass does not shrink. The coating has a high degree of strength. The cost is about 360 rubles for a package weighing 30 kg.
Ceresit CT 29 (Germany). Universal putty (internal, external works). It is not recommended to apply in rooms with a high level of humidity. During puttying and drying, the ambient temperature should be in the range of +5 ... +32 degrees. However, further operation is possible even at sub-zero temperatures (up to -50 degrees). The rate of complete hardening is high - from 10 to 15 hours. The composition contains a polymer (microfiber), which causes high strength. 25 kg of dry mix costs from 430 rubles.

Finishing putty for leveling walls

Finishing putty for walls is intended for the final stage of preparing the base for finishing. It can be described using the following characteristics:

Creates a smooth surface thanks to its creamy consistency.
It is used only on a pre-leveled surface.
It is applied in a thin layer (from 0.1 to 0.4 cm). In other cases, the solution shrinks, cracks appear. In addition, a thick layer is difficult to smooth over the surface, because. mass can float.
It is easy to sand, and after the complete drying of the finishing mixture, a large amount of dust is formed.
It is less durable than starting mixtures.

Here are some examples of finishing mixes:

Knauf HP finishing (Germany). On a plaster basis. Recommended only for rooms with a normal level of humidity. Full hardening occurs in 15-24 hours. One of the most durable putties among analogues. However, large hard particles often come across in the mixture, which create a certain difficulty in work. The cost of a bag weighing 25 kg is about 390 rubles.
Ceresit CT 225 (Germany). Has a cement base. The final coating becomes durable, smooth, has a white color. The main disadvantage is the high cost (790 rubles for 25 kg).
Scanmix LH Standard (Finland). Based on polymers. The mass does not shrink. Universal, i.e. suitable for all types of premises. The coating has an ideal whiteness, so the finish surface can not be painted. It is quite expensive (the average price is 900-1000 rubles per 25 kg).

Universal wall putty

In universal formulations, the main characteristics of the starting and finishing masses are combined. Those. it can be used with slight unevenness of the wall surface, while after drying a fairly smooth surface is formed. The cost of such material is somewhat higher. But, despite this, the quality of the universal layer is significantly inferior to the classical technology using start and finish.

Among the many universal putties, Kreizel 662 (Germany) stands out. Based on cement and lime. The composition is improved with additives that increase the resistance to operational loads. Applicable in rooms with any level of humidity. To avoid cracks due to shrinkage of the mass, the layer must be more than 3 mm. The cost is average (about 350 rubles per 25 kg).

Given the characteristics described above, many can answer the question of which putty is best for walls - “universal”.

Types of putties for walls according to the degree of readiness for use

In stores, putty is presented in two forms - dry mixes and ready-made solutions. Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages. Let's consider them in more detail.

Dry mixes for puttying walls

Powder mixtures for wall puttying are powdery compositions that must be diluted with water before being applied directly to the wall, mixing thoroughly by hand or with a construction mixer until a homogeneous consistency.

The advantageous aspects of dry formulations are as follows:

The ability to vary the density of the solution by adding different amounts of water.
Ease of solution preparation.
Convenient transportation.
Unpretentious in terms of temperature, long-term storage.
Lower price than ready-made solutions.

Disadvantages of dry mixes:

Small time costs for the preparation of the solution.
After kneading, such mixtures should be used quickly enough, for each specific product, the time frame is different - from 15 minutes to 1 hour.
It is recommended to knead in small portions.
During storage, the mixture is afraid of moisture. There is a high possibility of damage if water enters, because. packing - cardboard.

Ready-made solutions for walls

Ready putty for walls is packed in plastic buckets. As a basis, latex or dispersions of a new generation are most often used. It is stored in the form of a solution for a long time due to the fact that it contains special substances that do not allow it to solidify. You can apply the finished mass immediately after opening the package.

Advantages of ready mixes:

higher plasticity.
No need to use additional means to prepare the solution.
The closed ready solution can be stored long enough even after the first opening.

