Tasks and functions of internal affairs bodies in water transport. For order on the water. Russian River Police Day

Carrying out the transportation of industrial and agricultural products, as well as passengers, transport plays an extremely important socio-economic and defense role in the state. The existing order in transport, the safety of passengers, the safety of property, and, ultimately, the efficiency of the national economic complex largely depend on the quality of transport services. He, as a source of increased public danger, is subject to special requirements.

The conditions for the exclusivity of transport, the specifics of its functioning in different conditions, the unity of management and ensuring security and public order, as well as other factors, required the creation in 1918 of the river police.

Many factors and conditions (political, economic, socio-cultural, legal, demographic, technical, technological, etc.) influence the specifics of the activities of internal affairs bodies in transport (OVDT). A serious influence is exerted by: the specifics of the functioning of transport and the system of its management, the characteristics of operational service facilities, their geographical and other location, length; migration and population density in transport junction areas; proximity to large industrial and economic centers; the level, state and dynamics of offenses and crimes, and much more.

Since March 2004, OVDT have served the facilities of the Federal agencies of air, rail, sea and river transport of the Ministry of Transport and Communications of the Russian Federation. Up to this point, these modes of transport were independent.

The general tasks, duties and rights of the police, which are detailed in relation to the specific conditions of their activities, apply to the ATS in maritime and river transport, similarly to the internal affairs bodies in rail and air transport. In particular, this is the protection of fish stocks and the fight against poaching on the water; protection of hydraulic structures.

OVDT implement their tasks by analyzing and assessing the operational situation, prepare and make management decisions, issue reviews and orientations, develop methodological recommendations and other provisions for improving the activities of bodies, units and police units.

For the territories of operational maintenance of the ATS on river transport, their mismatch with the administrative-territorial division, the passage of borders across the territory of several constituent entities of the Russian Federation and many local governments is characteristic. Therefore, unlike the territorial police departments, the internal affairs bodies in transport are not directly subordinate to the respective heads of administrations (mayors, prefects) in the field; The public security militia, financed from the federal budget, includes subdivisions of the police patrol service and subdivisions for juvenile affairs of internal affairs bodies in railway, water and air transport. Police in transport office premises, equipment, means of communication, information necessary for the fight against crime are provided free of charge by the relevant transport authorities. At the same time, the heads of the territorial police departments are senior operational chiefs in relation to the corresponding heads of the transport police departments. The latter are members of the collegiums of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Central Internal Affairs Directorate, and the Internal Affairs Directorate of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Sea and river transport service facilities have their own differences. So, as a general rule, the objects of service of the OVDT in maritime transport include:

seaports (within the boundaries of protected areas intended for the processing of ships and cargoes), carrying out passenger and cargo transportation, all enterprises located on their territory, establishing

denia, organizations, as well as the shipping part of seaports;

stations and berths for servicing cargo and passenger ships within the limits of land allotments;

hydraulic structures with land allotments and means of navigation within the navigable part of seaports;

vessels and other floating facilities, regardless of the ports of registry, located at the berths and water areas of ports (within the boundaries of the most remote hydraulic structures of the closed part of seaports), stations and other hydraulic structures, standing on the roadsteads of the water area of sea ports;

places of storage and processing of goods in the territory of ports, stations, berths, regardless of departmental affiliation and form of ownership.

For individual ATCs, for example, the scope of operational services for the Azovo-Chernomorsky ATC (according to the Charter), its subordinate bodies and divisions includes in all areas of operational and service activities:

- the territories of the seaports of Anapa, Gelendzhik, Yeisk, Kavkaz, Novorossiysk, Sochi, Taganrog, Temryuk, Tuapse, port points and marinas within the boundaries established by the legislation of the Russian Federation;

- the water areas of the said ports and port points (waters of seaports, including canals, internal and external roadsteads, shipping routes on the approaches to ports, which are part of the waters of the state and allotted to seaports), hydraulic structures of ports (berths and fences);

- enterprises, institutions and organizations, regardless of departmental affiliation and form of ownership, and their facilities located on the territory of the named ports;

- Russian ships and port watercraft, regardless of their departmental affiliation, located at the berths, in the port waters, as well as in the area of activity and responsibility of the maritime administrations of the ports of Novorossiysk, Taganrog, Temryuk and Tuapse.

In river transport, these are: river ports, moorings and piers within the limits of land allotments, except for recreation centers and boat stations; the territory of locks and other hydraulic structures protected by the OVDT; points of specialized sludge and repair of ships, shipbuilding and ship repair plants protected by the OVDT; the main ship passage of the water area of rivers and canals (water space on the inland waterway, intended for the movement of ships and indicated on the ground (map), - in relation to other ship passages in this area, it is the main one), excluding lateral tributaries on the main fairway; vessels and other watercraft intended for the carriage of passengers and cargo, except for small ones (with engine power up to 75 hp or rowing vessels, regardless of their size); floating navigation signs.

