Choose colored details to complete the picture of the house. Educational puzzle game "Tangram
Both children and adults like puzzle games: they are exciting, develop ingenuity and non-standard thinking, raise self-esteem, and do not require special knowledge. In addition, such games are an excellent replacement for electronic gadgets that have captured the time and mind of modern people. Perhaps one of the most famous puzzles is the tangram - a square cut into seven parts. In today's article, we will look at the main aspects related to this exciting game: the history of the tangram, the rules of the game, the benefits for children's development and ways to make the tangram yourself.
Chinese tangram puzzle game: rules and history
Tangram (from the Chinese "seven tablets of skill") consists of seven flat figures, or tans. They must be folded in a certain way to obtain a more complex figure depicting a person, animal, plant, object, number, letter, etc. The conditions of the game are the use of all seven tangram pieces and no overlap between the pieces. You should start adding the puzzle by finding the location of the largest triangle.
Tangram is considered an ancient game that originated over 4,000 years ago. According to legend, a porcelain tile fell out of the hands of one person and broke. It turned out 7 parts, and the frustrated person tried to quickly put them together again into a single whole, but the result was the appearance of various figures. The lesson turned out to be very exciting, later it turned into a game and found many fans.
Another beautiful legend tells of the battle between the God of Thunder and the Great Dragon. The God of Thunder broke the sky into 7 parts that fell to the ground. Black pieces absorbed the earth's light and all existing forms of objects. The dragon began to create various forms from "pieces of the sky" - animals, plants, humans.
However, despite the well-established idea of tangram as the oldest game, the earliest depiction of its figures in a Chinese book dates back to 1813. Already at the beginning of the 19th century, thanks to the development of trade relations with China, this game became popular in Europe and America. The oldest copy of the tangram was given to the son of an American shipowner in 1802; it is made of ivory and kept in a silk case.
Fans of the game were, for example, Edgar Allan Poe and Lewis Carroll. In the library of the latter there was a book with 323 tasks for this puzzle.
How many figures are in the tangram and what are they?
Tangram consists of 7 parts obtained by cutting a square. What figures are included in the tangram? These are 5 triangles (2 large, 1 medium and 2 small), a parallelogram and a square. From such a small number of details, you can get a huge number of different figures - it is estimated that there are more than 7000 options!
How to play tangram: rules
Tangram is a simple and simple game. Its rules are as follows:
- From the details of the tangram, you need to add an image of an animal, a person, an object, a letter, a number, a geometric figure;
- The assembled figure must include all 7 parts of the tangram;
- Parts must be in contact without overlapping each other;
- The addition of the figure begins with finding the location of the large triangle.
The benefits of the educational game tangram
Despite its apparent simplicity, tangram is an excellent educational tool. No wonder it is also called a split puzzle or a geometric constructor. By assembling various figures from tangram parts, a child can learn a lot.
What develops tangram:
- perseverance (like any other puzzle, tangram takes time);
- attention, ability to concentrate on details;
- imagination - the child imagines the end result and ways to achieve it;
- logical thinking, since the child creates a whole from parts, analyzes options;
- the ability to follow the rules.
All these qualities and skills are important not only for learning, but for life in general.
Tangram material: wooden, magnetic, cardboard, plastic
Tangram can be made from different materials. The simplest option that is easy to make at home is a cardboard tangram. But, as you understand, it is also the most fragile.
An excellent solution would be to purchase or make a wooden tangram at home. Durable, durable and eco-friendly, it is sure to pass on from today's kids to their own.
It is very convenient to play with a magnetic tangram: you can make pieces on a special field, where they will not move anywhere or overlap each other. It is quite simple to make it at home from special foam and magnets or a special magnetic tape (soft magnet).
Plastic tangrams are quite strong and durable. You can also make them yourself.
How to make a tangram with your own hands?
Making a tangram with your own hands is not at all difficult. First decide on the material. At home, the easiest way is to make a cardboard, rubber (from porous rubber or foam) or magnetic tangram. You can also make a tangram out of felt or an office folder out of hard plastic or very thick cardboard.