The main disadvantage is the higher cost compared to dry mixes.

Classification of wall putties by composition

Each manufacturer independently chooses the assortment of its goods, focusing on a particular consumer market. Due to the rapid progress in all spheres of life, there are many technologies for the production of putty mixtures that use different components. Ultimately, the composition directly affects the properties of the putty. Let us analyze in more detail which base can be used for the manufacture of putty, what properties, advantages and disadvantages are provided by different ingredients in order to highlight the types of putties for walls by composition.

Cement putty for walls

At cement putty for walls, the composition includes cement, sand as a filler and a solvent. For high-quality putty, only purified sand is used (a prerequisite is the presence of no more than 5% impurities such as clay). The different ratio of cement, sand and solvent determines the brand of mortar, on which the strength depends.

The positive properties of cement putty are as follows:

Not afraid of moisture.
It is applicable in rooms with high humidity, as well as for walls outside the room.
It has high strength after drying (the more cement and less sand, the stronger the layer).

Negative sides:

It is used as a base for finishing putty or decorative plaster.
The mass is subject to shrinkage when dried.
Low elasticity.
Not suitable for wood surfaces.
There are certain difficulties in working with concrete walls.
During operation, cracking is possible.
They have a gray color.

Gypsum wall putty

Gypsum putty for walls is an excellent option for finishing mortar.

Advantages of gypsum putty:

Breathable material.
Does not shrink or crack.
Creates ideally smooth surfaces, therefore, significantly reduces the consumption of paint, glue.
Suitable for the thinnest finishing materials, including paint.
High drying speed.
There are no smells.
Increased fire resistance.
Low price.
Components do not cause allergies.
Has a white color after drying.

Among the disadvantages are the following:

Does not withstand changes in temperature and humidity.
The surface is unstable to mechanical damage, chips may appear.
Narrow destination - only for interior decoration in dry rooms.

Polymer mixtures for wall puttying

Advantages of polymer mixtures:

High elasticity.
Durability of a strong covering.
Increased water resistance.
The mass does not shrink.
Wide scope.
The prepared solution can be stored for 12 hours.

The disadvantages of polymer-based putties are as follows:

Great cost.
Often there are low-quality fakes at a high price.

There are two types of putties with a polymer base:

Acrylic putty for walls. Universal option (internal and external finishing). Possesses the increased adhesion, weather resistance. Most often it is a finishing solution, because. With its help, you can easily create a perfectly smooth surface. Its feature is that the layer should be minimal - up to 1 mm. Applicable even to wooden surfaces. Not toxic. Mixtures have a long shelf life. A variety of acrylic putties - water-dispersion.
Latex putty. Applicable indoors only. Does not tolerate low temperatures well. Possesses good plasticity, durability, durability. Easy to apply. Does not emit odors. Can be applied to concrete, metal, plaster, drywall, wood surfaces.

Oil-adhesive putty for wall preparation

The basis for the manufacture of oil-adhesive solutions is drying oil.

The main advantage of this type of wall processing materials is low cost.

The limited demand for drying oil-based putties is caused by the following disadvantages:

Narrow application (only with materials based on drying oil).
It is not recommended to use them in residential premises due to the harmfulness of the components.
Coating durability.

In every case, it is better to use the useful advice of specialists. This also applies to the choice of putty for the walls. So, how to choose putty for walls - recommendations from professionals:

