Do-it-yourself alternative energy sources for a private house. Getting free electricity with your own hands: methods and videos. Connection diagram of SES components

Until recently, the main sources of energy were: oil, coal, water and. However, natural resources are rapidly depleted, their prices are rising, and emissions from their processing have a negative impact on the environment. For these reasons, many countries are leaning towards energy adoption and development that will replace traditional fuels. In this article, we will consider what alternative energy sources are, their types, efficiency and prospects for application.

Read in the article

Alternative energy sources - what is it

An alternative energy source (AES) is an environmentally friendly renewable resource that, when converted, makes it possible to obtain heat or electricity used for daily human needs. Such resources include all existing types of natural reservoirs, the sun, wind, heat from the bowels of the earth, as well as recycled materials. Alternative energy sources, unlike traditional types, can be renewed an unlimited number of times, they are more efficient, cheaper and environmentally friendly.

Types of alternative energy sources

Depending on the renewable resource, modern energy sources are divided into several types, which determine the ways of its transformation and the types of installations intended for this. Consider briefly alternative energy sources and their characteristics.

Use of alternative energy sources - sun and wind

The conversion of solar energy with the help of special devices allows you to get heat and electricity for further use. Electrical energy is generated due to the physical processes that occur in silicon semiconductors of solar panels under the influence of sunlight, and thermal energy is generated due to the properties of gases and liquids.

The use of wind as an alternative energy source is based on the conversion of air currents into electricity using special generator sets. Wind generators have a different design and dimensions, and also differ in location. The wind drives the blades, which in turn spin a generator that generates electricity.

Water and heat of the Earth in the service of man

People have learned to use the power of water to generate electricity for a long time. Previously, hydroelectric power stations were built for this, which blocked the rivers, these were both small and grandiose structures. With the development of technology, the design of hydroelectric power plants has changed, and now it is possible to receive electricity not only due to the strength of the river flow, but also due to the tides of the seas and oceans (tidal stations). The water falls on the blades of the turbines that rotate the generator, which generates electricity for the consumer.

Huge reserves of heat are hidden in the depths of our Earth, which allow us to replace more expensive and "dirty" energy sources. This direction is called geothermal energy, which uses four main types of heat resources:

• surface heat of the earth;
• the energy of steam and hot water located near the surface of the earth;
• heat concentrated deep in the bowels of the planet;
• the energy of magma and heat accumulated under volcanoes.

The inner body of the earth is used to heat houses and generate electricity. Its reserves are 35 billion times greater than the annual energy demand worldwide. The first geothermal power plant with a capacity of 7.5 MW was introduced in Italy in 1916. At the moment, the cost of electricity generated by TeoTPP is almost equal to that produced by coal-fired TPP.

Biofuels - an alternative to gasoline

Biofuel is an alternative source of energy, which is obtained from the processing of organic raw materials or waste. This type of fuel can be in a solid, liquid or gaseous state. Wood, briquettes and pellets from its wood waste or agricultural products (sunflower and buckwheat husks, nut shells, etc.) are used as solid biofuels. This fuel is used to generate heat and electricity at thermal power plants.

Liquid biofuels are obtained by processing the plant mass of certain crops and their waste (straw) and are used mainly as fuel for cars. These types of fuels include:

• bioethanol;
• biomethanol;
• biobutanol;
• biodiesel;
• dimethyl ether.

There are three types of gaseous ecofuels: biogas, biohydrogen and methane. It is obtained through the fermentation of biological mass. The raw material is exposed to special bacteria that decompose the biomass, and as a result, gas is produced.

Development of alternative energy sources

According to the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation, the share of use of alternative energy sources in Russia is only 1%. It is planned to increase this figure to 4.5% by 2020, by attracting not only funds from the government of the Russian Federation, but also private entrepreneurs. The development of alternative energy has great potential:

• due to the small population of the sea and ocean coasts of Kamchatka, Chukotka, Sakhalin and other territories, the development of wind and tidal energy is possible;
• The development of solar energy is relevant, especially in the Stavropol and Krasnodar Territories, in the North Caucasus, the Far East, etc.

Unfortunately, alternative energy is not a priority for Russian industry. The main problem is the financing of such projects. Sometimes mining coal and oil is cheaper than building wind and solar power plants.

Alternative energy sources for a private house

Owners of private houses, thanks to the use of alternative energy sources, can significantly reduce the cost of or completely abandon the services of gas, electricity and heat suppliers. It is also possible not only to make your economy energy-independent, but also to sell the surplus. The state strongly encourages the development and use of installations of alternative energy sources by ordinary citizens. To obtain heat and electricity using non-traditional energy sources, you can use factory equipment or do it yourself. So, alternative energy allows:

• convert solar energy into electricity or heat for hot water and low-temperature heating;
• with the help of special generators to receive electricity using the power of the wind;
• using special pumps to take heat from the earth, water and air and heat houses and generate electricity through heat generators;
• obtaining gas from agricultural waste, biological materials and waste products of domestic animals and birds.

The greatest efficiency is achieved by using several types of alternative energy sources.

Solar energy as an alternative energy source

The use of solar energy makes it possible to obtain electricity and hot water for heating and hot water using solar semiconductor panels and collectors. Under the influence of light on silicon elements, a directed movement of electrons (electric current) occurs. By connecting enough panels, you can get enough electricity to meet the needs of one house. So, for example, a solar battery with an area of ​​1.4 m2, with good illumination, produces 24 V at a power of about 270 watts. Since the sun does not shine all the time and with different strengths, it is impossible to connect household appliances directly to the converting panels. In order to use electricity from solar panels, you need a whole system, including:

• battery(battery) for the accumulation of excess electricity (used in the dark and inclement weather);
• controller(optional, but recommended) is designed to monitor the battery charge level in order to prevent complete discharge or overcharging, as well as to optimize the operation of solar panels;
• inverter, which converts direct current to alternating current and allows you to get a voltage of 220-230 V.