The scheme of any tangram looks like this:
The size of the tangram is up to you. It will certainly be convenient for a child to play with a puzzle with a side of a square of 10-12 cm.
Cut out a square from the selected material and draw it in accordance with the diagram (you can follow the template, or you can without it). First, divide the diagonal square in half into two large triangles. Find the center of the square and the midpoints of the sides of one of the larger triangles. Divide the second large triangle in half by connecting the top of the right angle to the center of the square. Draw another large triangle according to the points obtained using a square on the remaining figures: the middle triangle, two small ones, a square and a parallelogram.
You can make all the puzzle pieces the same color, but it will be more interesting and beautiful to create a multi-colored, bright tangram. Paste the resulting parts (if they are non-color or plain) on both sides with colored paper or film. If the child makes the tangram himself, if desired, he can color every detail with pencils or felt-tip pens.
Thin plywood is best for making a wooden tangram. The blank will also need to be drawn and cut according to the scheme, and the resulting parts should be painted.
How to assemble a tangram?
You can introduce a child to the tangram as early as 3-4 years old. You should start by explaining how its parts are called. The simplest version of the game is folding the figures along the contours drawn by the elements. The child needs to find the outline of the desired shape and impose it on top. Later, he will learn to assemble compositions not on top, but next to the sample figure, which will be of a different size. Having practiced, the baby will gradually be able to move on to the addition of figures, seeing only their outer contour, or he will come up with figures himself.
You can play with a tangram one at a time, or you can arrange competitions between players.
As mentioned above, you need to start adding the tangram by finding the location of the large triangle.
Below are some options for figures that can be assembled from puzzle pieces.
Tangram, like any other puzzle, is a wonderful simulator for developing logic and imagination. Its feature is simplicity and at the same time multifunctionality, because only 7 parts can be combined into several thousand variants of figures! We hope that you and your child will appreciate this exciting game. Enjoy your leisure time!
Didactic puzzle game "Tangram"
Tolstopyatova Iraida Anatolyevna, teacher of MADOU "Sorceress", Labytnangi, YNAO.Purpose: This game introduces children to geometric shapes, teaches how to add certain shapes, is recommended for children of middle and older preschool age, as well as for teachers and parents.
Didactic puzzle game "Tangram"
Target: To teach children to play puzzle games on their own, to be able to lay out a variety of silhouettes from a set of geometric shapes.
Tasks: To develop spatial representations of children, constructive thinking, logic, imagination, quick wits.
Develop fine motor skills to prepare children for school.
Cultivate patience and perseverance.
Rules of the game: The game must follow the following rules:
1. When compiling images, the entire set of parts is used.
2. Details of the geometric constructor are attached to each other.
Does everyone know what a tangram is? This is one of the famous puzzles. She was born in China over 3000 years ago. Of the 7 elements into which the square is divided, you can make up many different objects and animal figures.
Draw a square like this on cardboard and divide it into parts. To begin, ask your child to fold these pieces into a square again. It is better if the child copes with the task without looking at the drawing of the square. But if it doesn’t work out, then, of course, you can use the sample.
A variety of silhouettes are laid out from these figures. It is easier for a child to do this using patterns with traced components. Contour patterns are more difficult to reproduce.
Real drawings of those objects, the silhouette image of which is created using a puzzle game, are very useful. In this case, it will be easier for the child to imagine the depicted object and, perhaps, will make up his own version. Such activities are useful in preparing children for schooling.
wad of fluff-
Long ear.
Jumping smartly
Likes carrots (hare).
Cunning cheat-
Red head.
Lives in the forest
In the village, the fox steals chickens.
He sleeps in a den in winter
Under a big pine tree.
And when spring comes
Wakes up from sleep (bear).
Not a rider, but with spurs.
Winged, but badly flies.
On lashes and fences
Sings songs (rooster).
The girl can be laid out in a different way.