The length and volume of objects of operational maintenance of the ATS can be seen on the example of the Moscow ATC for air and water transport. Thus, the Linear Directorate of Internal Affairs on river transport performs the tasks of ensuring the protection of public order and public safety, as well as the fight against crime at river transport facilities of all forms of ownership located in the service area and in the waters of the rivers: Moscow, Oka, Volga, Canal im. . Moscow.

The service section passes through the territory of Moscow, Moscow, Tver, Ryazan, Tula and Kaluga regions and has a total length of waterways of more than 1,400 km: the rivers Moscow (237 km), Oka (750 km), Volga (290 km), . Moscow (128 km - ten locks, five dams with 4 hydroelectric power plants, emergency gates ).

In the operational service area of the Moscow LUVD on river transport (RT) are: 18 large objects with different forms of ownership; 10 river ports; 1000 units of passenger and cargo fleet; 49 marinas and moorings; 3 river stations; located 300 commercial organizations interacting with river transport enterprises; employed in the main production area of river transport - 8000 pers., in the auxiliary - 2300 people

The protection of public order in the service area of the LUVD in the Republic of Tatarstan is provided by: the apparatus of the Line Administration with three subordinate linear police stations; 4 linear departments of internal affairs in river ports with 7 linear police stations subordinate to them; two separate battalions for the protection of hydraulic structures.

The structure of crime in the service area is mainly dominated by: violations of the rules of fishing ~ 30%; theft ~ 20%; appropriations ~ 10%. Art. Art. 158, 160, 228, 256 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Among the administrative offenses are violations under Articles 20.1, 20.20, 20.21, 18.1, 19.15 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.

In the sphere of economy, in the line of combating organized crime and crimes related to drug trafficking, registration and their investigation are carried out on other grounds.

The kuger companies that hire seafarers on foreign ships, if they are located outside the territory of seaports, are not objects of operational service of the ATS on water transport (VT); islands located in water areas of ports, rivers and coastal waters; embankments in settlements and cultural and amenity premises located on them; beaches; coastal signs of ship situation; floating recreation facilities; landing stages; small boats; residential buildings, regardless of their location.

§ 2. The system and structure of the internal affairs bodies
in water transport

Of interest is the Azov-Black Sea Department of Internal Affairs for Transport of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, which was created in accordance with the Civil Code of the Russian Federation on the basis of an order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.

The activities of this state institution are regulated by the Charter, which establishes the legal status, organization and procedure for its activities. In its organizational and legal form, it is a non-profit organization, a state institution created to exercise state administration within its powers in the field of ensuring the protection of life, health, rights and freedoms of citizens, property, the interests of society and the state from criminal encroachments.

It heads the system of internal affairs bodies in maritime transport on the coast of the Azov and Black Seas, which includes: linear departments and departments of internal affairs; other divisions, enterprises, institutions and organizations created in the prescribed manner to carry out the tasks facing the internal affairs bodies; the states and regulations on the structural and subordinate units, enterprises, institutions and organizations are developed on the basis of the norms and staffing limits, exemplary models established by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, and are approved by the head of the Institution. To achieve the goals and objectives, this institution carries out 29 types of activities.

§ 3. Features of the organization of the protection of public order
at water transport facilities

The large length of the OVDT service areas causes the dispersal of forces and means for maintaining public order and ensuring transport security. The remoteness of the service orders from each other, services and units of public order makes it difficult to manage them and provide assistance.

The constant turnover of persons using transport, their residence outside the operational service areas of the OVDT requires a quick response, urgent identification and communication with witnesses and other eyewitnesses, immediate measures to detain offenders who, using transport, can quickly hide and never appear in these places . In such cases, decisions are made, as a rule, in very difficult situations in the absence of complete and reliable information. Homeless persons and minors visit transport facilities, usually for the purpose of "travelling" and for committing offenses. These and other circumstances are taken into account when organizing the protection of public order and ensuring public safety in water transport, which in the field of passenger transportation is somewhat similar to rail transport and is ensured by:

setting up police squads in the buildings of sea and river stations, on marinas and other objects of water transport transportation;

escort by police units of ships;

strengthening security on the outskirts of large settlements due to barriers and other operational-maneuverable groups.

In water transport, passengers are transported by sea and river vessels of various speeds and capacities. As practice shows, in the summer on water transport, the problem of organizing the fight against crime and protecting public order on pleasure craft of suburban lines comes to the fore. The organization of the work of special combatant units to escort such ships through their expedient use, differentiated deployment and operational management contributes to the high efficiency of the work of squads at large transport hubs. Why in each OVDT, the situation is carefully and comprehensively analyzed, where and in what places violations of public order are most often allowed. Then, taking into account the schedule of ships and the flow of passengers in each direction of the suburban area, options for escort routes are developed, they are assigned permanent numbers, which allows you to quickly respond to changes in the operational situation. One copy of the route card is issued to the senior police officer, the second is in the duty unit to organize work, and the third is kept in the public order department to control the work of the units and the duty unit.

The method of area-shuttle escort of ships is often used, which ensures the maximum involvement of employees of the services of these bodies and their periodic concentration in certain areas - zones that can be served by several OVDT and provide practical assistance to the OMON and the patrol service of the OVDT. The sequence of maintenance of the zone is determined by the corresponding work schedule.