In order to make a house or cottage completely independent of the centralized power supply, it is necessary to install a large number of batteries and several batteries. This, of course, is not cheap, but in the end it pays off in a relatively short time. A set of panels for generating 1500 W per day, which is enough to provide a summer house or some electrical appliances in the house, costs about $ 1,000, for the production of 4 kW - about $ 2,200, and 9 kW - $ 6,200. You can buy a small installation and subsequently supplement it with new solar panels, having achieved the required power.

Alternative sources of electricity for a private house - solar panels

So, we have already considered that solar energy can be used to generate electricity (semiconductor panels) and heat for heating and hot water supply (collectors). Let's take a look at what solar panels are. consists of a certain number of silicon photocells (household models). Such panels have an efficiency of 20–24% and a relatively low cost. The photocells are connected to each other, and their contacts are brought out to the terminals located on the closed case of each battery. The case is made of anodized aluminum, and the front panel is made of high quality durable glass and coated with an anti-reflective compound.

Related article:

What is it, the principles of operation and types of solar panels for a private house, the cost of the kit, reviews, specifications, recommendations of experts - read in the publication.

Solar collectors - a worthy replacement for traditional water heaters

Solar heat collectors allow you to accumulate 600-800 W / h per square meter and provide the house with enough energy for heating and hot water. Structurally, collectors are divided into the following main groups:

• vacuum. Flat or multi-pipe structures with natural or forced circulation of the coolant in the system. Basically, these are stationary collectors intended for seasonal use;
• air solar systems which are the easiest and simplest. The heat from the heated surface of the collector is removed by the air flow;
• in the third option, heat from solar collectors can be used to transform it into electricity.

The latter option is not particularly popular among ordinary consumers due to the complexity of maintenance and the high cost of equipment.

Heat pumps for heating systems of private houses

Currently, for and providing them with hot water supply, various types of boilers are mainly used -, diesel, and. Relatively recently, another method of heating a liquid with the help has appeared, but so far it has not yet received a fairly wide application. , moving along an overpass laid in the ground at a certain depth, it heats up by several degrees and enters the evaporator. Further, the heated liquid gives off heat to the refrigerant, which at low temperatures turns into vapor and enters the compressor. In the compressor, it is compressed, which leads to an increase in pressure and, accordingly, an increase in temperature.

The compressed heated refrigerant moves to the condenser, where it gives off heat to another coolant (air, water or). As a result of this process, the refrigerant is cooled and returned to a liquid state. After that, the liquid enters the evaporator, and the whole cycle is repeated.

Article

Today, everyone knows that the reserves of hydrocarbons on Earth have their limits. Every year it becomes more and more difficult to extract oil and gas from the bowels. In addition, their burning causes irreparable damage to the ecology of our planet. Despite the fact that renewable energy production technologies are very effective today, governments are in no hurry to abandon fuel combustion. At the same time, energy prices are rising every year, forcing ordinary citizens to fork out more and more.

In this regard, the production of alternative energy today is becoming not just an eccentricity of individual amateurs, but an occupation that is quite utilitarian and even necessary in some cases. Hundreds of thousands of owners of country houses, not only in the world, but in our country, today are happy to use "green" technologies for the production of electricity. How do-it-yourself alternative energy is produced: an overview of the best renewable sources of electricity can be seen below.

Self-generating renewable energy sources

Since ancient times, man has used devices and mechanisms in his life that were able to convert the movement of natural elements into mechanical energy. Windmills and watermills are examples. With the invention of electricity, it became possible to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy by installing a generator on the moving parts of the mechanism. Over time, these designs have been improved, and today, hydroelectric power plants and wind farms in the world generate a large amount of electricity.

In addition to water and wind, sunlight, the energy of the earth's interior, and biological fuels are available to mankind. In this regard, the following devices for generating renewable energy are used in everyday life:

• Batteries for solar energy.
• Thermal pump stations.
• wind generators.
• Installations on biogas fuel.

The industry is very sensitive to the wishes of the people and already produces many models of each of these devices. However, their prices today are such that a quick payback is out of the question. In this regard, craftsmen from the people have developed many schemes and projects by which such units can be made. Let's consider some of them.

Solar panels - a gift of space technology

Solar panels gained prominence at the beginning of the space age. They are still used today as energy sources for spacecraft and interplanetary stations. The vehicles plowing the sands of Mars are equipped with these simple devices. The Sun itself gives them its energy. The principle of operation of solar panels is based on the ability of photons, when passing through a semiconductor layer, to create a potential difference in it, which, when closed in an electrical circuit, creates an electric current.

Surprisingly, making your own solar panel is not so difficult. There are two ways to create it. The first method is simple, and anyone can handle it. You just need to purchase ready-made photocells on polycrystals or single crystals, connect them in one circuit and close them with a transparent case. These crystals are capable of capturing photons from the Sun's light and converting them into electricity. They are very fragile, therefore, in the process of manufacturing the device, precautions must be taken. Each element is marked, so its current-voltage characteristics are known. It is only necessary to collect the required number of elements to build a battery of the required power. For this:

• A transparent frame is made of plastic, plexiglass or polycarbonate.
• The body is cut out of plywood or plastic according to the size of this frame.
• All crystalline elements are sequentially soldered into the circuit. Only with a series connection is an increase in the voltage in the circuit achieved. It is simply summed from all elements.
• The photocells are placed in the frame and carefully closed, not forgetting to bring the wires out.