The tree is laid out in different ways.
You can create paintings by first laying out on the table, and then gluing on paper.
So that the figures do not get confused, I glued envelopes for them, and geometric shapes of different colors, so that it would be easier to arrange them in envelopes.
Do-it-yourself tangram (game schemes, figures)
Tangram - an old oriental puzzle of figures obtained by cutting a square into 7 parts in a special way: 2 large triangles, one medium, 2 small triangles, a square and a parallelogram. As a result of folding these parts with each other, flat figures are obtained, the contours of which resemble all kinds of objects, ranging from humans, animals and ending with tools and household items. These types of puzzles are often referred to as "geometric construction sets", "cardboard puzzles" or "cut puzzles".
With a tangram, a child will learn to analyze images, highlight geometric shapes in them, learn to visually break an entire object into parts, and vice versa - to compose a given model from elements, and most importantly - to think logically.
How to make a tangram
A tangram can be made from cardboard or paper by printing out a template and cutting along the lines. You can download and print the tangram square diagram by clicking on the picture and selecting "print" or "save picture as...".
It is possible without a template. We draw a diagonal in a square - we get 2 triangles. Cut one of them in half into 2 small triangles. We mark the middle on each side of the second large triangle. We cut off the middle triangle and the rest of the figures at these marks.
A more practical and durable tangram can be cut from a rigid office folder or a plastic DVD box. You can complicate your task a little by cutting out tangrams from pieces of different felt, overcasting them around the edges, or even from plywood or wood.
How to play tangram
Each figure of the game must be made up of seven parts of the tangram, and at the same time they must not overlap.
The easiest option for children is to assemble figures according to diagrams (answers) drawn into elements, like a mosaic. A little practice, and the child will learn to make figures according to the contour pattern and even invent their own figures according to the same principle.
Schemes and figures of the game tangram
Recently, designers have often used tangram. The most successful use of tangram, perhaps, as furniture. There are tangram tables, and transformable upholstered furniture, and cabinet furniture. All furniture, built on the principle of tangram, is quite comfortable and functional. It can be modified depending on the mood and desire of the owner. How many different options and combinations can be made from triangular, square and quadrangular shelves. When buying such furniture, along with instructions, the buyer is given several sheets with pictures on various topics that can be folded from these shelves. In the living room you can hang shelves in the form of people, in the nursery you can put cats, hares and birds out of the same shelves, and in the dining room or library - the drawing can be on a construction theme - houses, castles, temples.
Here is such a multifunctional tangram.
We collect tangram
According to one of the legends, tangram appeared almost two and a half thousand years ago in ancient China. The long-awaited son and heir was born to the elderly emperor. Years passed. The boy grew up healthy and quick-witted beyond his years. But the old emperor was worried that his son, the future ruler of a vast country, did not want to study. The boy liked to play with toys more. The emperor called three wise men to himself, one of whom was known as a mathematician, the other became famous as an artist, and the third was a famous philosopher, and ordered them to come up with a game, having fun with which, his son would comprehend the beginnings of mathematics, learned to look at the world around him with the gaze of an artist , would become patient, like a true philosopher, and would understand that often complex things are made up of simple things. And the three wise men came up with "Shi-Chao-Chu" - a square cut into seven parts.
Parfenova Valentina Nikolaevna, kindergarten teacher
One of the components of the methodological support for the section "Elementary mathematical representations in kindergarten" is the game "Tangram", through which you can solve mathematical, speech and correctional problems.
The game "Tangram" is one of the simple mathematical games. The game is easy to make. A square 10 by 10 cm made of cardboard or plastic, equally colored on both sides, is cut into 7 parts, which are called tans. The result is 2 large, 2 small and 1 medium triangles, a square and a parallelogram. Each child is given an envelope with 7 tanas and a sheet of cardboard on which they lay out a picture from the sample. Using all 7 dances, tightly attaching them one to another, children make up a lot of different images according to samples and according to their own design.
