Does the person get poisoned. Food poisoning: how to induce vomiting at home. What is the danger for pregnant women

Treatment of food poisoning at home requires prompt intervention and timely assistance. Food poisoning is a fairly common phenomenon, which is manifested by fever, general weakness of the body and indigestion. It is impossible to ignore the signs of intoxication with products, since the patient's condition will only worsen.

Signs of food intoxication begin to appear within a few hours, which makes it possible to eliminate it and reduce the risk of toxins entering the bloodstream. Symptoms of indigestion may occur due to eating poor-quality foods, poor hygiene, or infection of the body with an intestinal infection. At the first symptoms of food toxicosis, measures should be taken quickly to eliminate the disease in the body.

Causes of food poisoning

Food poisoning is a disorder of the gastrointestinal tract caused by the ingestion of pathogenic bacteria. Food intoxication conditionally has two types of origin:

• food toxicity;
• toxic impact.

Infectious infection is a consequence of toxicoinfection. Non-infectious or toxic weakening of the stomach occurs when toxins are consumed with food. A common cause of poisoning at home is the consumption of expired foods or foods containing biochemical additives. Improper storage or violation of the integrity of the packaging provokes the development of bacteria. When buying products of non-plant origin, there is a risk of getting poisoned due to violations of production technologies. You can also get poisoned by home products if you violate the storage conditions. Most often, food comes after eating:

• Vegetables and fruits.
• Meat products.
• Fish.
• Dairy products.
• Mushrooms.
• conservation.

When using these products, you should especially carefully observe safety measures and personal hygiene.

Food poisoning symptoms and its pathogenesis

Food poisoning in various forms manifests its main signs already after the first hour after eating low-quality products. The incubation period can be from half an hour to a day.

One of the telltale signs of food poisoning is nausea.

The characteristic features are:

• Vomiting.
• Chills.
• Elevated temperature.
• Diarrhea.
• Spasms.
• Dizziness.
• Weakness in the body.

The duration of symptoms depends on the level of intoxication and the timeliness of treatment. General signs and symptoms may persist for about a week, but improvements in the condition are observed after gastric lavage.

What to do in case of food poisoning?

First aid for intoxication is an important aspect of treatment. The sooner the body gets rid of toxins, the faster the intoxication will pass.

1. Do gastric lavage.
   The natural urge to vomit indicates the desire of the body to get rid of low-quality products. With the first urge, the optimal amount of vomit will come out of the stomach. With subsequent spasms, the stomach must be purged. With a solution of boiled water, salt and potassium permanganate, it is necessary to rinse the stomach until clean water comes out. If the urge to vomit is over, no more washing is necessary.
2. Replacing fluid levels in the body.
   The protective reaction of the body to severe poisoning in the form of vomiting and diarrhea requires replenishment of the water balance. Poisoning requires compensation of 250 ml of water for each loss in its pure form.
3. Colon cleansing naturally.
   Poisoning in the form of diarrhea and vomiting is considered a normal reaction of the body to the toxin. Trying to stop the natural cleansing is not recommended. The retention of the toxin in the intestines will contribute to its absorption into the blood and the continuation of intoxication of the body. Taking absorbent products will make it difficult to release toxins and cause inflammation.
4. 
   Abstinence from food will help to get rid of symptoms and eliminate poisoning in any form. On the first day, eating is prohibited, since the gastrointestinal tract does not function fully, and additional loads will aggravate the course of poisoning in the form of complications. On the second day, the use of vegetable soups is allowed.

The action of Enterosgel in alcohol poisoning

In the case when poisoning in the form of diarrhea and vomiting persists for more than 10 days, immediate hospitalization and medical attention are necessary.

Rules for the treatment of food poisoning

1. Gastric lavage.
   To help get rid of symptoms, even severe poisoning at home, washing with a 5% solution of soda with a 2% magnesium content will help. Flushing should be done until clean water comes out. To achieve maximum effectiveness, continue to induce vomiting while drinking a copious amount of the solution.
2. The use of sorbents.
   You should start treating poisoning at home with the use of activated charcoal or any other sorbent. Conventionally, there are 2 types of sorbents:
   • black (coal preparations);
   • white (powder mixes).

   Modern medicine offers a wide range of products that allow you to quickly get rid of signs of intoxication and poisoning at home. It should be remembered that it is necessary to take medications exactly according to the instructions, and activated charcoal at a dosage of 1 tablet per 10 kg. Effective drugs that can help relieve symptoms are:

   • Activated carbon.
   • "Sorbex".
   • Enterosgel.
   • "Smekta".
   • "Sorbogel".

   Absorbent agents relieve intestinal inflammation, remove toxins and infection, and reduce the intensity of diarrhea. It is necessary to take medicines only after cleansing the stomach.

3. Restoration of water balance.
   Poisoning in the form of vomiting and diarrhea contributes to dehydration. To replenish the water balance will help to drink plenty of water. Depending on the intensity of vomiting, it is necessary to take a saline solution. It should be done based on the proportions of 1: 4 and taken orally at least 1 liter. Relieve the symptoms and alleviate the effects of poisoning at home will help the drug "Regidron" or "Oralit". The composition of the powders includes mineral salts, glucose and active ingredients that prevent water loss.
4. Restoration of intestinal microflora.
   Food poisoning in the form of diarrhea disrupts the functionality of the microflora. Before taking medications, you should consult your doctor, because if you use medications incorrectly, you can get complications. Effective preparations for restoring microflora after poisoning at home are Lineks, Immodium and Mezim.
5. Restoration of the intestinal form.
   It will help to restore the microflora and cure the body after poisoning at home by taking antibacterial agents. They are necessary if the poisoning is accompanied by a temperature. Otherwise, it is necessary to treat the infection with Linex, Bifiform or Yogurt. This is optional and permissible in a particular case of intoxication. To reduce the absorption of toxins, it is recommended to use a laxative. Poisoning in most cases adversely affects the liver, and enzyme preparations Pancreatin, Mezim, Creon, etc. can help restore full functionality.

During the rehabilitation period, the patient must follow a diet and bed rest. If there is no improvement from home treatment, and the symptoms of intoxication do not go away, you should quickly consult a doctor.

Preventive measures against food intoxication

The main rule for avoiding poisoning is food control. If the food has an unpleasant odor or is prone to rotting, it is dangerous to eat it. In the case when the product has expired or when homemade food is in the refrigerator for more than 5 days, the risk of intoxication increases. The following rules will help protect yourself from low-quality products:

• Check product expiration dates.
• Control the integrity of the package.
• Maintain hygiene.
• Thoroughly wash vegetables and fruits, as well as dishes.
• Observe the rules for storing frozen products and ready meals.
• Limit contact of insects with food.

Delayed treatment of food intoxication can lead to serious consequences. By observing personal hygiene and controlling the quality of products, you can protect yourself from food poisoning. Rapid treatment will relieve symptoms and restore the full functionality of the gastrointestinal tract.

Everyone knows about terrible poisons and try to be as far away from them as possible. It would never occur to anyone to put a jar of arsenic in the refrigerator or a nightstand in the kitchen. But all sorts of solvents, cleaners, fresheners and other means can be found a lot. But they are dangerous no less than potassium cyanide.

1. Antifreeze is dangerous because it does not have an unpleasant odor and tastes quite edible, but if you drink this remedy, you need to urgently call an ambulance. Drinking this fluid can lead to kidney failure and death.
2. If the windows are constantly freezing, then you will have to purchase anti-icing fluid, but you need to remember that it contains methanol, a very toxic substance, alcohol, which can cause blindness and death.

3. Insecticides help control pests, but you can get poisoned by these products by spraying them in unventilated areas. The use of these remedies will lead to convulsions and coma.
4. Some solvents for removing artificial nails can cause serious consequences. With their use, you can get methemoglobinemia and oxygen starvation.

5. Be careful with pipe cleaners, as the fumes of these products can kill if inhaled, burn internal organs.
6. Pain-relieving creams affect the area, but if you do not follow the instructions, you can damage your eyes.

7. Anionic detergent, known as carpet cleaner, is very caustic and can cause damage to organs, you can be blinded if it gets into your eyes.
8. If you exceed the dose of iron tablets, you can get iron poisoning. If you do not get help within 24 hours, then the brain and liver will suffer. You can even die.

9. Toilet cleaners remove dirt and odors. When used, this remedy can damage internal organs and fall into a coma.
10. Pain pills, including paracetamol, aspirin, and ibuprofen, can cause death if overdosed. Internal organs simply refuse.