When choosing solar cells, one should take into account that single crystals are more durable and efficient (13% efficiency), while polycrystals often break and are less efficient (9% efficiency). At the same time, the former require constant open sunlight, while the latter are content with more cloudy weather. Install the finished panel most often on the roof or on a sunlit area. The angle of inclination must be adjusted, since in winter it is better to install the panel vertically to avoid falling asleep with snow.

The second method of manufacturing solar panels is much more complicated. Some electrical skills are already required here. Instead of ready-made elements, you need to make a diode circuit. To do this, you need to purchase or collect diodes from the old technique. D223B is best suited for this purpose. They have a high voltage of 350mV in direct sunlight. That is, to generate 1V, you need only 3 such diodes. A voltage of 12V can create 36 diodes. The quantity is significant, but their cost is small, about 130 rubles per hundred, so the main problem is the duration of installation.

The diodes are soaked in acetone, after which the paint is removed from them. Then the required number of holes are drilled in the plastic blank and diodes are inserted into them. Spikes are produced sequentially in rows. The finished panel is covered with a transparent material and placed in a casing.

As you can see, it is not so difficult to use the free energy of the Sun. It is enough to devote a little effort and money.

Heat pumps create heat from everything

The principle of their operation is based on Carnot cycles. In simpler terms, this is a large refrigerator, which, when the environment cools, takes low-potential energy from it and converts it into high-potential heat. The environment can be any: earth, water, air. At any time of the year, they contain a small proportion of heat. The device has a rather complex device and consists of several main components:

• External circuit filled with natural coolant.
• Internal circuit with water.
• Evaporator.
• Compressor.
• Capacitor.

Freon is used in the system, as in the refrigerator. The outer circuit can be placed in a water well or in an open body of water. Sometimes this circuit is even simply buried in the ground, but this is costly.

Consider the process of self-manufacturing a heat pump. The first step is to get a compressor. You can remove it from the air conditioner. It will be enough power for heating 9.7 kW.

The second important detail is the capacitor. It can be made from a conventional tank with a volume of 120 liters. The main thing is that it is not subject to corrosion. The tank is cut into two parts and a copper coil is inserted inside. Two-inch connections are attached to the coil outlets for mounting the circuit. The tank is welded using a welding machine. The area of ​​the coil must be calculated in advance according to the formula: PZ = MT / 0.8RT, where: PZ - the area of ​​​​the coil; MT - The power of thermal energy that the system produces, kW; 0.8 - coefficient of thermal conductivity when water flows around copper; RT is the difference between the inlet and outlet water temperatures in degrees Celsius. The coil can be made independently by winding the pipe on any cylinder. Freon will circulate inside it, and water from the heating system will circulate in the tank. It will heat up when freon condenses.

For the manufacture of the evaporator, you will need a plastic container with a volume of at least 130 liters. The mouth of this tank should be wide. A coil is also placed in it, which will be connected to the previous one in a single circuit through a compressor. The outlet and inlet of the evaporator are made using a conventional sewer pipe. Water from a reservoir or well will flow through it, which has enough energy to evaporate freon.

Such a system works as follows: the evaporator is placed in a reservoir or well. Water, bending around it, causes the evaporation of the refrigerant, which rises through the pipes from the evaporator to the condenser. There it condenses, giving off heat to the water surrounding the coil. This water circulates through the heating pipes with the help of a centrifugal pump, heating the room. The refrigerant is again sent to the evaporator by the compressor, and the cycle repeats again and again.

The unit considered by us is able to heat a room of 60 m2 at any time of the year. In this case, energy is taken from the environment.

Descendants of windmills that generate kilowatts

There is nothing complicated in the device of windmills. No wonder our ancestors used wind energy so routinely. Basically nothing has changed. Simply, instead of the millstones of the mill, a drive was installed on the generator, which converts the rotational energy of the blades into electricity.

For the manufacture of a wind generator you will need: a high tower, blades, a generator and a storage battery. It is also necessary to come up with a simple system for controlling and distributing electricity. Consider one of the ways to build a windmill yourself.
We will not focus on the structure of the tower and the blades, there is nothing complicated here for someone who understands at least something in mechanics. Let's take a look at the generator. You can, of course, purchase a ready-made generator with the necessary parameters, but our task is to create a windmill on our own. If you have a motor from an old washing machine and it works, then the matter is solved. We will need to convert it into a generator. To do this, we will purchase neodymium magnets.

We bore the generator rotor on a lathe, making recesses for the magnets. We glue magnets on them with superglue. We wrap the rotor in paper, and fill the distance between the magnets with epoxy. When it dries, we remove the paper, and grind the rotor with sandpaper. Attention! To prevent the magnets from sticking, they must be installed with a slight inclination. Now, when the rotor rotates, the magnets will form a potential difference, which is removed using the terminals.

Biogas generator will create energy from waste

Man in the course of his life produces a huge amount of organic waste. This is especially true near large cities or livestock complexes. If these wastes are placed in an anaerobic environment, then the process of their decomposition begins with the release of a mixture of combustible gases: methane, hydrogen sulfide with carbon dioxide impurities. All of them, except for the last one, are excellent fuel, although they have an unpleasant odor.

In order to make a generator for biofuel, you need a hermetically sealed tank. An auger is mounted in it, with which the waste will be periodically mixed, a branch pipe through which the waste will be unloaded and a neck for loading them. In addition, a branch pipe is welded in the upper part of the tank to take the released biogas and discharge it to the consumer.