The game is interesting for both children and adults. Children are fascinated by the result - they are involved in active practical activities to select the method of arranging the figures in order to create a silhouette.
The success of mastering the game at preschool age depends on the level of sensory development of children. While playing, children memorize the names of geometric shapes, their properties, distinguishing features, examine the forms visually and tactilely-motorly, freely move them in order to obtain a new figure. Children develop the ability to analyze simple images, identify geometric shapes in them and in surrounding objects, practically modify shapes by cutting and compose them from parts.
At the first stage of mastering the Tangram game, a series of exercises are carried out aimed at developing children's spatial representations, elements of geometric imagination, and at developing practical skills in composing new figures by attaching one of them to another.
Children are offered different tasks: to make figures according to a model, an oral task, a plan. These exercises are preparatory to the second stage of mastering the game - drawing up figures according to dissected samples.<Приложение №1 >.
The ability to visually analyze the shape of a planar figure and its parts is necessary for the successful reconstruction of figures. Children often make mistakes in connecting figures on the sides and in proportion.
Then follow the exercises in drawing up the figures. In case of difficulty, the children turn to the sample. It is made in the form of a table on a sheet of paper of the same size silhouette figure as the sets of figures that children have. This makes it easier in the first lessons to analyze and check the recreated image with a sample.<Рисунок №1>.
The third stage of mastering the game is the compilation of figures according to patterns of a contour character, undivided<Приложение №1>. This is available to children 6-7 years old subject to training. The pattern making games are followed by exercises in making pictures according to one's own design.
The stages of work on the introduction of the game "Tangram" with children of senior preschool age with general speech underdevelopment (OHP) were as follows.
At first, the Tangram game was played as part of a math class for 5-7 minutes. Observations of the children during the game confirmed the fact that the children liked the game. After that, an element of competition was introduced, and the one who posted the picture faster than the others received a chip award.
The kids were even more interested. They began to ask to leave more time for the game "Tangram". This made it possible to conduct mathematical leisure activities, quizzes, where children played up to 20-40 minutes.
To enrich the theme of the game, it became necessary to diversify this material, it was found in the journals “Primary School”, “Preschool Education”, in the books of Z.A. Mikhailova, T.I. Tarabarina, N.V. Elkina. and etc.
Many pictures were developed by the teacher. A number of pictures came up with the children of the preparatory group. Observations of children confirmed that this game develops mental and speech abilities in children.
There were guys with a diagnosis of “general underdevelopment of speech”, with poor memory, with a small vocabulary, closed. They often played alone. With such children, the teachers played individually, offered pictures for the whole family to play at home. The results were unexpected, the children began to level out, some faster, some slower, but they no longer lag behind their peers in posting pictures and even outperformed some. Having overcome their shyness, isolation, these children began to master the alphabet, reading, mathematics faster and left kindergarten with a clear speech, being able to read and count well.
The next step in complicating this game was the selection of speech material for pictures: riddles, funny short poems, tongue twisters, tongue twisters, counting rhymes, physical minutes. In a speech therapy kindergarten, this speech material for children with impaired sound pronunciation and speech has become especially useful. While playing "Tangram", the children memorized this material, consolidated and automated the sounds in tongue twisters and tongue twisters. Speech was enriched in children, memory was trained.
During the game "Tangram" the skills of quantitative counting were consolidated in children. (Total 5 triangles, 2 large triangles, 2 small triangles, 1 medium-sized triangle. There are 7 tans in the game).
Children practically mastered the ordinal account. So, if you count the thanas of the “Rocket” picture from top to bottom, then the square is in fifth place, small triangles are in first and fourth place, the middle triangle is in third, large triangles are in sixth and seventh place<Приложение №1 >.
Counting tanas from top to bottom, from left to right, children practice orientation on a sheet of paper.
Compiling this or that picture, the children compare the size of the triangles, determine the place for small, large and medium triangles in the pictures of the Tangram game.
The children's knowledge of geometric shapes in this game (triangle, square and quadrangle) is constantly consolidated.