The need for the rational use of forces and means of the OVDT and their maneuvering caused the use of such a form of public order protection during peak hours of passenger transportation, on weekends and holidays, in places of mass festivities of citizens, as the work of "landing groups", which include transport workers , members of the voluntary people's squad and security services of the enterprise.

The tactics of the work of ship escort squads differ significantly from serving at stations and marinas, since it requires skills and work skills, as well as ensuring personal safety along the route of the ship, without the help of other police squads. Such an outfit should be able to identify offenses and draw up materials on an administrative offense (take correct explanations, draw up a report, identify and provide facts with evidence, witnesses, victims); take measures to preserve traces, and, if necessary, to seize things and objects on which they are found; determine the threats to security in transport associated with the carriage of flammable, flammable, poisonous, explosive and poisonous substances, objects and materials in hand luggage. Therefore, ship escort squads are assigned to their most experienced police officers (if necessary, criminal police officers) consisting of at least 2 people. As with the escort of trains and aircraft, they have schedules and route cards, indicating the features of the protection of the object.

After receiving service weapons and special equipment, travel (travel) and other official documents, briefing, the crew, upon arrival on the ship, establishes contact with its captain, finds out the situation and determines the procedure for its work on the berth when boarding passengers and during the departure of the ship. In the future, the work of the order is built in such a way that the escorted vessel at the stops and during departure is under constant supervision. In addition, the squad should select citizens from among the passengers who can and are able to assist him in the event of a complication of the operational situation. Moreover, the prevention of drunkenness, hooliganism and other offenses is impossible without close ties and reliance on the public, voluntary people's squads and other formations.

The search for persons hiding from the court and the investigation, who have escaped, and also after the commission of a crime, is much more complicated if it is not known from which ship and when the offender got off (sat down). At the same time, a long time passes until the moment when the OVDT becomes aware of the crime and the search for criminals begins. Therefore, ship escorts must have the ability to detect offenses and be able to work according to the signs of criminals.

Frequent crimes on ships are the taking of property, money, and other valuables of passengers, for which criminals make friends, choose the time for passengers to sleep, or when the latter leave them unattended. Criminals often look at passengers on deck, in a buffet, restaurant, communicate and make acquaintances with transport workers and, at a convenient place and time, commit crimes, especially at the time of crowding during boarding and disembarking.

On the way, the squad examines the places of possible shelter of offenders (toilets, holds, etc.), establishes contact with the deck crew and other personnel of the ship and explains to them the tasks of maintaining public order, and, if necessary, of monitoring individuals who are suspicious with their behaviour. The outfit moves in such a way as to be able to maintain public order, prevent and suppress offenses. At stops, he interacts with transport workers and employees of territorial police departments.

The effectiveness of the escort squad is ensured by timely, legal, courageous and decisive actions that exclude the possibility of resistance by the criminal, concealment or destruction of objects and other material evidence. After such actions, the squad, together with the detainee, witnesses (if possible) and seized evidence, arrives at the nearest police department, if this is not possible, then at the territorial police department with an immediate report about this to their duty officer and head.

The escort squad can leave the vessel only in strictly defined cases: at the direction of the chief or on duty, during the suppression of crimes at the piers, in the pursuit of hiding criminals, in assisting other police officers, in protecting the life and health of citizens, in case of identified security threats in order to warnings (liquidation), according to the schedule of service and escort of the vessel, etc.

Often there are special tasks of the vessel escort squad (travel of special categories of citizens and government officials, escort of cargo, luggage, etc.), in which it is forbidden to leave the ship until it arrives or is replaced by another outfit. In such cases, the work schedule of the order, the route of its escort, the composition of the order and other conditions may change.

In the event of epidemics or epizootics, escort squads perform the functions of assisting the sanitary and epidemiological supervision authorities, veterinary and other inspections in carrying out measures to ensure the quarantine regime in certain areas and sections of transport.

When carrying out civil defense and emergency situations, the squad performs special functions of alerting personnel on various signals.

The employees of the detachment, being at considerable distances from the place of deployment of the OVDT, require continuous monitoring of their work by the duty unit and the management of the unit. They are obliged to periodically report on their location, the state of public order protection and the progress of work on escorting the vessel, the implementation of preventive and search activities, using telephone or radio communications. Following through intermediate ports and piers, where there are OVDTs, the senior officer informs the operational duty officer about the state of affairs on the escort route.

An important task today is to equip duty units of the OVDT and transport information services with means for determining telephone numbers of callers and sound recording equipment. It is advisable to equip crowded places with surveillance systems, detectors and other technical means for detecting illegally transported objects and substances, for examining luggage and hand luggage.

SECTION VII

State Safety Inspectorate
traffic

From an interview with an ATC officer at VVT to The Village website.

What is the water police

Now I work in the linear department of water transport, it is we who are called the water police. Although in fact there are no people in Russia who can be considered water policemen. There are ordinary police officers who simply arrive at the scene on a boat with a navigator, simply a minder. In fact, they do not care where they deal with corpses and drunks - on land or on water.