It is best to bury this structure in the ground and make it completely airtight. This will facilitate efficient gas extraction without leakage. Since the container is sealed, the gas flow must be constant, otherwise, it is recommended to make a safety valve that will open when the permissible pressure is exceeded. Recycled waste is an excellent fertilizer for the garden.

The simplest design of this installation allows you to create it from almost any available materials. It is very widespread in China. However, it is worth observing safety measures, since biogas is very flammable and toxic. Most biogas comes from a mixture of animal waste and silage. Warm water is poured into the tank, which starts the process of decomposition of the substrate.
A review of the best renewable electricity sources has shown that do-it-yourself alternative energy is not such a fad. It can be obtained literally from nothing and in sufficient quantities for household consumption.

In nature, energy is present almost everywhere - wind, water, earth and the sun are alternative and renewable energy sources. But the main task of mankind is to create devices that can extract it from there, this is what alternative energy is doing.

Mankind has achieved incredible success in this direction, today such installations can be made independently for your home. Why do we need these devices, and what can be done with our own hands?

Energy development and technological progress have led to a constant increase in demand for energy resources. Until the 1960s, oil was the main source of energy. The crisis of 1973 showed that focusing on one type of resource can lead to unforeseen situations. Many economically developed countries have developed a new energy strategy based on the diversification of energy sources.

Since that time, scientists have paid great attention to the problems of global energy conservation and the study of the possibilities of using non-traditional alternative energy sources.

Development of non-traditional sources

Non-traditional energy sources include:

• energy of sun;
• wind energy;
• geothermal;
• energy of sea tides and waves;
• biomass;
• low-potential energy of the environment.

Their development is possible due to the ubiquitous distribution of most species; one can also note their environmental friendliness and the absence of operating costs for the fuel component.

However, there are some negative qualities that prevent their use on an industrial scale. This is a small flux density, which forces the use of "intercepting" installations of a large area, as well as variability over time.

All this leads to the fact that such devices have a high material consumption, which means that capital investments also increase. Well, the process of obtaining energy due to some element of randomness associated with weather conditions causes a lot of trouble.

The other most important problem is the "storage" of this energy raw material, since the existing technologies for storing electricity do not allow this to be done in large quantities. However, in domestic conditions, alternative energy sources for the home are becoming increasingly popular, so let's get acquainted with the main power plants that can be installed in private ownership.

A solar panel consists of a complex of interconnected elements that convert sunlight into a stream of electrons. A characteristic feature is the fact that they are not able to generate high voltage current. A single cell generates current up to 0.55 V, and one battery generates current up to 21 V, which allows you to power a 12-volt battery.

Naturally, to provide a home with electricity, a system with dozens of such devices will be required. It also includes the following components:

• controller to manage battery charging, prevent recharging;
• an inverter that converts current from low to high voltage;
• battery.

All three elements are best purchased ready-made, well, you can make a solar battery yourself.

battery manufacturing process

The battery is assembled from modules consisting of 30, 36 or 72 photocells. They are connected in series with the power supply, its maximum voltage is 50 V.

Stages of work:

1. The bottom of the case is cut out of plywood and inserted into a frame, along the perimeter of which holes are drilled. They are necessary to ensure ventilation and prevent overheating during operation.
2. The substrate for solar cells is cut to the size of the case, here it is also necessary to provide for the presence of holes.
3. The case is painted and dried, after which the solar cells are laid upside down on it and sealed.
4. Elements are connected first in rows, then they are connected to current-carrying tires.
5. The inverted elements are fixed with silicone.

The output voltage should be about 18-20 V, you must first make sure of this. Also, the battery performance is checked for several days, only after that the joints are sealed and the power supply system is assembled.

When installing the panel, pay attention to the following:

1. Do not place the battery in the shade of trees or tall buildings.
2. Orient the battery towards the sun.
3. Correctly determine the slope.
4. Ensure accessibility for the timely removal of dust, dirt and a layer of snow.
5. Provide a stand that regulates the angle of inclination for the winter and summer seasons.

Alternative energy sources for a private house are renewable resources, which include wind energy. Our ancestors knew how to build mills that use air currents to rotate the blades, but now man has learned to convert them into electricity.

There are several types of wind generators, which differ depending on the main parameters.

Axis placement

There are vertical and horizontal structures. Horizontal ones provide automatic rotation of the main part to search for wind, have a higher level of efficiency. The equipment of vertical generators is located on the ground, the operation and maintenance of this type is easier.

Number of blades

There are the following types:

• single-bladed;
• two-bladed;
• three-bladed;
• multi-bladed.

The latter type is rarely used, mainly at low wind speeds.

blade material

The blades are rigid and sail, however, due to the rapid loss of their functionality, as a result of sudden gusts of wind, they require frequent replacement.

The wind turbine consists of the following main elements that you can make yourself:

1. Blades that, as a result of rotation, provide the movement of the rotor.
2. Alternating current generator.
3. A controller that converts alternating current to direct current, necessary for charging batteries.
4. Accumulators for accumulation of the electric power.
5. The inverter converts direct current into alternating current, which is necessary for the functioning of all household appliances.
6. Mast to ensure the raising of the blades to the required height with the most active air masses.

The principle of operation of the equipment is based on the Carnot cycle: as a result of a sharp compression of the coolant, the temperature rises. The opposite effect is observed in the functioning of refrigerators and freezers.

For the manufacture of a heat pump, some of the components used in this equipment can be used. The thermal energy taken from the soil, air, water, entering the evaporator, turns into gas, then is compressed by the compressor, and the temperature rises.