11. Furniture polish can cause a coma if you drink this product or inhale it well. If the polish gets into your eyes, you can go blind, and if it gets on delicate skin, it can cause burns and irritation.
12. Perfume and cologne contain alcohol, ethanol and isopropanol. Both of these substances can cause nausea, anxiety, and seizures.

13. Don't drink mouthwash. It can cause diarrhea, dizziness and coma.
14. Gasoline is dangerous because of its fumes, inhaling which you can get dizziness, lowering blood pressure, pain in the eyes, ears, nose and throat.

15. After drinking kerosene, a liquid that is used for ignition, in kerosene lamps and kerosene gases, you can get bloody stools, convulsions and burning sensations in the internal organs.
16. Moths are annoying, but you can’t eat anti-mole pills. You can get oxygen starvation and to whom.

17. Oil paints can damage the skin, if they enter the stomach and lungs, they can cause serious problems with the nervous system and cause death.
18. Codeine is sold by prescription, but when overdosed, it causes fatigue, drowsiness, intestinal cramps, and death.

19. Taking a large dose of alcoholic beverages, we do not just get drunk, but we get serious poisoning and even death if medical assistance is not provided on time.
20. If it turned out that someone swallowed paint thinner, then there is a risk of necrosis of the tissues of internal organs, and if inhaled, memory loss and fever.

21. Poison for rodents can cause blood in the urine and feces, a metallic taste in the mouth, and as brain hemorrhage occurs, pallor of the skin and death.
22. Some skin-lightening creams contain mercury in such quantities that mercury poisoning can occur. The gums may bleed, there will be bloody stools, vomiting and death.

23. Most deodorants or antiperspirants contain aluminum salts and ethanol. If you taste them or inhale a large enough amount, you can get diarrhea, vomiting, coma and death.
24. Turpentine is a substance that is obtained from pine. If you taste it or inhale deeply, you can get bloody stools and die.

25. Everyone knows that thermometers contain mercury. You should not taste it, as it is a highly toxic metal.
26. Repellents contain insect poison, which protects us from insect bites. If you use the repellent inside, you can earn vomiting, coughing and convulsions.

27. Baby creams for redness can be very dangerous in the hands of children. Never leave them within the reach of an infant. You risk even if you step aside for a minute.
28. You may have acne, which means you use special creams. Never taste these products and do not spread them intensively on the skin - you will minimally get contact dermatitis.

29. Calamine lotion is used for skin conditions, but it contains zinc oxide, which can cause chills, nausea, and fever.
30. Teflon coats pans and pots to keep food from sticking, but when heated, it can lead to cancer and other health problems. Do not leave cooked food on the Teflon surface for a long time.

31. The plastic used to make plastic bottles contains BPA, which can cause cancer and hormonal problems in teenagers, speeding up the transition to puberty.
32. If herbicides are detrimental to one organic matter, then they can harm another. When taken internally, you can fall into a coma.

33. All refractory materials contain polybrominated diphenyl ethers, which can cause many health problems. In Europe, the use of these substances is prohibited.
34. Sleeping pills can kill.

35. If you have items in your home covered with Scotchguard, which was produced before the year 2000, then you can suffer from malformations and other health problems.
36. The powder that is in the printer is also an unsafe material. If you print a lot on a laser printer, do it in a well-ventilated area.

37. Coal tar is a carcinogen, which means it causes cancer.
38. Formaldehyde is used in the woodworking industry, if you inhale the fumes of this substance, you can feel irritation in the nose and eyes, and pets can get nose cancer.

39. Lead paint is rarely used today, but that doesn't mean lead poisoning is uncommon, since you have old newspapers and books in your attic, or even the paint itself.
40. Motor oil can damage organs, especially the lungs. In addition, motor oil poisoning can cause brain damage and respiratory problems.

Food poisoning- a non-contagious disease resulting from the consumption of food containing harmful microorganisms or substances toxic to the human body.

Food poisoning is a collective concept, as it can be caused by a number of different reasons, but the mechanism of the development of the disease, as well as its manifestation, are similar. All types of food poisoning are characterized by: general intoxication, inflammation of the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as the frequent development of dehydration.

Types and classification of food poisoning

There are 2 main groups of food poisoning:

1. Food poisoning of microbial origin

• Toxic infections (Proteus mirabilis, P. vulgaris, E. coli, Bac. cereus, Str. faecalis, etc.)
• Toxicosis
  • Bacterial (toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus, Cl. botulinum.)
  • Fungal (toxins produced by Aspergilus, Fusarium, etc.)
• mixed

1. Non-microbial food poisoning

• Poisoning caused by poisonous plants and animal tissues:
  • Plants poisonous in nature (henbane, belladonna, fly agaric, etc.)
  • Animal tissues that are poisonous in nature (organs of fish - barbel, pufferfish, Marinka, etc.)
  • Plant products that are poisonous under certain conditions (green potatoes containing corned beef, raw beans, etc.)
  • Animal products that are poisonous under certain conditions (caviar, milk, liver of some fish during spawning mackerel, burbot, pike, etc.)
  • Poisoning by chemical impurities (pesticides, nitrates, compounds that got into the product from packaging materials, etc.)

1. Food poisoning of unknown cause.

Toxic infection - an acute disease that occurs after the consumption of food containing a large number of living microorganisms. The causative agents of toxicoinfections actively multiply on food, when they enter the human body, the harmful effect is determined both by the microbe itself and by the toxins that are released after its death.

The main causative agents of food poisoning: Proteus mirabilis, P. vulgaris, E. coli, Bac. cereus, Str. Faecalis, as well as poorly studied Hafnia, Pseudomonas, Klebsiela, etc.

Toxicosis- an acute or chronic (in the case of fungal toxicosis) disease, in which the development of the disease occurs due to the action of a toxin that has accumulated on food products. The pathogen itself enters the body in small quantities. For example, when cheese is aged for a long time, only staphylococcal toxin can be preserved without a living microorganism.

General Mechanisms for the Development of Food Poisoning

The causative agents of food poisoning can produce toxins, both in food and in the human body. Also, when the pathogen is destroyed in the gastrointestinal tract, an additional portion of various toxic substances is released. When toxins enter the human body, the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines is primarily affected, which is manifested by an inflammatory reaction and a violation of the motor activity of the intestine. This is accompanied by the occurrence of pain in the abdomen, the appearance of diarrhea and vomiting. After toxins begin to enter the bloodstream, general intoxication of the body develops, which is accompanied by a number of characteristic symptoms (headache, fever, increased heart rate, etc.).

Symptoms and signs of food poisoning

The first symptoms of poisoning

How long does it take for poisoning to show up?

Regardless of the factor that caused the poisoning, the manifestations of the disease are similar and can be divided into 3 main groups of symptoms:

1. Symptoms of inflammation of the lining of the stomach and intestines (symptoms of gastroenterocolitis)
2. Symptoms of intoxication
3. Symptoms of dehydration

Symptoms of gastroenterocolitis

Symptoms result from the damaging action of microbes and their toxins on the lining of the stomach and intestines.

• Stomach ache
• Discomfort in the abdomen
• Nausea
• Vomit

Symptoms of intoxication

Intoxication occurs as a result of the entry of toxins into the blood, which leads to various disorders in many organs and systems. Intoxication reflects the body's response to infection. The severity of the condition of patients is largely due to the degree of intoxication.

The main symptoms of intoxication:

• General weakness
• Chills
• Headache
• Increase in body temperature
• Pain in muscles and joints
• lethargy
• Nausea
• Vomit

How to determine the degree of intoxication?

Symptoms	Degree of intoxication
	Light	Medium	heavy
Weakness	Minor	Moderate	Pronounced
Chills	insignificant	Expressed	strongly pronounced
Body temperature	Fine	Increased, up to 38 °C	Over 38°C or below 36°C
Pain in muscles and joints	No	Present in some cases	present in a large proportion of cases
Rapid breathing	No	Expressed moderately	Significantly pronounced
Heart palpitations	No	Expressed moderately	Significantly pronounced
Lowering blood pressure	No	Mild to moderate	Pronounced
Headache	No	Moderately pronounced	Significantly expressed
dizziness	No	Occasionally	Frequent
lethargy	No	Weakly expressed	Distinctly expressed
convulsions	No	Sometimes	Characteristic, can be intense
Vomit	Up to 5 times a day	From 5-15 times	More than 15 times
Chair	Up to 10 times a day	From 10-20 times	Over 20 times

Symptoms of dehydration

Symptoms of dehydration are caused by loss of fluid through vomiting and diarrhea.
The main symptoms of dehydration:

• General weakness
• Thirst
• Dryness of mucous membranes
• Increased heart rate
• Headache
• Nausea
• Vomit
• Diarrhea
• Decreased urination

How to determine the degree of dehydration?