The water police is a farce. Our police station employs two minders, and the territory assigned to them is more than 100 square kilometers. What can they do to ensure safety? No way. We are sorely lacking in personnel, people are not doing their job, for example, I have to be on duty on land, like an ordinary staff member of the teaching staff, due to the fact that one is on vacation, and the other has broken his arm.

In Russia, there is the State Inspectorate for Small Vessels (the length of which is less than 20 meters and the capacity is less than 12 people) - a special service under the Ministry of Emergencies, which regulates the movement of water transport, checks documents and observes safety, in a word, this is the water traffic police. The same, but with regards to large vessels (cruise liners, motor ships, barges, and so on), is carried out by the State River Shipping Inspectorate.

The water police does not deal with this: we simply do not have such powers. And the stories that are shown on federal channels about the water police are window dressing. During each visit of journalists, our superiors arrange demonstration performances with hostage-taking and other nonsense, but all this is just a picture for television. According to Moskve24, they said that our boats reach speeds of up to 100 kilometers per hour - this is simply ridiculous. And in the stories on TV, all the structures are thrown into one heap: both GIMS, and navigators, and us. Therefore, the image of the "cool water police" is created. Although in fact the water police are minders.

Navigation starts at the end of April and ends at the beginning of November. Before the opening of the season, you need to prepare the boat, launch it and drive it from the parking lot to the base. The first half of May, as a rule, takes place on duty on the water - you need to ensure safety during the holidays. Usually we stand on a boat near the embankment and make sure that no one jumps down. In June we work on the last calls and graduations. Drunk students fall into the water all the time. Several times we had to accompany the motor ships so that no one would rage.

If there is an order, I go on the route. Most often you have to be on duty under bridges. And sometimes you can sit all day without work. When the first persons of the state travel along the highway, on the nearest river, under the bridges, boats are necessarily set up from both sides of the coast. Each boat has one minder. Sometimes we need to completely block navigation, then we put two boats across the river. To be honest, I don’t understand what is the use of these duties under the bridges, because above all the embankments and exits to the river are blocked - no one can go there. The most interesting thing is that we are never given instructions or explained anything. If some kind of emergency happens, I don't know how to act.

Sometimes we patrol the river. The patrol group consists of a minder and two or three PEES (patrol officers. - Approx. ed.). Officially, we are engaged in the protection of public order on the water, but I do not know what that means. Our area of responsibility is an imaginary straight line in the middle of the river, which is called the ship's passage - ships must move along it. But the powers of the water police are extremely modest. We can neither check the documents of the ships, nor fine the owners, nor deal with disturbances on the shore.

If there is a fight on the ship, we must intervene. However, the water police do not have the right to detain people, so we will have to wait until the investigative team arrives in a car. If we find a corpse in the river, then we also need to call operatives. In general, leaving for a corpse is one of the most popular tasks. On average, one body per month is found in our territory. By the way, I noticed that if the summer is hot, then the bodies float up in three or four days, and if the summer is cold, then after five to seven.

Before, before the reform of the department in 2011, it was more interesting to work. Our boss was not afraid to take the initiative and let us do the really important things. For example, we caught ship owners who were engaged in illegal transportation of people. We also regularly made control purchases of fuel in yachtports. They drove up on a hydro scooter with empty canisters and bought gasoline at gas stations that do not have a license to sell.

I also remember that we checked dredgers (vessels of the technical fleet that are engaged in the extraction of building materials. - Ed.), which illegally extracted sand from the shore. And in the last few years, under the new bosses, no one has been doing such work.

Now the boat of the Ministry of Internal Affairs performs an exclusively preventive role. We go with lighthouses, so everyone sees us - they get scared and begin to follow the rules of navigation. Sometimes I tell violators on the radio: “Slow down, you can’t go like that here.” Some don't even listen because they know we're powerless.

What happens in winter

The word that can describe the work in the winter is wilderness. What to do if the boats are stopped? I am either on duty at the post - guarding the territory, or preparing the boat for spring. Previously, the approach to the maintenance of boats was better: I was called a few months before the start of navigation, I prepared the boat at a calm pace: I removed the old paint, did minor repairs, and so on.

And now it’s all through the ass: “Ay-ay, navigation is tomorrow, we are urgently preparing a boat.” Last year, they didn’t do anything at all: from autumn to spring, the boat stood in the ship’s dock (a structure for the repair and storage of ships. - Ed.), Then it was launched into the water, and it’s ready. You can't do that, you have to take care of him, otherwise he will break. There is a certain algorithm of actions (drain water from the boat and engine, drain old oil, fill in new and other technical work) when mothballing the boat during the inter-navigation period. But in the last two years it has not been fulfilled. And what do I care, this is a state boat, and the head of the department is responsible for it.

I'll tell you about another case, also from last year. Usually the boat is driven to the parking lot in October, and the last time the authorities said this was only in November. November is very late: the ice has already risen. As a result, I spent four hours in a cold boat, it was snowing, and the stove, which I have been asking for repair for the fourth year, naturally did not work.