The classification of pumps is as follows:

1. By the number of circuits:
   • single-circuit;
   • double-circuit;
   • three-circuit.
2. By type of source.

There are the following developments.

ground water

They are successfully used in areas with a temperate climate, where there is a uniform heating of the soil at any time of the year. Wells are drilled shallow, so permits do not have to be issued. Depending on the type of soil, a probe or a collector is used.

Air to water

Such installations are used in areas with a climate where the winter temperature does not fall below 15-20 degrees. The accumulated heat from the air is used to heat water.

water-water

They are used in conditions of the presence of a reservoir: rivers, lakes, wells, sedimentation tanks, groundwater. As you know, the temperature of water sources is much higher than the air temperature in winter. This is the reason for the effectiveness of these installations.

Water-air

The heat from the reservoirs is transferred to the air by means of a compressor and used to heat residential areas.

ground-air

The most versatile system using non-freezing liquids as energy carriers. The heat from the ground is transferred to the air by means of a compressor.

Air to air

The cheapest system that does not require excavation, as well as the laying of a pipeline. Capable of both heating and cooling the room.

When choosing one of the systems, consider the following:

• site geology;
• the possibility of earthworks;
• availability of free space.

The efficiency of the installation depends on the correct choice of alternative energy source.

The gas is formed as a result of the processing of waste products of poultry and animals. Recycled waste is used to fertilize the soil in household plots. The process is based on a fermentation reaction involving bacteria living in manure.

Cattle manure is considered to be the best source of biogas, although waste from birds or other livestock is also suitable.

Fermentation occurs without access to oxygen, so it is advisable to use closed containers, which are also called bioreactors. The reaction is activated if the mass is periodically mixed, for this manual labor or various electromechanical devices are used.

It will also be necessary to maintain the temperature in the installation from 30 to 50 degrees to ensure the activity of mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria and their participation in the reaction.

Construction manufacturing

The simplest biogas plant is a stirred barrel with a lid. Gas from the barrel enters the tank through a hose, a hole is made in the lid for this purpose. This design provides gas to one or two gas burners.

To obtain large-scale volumes of gas, an above-ground or underground bunker is used, which is made of reinforced concrete. It is advisable to divide the entire container into several compartments in order for the reaction to occur with a shift in time.

The fermentation process with the participation of mesophilic cultures takes up to 30 days, so these conditions are optimal for uninterrupted gas release. Manure is loaded through the loading hopper, waste raw materials are taken from the opposite side.

The container is not completely filled with mass, by about 20 percent, the rest of the space serves to accumulate gas. Two tubes are connected to the lid of the container, one is led to the consumer, and the other to the water seal - a container filled with water. This ensures gas purification and drying, high quality gas is supplied to the consumer.

Mini hydroelectric power plants

Homemade hydroelectric power plants are additional alternative sources of energy with your own hands, they can be built near a stream or reservoir with a dam. The basis of this design is a wheel that rotates with water flows, and the power of the installation depends on the speed of the flow.

How to make a design yourself?

To implement the plan, you will need the following materials:

• car wheel;
• generator;
• trimming corner and metal;
• plywood;
• copper wire;
• neodymium magnets;
• polystyrene resin.

The wheel is made from 11" rims. The steel pipe is cut into four parts vertically, blades are obtained from the resulting segments, they will need 16 pieces. The blades are fastened by welding, and the discs are bolted.

The dimensions of the nozzle correspond to the width of the wheel, it is made from scrap metal. Having given the appropriate shape, the edges are connected by welding. The nozzle must be adjusted in height to regulate the water flow.

Such a device does not require huge investments, but it can significantly reduce energy costs.

Unexplored types of alternative energy sources lurk in the bowels of the globe. Mankind knows what the strength and scale of natural manifestations are. The power of the eruption of one volcano is incomparable with any of the man-made power plants.

Unfortunately, people still do not know how to use this gigantic energy for good, but the natural warmth of the Earth or geothermal energy attracts the attention of scientists, as it is an inexhaustible resource.

It is known that our planet annually radiates an enormous amount of internal heat, which is compensated by the radioactive decay of isotopes in the crust of the globe. There are two types of geothermal energy source.

Underground pools

These are natural pools with hot water or steam-water mixture - hydrothermal or steam-thermal sources. Resources from these sources are extracted through boreholes, then the energy is used for the needs of mankind.

Rocks

The heat from hot rocks can be used to heat water. To do this, it is pumped into horizons for further use for energy purposes.

One of the disadvantages of this type of energy is its weak concentration. However, in conditions where, when diving for every 100 meters, the temperature increases by 30-40 degrees, it is possible to ensure its economic use.

The technology of using this energy in promising "geothermal areas" has clear advantages:

• inexhaustible reserves;
• ecological cleanliness;
• the absence of large costs for the development of sources.

Further development of civilization is impossible without the introduction of new technologies in the field of energy. On this path there are intractable tasks that humanity has yet to solve.

Nevertheless, the development of this direction plays an important role, and today there is already equipment that can significantly save resources. Traditional and alternative energy sources are an excellent alternative to them. To implement such ideas requires patience, skillful hands, as well as some skills and knowledge.

Video

You can get acquainted with the work of various alternative energy sources in a private house by watching our video.

Interest in alternative sources is riveted also because of environmental concerns. The natural resources currently used to produce electricity in the traditional way are gradually being depleted.

This is the decision of many homeowners, dictated by three factors.