Symptoms	Dehydration degree
	I	II	III	IV
Fluid loss relative to body weight	Until 3%	4-6%	7-9%	10% or more
Vomit	Up to 5 times a day	6-10 times	11-20 times	Multiple. over 20 times
loose stool	Up to 10 times	11-20 times	over 20	Without an account, for yourself
Thirst, dry mouth	Moderately pronounced	Significantly expressed	Significantly expressed	pronounced
Skin elasticity	Not changed	reduced	Dramatically reduced	Vivid expression
Voice change	Not	Weakened	Hoarseness of voice	Absence
convulsions	Not	In the calf muscles, short-term	Prolonged and painful	Common seizures
Pulse	Not changed	Up to 100 beats in min.	100-120 beats in min.	Very weak or not detectable
Blood pressure	Not changed	Up to 100 mm Hg	Up to 80 mm Hg	Less than 80 mmHg

Factors that indicate food poisoning:

• The onset of the disease is acute, sudden (from 30 minutes to 7 days, more often 2-6 hours)
• The disease develops simultaneously in a group of individuals
• As a rule, a short course of the disease (3-5 days)
• A clear connection of the disease with the use of a certain dish or product
• Food poisoning is not transmitted from a sick person to a healthy person, and this is their main difference from infectious diseases.

The main types of food poisoning depending on the product and the causative agent of the disease and some of their features

First of all, it is necessary to single out such diseases as shigellosis and salmonellosis, which are inherently infectious diseases. However, they are often considered as food poisoning. These diseases are somewhat more severe than banal food poisoning and require close attention, especially in treatment.

Dairy food poisoning

Poisoning with milk, kefir, butter, cheese, cottage cheese ...

Possible causative agents of the disease: Shigella Sonne, name of the disease shigellosis("city disease", dysentery), staphylococcus aureus, etc.

shigella- a bacterium, in the form of a rod with a rounded end. On products in the soil live up to 5-14 days. They die in the rays of direct sunlight within 30 minutes, when boiled instantly.

Cause:

1. There are carriers of the Shigella Zone infection who hide their disease and do not want to seek medical help; if they do not comply with sanitary rules, food becomes contaminated. Contamination of sick food products occurs at various stages of the collection, transportation and sale of these products.
2. Insufficient disinfection or contamination of milk and dairy products directly at dairies and factories.
3. Dairy products are an excellent breeding ground for bacteria.
4. As a risk factor, sour cream, milk, cottage cheese, kefir, cream, and cheese are in the first place.

Symptoms

Symptoms of general intoxication:

• Onset is acute (1-7 days)
• General malaise
• moderate headache
• Usually the temperature is normal, the increase to 38 ° C and above is rare
• A sharp decrease in appetite

Symptoms of colitis (inflammation of the large intestine):

• Cramping pains, often on the left in the lower abdomen
• False urge to defecate(tenesmus)
• Frequent, scanty stools rectal spit) with a lot of cloudy mucus and streaks of blood, often more than 10 times a day

Laboratory diagnostics:

• Shigella excreted from feces

Meat, chicken, egg poisoning, protein poisoning

A frequent causative agent of salmonella disease, causing the so-called salmonellosis.

Salmonella- rod-shaped bacterium with rounded edges, mobile - has flagella over the entire surface.

Salmonella can survive in meat for up to 6 months, in frozen meat for more than six months, in eggs for up to 1 year or more, and on eggshells for up to 24 days. In the refrigerator, being in meat, salmonella not only survive, but are also able to multiply (at low positive temperatures). Salmonella at 70 ° C dies within 5-10 minutes, but in the thickness of a piece of meat it can withstand boiling for several hours.

Symptoms of poisoning:

Type of patient:

• Paleness, possible cyanosis of the extremities

Symptom of general intoxication:

• Onset is acute or hyperacute (from 2 hours to 72 hours)
• General malaise
• Headache
• temperature rise to 38°C and above
• A sharp decrease in appetite
• In severe cases, loss of consciousness, convulsions

Symptoms of enterocolitis (inflammation of the intestine):

• Cramping pains, mainly above and around the navel
• The stool is plentiful, watery, up to 10 times a day, greenish or dark brown in color, fetid odor, sometimes looks like "swamp mud".
• There is no blood in the feces.

Laboratory diagnostics

• Salmonella is isolated from vomit, feces. With a common form from the blood and urine.

Confectionery poisoning

The main poisoning is not caused by the microorganism itself, but by the toxin that it produces.

Most often, staphylococcus enters food products from people suffering from various purulent diseases (furunculosis, festering wounds, tonsillitis, sinusitis). Staphylococcus multiplies well in dairy products, especially in confectionery creams, etc. In the process of life, staphylococci secrete a special type of toxin - enterotoxin, which causes poisoning. Enterotoxin does not change the taste or smell of food. The toxin is resistant to heat, able to withstand heating up to 100 C for 1-2 hours.

Symptoms and features of staphylococcal toxin poisoning:

• Rapid onset of illness (30-60 minutes after eating contaminated food)
• Nausea, the most common symptom
• indomitable vomiting
• Severe cutting pain in the abdomen, above the navel
• Body temperature is normal or low, rarely rises to 38-39 C, lasts several hours.
• lethargy
• Dizziness
• Diarrhea in 50% of cases, no more than 2-5 bowel movements per day, duration 1-3 days
• No blood or mucus in the stool
• Greater likelihood of development, seizures and loss of consciousness

fish poisoning

If after visiting the sushi bar you feel a general malaise, nausea, stomach pain and you have diarrhea, it looks like you have been poisoned. The most common causative agents of poisoning in sushi bars are 1) bacteria from the group of Escherichia coli (E.Coli, Citrobacter, Enterobacter), 2) Staphylococcus aureus 3) Proteus, etc. Usually, such bacteria get into food if basic hygiene rules are not followed and improper storage. In this case, the classic development of food poisoning occurs. Symptoms: general weakness, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.

However, there are fish poisonings that become poisonous on their own under certain conditions. For example, during the spawning of milk, the liver and caviar of such fish as pike, perch, burbot, barbel, beluga become poisonous, causing severe poisoning.

There are also poisonings that occur as an allergic reaction. After eating fish, symptoms such as redness of the skin, itching, swelling of the face, burning in the mouth, headache, nausea, and diarrhea may occur. This manifestation of poisoning is explained by the high content in fish of substances that cause allergy symptoms, such as histamine, etc. After the end of the action of histamine, all symptoms disappear without a trace, after about 7-8 hours. But for your own safety, it is better to take anti-allergic drugs (suprastin, cetirizine, etc.), and consult a doctor, because the development of a true allergic reaction to fish components cannot be ruled out.

Be careful when choosing fish:

• It is strictly forbidden to eat fish with scales flying around, a swollen stomach, cloudy eyes.

Be careful when cooking fish:

• Fish stored at 1 °C
• Do not defrost fish unless you have decided what you are going to cook. Once thawed, the fish quickly begins to deteriorate and release dangerous toxins.

Fish poisoning is a serious disease and in most cases requires qualified medical attention.

mushroom poisoning

Among poisonings with plant poisons, mushroom poisoning occupies a leading place.
There are more than 70 species of poisonous mushrooms in Russia, of which 20 have highly poisonous properties. During the year, in every 5th Russian family there are cases of mushroom poisoning. The number of victims increases during the so-called "mushroom season" from May to November. At this time, severe, sometimes massive poisoning of people occurs, many of which end in death. No one is safe from poisoning, sometimes even the most experienced mushroom pickers face this problem.

Canned food poisoning botulism

Botulism- a serious, potentially fatal infectious disease caused by the ingestion of botulinum toxin. It is characterized by damage to the nervous system with impaired vision, swallowing, speech and progressive respiratory depression.

Read more about canned food poisoning in the article: Botulism

Emergency care for poisoning

Do I need to call an ambulance?
Not really	Why and in what cases?
Yes need!	Severe symptoms of poisoning: frequent watery stools, in which a large amount of blood appears throughout the day. Life-threatening condition. The patient is at high risk for: Elderly people Infants and young children Patients with chronic diseases (diabetes mellitus, liver cirrhosis, etc.) pregnant If botulism is suspected In cases of suspected shigellosis or salmonellosis.

Treatment of poisoning at home

The main task in the treatment of food poisoning is the removal of toxins from the body and the restoration of water-mineral balance.