How to get into the water police

To get a specialty, you need to attend semi-annual training camps. I returned from the army at the beginning of the 2000s. There was not much work, and there are many locks near my house, where at that time a police battalion was working to protect hydraulic structures. I was satisfied with their schedule - in three days, and the work is quite stable. I successfully passed the medical examination, but I received a positive answer only six months later, when I was already working in another place.

Training for the profession began at nine in the morning and ended at six in the evening, but there was no water specifics: we, like ordinary policemen, studied the tactics of maintaining public order, the criminal code, learned sambo, disassembled, assembled service weapons and fired from it. I learned to be a police officer of the battalion for the protection of hydraulic structures (dams, locks and hydroelectric power stations) of the Moscow Canal.

Four years later I trained as a navigator. The study went as follows: I was given the rules of navigation, exam tickets and was given three days to prepare. On the fourth day, I already got the rights to the boat. To my question: “But what about practical exercises?” - I was told that I would learn everything on the water.

My position is called a policeman-mechanic, but in fact I am not a policeman, but only a cab driver, that is, I stood at the helm and delivered police officers to the scene. They didn't even give me a firearm, only a rubber stick. This was the case until the restructuring in 2011, when minders were equated with PE and were allowed to carry service pistols.

Working hours and salary

I used to work day after three, and on weekends I could earn extra money elsewhere. Now I work two days later, and I have no time for a second job: my wife is already so unhappy that I am not at home. After all, I can be called to work absolutely any day. For example, if a unit conducts firing exercises, all employees should be on them. Almost the entire department works from Monday to Friday, so I often have a day off when they have a working day. They can’t call another minder, because he is on duty and you can’t pull him, then I have to work. I don't get paid a damn thing for these overtime. Not a damn thing.

The average salary of a police sergeant in Moscow is 47,000 rubles. And with 15 years of service I get 32 thousand. Is this a normal salary? Therefore, Muscovites, mostly visitors, have not been working for us for a long time. Nobody wants to go to such a job, it's a pipe, many of our employees will soon retire, and I don't know who will work.

Problems

The principle of operation of the water police is as follows: "There is gasoline - we work, there is no gasoline - we do not work." Every month we are given a certain amount of gasoline, but due to constant trips, it often ends ahead of time. In this case, the authorities write a paper to allocate additional funds for the purchase. Money may or may not be sent. The second option happens quite often. As a result, the boat is idle, and the police drive up to the river from the shore in a car.

Until recently, my superiors stole money allocated for the purchase of fuel. Officially, we bought the 95th gasoline, and the management took the 80th or, at best, the 92nd, which are much cheaper and worse. Our boats have good imported engines, but due to poor fuel, they often failed. In 2010, we switched to paying with special fuel cards, and this problem seems to have gone away. Although, maybe now bosses in higher positions are engaged in fraud.

Now I'm working on a new Mercury boat. His technical book says in black and white that every 100 hours, or once a year, the boat must be serviced. Last season, Mercury sailed 130 hours, and it has been in operation for more than a year, but the boss does not care, he is not going to take the boat to MOT.

If the boat breaks down, I have no right to repair it, the maximum is to check the oil. This happens because we have signed an agreement with a service that repairs boats. And this service works, as a rule, poorly: they return the boat to us from repair, and the next day something falls off again.

They say that in 2018 the water police will be abolished. The Confederations Cup will be held soon, then the World Cup, then we will choose Vovka, and then we will be dispersed to hell. All the same, there is little use for the water police. I believe that it is necessary to create a unified water police service that will deal with everything at once: crime, speed control, and document verification. So, by the way, it was in the Soviet Union.

From time to time, I have thoughts of quitting, but still I don’t want to leave the service, to which I gave 15 years. In addition, after 20 years of service in the police, you can retire, that is, I have only five more years to endure. Then I can go to a normal job - for example, to work on the path of navigation as an assistant captain. I don't think that at 40 it will be a problem for me to find a good job.

On July 23, 2018, solemn events were held in Moscow dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the formation of the militia (police) in the water areas of Russia.

In modern Russia, special police units in water transport are subordinate to the transport departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation in the federal districts and interregional linear departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation in transport.

On the Day of the 100th anniversary of the water transport police of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the leadership marked their subordinates and veterans with awards: anniversary medals, certificates and valuable gifts. Departmental awards were presented by Police Lieutenant General Oleg Kalinkin and Police Colonel Alexey Rykov. Then the transport police officers were congratulated by Andrey Kosygin, First Deputy President of the Moscow River Shipping Company, and Kirill Evdokimov, President of the Moscow Association of Ship Owners, congratulated them.

A veteran of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, Chairman of the Board, was invited to the celebration, who, on behalf of the organizations he heads, awarded police officers for their professionalism, conscientious service with diplomas and certificates of honor.