The best result will be obtained when using materials from the same manufacturer that are best compatible with each other, so the properties are combined and complemented.
Always pay attention to the recommendations of the manufacturer, which, taking into account the properties of all components included in the composition, describes the following: purpose (leveling walls or smoothing the top layer of a flat surface); operating conditions (exterior or interior decoration, operating temperature, humidity level); conditions of use (microclimate during work); putty consumption; combination with other preparatory and finishing materials.
To prepare the walls for painting, it is better to use ready-made mixtures, because. the quality of the finish layer will be higher.
Dry mixes are more suitable as a base for wallpaper.
When buying ready-made putty, ask the seller to slightly open the lid to assess the quality externally. In a poor quality product, hard inclusions can often be seen on the surface.
For interior work, choose putties without sand.
Under thin light wallpaper or paint, the finishing putty should be as white as possible so as not to affect the final color scheme of the wallpaper or cause the need to apply additional layers of paint.
In cases where it is rather difficult to decide on a product, give preference to a universal mixture to reduce the risk of making the wrong choice. Many experts choose acrylic putty, considering it the best putty for walls.
The highest quality products are made by European manufacturers.
Any putty may contain additional substances to improve properties, so carefully read the composition and recommendations for the wall material that can be treated with each specific solution.

Watch a video about choosing wall putty:

Buying putty for walls is not a problem. It is important to make the right choice, taking into account the characteristics of the room, the characteristics of the decorative coating and your own preferences in the cost of materials.

A well-known material for leveling walls, eliminating gaps or filling joints is putty. It is a mixture that is applied before painting, wallpapering and other construction and repair work.

Blue putty in the decoration of the living room

Nowadays, putty is produced in the form of dry and ready-made mixtures.

Dry mixes contain astringents, which must be diluted with water in the indicated proportions before use. They can be used on all types of surfaces, apply layers of any thickness, but the period of use of dry mixes is limited. Therefore, when preparing putty, this factor must be taken into account.

Unusual wall putty

Various latexes or dispersions are taken as the basis for ready-made mixtures. These mixtures are convenient in that they do not need to be diluted and the shelf life is unlimited. However, they can only be applied with a layer thickness of up to 5 mm.

Putty is also divided into types according to various criteria.

Types of putties for interior work

They are classified according to several criteria:

by composition;
by particle size;
by appointment.

Depending on the composition of the putty, they are divided into: gypsum, cement and polymer.

Gypsum putty is the most common, easy to apply and sand. Its main property is whiteness and plasticity. Gypsum absorbs and releases moisture from the air, so putty from this material is suitable for any room.

Cement putty is mainly used in the repair of rooms with high humidity.

Polymer putty is used for finishing work in rooms that are about to be completed; it is also convenient to use for filling seams and joints.

Beautiful wall finish with putty

Depending on the particle size, putties are coarsely dispersed (particle size - 200 microns or more), medium-dispersed (particles smaller than 80 microns) and finely dispersed (particle size is 20 microns or less).

The purpose of the putty may be different depending on the work performed. Therefore, putties are divided into starting, finishing, universal and specialized.

Starting putty is applied before starting work in order to correct rough surface irregularities. It is selected depending on the material on which it will be applied.

Finishing putty is designed to eliminate minor defects or scratches. As a rule, it is applied in a very thin layer and is not subject to grinding.

Universal putty is suitable for almost all types of surfaces. It can be a replacement for finishing and starting putty, combining their functions. But this putty is expensive.

The purpose of a specialized putty depends on what additives it has. It is used to solve certain problems.

Black putty in the decoration of the dining room

Silver putty in the decoration of the bedroom

Orange putty in the decoration of the living room

Putties for drywall

Drywall is a very convenient and practical building material. It is used for ceilings, walls, frames, partitions when repairing an apartment. After sheathing walls or ceilings with drywall, it is necessary to putty all the irregularities that are visible on the sheets of drywall.

When leveling drywall, various types of putties are used. First of all, you need to evaluate the sheets. If the sheet of drywall is even, then it will be enough to cover up the places where the screws are screwed in and the places where the sheets are joined.

Cream putty in wall decoration

It is also important to evaluate whether wallpaper will be glued or whether walls or ceilings will be painted, because it will also be necessary to choose a specific putty.

Gypsum putty is more often chosen for puttying drywall. Since it has the property of plasticity, it is convenient to use. But, if the room in which the walls or ceiling are being finished has high humidity, it is better to use cement putty.