• Firstly, far from all settlements, especially those remote from regional centers, have a properly functioning high-voltage main;
• Secondly, even with this communication, the state of local power grids and transformer substations often leaves much to be desired, as a result of which emergency shutdowns have become practically the norm;
• Thirdly, considerations of energy independence from monopoly state tariffs for all types of energy resources motivate owners of suburban housing to rely only on their own capabilities.

It is also necessary to add service maintenance of central power supply lines to this, the methods of which are outdated thirty years ago, and then the decision to use alternative energy sources in a private house will become irrevocable, convincing and motivating for concrete actions.

Interest in alternative sources is riveted also because of environmental concerns. The natural resources currently used to produce electricity in the traditional way are gradually being depleted. Moreover, the intensity of the reduction of stocks causes alarm throughout the world community. At the same time, the demand for energy increases - the number of household appliances and equipment in each house requires huge resources. Already now, on average, energy costs reach 40% of the family budget.

Technological and operational advantages of alternative energy sources

Are such systems really necessary in a private house, if until now it has been possible to cope with the operation of traditional, although fearsome in their technical condition, power lines? In this matter, InnovaStroy specialists demonstrate their competence, conducting engineering work in private homes, including the installation of alternative energy systems.

How effective and, most importantly, necessary, can alternative energy source for home, can be judged by the description of its operational advantages:

• Complete energy independence from the central power supply lines;
• The ability to timely eliminate emergencies and minor problems;
• Ability to control the functional of all structural elements of an alternative system;
• No restrictions in determining the rated power;
• Absence of critical drops in the consumer power supply network;
• Minimization of the risks of failure of household appliances due to a violation of operating parameters in the network;
• Safety control when using alternative sources;
• Free choice of functional equipment, taking into account budgetary priorities and technological parameters.

The last point is usually of the greatest interest to those who have decided to install an alternative energy source for their home.

Economic benefits

The financial advantages of alternative sources are manifested, first of all, in the ability to choose an energy supply system in an affordable price range, depending on the type of fuel resources used, technical characteristics, the authority of the manufacturer's brand and other conditions.

At the same time, the homeowner does not incur additional costs that are typical for centralized networks, including the cost of maintaining and repairing the central highway - he buys only the equipment that will provide energy only to his house.

• Another financial nuance is regular payments. If you have your own alternative source, there is no need to pay monthly utility costs, which are completely unreasonably high.
• The list of economic benefits should include the ability to reduce installation costs, as they are limited only to the outside of the house and yard.
• And finally, the main advantage is the low cost of operating equipment for alternative energy supply systems at home.

As a consequence of all these priorities - a very fast payback of such energy sources. If we add here the possibility of making changes to private house project, and the low cost of such work in the InnovaStroy company, then the priority of alternative sources will become quite obvious.

Technical advantages

The main technical advantage is that alternative energy source for home allows you to adjust and control performance at the discretion of the owner of the house. Another obvious "plus" is that the owner of the equipment can always turn it off as unnecessary - during a long absence, for example.

Maintenance of alternative energy sources is another advantage. Scheduled technical inspection depends only on the responsibility and desire of the homeowner. At the same time, you do not need to plan a day in order to adapt to the visit of a brigade from the central power grid service. If you need to replace equipment, this is also within the power and capabilities of the owner himself. Complete energy independence with its technical capabilities, which is provided by alternative energy sources in a private house, is also independence from government services, regulatory authorities, and their not always competent actions.

Is everything so smooth?

It would seem that such a technology for powering a private house should have long since forced out traditional centralized methods of providing energy from the market. Why doesn't this happen? There are several arguments that testify not in favor of alternative energy. But their significance is determined on an individual basis - for some owners of country houses, some shortcomings are relevant and others are not at all of interest.

For large country cottages, the not too high efficiency of alternative energy installations can become a problem. Naturally, local solar systems, heat pumps or geothermal installations cannot be compared with the productivity of even the oldest hydroelectric power plants, thermal power plants, and even more so nuclear power plants. However, this drawback is often minimized by installing two or even three systems, using more power. The consequence of this may be another problem - their installation will require a larger area, which is not possible to allocate in all house projects.

For the uninterrupted supply of the number of household appliances and the heating system familiar to a modern house, a lot of power is required. Therefore, the project should provide for such sources that can produce such power. And this requires a solid investment - the more powerful the equipment, the more expensive it is.

In addition, in some cases (for example, when using wind energy), the source may not guarantee the constancy of energy production. Therefore, it is necessary to equip all communication with storage devices. Usually, batteries and collectors are installed for this purpose, which entails all the same additional costs and the need to allocate more square meters in the house.

Classification of alternative energy sources

While traditional methods require burning coal in volumes measured in tons per minute, the progressive part of humanity is trying to find a way out of the quite predictable energy collapse in the available natural resources. Wind gusts, sea wave energy, incredible solar radiation power and other factors are gradually becoming at the service of man . Already now there is a classification of the sources of alternative energy and, accordingly, equipment for completing private house projects.

Wind energy

People managed to tame the wind already 40 years ago, when the first wind turbines appeared. In today's realities, such installations are becoming not only relevant and in demand - in some countries, equipping with wind power plants has become a trend for entire regions. In New Zealand, there are entire areas that consume the power of wind energy.

In our conditions, this trend has not yet acquired signs of such relevance and is in its infancy. However, windmills have already appeared in some private houses, producing electricity even with a weak wind movement - from 2 to 6 meters per second. In regions with strong wind gusts, it is enough to install a mast up to 15 meters high to provide several houses with affordable electricity. Where there are few such winds, higher masts are used - up to 30-45 meters with a large span of blades and their number up to 30 pieces.