In his speech, Mansur Yusupov noted that the water transport police in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the past 100 years has adequately ensured public safety and law and order on the country's waterways, the safety of cargo, fights crime, counteracts corruption, participates in anti-terrorist activities, sometimes painting your life. This is a highly organized and professional law enforcement structure in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Many transport police officers went through on business trips to "hot spots" following the orders of the leadership of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, there were both dead and wounded while participating in military operations. We must always remember their deeds.

In their work, they often have to deal with drug trafficking and weapons trafficking, as well as economic violations. The water police makes a significant contribution to the fight against poachers, who cause enormous damage to the state.

In the past, in 2003, on the 85th anniversary of the formation of the police on water transport in Moscow in the Mnevniki district on the banks of the Moskva River, a monument was laid - a stele "To law enforcement soldiers who dedicated their lives to ensuring security and law and order in the water areas of Russia." This monument is dedicated to the memory of veterans who gave their youth, many years of service in the transport police. At the opening of this monument, veterans and the leadership of the Linear Directorate of Internal Affairs on Water Transport of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia decided to lay a capsule at the foot of the monument - a message to descendants on the 100th anniversary of the formation of the police on water transport. The capsule was laid at that time by the head of the Department of Internal Affairs on water transport, militia colonel Yusupov M.R. And after 15 years, he was also instructed to get this capsule with a message to posterity.

Honorary veteran of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia Mansur Yusupov, in the presence of the leadership of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation and veterans, removed the indicated capsule with a message to descendants from the foot of the indicated monument and handed it to the head of the Transport Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation for the Central Federal District, Lieutenant-General of Police Kalinkin Oleg Viktorovich, who read this message to the personnel of the water police .

It was decided to re-entrust a new capsule with a message to the descendants of the police unit on the 150th anniversary of the formation of the police in water transport. Colonel Alexei Rykov, head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation for water transport, placed a new capsule with a message to descendants at the foot of the monument.

The event was held at a high organized and patriotic spiritual level.

On July 25, Russia celebrates River Police Day. This is a professional holiday for people responsible for maintaining public order and fighting crime in the country's inland waterways. The river police is part of the transport police of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, but its tasks are special, but independent and very interesting. The holiday date was set in honor of the decree of the Council of People's Commissars "On the Establishment of the River Police", which was published on July 25, 1918, exactly 99 years ago. But in fact, although the modern river police counts its existence precisely from this decree, the history of maintaining order on the rivers and lakes of Russia is longer and began in the pre-revolutionary era.

As early as the beginning of the 19th century. the Russian authorities are closely attending to the issue of streamlining the management of water communications. In 1809, by decision of Emperor Alexander I, the Directorate of Water and Land Communications was established. The Russian Empire was divided into 10 districts under the leadership of the directors of water and land communications, who had police teams at their disposal. It was the prototype of the river police created much later.

In the second half of the 19th century, the Russian Empire continued to improve the law enforcement system, primarily the police services. The spread of revolutionary ideas in society, the emergence of populist organizations, the growth of crime - all these circumstances greatly disturbed the Russian authorities and contributed to the strengthening of the Russian police.

On June 27, 1867, a special river police was created. Initially, it existed only in St. Petersburg - to protect public order in the Russian capital, but soon also appeared in Riga, Odessa and Nikolaev. The authorities had been thinking about the need to increase protection measures on the rivers and canals of St. Petersburg for a long time, and in 1866 a special commission was assembled under the leadership of General Prince Alexander Arkadyevich Suvorov, who in 1861-1866. served as the St. Petersburg military governor-general and was well acquainted with the peculiarities of the organization of law enforcement in the Russian capital. After the assassination attempt by D. Karakozov on Emperor Alexander II in 1866, the post of military governor-general of St. Petersburg was abolished, and Suvorov became the inspector general of the infantry, but this did not prevent him from heading the commission for the creation of the river police.

The river police were assigned tasks of an administrative and police nature. She was supposed to be responsible for the implementation of legislation in the field of shipping, maintaining order on the water and in the coastal zone, observing the loading of goods and their rolling ashore, checking for serviceability of steam and rowboats designed in case of flooding, combating theft and vagrancy on water arteries of St. Petersburg, determine the rules for closing navigation and ensuring the safety of passage on ice. In addition, rescue functions were also assigned to the river police in relation to drowning people and wrecked ships.

The regular staff of the river police of St. Petersburg did not differ in large numbers. The river police was subordinate to the chief police chief of St. Petersburg, and the direct management of its activities was carried out by the manager. 3 officers - assistants, lower ranks and a team of sailors seconded by the Naval Ministry were subordinate to him. The manager of the river police was in rank the headquarters officer of the fleet, and his assistants were the chief officers of the fleet. The appointment of the manager and his assistants was also carried out by mutual agreement of the Naval Ministry and the chief police chief of St. Petersburg. The first head of the river police of St. Petersburg was appointed captain-lieutenant of the fleet Vladimir Ivanovich Korostovets.

