An electric fence is an excellent tool for keeping and walking animals, protecting and protecting pastures and buildings from the penetration of wild animals along the perimeter

When an animal comes into contact with the fence, an electric current passes through the carcass of the animal into the ground. The animal feels a slight electric shock and moves away from the fence. The electric shock is not dangerous for the life of animals and develops in them a stable reflex not to approach the electric fence.

The electric fence is ideal for keeping cattle. With it, you can protect stationary or temporary pastures. C. An electric fence is used both for grazing and for protecting them.

Tr1: W12x12 or w16x16; I - 14 turns (0.7) with a tap from the middle, II - 60 turns (1.0) with a tap from the middle, III - 120 ... 130 turns (1.0) Winding sequence: I, II, III. Through 2-3 layers of insulation. Transistors - P214 or P217, or their more modern counterparts

An electric fence of this design is a wire or metal mesh stretched on insulators that does not have contact with the ground, connected to a grounded power source that generates high-voltage pulses. It is not dangerous for the life of animals and people, but it is extremely unpleasant.

For the frightening functionality of the electric fence, short high-voltage pulses are received, repeating at a certain interval.

The pulse generator is assembled according to the scheme in the figure below. It is based on a ready-made high-voltage transformer, or rather, an ignition coil from a car, which is a transformer with a low-resistance primary and high-resistance secondary windings. When pulsing in the primary, high voltage pulses appear on the secondary winding. In the car, they follow the candles, and in our case, the electric fence.

For the structure to work, it is necessary to send an impulse voltage to the primary winding of the transformer, consisting of an impulse sequence of audio frequency, repeating after a certain time. The circuit for generating such pulses is made on three 555 timer chips. Generators of infrasonic and sound vibrations are assembled on the first and third timers. On the second timer, a single vibrator is made.

The current to the primary winding of the transformer is supplied through the key on the first transistor. So that a high voltage is formed in the secondary winding of the transformer. On the third timer, a sound pulse generator is assembled. From its third output, audio frequency pulses are fed to the gate of the field-effect transistor. As a result, a pulsating current is generated in the primary winding of the transformer, which creates a high voltage on the secondary winding.

The sound pulse generator is controlled by the level at the fourth output of the timer A3. The logical one level starts it, and at the zero level the generator is blocked and a logical zero appears at its output.

At the first timer, an infrasonic generator was assembled. The frequency of the generated pulses can be adjusted by the variable resistance R1. The frequency of high-voltage pulses depends on this generator. Pulses from the third output of the first timer are fed to the second output of the second timer, on which the one-shot circuit is built. With the arrival of each pulse to the second output, the timer generates one pulse of a given duration, which can be adjusted by the variable resistance R4. Pulses from its third output follow the output of the fourth third timer through the resistance R6. Thus, the second timer sets the duration of the high-voltage pulses entering the fence, and the first timer sets the frequency of their repetition.

This pulse signal follows through the resistance to the gate of a powerful key transistor VT1. And the primary winding of the transformer T1 is connected to the drain circuit. High voltage pulses will appear on the secondary winding.

Everything except the ignition coil is made on a single printed circuit board.

You can take almost any ignition coil. For example, from the car "Lada" VAZ-2101-2106, "Moskvich" 412, 2140.

"is the following design: the pasture is fenced with bare wire suspended on insulators. A voltage of 1.5 ... 5 kV is supplied to it from a pulse generator. Touching the wire, the animal receives an unpleasant electric shock, of course, safe for his life.

After several touches, the animal develops a conditioned reflex, and it no longer tries to go beyond the fence. The current can be up to 15 mA (sinusoidal current with a frequency of 50 Hz), with short pulses, the current of the pulse generator can increase up to 500 mA. From a safety point of view, the duration of the pulse should not exceed 0.1 s, and the interval between pulses should be at least 0.75 s. In factory-made electric fences, the pulse duration is several milliseconds at a repetition rate of about 1 Hz, a voltage of 5 kV and a current of up to 300 mA (electric charge up to 3 mC). Animals are most affected by impulses with a frequency of 250 Hz.

On fig. 1.1,a shown circuit diagram "electronic fence". This is high voltage generator, generating a voltage of 1.6 ... 2 kV with a frequency of 1 kHz. The voltage pulse appears once per second and lasts about 100 ms. It depends on the capacitance of the capacitor. C1 and resistor resistances R1, R3. The main part of the device is a transformer Tr1. It uses a ferrite core from a TV's horizontal-scan transformer. The primary winding has 55 turns of PEV 0.71 wire and the secondary winding has 18 turns of PEV-1 0.25 wire. The third high-voltage winding is taken ready from the horizontal transformer. You can wind the high-voltage winding yourself, but it's difficult. It consists of 1600 turns of insulated wire 0.12 mm in diameter, wound in layers of 100 turns each with layers of capacitor paper. For a fence, copper or galvanized steel wire with a diameter of 1- 1.5 mm. It is stretched between the posts, which are placed every 25 m.

Rice. 1.1. "electroshepherd"

a - basic electrical circuit (L1 - 55 turns of PEV 0.71; L2 - 18 turns

PEV 0.26; L3- 1600 turns of SEW 0.12; b -tv line transformer

converted to work in a generator.

Rice. 1.2. "Electronic Fence":

o - wire fence design; b - insulators for a portable fence.