The energy efficiency and economic viability of this type of alternative energy is striking. For example, just one wind turbine producing 1 MW of energy can save 90,000 tons of oil over a twenty-year period! The same device will eliminate the need to burn 30,000 tons of coal in the same period! At the same time, installation and operation costs pay off much faster than with the construction of traditional energy sources.

The efficiency of wind energy sources is somewhat overshadowed by the need to use batteries. With the variability and difference in the strength of the wind, the production of electricity by this source cannot be called stable. Therefore, it is necessary to accumulate its excess in batteries. The disadvantage of this method is that the cost of the batteries themselves takes up 25-30% of the total budget for equipping this alternative energy source. In addition, with frequent use, batteries have a short life span.

Energy of sun

solar alternative energy sources for a private house more productive and more progressive in comparison even with wind turbines. Solar systems consist of solar collectors that receive solar energy and distribute it, as well as a system of batteries and a tank for the coolant.

There are two types of solar plants:

• With flat collectors;
• With vacuum manifolds.

In the middle lane, tubular vacuum collectors are more relevant. The efficiency of the solar system is practically unlimited - according to scientists, about 150-300 W of solar energy per day falls on 1 square meter, which is equivalent to using 100 meters of cubic gas or 100-120 liters of diesel fuel. The advantage of this system is that such alternative energy sources for a private house can work even in cloudy weather, despite the absence of the sun.

geothermal energy

The use of the energy of the bowels of the earth is another promising direction in modern energy. Energy production is carried out with the help of special devices - heat pumps. By pumping warm underground water and cooling it, such pumps take heat energy from it, converting it into electrical energy.

At the same time, they are able to provide themselves with electricity to maintain functionality. The coefficient of consumption and production of electricity is 1.6 units. Therefore, the allocated energy is quite enough to provide the consumer network and to operate the pump itself. It is also curious that during the generation of electricity, the coolant for the heating system can be heated at the same time due to the heating of the rotational elements in the design of the heat pump.

biological sources

For example, for the production of biogas, autonomous systems and entire production complexes have been developed that operate by releasing energy from manure, vegetation waste, and even wood waste. Science is discovering new opportunities for using bioresources to produce energy. For example, research has recently begun on the storage of solar energy with the participation of ordinary algae. Sugar beet can be used to produce biofuels that could be used to run gasoline or diesel power generators. Similarly, such an alternative fuel is produced from rapeseed, soybeans and corn.

Other types of alternative energy

In recent years, interest in the use of alternative energy sources has grown, as a result of which projects using space technologies have begun to be implemented - numerous satellites can accumulate and transmit energy to the earth with stable characteristics. In addition, stations are being installed in coastal regions that generate energy due to the movement of waves. Another direction of modern energy is the generation of electricity from a thunderstorm.

Designing houses with alternative energy sources

As you can see, already now humanity has at its disposal quite real, efficient, highly productive modern sources of alternative energy for the home.

The task of designers, builders and even the developer himself is to choose the most profitable alternative system, taking into account climatic conditions, technical features of the project, the availability of a particular source. And only experienced and competent specialists from the professional staff of InnovaStroy can most rationally cope with this task. After all, it is not enough just to design a house - you need to design it. commissioning with the availability of alternative energy sources.

And the project itself must be prepared in such a way that these sources can harmoniously fit into the overall style concept, and fully comply with design standards, state standardization requirements and safety considerations. You can learn a little more about the principles, classification and methods of alternative energy sources from the proposed video materials, placed below.

The electricity bill is an inevitable expense item for any modern person. Centralized power supply is constantly becoming more expensive, but electricity consumption is still growing every year. This problem is especially acute for miners, because, as you know, cryptocurrency mining consumes a significant amount of electricity, and therefore the bills for its payment may exceed the profit from. Under such conditions, it is worth paying attention to the fact that almost all natural resources can be used to convert into electricity. Even in the air there is static electricity, it remains only to find methods to use it.

Where can I get free electricity?

You can get electricity from everything. The only condition: you need a conductor and a potential difference. Scientists and practitioners are constantly looking for new alternative sources of electricity and energy that will be free. It should be clarified that free means no payment for centralized energy supply, but the equipment itself and its installation still cost money. True, such investments are more than paid off later.

At the moment, free electricity is produced from three alternative sources:

Such methods are used both by ordinary consumers and on a large scale. For example, huge geothermal plants are installed in Iceland and generate hundreds of MW.

How to make free electricity at home?

Free electricity in the apartment must be powerful and constant, so a powerful installation will be required to fully ensure consumption. The first step is to determine the most appropriate method. So, for sunny regions, installation is recommended. If solar energy is not enough then wind or geothermal power plants should be used. The latter method is particularly suitable for regions located in relative proximity to volcanic zones.

Having decided on the method of obtaining energy, you should also take care of the safety and security of electrical appliances. To do this, the home power plant must be connected to the network through an inverter and voltage regulator to ensure the supply of current without sudden surges. It should also be borne in mind that alternative sources are quite capricious to weather conditions. In the absence of appropriate climatic conditions, electricity generation will stop or will be insufficient. Therefore, you should also acquire powerful batteries for accumulation in case of lack of production.

Ready-made installations of alternative power plants are widely represented on the market. True, their cost is quite high, but on average they all pay off from 2 to 5 years. You can save money by purchasing not a ready-made installation, but its components, and then design and connect the power plant on your own.

How to get free electricity in the country?

Connecting to a centralized power supply system is a problematic process and often cottages remain without electricity for a long time. This is where the installation of a diesel generator or alternative mining methods can come to the rescue.