The experiment to create a river police in St. Petersburg turned out to be successful, so the authorities decided to create a river police on other waterways of the Russian Empire. So, in May 1882, a decision was made to create the Nizhny Novgorod River Police, which was to be responsible for order on the Oka and Volga rivers. The river police committee was headed by the Nizhny Novgorod governor himself, the committee included the vice-governor, the police chief, the head of the river police, the head of the communications department, the navigation inspector, the mayor, the architect, and the manager of fairs. The direct leadership of the river police was carried out by the head of the river police with assistants and subordinate lower ranks. The personnel of the river police of Nizhny Novgorod were in the service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire, although the salary rates in Nizhny Novgorod, as in other provincial cities, were somewhat lower than in St. Petersburg, but this is understandable - and capital life was more expensive , and the metropolitan river police have more responsibility.

In 1885, the number of the St. Petersburg River Police was increased. It introduced the positions of junior assistant manager of the river police, two senior policemen and ten junior policemen. In 1894, in addition to the river police, another structure was created that was responsible for maintaining order and security on the waters and the coast - the port police. Port guards, port foremen and port police served in the major military ports of the Russian Empire, providing security and fighting crime.

At the beginning of the twentieth century. in the river police of St. Petersburg there were already 104 employees. The following positions were introduced: river police manager, four assistant river police managers, one mechanical engineer, one ship engineer, one clerk, twenty senior policemen and seventy-five junior police officers, one machinist. However, during the navigation period, the number of personnel of the St. Petersburg river police increased to 304 people - 88 more junior police officers, 1 machinist, 5 helmsmen and 5 stokers, 5 sailors were added. In 1902, 28 port guards were included in the river police, who ensured the security of the St. Petersburg port. The river police of St. Petersburg had their own ships - 2 steamers, 8 cutters, 1 steam boat, 2 rowing rescue whaleboats and 33 rowing boats.

The specificity of the river police service was also emphasized by its uniform. It resembled a marine uniform, and an anchor was present on the emblem, which testified to the functions performed. River police officers, seconded from the Naval Ministry, retained naval ranks. As a rule, the most experienced and trustworthy military sailors were selected for service in the river police, capable of fulfilling the duties assigned to them by their qualities.

The February and October revolutions of 1917 were a serious blow to the entire law enforcement system of the Russian state. The complete breakdown of the former state institutions did not pass by the police either. Moreover, her revolution was touched in the first place, since the police were considered the bulwark of the autocracy, she was hated by the revolutionaries of all political parties. However, immediately after the October Revolution, the Bolsheviks were faced with the need to revive the system of combating crime and protecting public order. The sharply increased number of crimes, including in transport, left no choice but to recreate the former law enforcement agencies, albeit in a modified form in accordance with the dominant ideology. On July 25, 1918, the Decree “On the Improvement of the River Police” was adopted, which laid the legal foundations for the protection of public order on the waterways of Soviet Russia.

In accordance with the decree of July 25, 1918, a river militia was created, which was part of the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs of the RSFSR. On April 23, 1919, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK) adopted the Regulations “On the River Soviet Workers' and Peasants' Militia”, and in 1920 a special water police department was created as part of the RSFSR militia. Initially, the river militia was formed according to the territorial principle, like the ordinary militia, but then it was reorganized and adapted to perform functions in relation to the river and sea routes. The river militia was renamed into the water militia.
In the next two years, the water police underwent fairly large-scale reorganization.

First, in September 1920, part of the personnel of the water police was transferred to the Internal Service Troops and renamed the Water Police of the Internal Service. The Criminal Investigation Department, which worked on the water arteries and was part of the water police, was transformed into the Water Investigative and Investigative Police. But already in the same 1920, all the weaknesses of the transformations that had taken place were revealed, after which the water police were transferred from the Internal Service Troops to the troops of the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission. In March 1921, the Directorate of the Railway and Water Police was transferred from the Cheka to the Main Police. However, then, in December 1921, the water and railway police were liquidated, and the functions of protecting the water and railway infrastructure were transferred to the protection of the People's Commissariat for Communications and the All-Russian Emergency Commission.

Thus, by 1924, the departmental militia of the NKPS was created in the USSR. In large port cities, following the model of Tsarist Russia, departments of the port police were created, which were maintained by the enterprises that this police served. At the same time, water departments were created as part of the territorial police bodies - to protect public order and fight crime in water transport and water arteries. In this form, the water police existed for a decade and a half, until the start of World War II. The wartime situation required the creation of a unified and centralized water police management system, as the need to control the situation on the waterways, combat saboteurs, criminals and saboteurs, and protect cargo increased.

On June 27, 1942, the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs of the USSR and the People's Commissariat for the River Fleet of the USSR issued a joint order to create a centralized water police. The new structure was tasked with protecting public order, combating ordinary crime and theft of socialist property in water transport. As part of the Main Directorate of the Workers' and Peasants' Militia, the Transport Militia Directorate was created, where in May 1943 a special Water Department was included.

Further transformations awaited the water police after the end of the Great Patriotic War and were associated with the general reorganization of the country's law enforcement system. so, on June 19, 1947, the functions of protecting public safety and law and order on railway and water communications were transferred to the Main Directorate of Security on Railway and Water Transport, created as part of the USSR Ministry of State Security on June 19, 1947. Thus, the GUO MGB became responsible for the protection of law and order on the water, which also assumed functional responsibilities for counterintelligence support of railway and water transport.