Playing, rearranging small cardboard figurines-tans, children train the small muscles of the hands and fingers.
In the speech therapy groups of the kindergarten, work is carried out on lexical and grammatical topics, within which children's knowledge of the world around them is clarified and consolidated. On many topics, pictures for the game "Tangram" were developed (wild and domestic animals and birds, trees, houses, furniture, toys, dishes, transport, people, families, flowers, mushrooms, insects, fish, etc.). On the topic “Wild Animals”, pictures have been developed: a hare, a fox, a wolf, a bear, a squirrel, a lion, a kangaroo<Приложение №1 >. Playing with pictures, laying them out, children memorize a variety of speech material, as well as consolidate and automate the sounds set by the speech therapist.
Often dads ask themselves: what to play with the child at home? Yes, so that the game would be beneficial for the development of the baby. Especially if this kid is already running and talking at full speed.
At a time when mothers are more fond of playing games to develop the child's creative abilities (sing, draw, sculpt with the baby), fathers are more likely to take care of the logical and mathematical development of their child. So what to play?
We offer you the Tangram puzzle game, which you, dear dads, can easily make for your children yourself. This game is often referred to as “cardboard puzzle” or “geometric construction set”. "Tangram" is one of the simple puzzles that a child from 3.5-4 years old can do, and by complicating tasks, it can be interesting and useful for children 5-7 years old.
How to make "Tangram"?
Making a puzzle is very easy. You need a square 8x8 cm. You can cut it out of cardboard, from smooth ceiling tiles (if left over after repair) or from a plastic box from DVD movies. The main thing is that this material should be the same color on both sides. Then the same square is cut into 7 parts. It should be: 2 large, 1 medium and 2 small triangles, a square and a parallelogram. Using all 7 parts, tightly attaching them to each other, you can make a lot of different figures according to samples and according to your own design.
How useful is play for a child?
Initially, "tangram" is a puzzle. It is aimed at the development of logical, spatial and constructive thinking, ingenuity.
As a result of these game exercises and tasks, the child will learn to analyze simple images, highlight geometric shapes in them, visually break the whole object into parts, and vice versa, compose a given model from elements.
So where do you start?
Stage 1
To begin with, you can compose images from two or three elements. For example, from triangles to make a square, a trapezoid. The child can be offered to count all the details, compare them in size, find triangles among them.
Then you can simply attach the parts to each other and see what happens: a fungus, a house, a Christmas tree, a bow, a candy, etc.
Stage 2
A little later, you can move on to exercises for folding figures according to a given example. In these tasks, you need to use all 7 elements of the puzzle. It is better to start by drawing up a hare - this is the simplest of the figures below.
Stage 3
A more complex and interesting task for the children is to recreate images according to contour samples. This exercise requires the visual division of the form into its component parts, that is, into geometric shapes. Such tasks can be offered to children 5-6 years old.
This is already more complicated - the figures of a man running and sitting.
These are the most difficult pieces in this puzzle. But having trained, we think that your guys will be able to do it too.
Here, children can already collect images according to their plans. The picture is first conceived mentally, then the individual parts are assembled, after which the whole picture is created.
Dear dads, it is not necessary to spend money on expensive toys. Remember that the most expensive of all toys for a child can be those that you make for him yourself. And, of course, with whom you will play together.
More tasks with answers to the puzzle:
To organize classes, the following tools and accessories are needed: a ruler, square, compasses, scissors, a simple pencil, cardboard.
- "tangram"
"Tangram" is a simple game that will be interesting for children and adults. The success of mastering the game at preschool age depends on the level of sensory development of the child. Children should know not only the names of geometric shapes, but also their properties, distinguishing features.
A square measuring 100x100 mm, pasted over on both sides with colored paper, is cut into 7 parts. The result is 2 large, 1 medium and 2 small triangles, a square and a parallelogram. Various silhouettes are formed from the resulting figures.