What to do?	How?	What for?
Do gastric lavage	See gastric lavage	Rapid removal of contaminated food residues, microorganisms and their toxins from the body. Gastric lavage is most effective if performed for the first time hours after poisoning.
Cleanse the intestines in the absence of diarrhea.	Take a laxative or do an enema. Salt laxatives: Gauber salt - in a glass of water 1 tbsp. salt. Carlsbad salt - for half a glass of water 1 tbsp. the spoon Cleansing enema - high siphon enema (10 liters of water). A siphon enema is done on the same principle as gastric lavage with a thick probe. Only the probe is inserted into the large intestine 40 cm.	Diarrhea is a natural process of cleansing the body of harmful substances, so you should give the body some time to remove all unnecessary on its own. And you should not interfere with him, namely, immediately take antidiarrheal drugs.
Replenish fluid and minerals lost with vomiting and diarrhea.	Replenishment of fluid is made depending on the degree of dehydration 2 ways to replenish fluid: 1. Through the mouth (Per os) for patients with mild and moderate poisoning. Special solutions are used: Regidron Citraglucosol Glucosolan Regidron application: Dissolve 1 package in 1 liter of boiled water (temperature 37-40 C). Drink should be in small sips, 1 glass (200 ml) for 10 minutes. For best efficiency, 1-1.5 liters should be drunk in 1 hour. The first stage of fluid replenishment lasts 1.5-3 hours, in 80% of cases it is enough to normalize the condition. However, with ongoing losses, the correction is carried out for another 2-3 days (stage II). At the first stage of treatment, the calculation of the required fluid is made based on the degree of dehydration and the weight of the patient: I degree 30-40 ml/kg II-III degree 40-70 ml/kg At the second stage of treatment, the required volume of fluid is determined based on the volume of fluid lost with vomiting and diarrhea in the next day. 2.Intravenous infusion: trisol quartasol chlosol The speed and volume of infusions depends on the degree of dehydration and the patient's body weight: Severe degree - 60-120 ml / kg, 70-90 ml / min Moderate degree - 55-75 ml / kg, 60-80 ml / min	Timely replenishment of lost fluids and minerals quickly normalizes the general condition, accelerates the elimination of toxins from the body, and prevents severe metabolic disorders. Contraindications for the use of oral solutions: infectious-toxic shock indomitable vomiting fluid loss more than 1.5 l/h diabetes malabsorption of glucose dehydration II-III degree with unstable blood circulation In case of contraindication to oral therapy, intravenous replacement therapy is performed.
In most cases, the above actions are enough to improve the general condition and the onset of a speedy recovery. However, with concomitant chronic diseases (chronic pancreatitis, cholecystitis, etc.), treatment must be supplemented with some more drugs.
Take an enterosorbent - a drug that binds toxins.	Filtrum: 2-3 tab. 3-4 times a day, 3-5 days course. White coal: 3-4 times a day, 3-4 tab. Enterosgel: One and a half tablespoons 3 times a day Polysorb: 1 tables. place a spoon with a top in 100 ml of water. 3-4 times a day, 3-5 days.	The drugs bind microbes and their toxins. Reduce the symptoms of intoxication, improve the general condition, speed up recovery.
Reduce pain	Duspitalin 1 caps. 2 times a day No-shpa 1 tab. 3 times a day	The drugs relieve spasms that occur during poisoning, thereby eliminating pain.
Protect the lining of the stomach and intestines	Take astringents and enveloping agents: Kassirsky powder: 1 powder 3 times a day; bismuth subsalicylate - 2 tab. four times a day.	Protects the mucous membrane from irritation and damage, helps to reduce pain.
Take an antiseptic (for severe diarrhea)	Intetrix: 1-2 cap. 3-4 p. per day for 3-5 days Intestopan: 1-2 tons 4-6 times a day, duration 5-10 days	It has a detrimental effect on the causative agent of the disease. It has antimicrobial, antifungal and antiprotozoal activity.
Take Enzymes	Mezim Festal Panzinorm 1 tablet 3 times a day with meals. For 7-14 days after poisoning.	As an adjuvant therapy, given the possible violations of the secretion of the digestive glands and the lack of secretion of digestive enzymes.
Restore intestinal microflora	Normase, 75 ml per day, for 2-3 weeks Biococktail "NK" During acute diarrhea, 2-3 tablespoons, 3-4 times a day, 1-2 days. After that, 1-2 tbsp. 3 times a day for 1-3 months. You can use other eubiotics: bactisubtil (1 caps. 3-6 r. per day, before meals) linex (2 caps. 3 times a day), bifidumbacterin forte The duration of treatment is 2 weeks.	Normaze - lactulose, which is part of the drug, promotes the growth of healthy microflora, thereby preventing the development of putrefactive. Biococktail is an ecological clean food product, normalizes the intestinal microflora, binds, neutralizes and removes toxins from the body.
Specific treatment for food poisoning caused by shigella: Antibacterial drugs: The drug of choice is furazolidone. Application: 4 times a day, 0.1 g for 5-7 days With moderate severity of the disease - Biseptol, Application: 2 p. 2 tablets per day, for 5-7 days. In severe cases, ampicillin Application: 4 times a day, 0.5 g, for 5-7 days.
Some features of the treatment of poisoning caused by salmonella: Antimicrobial drugs for the gastrointestinal form of the disease are not indicated. In the presence of carriage of Salmonella, a Salmonella bacteriophage is indicated, 2 tab. 3 times a day, 30 min. before meals, 5-7 days. Patients with salmonellosis are admitted to the team only after full recovery.

Poisoning, treatment with folk remedies

• Bath or sauna help to actively remove toxins from the body.
• Decoction of dill with honey. For 200 ml of water 1 tsp. dry grass or 1 tbsp. fresh greens. Boil for 20 minutes on low heat, cool, add boiled water to the initial volume, then add 1 tbsp. l. honey. It is recommended to drink the decoction within 30 minutes. before meals 100 ml . Dill has an analgesic effect, relieves spasms, accelerates the elimination of toxins, due to an increase in urination. Normalizes the work of the digestive tract. Honey relieves inflammation, has bactericidal properties, binds toxins, contains a healing composition of vitamins and minerals.
• Althea infusion. 1 tbsp chopped marshmallow root, pour 200 ml of boiling water, close the lid and leave for 30 minutes. Strain, drink 1 tbsp. before meals 4-5 times a day.

Altey relieves inflammation, envelops and protects the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines from damage, reduces pain and discomfort in the intestines.

• Ginger tea. Pour 1 tsp. ground ginger 200 ml boiling water, leave for 20 minutes. Drink 1 tablespoon every 30-60 minutes. Ginger actively binds toxins and promotes their removal. It has antibacterial properties, eliminates spasms, strengthens the immune mechanisms of the body.
• Water with lemon juice, rosehip tea, rowan. Drinks contain a large amount of vitamin C, which is involved in the processes of neutralization and elimination of toxins. In addition, other vitamins and minerals found in drinks well replenish the micro and macro elements lost with vomiting and diarrhea.
• During the day, instead of eating, it is recommended to use decoctions of rice and flaxseed. Prepare rice water: for 1 part of rice, 7 parts of water, boil for 10 minutes, take 1/3 cup 6 times a day.

Decoctions have an enveloping effect, protecting the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines, reduce inflammation, and prevent the absorption of toxins. Flax seeds are as good at binding toxins as activated charcoal. Decoctions normalize the work of the gastrointestinal tract and liver.

Diet for poisoning, what can you eat?

Patients are prescribed a sparing diet. Food that can have a mechanical or chemical effect on the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines (smoked meats, canned food, spicy and spicy dishes, milk, raw vegetables and fruits) is excluded from the diet. For the first days of illness, diet No. 4 is recommended, then as the diarrhea stops, diet No. 2 is prescribed, after which they switch to diet No. 13.

Diet number 4
Diet with restriction of fats and carbohydrates and a normal content of proteins. Products that have a mechanical and chemical effect on the gastrointestinal mucosa (milk, sweets, legumes), products that enhance the processes of fermentation and putrefaction in the intestines, as well as products that stimulate gastric secretion and bile secretion (sauces, spices, snacks) are excluded.

• Free liquid 1.5-2 liters
• Energy value - 2100 kcal
• Diet 5-6 times a day
• Dishes are boiled or steamed.
• Recommended: soups, non-concentrated broths, boiled low-fat fish, cereals on the water (from rice, buckwheat, oatmeal), mashed potatoes, kissels, cottage cheese, dried white bread, cookies, tea, rosehip decoctions, blueberry kissels.
• Exclude: bakery and flour products, milk and dairy products, legumes, fruits and vegetables, sweets, fatty meats, fish, canned food, soups with cereals and vegetables.

Take enzyme preparations like mezim, panzinorm 1 tab. during meals, in order to help the still weak digestive system. Take 7-14.