When the united Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR was formed on August 14, 1953, instead of the Main Directorate of Security for Railway and Water Transport, the 6th Transport Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR was created in its composition, which took over counterintelligence functions in transport and enterprises of the transport industries, and the Directorate transport police of the Main Police Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, which was directly involved in the protection of public order, the fight against crime and theft of socialist property in transport.

Accordingly, employees of the Transport Police Department were transferred from the abolished GUO, and instead of the ranks of state security, they were given special ranks of the Soviet police. Four years later, in 1957, the functions of protecting public order in water transport and water arteries were transferred to the republican internal affairs bodies, and the water police units were included in the regional departments of internal affairs of the union republics, autonomous republics, territories and regions of the Soviet Union.

The public order protection system in water transport acquired its modern look in 1980, when the Main Directorate of Internal Affairs for Transport of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs was created. Now its successor is the Department of Law Enforcement in Transport of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. Today, water police officers serve in all cities and towns of the Russian Federation where there are linear police departments for water transport. Their service is less noticeable than other units of the transport police, which citizens encounter more often, but this does not make it any less difficult and honorable.

With warming people are drawn to the water: someone rides on a boat, others go fishing, and still others simply swim in the right and wrong places. The water police is responsible for the order on the water, about the work of which little is known. The Village talked to a water police officer and found out what this structure actually does, how long it takes for a corpse to surface, what to do when the boat runs out of gas, and why the water police is a farce.

What is the water police

The water police is a farce. Our police station employs two minders, and the territory assigned to them is more than 100 square kilometers. What can they do to ensure safety? No way. We are sorely lacking in personnel, people are not doing their job. For example, I have to be on duty on land, like an ordinary staff member of the teaching staff, due to the fact that one is on vacation and the other has broken his arm.

The water police does not deal with this: we simply do not have such powers. And the stories that are shown on federal channels about the water police are window dressing. During each visit of journalists, our superiors arrange demonstration performances with hostage-taking and other nonsense, but all this is just a picture for television. According to Moscow 24, they said that our boats reach speeds of up to 100 kilometers per hour - this is simply ridiculous. And in the stories on TV, all the structures are thrown into one heap: both GIMS, and navigators, and us. Therefore, the image of the "cool water police" is created. Although in fact the water police are minders.

What does the water police do?

Sometimes we patrol the river. The patrol group consists of a minder and two or three peeps (employees of the patrol service. - Approx. ed.). Officially, we are engaged in the protection of public order on the water, but I do not know what that means. Our area of responsibility is an imaginary straight line in the middle of the river, which is called the ship's passage - ships must move along it. But the powers of the water police are extremely modest. We can neither check the documents of the ships, nor fine the owners, nor deal with disturbances on the shore.

Still remember, we checked the dredgers (Vessels of the technical fleet, which are engaged in the extraction of building materials. - Approx. ed.) who illegally mined sand from the shore. And in the last few years, under the new bosses, no one has been doing such work.

What happens in winter

And now it’s all through the ass: “Ay-ay, navigation is tomorrow, we are urgently preparing a boat.” Last year they didn’t do anything at all: the boat was in the ship’s dock from autumn to spring (construction for the repair and storage of ships. - Approx. ed.), then lowered it into the water, and you're done. You can't do that, you have to take care of him, otherwise he will break. There is a certain algorithm of actions (drain water from the boat and engine, drain old oil, fill in new and other technical work) when mothballing the boat during the inter-navigation period. But in the last two years it has not been fulfilled. And what do I care, this is a state boat, and the head of the department is responsible for it.

I'll tell you about another case, also from last year. Usually the boat is driven to the parking lot in October, and the last time the authorities said this was only in November. November is very late: the ice has already risen. As a result, I spent four hours in a cold boat, it was snowing, and the stove, which I have been asking for repair for the fourth year, naturally did not work.

How to get into the water police

Preparation for the profession began at nine in the morning and ended at six in the evening, however, there was no water specifics: we, like ordinary policemen, studied the tactics of maintaining public order, the Criminal Code, learned sambo, disassembled, assembled service weapons and fired from it. I learned to be a police officer of the battalion for the protection of hydraulic structures (dams, locks and hydroelectric power stations) on the Moscow Canal.

Working hours and salary

The average salary of a police sergeant in Moscow is 47,000 rubles. And with 15 years of service I get 32 thousand. Is this a normal salary? Therefore, Muscovites, mostly visitors, have not been working for us for a long time. Nobody wants to go to such a job, it's a pipe, many of our employees will soon retire, and I don't know who will work.

Problems

They say that in 2018 the water police will be abolished. The Confederations Cup will be held soon, then the World Cup, then we will choose Vovka, and then we will be dispersed to hell. All the same, there is little use for the water police. I believe that it is necessary to create a unified water police service that will deal with everything at once: crime, speed control, and document verification. So, by the way, it was in the Soviet Union.

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