Puzzle "Pythagoras"
Cut a 7x7 cm square into 7 pieces. From the resulting figures, harmonize various silhouettes.
"Magic Circle"
The circle is cut into 10 parts. The rules of the game are the same as in other similar games: use all 10 parts to make up the silhouette, without overlapping one another. The cut circle should be colored the same on both sides.
Tangram (Chinese 七巧板, pinyin qī qiǎo bǎn, lit. "seven boards of skill") is a puzzle consisting of seven flat figures that are folded in a certain way to get another, more complex figure (depicting a person, animal, household item, letter or number, etc.). The figure to be obtained is usually specified in the form of a silhouette or an external contour. When solving the puzzle, two conditions must be met: first, all seven tangram figures must be used, and second, the figures must not overlap.
figures
Dimensions are given relative to a large square, the sides and area of \u200b\u200bwhich are taken equal to 1.
5 right triangles
2 small (with hypotenuse, equal and legs)
1 medium (hypotenuse and legs)
2 large (hypotenuse and legs)
1 square (with a side)
1 parallelogram (with sides and and angles and)
Among these seven parts, the parallelogram stands out for its lack of mirror symmetry (it has only rotational symmetry), so that its mirror image can only be obtained by flipping it upside down. This is the only part of the tangram that needs to be turned over in order to fold certain shapes. When using a one-sided set (in which it is forbidden to flip the pieces), there are pieces that can be folded, while their mirror image cannot.
The pedagogical meaning of the tangram
Promotes the development in children of the ability to play by the rules and follow instructions, visual-figurative thinking, imagination, attention, understanding of color, size and shape, perception, combinatorial abilities.
The author of the book, known to many readers for his speeches in the press about the upbringing of children, talks about the experience of using and using educational games in his family, which allow him to successfully solve the problem of developing the child's creative abilities.
The book contains a description of games that are a kind of "mental gymnastics", a detailed description of the methodology for their implementation and the method of manufacture.
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1. WHAT ARE DEVELOPING GAMES?
Educational games Nikitins. Golden mean. creators and performers. What games does Nikitin have. How many games do you need to have? "Monkey"
CHAPTER 2
When and how to start. Drawing tasks. Errors, help and hints. Not only patterns. The same, not the same. Same color. Dimensions. Check. One, many, several. Account in order. More, less, equally. As many. Guess how much. Count down. The composition of the number. Meet ten. Let's get to know the numbers. Plus, minus, equal. Make-believe. We share equally. Hide and seek with an account. We train and remember. Orientation in space. Paths and houses. Dictation cubes. Looking for treasure. Sequences. What changed? As it was? Perimeter and area. Figures and their sides. Introduction to the perimeter. Introduction to the area. Both perimeter and area. Combinatorics. Symmetry.
CHAPTER 3. MONTESSORI FRAMES AND INSERTS
Introduction to the game. Learning to close the "windows". We close the "windows" ourselves. Outline the frames and learn to paint over. Draw frames and play. Circle the liners. We paint over. We shade. "Know the figure by touch." Insert by touch. Sort. Compare. Compliance. "Beads". "House". We train mindfulness.
CHAPTER 4. "UNICUB", "FOLD THE SQUARE" AND OTHER GAME SETS "Unicube". "Fold the square."
Color, shape, size. Find similar. Angles. Length. What does it look like? We play Monkey. "Find the mistake." Draw figurines. Reduced copy. initial geometry. Complete the silhouette. What changed? As it was? Symmetry. "Bricks". "Cubes for Everyone"
CHAPTER 5. NOW ATTENTION! "Attention". "Attention! Guess"
CHAPTER 6. PLANS AND MAPS
puppet plans. Plan of the room and apartment. Plan for the little ones. Neighborhood plan. My city. Games with real geographical maps. Games with a map hanging on the wall. Games with a card lying on the floor. Map in pieces. Travel games. Game "I know!". Guess what it is?
CHAPTER 7. WHAT TIME IS IT?