Poison prevention

• Correctly determine the suitability of the product for consumption, discard "suspicious" products, especially if:
  • Product has expired or is about to expire
  • The seal of the package is broken
  • Smell, taste, color of the product changed
  • Uncharacteristic product consistency (heterogeneous, layered)
  • The appearance of bubbles during stirring, sediment on the bottom, transparency is broken, etc.
• Don't experiment with eating raw eggs
• It is better to refrain from snacking on the go from the stalls
• Putting food in the fridge while you're at it.
• Do not defrost food in the place where you will cook later.
• It is good to thermally process foods, especially meat, fish, eggs. Food cannot be marinated at room temperature.
• Protect products from contact with insects, rodents and other animals that may be carriers of harmful microorganisms.
• Wash hands thoroughly before eating food. Wash should be at least 20-30 seconds with soap, preferably under warm water.
• Keep kitchen utensils clean. Kitchen surfaces should be wiped down both before and after cooking.
• Be sure to wash vegetables and fruits well before eating.

You can get mild food poisoning if you eat expired or incompatible foods.

Expired Products

Using expired products is risky because it can give you a few days of "vacation in the bathroom". However, if the main thing for you is to avoid participating in another event, this method is quite suitable.

You can prepare in advance - buy a product that will last longer than the expiration date. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that the violation of the storage periods must be significant. If, for example, milk can be stored for 14 days, it does not mean at all that on the 15th it is no longer suitable. It is necessary that at least half of the term has passed beyond what the product is designed for.

For example, if purchased milk can be stored for 14 days, you can drink it on the 21st, etc.

Also, not for every product, using it after the expiration date leads to poisoning. For example, flour products only get stale, but do not bring any tangible harm. But dairy products can cause indigestion.

The easiest way is to use expired milk or kefir. The main thing is that they are not noticed by the family and not thrown into the trash.

You can even get poisoned by products that have not expired, but they were stored incorrectly. The same milk or kefir, if stored not in the refrigerator but on a battery, can turn sour the very next day. And then their use will cause severe frustration.

Precautionary measures. You should never eat foods on which mold has formed - this is fraught not only with poisoning, but also with more serious consequences.

Incompatible products

Some foods do not mix well, and their joint use also leads to poisoning. The easiest way is to eat lightly salted or pickled cucumbers, washed down with milk. The dose is selected individually.

The method provides a stable diarrhea with a good smell (frightening parents).

Usually, if you start eating foods during the day, by the evening a persistent indigestion is formed. If the performance is intended for family members, it is effective to continue it at night. you can just go to the toilet so that others can see it and spend a lot of time there. The absence of diarrhea and, as a result, the smell, can be hidden if you use an air freshener abundantly - a complete illusion is created that you really have real diarrhea.

The performance also needs to be continued in the morning - complaining of fatigue, and feigning weakness of the stomach.

You can store a bottle of sour milk in advance (see above) and drink it early in the morning - then you will have real diarrhea that you can show your parents.

The main thing is to convince your family that you cannot go anywhere in this state.

© 2016. How to get sick - information resource of the association for helping truants

Thoughtless use of these methods can harm your health.

www.kakzabolet.ru

Food poisoning: how to induce vomiting at home

Poisoning by certain poor-quality or expired products is a common occurrence. In this case, a person feels pain in the stomach, weakness, malaise. What exactly you were poisoned with - you will understand later, the most important thing in such a situation is to take quick measures. If it gets really bad, be sure to call an ambulance. In such a situation, knowing how to induce vomiting at home will also help. We will talk about this.

A toxic substance that enters our stomach can provoke quite serious disturbances in vital processes. To prevent toxins from entering the blood before the doctors arrive, you need to know how to induce vomiting at home. This will help flush out the stomach. Why vomit? Everything is simple!

The fact is that vomiting and nausea (as its harbinger) are the protective mechanisms of our body, aimed at getting rid of poison or other substances that are unpleasant to our stomach. This will facilitate the general condition of a person in the following cases:

during food poisoning;

with intestinal infections;

during acute gastrointestinal upset.

We bring to your attention the so-called restaurant method.

How to induce vomiting at home?

Let's use potassium permanganate. For those who are not in the know: this is potassium permanganate. It is a very powerful oxidizing agent with a pronounced antimicrobial activity. This is possible due to the astringent properties of low concentrations, which is important to consider, since a concentrated solution causes irritation and burns of the gastric mucosa. Otherwise, we will be faced with the question of how to get rid of vomiting. Then certainly without the help of doctors can not do!

We take a little potassium permanganate and dilute it in a five-liter jar with warm boiled water. Note that the solution should be pink with noticeable transparency. In no case do not overdo it! Sometimes not all crystals may dissolve. This is fraught with their contact with the inner walls of the stomach. Therefore, it is better to first mix the potassium permanganate in a smaller jar, and then pour the liquid into another jar or pan through cheesecloth. This will help you avoid undissolved sediment. Do not forget to add the right amount of water to the total mass (5 liters). Important! It is necessary to proceed from the age of the victim! For example, to wash the stomach of a 9-month-old baby, you need to use about 800 ml of solution, and for a child older than a year, you need to proceed from the following calculation: 1 liter per year of life. An adult needs from 5 to 10 liters of this remedy. Be aware that potassium permanganate does not have a very pleasant smell and even more taste. This will greatly speed up the self-cleansing of your stomach! All. The solution is ready. Now let's find out how to induce vomiting at home with potassium permanganate.

The victim needs to drink the prepared solution. The procedure should be carried out in several stages. If vomiting does not start, do the following: press a clean finger on the root of the tongue. This well provokes the stomach to respond. The effectiveness of this method can be judged if vomiting occurs after each time you give the victim the prepared solution.

how to cause food poisoning

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Questions and answers on: how to cause food poisoning

a month ago she was examined for food poisoning. blood test dated 04/07/14: creatinine 473, alkaline phosphatase 112, ast17, alt 11, glucose 5.26-qi, potassium 6.8.

total blood: soy 42, le 5.7, er 4.2, hemoglob 117. an. urine relative pl. 2-3, renal ep. in a large number, pl. epit.10-12. ultrasound of the liver, pancreas in N, angiomyolipomas of the right kidney. symptoms: nausea, bitterness, dry skin, discomfort in the right hypochondrium, in the region. kidneys, polyuria, nocturia, a / d 180/100. consulted a nephrologist. diagnosed with CKD stage 3. glomerulonephritis, CRF 3 tbsp. arterial hypertension. outpatient treatment was prescribed: fozikard, lactofiltrum or enterosgel, artichoke, ascorutin. They were treated for 2 weeks, the condition was unchanged, although the creatinine dropped to 327, then she caught a cold. She called the doctor to the house, she sent her to the hospital for general therapy. passed urine test leukocytes all field of view, protein 1.06, ep. renal in a large number, cylinders 10, creatinine 300, urea 20. prescribed: Lorakson 1.0 IV, mildrocard, corglicon, enterosgel, sorbex, lokren. 4 days later, potassium dropped to 5.9, and creatinine rose to 670, urea 31, the symptoms of uremia did not disappear, they sent me back to the nephrologist, she consulted, confirmed the diagnosis of CKD 3 tbsp. CRF 4 st, arterial hypertension, prescribed outpatient treatment with sorbents, hypotensive and choleretic. tell me please, do I need to insist on inpatient treatment and how far am I from hemodialysis? I will be very grateful for the answer.

News on the topic: how to cause food poisoning

A few years ago, a Sheffield resident traveled to Mexico as a tourist. After tasting local "delicacies", she suffered food poisoning, but the worst was yet to come. A severe allergy to almost any food led her to blindness and paralysis.

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www.health-ua.org

Food poisoning of the body. Types of food poisoning. Symptoms and first aid for food poisoning. Mushroom poisoning.

In recent years, the problem of poisoning has become particularly acute. According to the World Health Organization, in European countries with such a diagnosis, one person out of every thousand ends up in the hospital, the number of victims of poisoning is even greater than in road traffic accidents! It is particularly worrying that these accidents are primarily among young people.

What causes poisoning in the body?

Severe poisoning can occur with the erroneous use of drugs during self-medication and with their incorrect dosage. Also, poisoning can be caused by household chemicals, pesticides, other toxic substances, low-quality food, some plants and berries.

Crops that are grown in household plots and garden beds can also become toxic. For example, in green potatoes that have lain in the sun, a very dangerous substance, solanine, is concentrated. Poison is also found in sprouted grains. There are countless dramatic and tragic cases that occurred only because people tried unknown berries, mushrooms, or simply put a stem of an unfamiliar plant in their mouths.