In summer cottages, a huge number of electrical appliances are often not available. As a result, power consumption is much less. First you need to determine the preferred period of time that will be spent indoors. So for summer summer residents, solar collectors and batteries are suitable, for the rest, wind methods.

You can also power individual electrical appliances or illuminate a room by collecting electricity from grounding. Scheme for obtaining free electricity: zero - load - ground. The voltage inside the house is supplied through the phase and neutral conductor. By including in this circuit the third load conductor to zero, it will be directed from 12W to 15W, which will not be recorded by metering devices. For such a circuit, it is imperative to take care of reliable grounding. Zero and earth do not carry the danger of electric shock.

Free electricity from the earth

The earth is a favorable environment for generating electricity. There are three environments in the soil:

• humidity - drops of water;
• hardness - minerals;
• gaseousness - air between minerals and water.

In addition, electrical processes are constantly taking place in the soil, since its main humus complex is a system, on the outer shell of which a negative charge is formed, and on the inner shell a positive one, which entails a constant attraction of positively charged electrons to negative ones.

The method is similar to that used in conventional batteries. To obtain electricity from the ground, two electrodes should be immersed in the ground to a depth of half a meter. One is copper, the other is galvanized iron. The distance between the electrodes should be about 25 cm. The soil between the conductors is filled with saline, and wires are connected to the conductors, one will have a positive charge, the other will have a negative charge.

In practical terms, the output power of such an installation will be approximately 3W. The charge power also depends on the composition of the soil. Of course, this power is not enough to provide power in a private house, but the installation can be strengthened by changing the size of the electrodes or connecting the required number in series. After the first experiment, you can roughly calculate how many such installations will be needed to provide 1 kW, and then calculate the required amount based on the average consumption per day.

How to get free electricity out of thin air?

For the first time, Nikola Tesla spoke about obtaining electricity from the air. The scientist's experiments proved that there is static electricity between the base and the raised metal plate, which can be accumulated. In addition, the air in the modern world is constantly subjected to additional ionization due to the functioning of many electrical networks.

The soil can act as the basis for the mechanism for extracting electricity from the air. A metal plate is placed on the conductor. It should be placed above other nearby objects. The outputs from the conductor are connected to a battery in which static electricity will accumulate.

Free electricity from power lines

Power lines carry a huge amount of electricity through their wires. An electromagnetic field is created around the wire in which the current flows. Thus, if a cable is placed under a power transmission line, then an electric current is formed at its ends, the exact power of which can be calculated, knowing how much power the current is transmitted through the cable.

Another way is to build a transformer near power lines. A transformer can be created using copper wire and a rod using the primary and secondary winding method. The output power of the current in this case depends on the volume and power of the transformer.

It is worth considering that such a system of obtaining free electricity is illegal, although there is no actual illegal connection to the network. The fact is that such wedging into the power supply system damages its power and can be punished with fines.

Free electricity from a surge protector

Many seekers of free electricity must have found versions on the Internet that an extension cord can become a source of endless free energy, forming a closed circuit. To do this, take a surge protector with a wire length of at least three meters. Fold a coil from the cable, with a diameter of not more than 30 cm, connect it to the consumer's outlet, isolate all free holes, leaving only one more outlet for the plug of the extension cord itself.

Next, the network filter must be given an initial charge. The easiest way to do this is to connect the extension cord to a functioning network, and then close it in yourself in a split second. Free electricity from an extension cord is good for powering lighting fixtures, but the power of free energy in such a network is too small for anything more. And the method itself is quite controversial.

Free electricity from magnets

A magnet emits a magnetic field and as a result, it can be used to extract free electricity. To do this, wind the magnet with copper wire, forming a small transformer, placing it near the electromagnetic field, you can get free energy. The power of electricity in this case depends on the size of the magnet, the number of windings and the power of the electromagnetic field.

How to use free electricity?

When deciding to replace the centralized energy supply with alternative sources, all necessary security measures should be taken into account. To avoid sudden voltage drops, electric current to the devices must be supplied through voltage stabilizers. Be sure to pay attention to the dangers of each method. Thus, immersion of electrodes into the soil implies the subsequent flooding of the soil with saline, which will make it unsuitable for further plant growth, and systems for the accumulation of static electricity from the air can attract lightning.

Electricity is not only useful, but also dangerous. Incorrect phasing can lead to electric shocks, and a short circuit in the network can lead to fires. It is necessary to approach the provision of electricity at home with a detailed study of the methods and laws of physics.

It should also be taken into account that most methods do not provide stable power and depend on many factors, including weather conditions, which cannot be predicted. Therefore, it is recommended to either accumulate energy in batteries, and just in case, have a spare type of power supply.

Forecast for the future

Already, alternative energy sources are widely used. The lion's share of electricity consumption is for household electrical appliances and lighting. By replacing their power supply from centralized to alternative, you can significantly save the budget. Miners should pay special attention to alternative sources of power supply, since mining on centralized power supply can take up to 50% of profits, while mining on free power supply will bring net income.

More and more homes are switching to solar panels or wind farms. Such methods give much less power, but are environmentally friendly energy sources that do not harm the environment. Industrial alternative power plants are also being constructed.

In the future, this area will only be supplemented by new methods and improved analogues.

Conclusion

It is possible to extract electricity even from the air, but to cover all the needs of consumption, it is necessary to design a whole system of alternative electricity generation. You can go the easy way and buy ready-made solar panels or wind farms, or you can make an effort and assemble your own power plant. Now free electricity is not a fully explored area and opens up a lot of opportunities for independent experiments.