Introduction to watches. Half an hour. How much was? Five minutes. How to say? Schedule.
CHAPTER 8. MATHEMATICS WITH NIKITIN'S GAMES
"Fractions". We play with circles. Same and different. Big and small. From big to small. We play Monkey. As it was? Learning to count. Equally. The composition of the number. Let's get to know fractions. Numerator and denominator. From writing down the number to counting in the mind. What part is colored? How much is missing? A whole and a half. Compare fractions. Not only fractions. And again symmetry. THERMOMETER AND KNOTS
APPENDIX BIBLIOGRAPHY.
The text of the book itself is 104 pages long. The rest of the appendix book is game materials. Below is a photo of individual pages of the book. For example, a page from the "fold the pattern" chapter and a page from the appendix to this game.
Photo of a couple of pages from the chapters "fractions" and "Montessori frames and inserts"
If you evaluate the book on the content and style of presentation, I personally would put "5+".
As can be seen from the content, the book discusses the techniques of playing with the Nikitin games. Before buying this book, I already had Nikitin's book "Intellectual Games". Then I thought, is there still a need for a book, if there is a primary source. Having bought the book, I answered myself unambiguously “yes”, because.
1. The book discusses not only the games recommended by Nikitin, but also other games invented by Lena Danilova. It turns out that, having several games, you can play for a long time and in a variety of ways.
2. Applications are very useful. We ourselves have so far only used the applications for the game “fold the pattern”. It is not so easy to start making Nikitin's patterns right away. The appendix gives examples of drawings, starting with one cube and then in increasing complexity. There are apps for other games as well.
3. The book gives recommendations on how to interest the child if it is not possible to play right away (both general recommendations and specific games are given). Not all children want to play by the rules, and not all children are ready to show interest just at the sight of a new game, parents of such children will find a lot of useful advice in the book.
Tangram in Chinese has a literal meaning as "seven tablets of skill." It is believed that this is one of the oldest puzzles in the history of human civilization, although for the first time this intellectual game was mentioned in a Chinese book during the reign of the seventh Manchu emperor of the Qing state, who ruled under the motto "Jiaqing - Beautiful and joyful." And in the European lexicon, the word "tangram" first appeared in 1848 in the brochure "Puzzles for Teaching Geometry" written by Thomas Hill, later president of Harvard University.
Considered a classic tangram, it consists of seven flat geometric figures - two large, one medium and two small triangles, a square and a parallelogram. These figures are added to obtain another, more complex, figure. Often these figures depict a person in various movements, some animal or object, a letter or number. The figure that needs to be folded is given in the form of a silhouette or contour, and the task is to find a solution how to place the geometric shapes included in the tangram to get the desired one.
When finding a Tangram solution, two conditions must be observed: the first is that all seven tangram figures must be used, and the second is that the figures must not overlap (overlap each other).
As you can see from history, very respected and smart people attributed such a very simple-looking game to a method of developing intelligence worthy of the closest attention. Try it and you - buy a tangram and add a few figures of these seven polygons.
In addition to this type, there are other types of tangrams. All of them are interesting and exciting in finding a solution. Try it yourself.
Puzzle "Tangram"
One of the most famous fans of the tangram is the world-famous writer and mathematician Lewis Carroll, the one to whom humanity owes the appearance of the various adventures of the girl Alice. He adored the game and often offered his friends problems from a Chinese book he had with 323 problems.
He also wrote the book "Chinese Fashion Puzzle", in which he claimed that Napoleon Bonaparte, after his defeat and imprisonment on the island of St. Helena, spent time at the tangram "exercising his patience and resourcefulness." He had a classic ivory set of this logic game and a book with tasks. Confirmation of this occupation of Napoleon is in the book by Jerry Slocum "The Tangram Book".
Edgar Allan Poe was no less famous for thinking about putting together a puzzle of seven separate figures. This popular writer of detective stories with interesting plots often solved the problems of the Tangram puzzle.