Brown putty on the wall

Before painting or gluing wallpaper on drywall, various polymer putties are often applied. The most popular is acrylic putty. It can be used in various rooms, but its cost is high.

Also, when choosing a putty for drywall, it is necessary to take into account its purpose. When leveling gross defects, choose starting putties, for sealing small cracks and scratches - finishing.

Dark purple putty in the decoration of the bedroom

Cream putty in bathroom decoration

Putty for painting and wallpapering

Before painting the walls and ceiling or gluing them with wallpaper, as mentioned earlier, it is necessary to putty all the irregularities. Sometimes they also putty so that the paint or wallpaper fits well.

Peach putty in the kitchen

In such cases, polymer putty is best suited. It is of the following types:

Adhesive putty, which contains glue, drying oil and chalk. Most often it is used before wallpapering the walls.
Oil-adhesive putty consists of components such as water, drying oil, plasticizers. Suitable for both painting the ceiling and wallpapering the wall.
Latex putty, which is very similar in composition to oil-adhesive plaster. Only its composition is supplemented with calcite filler.
Acrylic putty is prepared from chemical raw materials. It can be said to be universal, because it combines all the properties of other leveling mixtures.
Oil putty consists of desiccant, chalk and drying oil. It is convenient to use before painting the ceiling or walls in rooms with high humidity.

As you can see, in the modern world there is a variety of putties for painting and wallpapering. By choosing the right putty, you can get smooth and beautiful ceilings and walls.

Golden putty in the decoration of the bedroom

Gray putty in the decoration of the living room

Gray putty in the interior

Wood putty

In a separate group, you can put putties on wood. They contain synthetic resins and pigments. Pigments allow you to get different shades of wood.

To date, there are only two types of putties on wood: solvent-based and water-based. These types are divided into the following types:

Solvent-based putties are used only in production. They are toxic and unsafe for humans. But the advantages include: a variety of shades of wood, resistance to various temperature conditions and quick drying.
Acrylic putties are mainly used for decorative flooring made of wood. The advantages of this putty are that it is moisture resistant and fire resistant, but large defects cannot be corrected with it.
Epoxy putty is practical. It is odorless and does not settle when dry. When puttying a wooden floor, it is better not to use it.
Latex putties are versatile and ideal for working with wood surfaces. They are considered environmentally friendly, odorless and dry very quickly.
Oil putties on wood are considered strong and durable, but they dry for a long time.
Gypsum wood putties are the cheapest and level any wooden surface.

These are all types of wood putties that currently exist.

White putty in the interior of the bedroom

Concrete putty in the interior of the bathroom

Golden brown putty

Decorative putty

Increasingly, putty began to be used to decorate the walls and ceilings of apartments. The stores offer a wide selection of decorative putties. Consider the main types of decorative putties in terms of composition and texture.

The composition distinguishes the following decorative putties:

mineral putties, consisting of sand, gypsum and limestone. They are not expensive. But after applying this decorative putty, it is also necessary to apply a protective layer so that nothing falls off.
polymer putties have high plasticity and resistance. They include acrylic, epoxy.
silicone putties are considered the most expensive, but do not collapse and are durable.

Sand-colored putty on the walls

By texture, decorative putties are divided into:

Structural, based on latex or silicates. The particles of this decorative putty are of different sizes.
Textured, which create a semblance of fabric, stone and wood. The cost is quite expensive.
Flock, which include cellulose, silk fibers, etc. They are the most expensive of all decorative putties. But they can create an imitation of different types of fabric.

In the modern world, putty is not only a material that levels various surfaces, but also decorates the walls and ceilings of a house.

Gray putty on the walls of the living room

Silver plaster on the walls

Brown putty in the exterior of the house

First of all, it is necessary to determine the subject of consideration. Putty - a powder or paste mixture for filling irregularities on surfaces intended for finishing work. The word comes from the German Spachtel (scapula).