Poisoning caused by inedible mushrooms is very difficult. The most poisonous of mushrooms are pale grebes. Toxic substances - fast-acting phalloidin and amantine, contained in pale grebes, fatally affect the kidneys and liver.

Going to the forest with a basket, do not forget that every edible mushroom has its poisonous counterpart. It is present even in chanterelles, which seem to be impossible to confuse with anything.

Pale grebes change their appearance during dry seasons, with frequent strong winds and other climate changes. Put one such "werewolf" in a basket and this will be enough to cause severe poisoning, and the toxicity of the toadstool does not decrease even after intense boiling.

Everyone who likes to pick mushrooms should adhere to the old and proven rule: if you are not 100% sure that a mushroom is safe to eat, then don’t even think about putting it in the basket. And even after returning home from the forest, before starting cooking, re-sort the mushrooms contained in the basket twice, or even three times.

Before frying the mushrooms, they should be boiled, then drained and it will not be superfluous to boil them again.

Symptoms of mushroom poisoning.

You need to know the symptoms of mushroom poisoning in order to help the victim in time.

The insidiousness of mushroom poisoning is that its first symptoms do not appear immediately, but only after a certain time - the “latent period”. This period in case of poisoning with a pale toadstool can last from 8 to 24 hours. Symptoms of mushroom poisoning appear suddenly:

nausea begins;

vomit;

stomach ache;

bowel disorders that are becoming more and more noticeable.

Time here is truly worth the weight of life. Therefore, if there is at least a minimal suspicion of mushroom poisoning, then urgently call a doctor to save a person’s life!

Before the arrival of an ambulance, the victim must clean (wash) the stomach, give a laxative (salt) or activated charcoal to drink. A person poisoned by mushrooms will have to fight for the life of a person, and at the same time success will directly depend on the rate of elimination of toxic substances from the body. In case of loss of consciousness and when signs of clinical death appear, immediately start resuscitation.

In the summer, the number of food poisonings, the causative agents of which are bacteria, also increases markedly. About a third of all infectious diseases now - acute gastric. More than 500 million people worldwide suffer from them every year.

Such poisoning is much easier to prevent than to treat.

Prevention of food poisoning.

It is no coincidence that acute gastric diseases are called “dirty hand disorders”. How many troubles, and even suffering, can be avoided if you thoroughly wash your hands with soap and water every day before each meal.

Properly storing food is also the prevention of food poisoning.

Prepared meat dishes, for example, broth, meat, jelly, vinaigrette, salad, delicacies with cream quickly deteriorate and become an excellent environment for various microorganisms. Therefore, such products should be stored at a temperature of +4. +6 0 C (lower or middle shelf of the refrigerator), but not longer than three days. At room temperature, these dishes are stored for 4-6 hours.

At a temperature of 0. +8 0 C can be stored:

boiled sausage and ham - 48 hours;

blood and liver sausage - 12 hours;

semi-finished products (cutlets, schnitzels, steaks) - 72 hours

It is safe to keep beef, pork and poultry in the freezer for no longer than 5 days, and fish for 3 days.

It is not recommended to keep ready meals or semi-finished products in plastic bags in the refrigerator, as ventilation is disturbed in them, and contact of products with chemicals is undesirable. It is better to use thick paper bags, glass jars or other resealable vessel.

Milk products spoil quickly. Therefore, kefir, curds and cheese can be kept in the refrigerator for no longer than 36 hours, and boiled milk and sour cream - for more than three days. Butter does not spoil at 0 0 C for about 10 days, cheeses - 15 days.

Eggs at a temperature of 0 0 C can be stored for about 40 days.

Often products are sold in polymer packaging. They can be kept in the refrigerator for up to 48 hours without opening.

Vegetables and fruits store in the refrigerator clean but unwashed. It is enough to put them in a separate bowl and close. To do this, you can use a cellophane or paper bag.

The people have long revered bread, because it contains the work of many people, so everyone needs to take care that the bread in his house does not disappear. Bread and other flour products are well stored in special bread bins or in closed enameled dishes. Wheat and rye bread should be kept separately. Plastic bags are used here only for a short time, as they will moisten the valuable product, after which an unpleasant smell will appear, and the bakery product will simply deteriorate or bloom.

How does food poisoning happen?

We should not forget that the low temperature in the refrigerator does not kill, but only stops the reproduction of microbes. Once in the human body, these pathogens multiply rapidly under favorable conditions and cause complex diseases. This primarily applies to meat products. For example, a gram of minced meat immediately after its preparation contains about two million microbes, and in a day their number increases 50 times!

Quite often, food poisoning occurs on camping trips. Neglect of elementary hygiene rules leads to trouble: drinking raw water from rivers, springs or wells long abandoned by the owners, consumption of perishable products on the route, such as, for example, sausage or sour cream. To avoid poisoning, it is enough to replace them with canned food, vegetables, boiled eggs, and also use special cooler bags that can be purchased at grocery supermarkets or markets. When going on a hike, do not forget to take soap, a towel and a small first aid kit, which should contain remedies for indigestion and poisoning, as well as bandages, napkins, cotton wool, a bactericidal plaster, a solution of iodine and brilliant green (brilliant green), ammonia, validol, analgin, etc. Special anti-mosquito sprays, ointments and other protective agents will protect you from mosquito bites.

Symptoms of food poisoning.

And, of course, you must be able to behave correctly in case of food poisoning. Symptoms of the disease from eating poor-quality food, as a rule, appear after 4-12 hours, or even earlier.

Food poisoning symptoms:

First aid for food poisoning.

When the first symptoms of poisoning appear, you should act quickly and smoothly:

Cleanse the victim's body of toxic substances. To do this, wash the stomach and give a saline laxative or activated charcoal. In case of loss of consciousness or clinical death, immediately proceed to resuscitation.

As I said at the beginning of the article, food poisoning is better to prevent than to cure, so wash your hands well before eating, store food in the right packaging and in the right conditions (temperature, humidity), and also do not eat anything that there is even the slightest doubt about.

Everyone is familiar with such a definition as food poisoning. But not everyone knows the causes and symptoms of its manifestation, as well as ways to deal with this disease.

Causes of food poisoning

The most common reason for the development of food poisoning in humans is low-quality products. But sometimes it is very difficult to determine what kind of food contributed to its occurrence.

In this case, poisoning, as a rule, is not caused by the food itself, but by microbes and bacteria that enter the human body with it. And to be even more precise, the toxins that they secrete in the course of their life. In addition, some foods may contain pesticides, which are also a common cause of food poisoning.

What foods are most likely to cause food poisoning?

Vegetables and fruits. These products tend to cause poisoning most often, especially in the summer. In any vegetables and fruits, chemicals can accumulate, with the help of which gardeners and gardeners process their plants. You can also get poisoned by products that have been stored incorrectly. So, at high temperatures, fruits and vegetables begin to deteriorate and turn into a source of pathogens that can provoke food poisoning.

Fish. Eating poor-quality or spoiled fish almost always leads to food poisoning. In this case, it is important to know not only the rules for its storage, but also the methods of its preparation, in particular, this applies to smoking fish. In the process of decomposition, toxic substances accumulate in the fish that can cause not only poisoning, but even cancer.

Meat. In general, meat can cause poisoning only if it is not properly prepared or stored. At room temperature, dangerous microorganisms begin to actively develop in meat, and most of them can be found in chicken meat.

Mushrooms. They can cause the most severe course of food poisoning. In this case, it is extremely important to seek qualified help as soon as possible, since such poisoning often leads to death. The reason for such poisoning is most often the use of poisonous mushrooms, because in appearance some of them are very difficult to distinguish from edible ones. Therefore, novice mushroom pickers can easily make mistakes when picking them. In addition, edible mushrooms that grew in an ecologically unfavorable place can also cause poisoning, as they absorb heavy metals and other poisons from their environment like a sponge. As a result, picking mushrooms along highways, railways, near factories and in other environmentally hazardous places is strictly prohibited.

Canned products. Even home-made canned food prepared according to all sanitary standards can become a cause of poisoning. This is due to the fact that in nature there are bacteria that can get along well in an airless space, including in a tin can. Therefore, if you notice that the lid of the jar from the inside is stained with rust or swollen, then throw out such canned food without hesitation!

Dairy and dairy products. If such products are kept at a positive temperature for a long time, then staphylococcus will certainly begin to actively multiply in them.

Products of industrial production. The danger of such food comes down to violations of the technology of its production and storage. Also, do not use products that have expired, in the manufacture of which low-quality raw materials were used, or whose packaging was damaged during transportation or storage.