We talked about only a few well-known personalities who were fascinated by this interesting logic game. We hope that it will be more interesting to buy a Tangram puzzle now. It is worth adding that the great variety of possible figures from the seven geometric figures is amazing - there are several thousand of them, Perhaps you can add a few more to them.
Tangram puzzle "Stomachion"(Archimedes game)
The great thinker and mathematician Archimedes mentions this logical problem in his work, which is now called the Archimedes Palimpsest. It contains the treatise of the same name "Stomachion", which tells about such a concept as absolute infinity, as well as about combinatorics and mathematical physics. About everything that in our modern era is an important section of computer science.
It is believed that Archimedes attempted to find out the number of combinations with which it is possible to add up a perfect square from 14 segments. And only in 2003, with the help of a specially designed computer program, the American Bill Butler was able to calculate all possible solutions. The mathematician came to the conclusion that in total this game has 17152 combinations, and provided that the square cannot rotate and it cannot have a mirror reflection, then “only” 536 options.
The puzzle game "Stomachion" is very similar to the tangram and the main difference is the number and shape of the elements it consists of. For all its simplicity, this logic game is worthy of attention. The ancient Greeks and Arabs attached great importance to tasks and learning with it.
In addition to the task of finding 536 variants of the ideal square of Archimedes, this logic game offers to add various shapes from its 14 geometric shapes. Try to put together the figures of a person, animals and objects. This is actually not an easy task as it might seem at first glance. The rules are simple: all elements of the Stomachion puzzle can be turned to either side, and all of them must be used.
It is noteworthy that the word "tangram" itself is actually an old English word, composed of two parts - "tan" - Chinese and "gram" - in Greek "letter". In China, the game is called Chi-Chao-Tu (7 ingenious pieces).
The essence of this puzzle lies in the folding of 7 geometric tanram figures of various silhouettes, as well as in inventing new ones. Imagine, it is estimated that 7000 different combinations can be made from the elements of the tangram. When solving the puzzle, you must follow only 2 rules: the first - you must use all 7 tangram figures, and the second - the figures should not overlap each other.
What is the use of tangram?
Folding according to tangram schemes contributes to the development of perseverance, attention, imagination, logical thinking, helps to create a whole from parts and at the same time foresee the result of one's activity, teaches one to follow the rules and act according to instructions. All these skills are necessary for the child while studying at school, and in adulthood.
Tangram: schemes for younger students
It is better for young children to offer simple and interesting tangram patterns, such as animal silhouettes. We offer to collect together with children a cat, carp, camel, fox, turkey and duck. Please note that one picture can be changed quite a bit by moving several figures, and the assembled animal changes position, that is, it seems to come to life.
kitty
carp and camel
Chanterelle
duck and turkey
For you, a detailed description of the tangram scheme with the image of a hare.
1. We will begin to make the first figure of our hare from the head - a square. Attach the ears to the head: a medium-sized triangle and a parallelogram. We will make the body from 2 large triangles, and the paws from small ones.
2. Our bunny was frightened of something and changed its shape: he pressed his ears, folded his paws. Let's lay out the body from 2 large triangles, connecting them in the form of a parallelogram. We will attach the head from the square to the body, and the ears from the parallelogram to the head. It remains to make paws from 2 small and 1 medium triangles.
3. The hare stopped being afraid and decided to look out from behind the bush: he pricked up his ears (a parallelogram and a middle triangle), and he also had a tail - a small triangle.
And this is how a fox chasing a hare looks like.
Tangram patterns for high school students
A fifth-grader can already safely take on more complex tangram schemes - images of people in motion. Also, children of this age will surely like the intricate silhouettes of numbers and letters.
Tangram develops abstract thinking well, so it will be useful for preschoolers who are preparing for school and.
Tangram in design
Adults can not only play tangram with kids, but also to go further - to use the technique of this puzzle in the design. You can decorate the interior in an original and beautiful way with bookshelves in the form of tangram figures.
Realize your most interesting ideas, it all depends on your imagination.