There are many types of spatulas. For their manufacture, many different materials are used: from glue to drying oil. There are two spellings, readings and pronunciations of this word: putty and putty. The first refers to professional vocabulary, and the second is commonly used.

To date, there is a fairly large selection of materials for leveling surfaces.

Composition of mixtures

All commercial putties have approximately the same preparation formula:

film-forming substances. Like: various ether, epoxy, phenol-formaldehyde and alkyd resins.
Fillers. This role can be played by gypsum, chalk, mica. In special types of material, more specific substances may be used.
Various pigments: ocher, zinc white.
Binder. Many compositions play this role: from PVA glue to special epoxy resins.

Types of putties

Modern builders and repairmen know 9 types of this material:

The use of putties for interior decoration

Regarding the interior decoration of the premises, the following types of putties can be distinguished: starting, finishing, specialized and universal.

Starting lineups are the most common. It is very important to choose the right starting coating, since it is on it that the subsequent finishing will be applied. For this type of material it is important to have good adhesion to the substrate, to have sufficient strength and maximum filling and leveling of defects. The use of gypsum putty as a start is very common.

For long-term work, I use compositions with a lifespan of 8 to 24 hours.

Need to know!
The life of the composition is the time from mixing / opening the package until the moment of drying. Mixing the composition is called the process of adding a solvent. In difficult or special situations, the use of compounds with a lifespan of half an hour to three hours is envisaged.

Mechanization of coating application will help to significantly reduce the consumption of putty and time. With the help of mechanized means, it becomes possible to process 400 m2 of surface per shift.

The material can be applied to the wall not only manually, but also mechanically.

Finishing compositions are designed to create a surface completely ready for subsequent finishing. The choice of a specific type of finishing composition depends entirely on the method of finishing the walls. Putty for painting should have a minimum filler grain radius. The best types of material have a filler fraction of no more than 100 microns. Such materials give a perfectly smooth surface that does not require grinding. When choosing materials for wall decoration, it is very important to have an idea of how they will interact with each other. Incorrectly matched topcoat or topcoat to the paint can cause peeling, staining, or blistering of the finish.

Important!
For applying wall putty under wallpaper, the size of the filler fraction is not so critical. From 150 to 250 microns is the best option. A smaller value is best used with thinner wallpaper or fabric materials for pasting. If the future coating is thick enough, then the entire wall putty under the wallpaper may be limited to the starting coating.

Specialized putties are designed to perform specific tasks. For example, putty for sealing joints between gypsum boards without additional reinforcement or plastic putty for filling moving cracks. Due to the narrow specification of the application, the manufacturer specifies the exact area for each specific type of special putty.

Universal putties are three in one. They combine the properties of starting, finishing and even special putties. This is convenient for non-professionals. There is no need to get lost in choosing the most suitable option, you can take one type and perform all the work with it - from small filling of cracks to complete repair of the walls. In addition, the use of one type instead of three helps to reduce the consumption of putty.

Car repair

No repair of a damaged body can do without a special epoxy or polyester putty. The procedure for coating a car body is practically the same as coating walls with putty. Same start and finish layer. It differs only in putty for body coloring. In the case of the body, another layer of finishing putty appears, filling microcracks and irregularities.

putty market

The situation on the building materials market is very interesting. On the one hand, in the minds of the layman, foreign manufacturers are more popular, whose names are on everyone's lips: "Tikkurila", "Semin Sem", "Knauf" and other inhabitants of neighboring Europe. On the other hand, the domestic market is filled with high-quality locally produced products, the same Tex putties.

Russian materials under the Tex brand are gradually conquering the market

In any case, how many people have so many opinions. Therefore, the choice between Finnish guests and Russian Tex putties is a personal matter for everyone.

Putty, as we have seen, is not just a material, it is the concept of a material. There are a huge number of types of putties, each of which perfectly copes with its tasks.

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