How to properly store food? After all, it is a careless attitude to this issue that most often causes poisoning. The most important thing to do is to store already cooked foods in a cool place, that is, in the refrigerator. At room temperature, especially during the summer months, food becomes an ideal breeding ground for dangerous bacteria that cause food poisoning.

Often the cause of food poisoning is a banal violation of hygiene in the process of cooking. Therefore, you need to cook only with clean hands and in clean dishes.

Symptoms characteristic of food poisoning

As a rule, the first signs of the disease appear two hours after eating contaminated foods. Symptoms manifest themselves differently in everyone, depending on the type of pathogens and their number. Common symptoms of poisoning include: acute pain in the abdomen, vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, pale skin, thirst, fever, body aches.

Treatment for food poisoning

If you have found at least some of the symptoms listed above, then with a high probability this means that you have been subjected to food poisoning and you urgently need help.

First, it is necessary to determine the cause of the poisoning. To do this, you will have to remember all the products that you have consumed recently. It is also worth interviewing all family members for the development of signs of poisoning in them. If you find a product that caused poisoning, then it must be thrown away immediately. So you need to do with all the products that you think have caused your illness.

Secondly, you need to urgently call an ambulance. If your condition is rapidly deteriorating, then you can not self-medicate. Medical workers will immediately wash your stomach, and if there is no diarrhea, they will give you a laxative, as well as an anesthetic.

Thirdly, immediately take any of the drugs - adsorbents (smecta, polysorb, enterosgel, activated charcoal, white charcoal). Adults can take up to three sachets per day, children - one. Activated charcoal is taken at the rate of 1 tablet per 10 kilograms of body weight. Polysorb - 1 teaspoon "with a slide" per 20 kg of body weight for 1 dose, be sure to dilute in 50-100 ml of water. These drugs actively adsorb and remove toxins from the body.

Fourth, after curing food poisoning, a special diet is required. In addition, proper nutrition is included in the very treatment of this disease. The most important thing is to prevent dehydration of the body, so patients need to drink at least three liters of pure plain water per day. Patients are allowed to eat only steamed food, and after poisoning it is generally not recommended to eat for several hours. After the stomach finally “calms down”, you can drink a cup of black or green tea with crackers. It is also recommended to drink an infusion of wild rose. Also, in order to avoid deterioration and weakening of the body, it is worth having a snack with chicken broth with potatoes or oatmeal. To avoid a recurrence of the disease, the diet must be followed at least a day after poisoning.

Sadly, food poisoning is a fairly common occurrence in the modern world. Of course, it is impossible to completely avoid the risk of poisoning, but its probability can be significantly reduced. To do this, it is enough to use only high-quality, properly cooked products and strictly adhere to hygienic rules when preparing and eating food.

First aid for various types of poisoning

You can go to the description of first aid for each specific type of poisoning by clicking on the subheading you need in the content.

In case of poisoning with any poisons, it is very important to provide first aid in a timely manner. Each poisonous substance has its own mechanism of action, so first aid can vary significantly.

In any case, in case of poisoning, you need to call an ambulance!

If you are not sure what exactly caused the poisoning, proceed according to the following general scheme.

Break contact with the poison.

If the substance has entered the stomach, drink salted water and provoke vomiting, then take enterosorbents.

Call an ambulance. Even if hospitalization is not required, they will help you assess the condition of the victim and give the necessary recommendations.

Important! Monitor your breathing and pulse. With severe poisoning, cardiac arrest or cessation of breathing is possible. In this case, you need to start resuscitation.

In the event that the type of poisonous substance is known to you, then before the arrival of the doctor, be guided by the corresponding instructions below.

First aid for poisonous gas poisoning

The most common type is gas poisoning. In second place are poisonings in industrial accidents.

Provide fresh air: remove the victim from the room or open windows and doors.

Ensure free breathing for which unbutton clothes, loosen a tie, etc.

Let gargle with a weak solution of soda.

In severe cases, perform artificial respiration and closed heart massage.

Put to bed, wrap up, before the arrival of doctors, provide plenty of fluids to speed up the removal of poison from the body.

First aid for food poisoning

Induce vomiting. If it is present without intervention, then you still need to wash your stomach - drink about a liter of salted water and vomit. You can also use a slightly pink solution of potassium permanganate. Important! If the victim is unconscious, then do not induce vomiting or give him water to drink.

With severe diarrhea, take "Smecta" - 2 sachets and then after 4 hours according to the instructions.

If nausea and vomiting predominate, drink an enterosorbent: Polyphepan, Enterosgel or Polysorb. If only activated charcoal is at hand, then take it (at the rate of 1-2 tablets per 10 kg of weight), crush and drink 100 ml of water.

In addition to enterosorbents, take enveloping: a solution of egg white in water (1: 1), a decoction of flaxseed, starch jelly.

To replenish the fluid, 1–1.5 hours after taking the adsorbents, drink Regidron or its analogues, in their absence, lightly salted water.

First aid for poisoning with pesticides

In case of poisoning by means of the chemical industry (except for alkalis and acids), agricultural poisons - insecticides, herbicides and others, if they enter the stomach, the following should be done.

1. Induce vomiting, wash the stomach with a slightly pink solution of potassium permanganate (8-10 glasses).
2. Drink a saline laxative (Glauber's salt, magnesia). Attention! Oil preparations (castor oil, etc.) cannot be used as a laxative, since many pesticides of this group are well soluble in fats.
3. Call an ambulance and be sure to say the name of the poison and the active substance (indicated on the package).

First aid for acid and alkali poisoning

Poisoning with concentrated acids and alkalis is accompanied by burns of the mucous membrane and severe pain in the esophagus and stomach.

4. Rinse mouth and throat with water. Vomiting is not allowed!
5. Immediately call an ambulance, as gastric lavage through a tube is indicated.
6. In case of acid poisoning, the victim is given mucous decoctions, milk, egg white, vegetable oil. Important! In case of poisoning with carbolic acid and its compounds (lysol, phenol), milk and fats should not be given.
7. To weaken the action of the acid, they give lime water or burnt magnesia to drink. Do not take soda and other weak alkalis - this will cause a violent reaction in the stomach.
8. In case of alkali poisoning, drink any mucous liquid and a 2% solution of citric acid (in small portions every 5 minutes).
9. Laxatives should not be given, if necessary, artificial respiration should be done before the arrival of the doctor.
10. To reduce pain, put ice on the stomach area.

First aid for drug poisoning

11. Induce vomiting.
12. Take an enterosorbent: "Enterosgel", "Polysorb MP", "Smecta" or activated carbon.
13. Plentiful drink.

Most drugs have their own antidotes, so when contacting a doctor, it is advisable to tell the name of the drug and the dose that the victim took. Reception of enterosorbents in acute poisoning:

• "Enterosgel" - 2 tablespoons;
• "Polysorb MP" - 3 tablespoons;
• "Polifepan" - 2 tablespoons;
• "Smekta" - 2 sachets;
• activated charcoal - 1-2 tablets per 10 kg of body weight.

First aid for alcohol poisoning

• Provoke vomiting and rinse the stomach by drinking 5-6 glasses of warm boiled water or a weak solution of soda.
• Take any enterosorbent.
• Let ammonia be inhaled.
• Plentiful drink, it is desirable to acidify the water with lemon juice or ascorbic acid.
• Take a saline laxative (magnesium sulfate 4-6 teaspoons per 1 liter of water).
• In severe cases, perform artificial respiration and closed heart massage.
• To stimulate the functions of the heart and breathing, it is recommended to drink strongly brewed tea and coffee.

Important! In case of alcohol poisoning, paracetamol and preparations based on it (Citramon and others) should not be taken, it is better to drink aspirin.

First aid for poisons on the skin

1. Remove the poison from the skin with a swab.
2. Wash the area with plenty of cool water. Wash off oily poisons with soap or a weak soda solution.
3. If poison gets on clothes, take them off.
4. In case of contact with mouth, rinse with water.

First aid in case of contact with acids or alkalis on the skin

5. If the chemical comes into contact with clothing, take it off immediately.
6. Rinse the damaged area under running water for at least 10 minutes. The water must be warm.
7. In case of acid contact with the skin, wash the damaged area with a solution of weak alkali: 2% soda, lime water.
8. If alkali gets in, rinse with a 2% solution of a weak acid - boric, citric, ascorbic, vinegar.
9. In case of severe injuries, apply a sterile bandage and consult a doctor.
10. In case of contact with the mucous membranes of the eyes, rinse with water for 20–30 minutes, drip anti-inflammatory eye drops (sulfacyl sodium). If the poison is irritating, apply a bandage and contact an ophthalmologist.

First aid for respiratory depression and (or) cardiac activity

11. In case of poisoning, the pulse and respiration are controlled. Normally, the pulse is 60-70 beats, breathing - 20-25 breaths per minute. With pain syndrome, these indicators can increase by 1.5–2 times.
12. In the absence of a pulse, an indirect heart massage is performed: the victim is placed with his back on a hard surface, his palms are placed one on top of the other in the region of the heart and with straight arms rhythmically press on the chest (about 80 times per minute). Check for a pulse every minute.
13. In the absence of breathing, artificial ventilation of the lungs is carried out. Clear your mouth and nose of foreign objects (vomit, etc.). Slightly tilt the head of the victim, pinch the nose with one hand, hold the lower jaw with the other. Breathe in "from mouth to mouth" for 1 second, while the victim's chest should rise. When combined with cardiac resuscitation, take 2 breaths and 30 times press on the chest. If only artificial respiration is done, then adhere to the rhythm of 1 breath every 3-4 seconds.
14. When the activity of the heart is weakened or consciousness is lost, the victim is placed on one side, making sure that the tongue does not sink into the larynx.
15. Give drugs that stimulate the vasomotor and respiratory centers of the brain - analeptics (caffeine, camphor, bemegride, strychnine).

Restoring posture: the victim is placed on the right side, the head is turned to the side. The right arm is bent at the elbow and placed under the head. The left leg is bent at the knee.

First aid for carbon monoxide poisoning

Carbon monoxide (carbon dioxide) poisoning is more common during fires or when exhaust gases accumulate in an enclosed space.

16. Move the victim out of the gas zone, provide oxygen supply.
17. Ensure that clothing does not interfere with breathing.
18. Apply cold to the head and chest.
19. If there is a loss of consciousness, give a sniff of ammonia.
20. Monitor breathing, if it stops, perform artificial respiration.
21. If the victim is conscious, give plenty of fluids, preferably tea or coffee.

First aid for mushroom poisoning

22. Repeatedly wash the stomach, giving water or a weak solution of potassium permanganate to drink, and causing vomiting.
23. Take laxatives. You can not stop diarrhea, as this helps to remove poison from the intestines.
24. Plentiful drink, restorative solutions are recommended ("Regidron", "Gidrovit").
25. Acceptance of any sorbents, you can activated carbon.
26. Wrap, warm with heating pads.
27. Be sure to consult a doctor, as many mushrooms have a long-term effect. Need urgent hospitalization.

First aid for botulism

Botulinum toxin is a very potent poison. Therefore, if you suspect poisoning with canned food and long-term storage products, immediately seek medical help! While the ambulance is on the way, take the following steps.

28. Drink plenty of water with baking soda (2 tablespoons per liter), induce vomiting. Repeat several times.
29. Take a saline laxative (magnesia - 1 ampoule per half liter of water, Glauber's salt).
30. After 30 minutes, if by this time the ambulance team has not arrived, give the victim any enterosorbent.
31. In the event of cardiac and/or respiratory arrest, perform resuscitation until function is restored or until an ambulance arrives.

When providing first aid, it is important to first protect yourself and the victim from exposure to poison, then assess the patient's condition, and only after that proceed with measures to provide first aid.

How to poison a person with poison is asked not only by potential attackers, but also by ordinary Internet users.

10 deadly poisons and their effect on humans

Today, the pharmaceutical market offers consumers a variety of drugs, some of which are available for purchase without a prescription.

And there are also toxic substances that allow you to quickly eliminate an opponent or, conversely, provoke a chronic disease. Age-old knowledge and modern technologies become dangerous weapons in the hands of competent people.

Potassium cyanide is known to almost everyone; at the beginning of the 20th century, a dangerous powder was a common way to get rid of unwanted faces.

The poison belongs to the group of hydrocyanic acid derivatives and is highly soluble in water. Some sources point to the specific smell of this substance, however, not all people are able to feel it. Potassium cyanide causes poisoning if ingested, and it is also dangerous to inhale powder particles and solution vapors. The lethal dose of poison is only a few grams, but in most cases it depends on the weight and individual characteristics of the organism.

With the help of potassium cyanide, you can quickly poison a person. Death is affected by the way the substance enters the body, so when particles are inhaled, the action of the toxin manifests itself instantly, and when it enters the stomach, the poison begins to cause irreversible consequences after 15 minutes.

The victim goes through several stages of intoxication. At first, a sore throat is felt, then nausea and vomiting begin, and numbness of the pharynx is possible. Over time, general weakness increases, a feeling of fear arises, and the pulse slows down. Subsequently, signs such as convulsions and loss of consciousness are noted. As a rule, if a sufficient dose of poison is ingested, a person dies within 4 hours.

With the advent of new drugs on the pharmaceutical market, people are interested in how to poison a person with pills. The list of dangerous poisons, if used incorrectly, includes the following drugs:

sleeping pills "Phenazepam";

hellebore water;

drops "Corvalol".

The medicine "Phenazepam" is prescribed by doctors as a remedy for insomnia, panic attacks and stress. It refers to psychotropic drugs, and offenders use this drug in order to poison a person in a dream.

Like many other drugs, "Phenazepam" is incompatible with alcohol - this is what criminals use, since the joint use of these pills and alcohol leads to respiratory arrest and death. But it is not easy to get the described drug, since it is dispensed exclusively by medical prescription.

Hellebore water is freely sold in pharmacies and is used not only in traditional medicine, but also as a remedy for alcohol addiction. However, some cases of intentional intoxication are not taken into account, therefore such a remedy is suitable for those who want to poison a person without determining the poison.

Fatal outcome occurs when ingested 2 years. raw materials, hellebore water adversely affects the functioning of the heart and blood pressure. Thus, the supply of oxygen to the brain gradually decreases.

As a rule, alcohol accelerates the absorption of poison and signs of intoxication with hellebore water develop within 20 minutes after taking the remedy. Vomiting begins, and symptoms such as intense thirst, slow heart rate, and mental disorder are noted. Death occurs on average after 8 hours, such a drug allows the criminal to poison a person without determining the exact cause of death.

Drops of "Corvalol" can be purchased at any pharmacy, which makes them an affordable and effective medicine for poisoning. The lethal dose of the drug depends on the weight and age of the person, on average it is 150 drops.

Intoxication is characterized by prolonged sleep, lowering blood pressure and dilated pupils. The joint use of this drug with alcohol is especially dangerous, in which case tachycardia appears, the skin turns blue. Most likely, it will not work to poison a person slowly with the help of Corvalol drops, a fatal outcome occurs within a day, which is used by various asocial elements of society.

How to cause food poisoning

You can get mild food poisoning if you eat expired or incompatible foods.

Expired Products

Using expired products is risky because it can give you a few days of "toilet vacation". However, if the main thing for you is to avoid participating in another event, this method is quite suitable.

You can prepare in advance - buy a product that will last longer than the expiration date. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that the violation of the storage periods must be significant. If, for example, milk can be stored for 14 days, it does not mean at all that on the 15th it is no longer suitable. It is necessary that at least half of the term has passed beyond what the product is designed for.

For example, if purchased milk can be stored for 14 days, you can drink it on the 21st, etc.

Also, not for every product, using it after the expiration date leads to poisoning.

Terrible poison: TOP 10 most terrible poisons

For example, flour products only get stale, but do not bring any tangible harm. But dairy products can cause indigestion.

The easiest way is to use expired milk or kefir. The main thing is that they are not noticed by the family and not thrown into the trash.

You can even get poisoned by products that have not expired, but they were stored incorrectly. The same milk or kefir, if stored not in the refrigerator but on a battery, can turn sour the very next day. And then their use will cause severe frustration.

Precautionary measures. You should never eat foods on which mold has formed - this is fraught not only with poisoning, but also with more serious consequences.

Incompatible products

Some foods do not mix well, and their joint use also leads to poisoning. The easiest way is to eat lightly salted or pickled cucumbers, washed down with milk. The dose is selected individually.

The method provides a stable diarrhea with a good smell (frightening parents).

Usually, if you start eating foods during the day, by the evening a persistent indigestion is formed. If the performance is intended for family members, it is effective to continue it at night. you can just go to the toilet so that others can see it and spend a lot of time there. The absence of diarrhea and, as a result, the smell, can be hidden if you use an air freshener abundantly - a complete illusion is created that you really have real diarrhea.

The performance also needs to be continued in the morning - complaining of fatigue, and feigning weakness of the stomach.

You can store a bottle of sour milk in advance (see above) and drink it early in the morning - then you will have real diarrhea that you can show your parents.

The main thing is to convince your family that you cannot go anywhere in this state.