Insulators - high-voltage from the power line, or in extreme cases, ordinary, porcelain. Insulators for portable fences can be made from plastic or glass bottles (Fig. 1.2, b) mounted on wooden stakes driven into the ground. Fencing wire wraps around the neck of each bottle. It should not touch bushes, grass, etc. Pay attention to good grounding quality. The earth is used as the second wire of the high voltage line. The distances between the fence wire and the ground for various cases are shown in fig. 17.8, a.

Establishing the device is to obtain the maximum voltage at the output of the pulse generator. The magnitude of the voltage is judged by the length of the spark that forms between the output terminal of the generator and the wire connected to ground. Adjustment is made by variable resistors R1 and R2.

It is necessary to follow the safety regulations and in no case touch the bare wires!

The actions of the device are checked by carefully bringing a hand to the wire, at a distance of 10 mm from the wire, a spark should jump with a dry crackle of the discharge, and a slight tingling sensation will be felt. Animals are energized at a distance of 2...4 mm. Fenced area 5...10 ha.

A few words about the benefitselectric shepherds". The fence allows more animals to graze than usual. This gives a 20...25% increase in milk or meat production. The fence protects farms and gardens from the intrusion of uninvited four-legged guests.

An electric shepherd for cattle, including cows, is nothing more than a special metal fence, under low electrical voltage, designed for grazing. This perimeter fence does not disturb the appearance and condition of the pasture, but at the same time reliably protects the herd. The use of such a device allows you to reduce the cost of maintaining additional jobs in the farm. The electric shepherd will protect the cows from external sources of danger and will not allow the herd to scatter.

In appearance, the electric shepherd resembles an ordinary metal fence, which passes the electric current connected to it, which is generated with a pulse interval per second. The discharge received in contact with the fence will give the animal discomfort, without causing harm. But this will contribute to the development of a reflex in cows and very soon the herd will no longer approach the fence. In addition, the electric shepherd will prevent a predator or a stranger from entering the pasture. The electric shock will be not so much strong as memorable. It will be impossible to be under the influence of current for a long time, so nothing threatens the herd that grazes outside it.

Such a device is great not only for cows, but also for other farm animals. also involves their regular grazing, therefore, if there are a large number of them, one cannot do without such a hedge.

In appearance, the electric shepherd resembles an ordinary metal fence.

The electric shepherd is easily mounted on the chosen place of the pasture and also easily removed. Its installation does not require special skills. The fence power supply can work:

• from the network;
• offline;
• from solar panels.

To date, such a design is the best option for grazing cattle without using a leash.

The advantages of using an electric shepherd are obvious:

• convenience and practicality;
• ease of installation;
• saving money on wages;
• low cost.

An electric fence for grazing livestock can be either made independently or purchased as a complete set.

Video review of the electric shepherd

Before buying it, it is important to take into account all the landscape features of the pasture.

The market price of an electric shepherd is quite democratic. And this means that even a novice farmer can afford to purchase it. But before you decide on such a purchase, you need to decide what kind of it you need.

The electric shepherd happens:

• constant;
• temporary.

Before buying it, it is important to take into account all the landscape features of the pasture and find out about the presence of underground utilities on its territory. This device must not be used where high voltage cables are laid.

Another important point is the connection of the electric fence to the network. If there is no permanent source of electricity in the immediate vicinity of the pasture, preference should be given to those models that are powered by solar panels or battery. We should not forget about the grounding of this structure, it is good if it is additionally equipped with a lightning rod.

Well, the type of lock, the design of the gate and the material from which the fence posts are made can be chosen depending on your personal preferences.

Y, cows and other livestock require a number of special devices and an electric fence is one of them.

Video about installation and connection

In the modern market of farm goods in our country, electric shepherds are represented by the following trade brands:

• Ollie;
• Riks-tv;
• Lame and others

Each of their models is good in its own way. The Finnish company Olli is a leader in the manufacture of electric fences for cattle grazing. All of its models are specially certified and have two connection lines that allow them to work both from the mains and from the battery.

Breeding and grazing cows behind electric fences contributes to their health and good weight gain

The Riks-TV company is so far the only domestic manufacturer specializing in the manufacture of electric shepherds and its components. Works are carried out on individual orders. Their advantage is the ability to order a protective fence for any pasture area, low price and unlimited warranty service.

The French manufacturer Lacme makes permanent fences equipped with indicator lights to monitor the operation of the electrical system. All models produced by them have a double electrical impulse and meet international quality standards.

Breeding and grazing cows behind electric fences contributes to their health and good weight gain. It can be as convenient and profitable as it is, with the right approach and equipping your farm with modern innovations.

Roller electric shepherd in action

DIY manufacturing

An electric fence is not a complex structure and with some skills you can make it yourself. To do this, you will need electric poles that need to be placed around the perimeter of the future fence at a distance of about 10 meters from each other. At their upper end, threads should be cut and porcelain insulators screwed on. The length of the electric fence can reach up to 2 thousand meters, and it is best to use galvanized wire for it. The role of the voltage converter is perfectly performed by a pulse generator. Now it remains only to ground the structure and install a lightning rod.

Video story on how to do it yourself

An electric shepherd is a fairly simple but very convenient device that allows you to safely graze cows without a leash, which will have a very good effect on their health and milk yield.

You can use both your own made design and the finished model. With the right choice, such a device will serve for a long time and with high quality.

When keeping pets, owners are faced with the problem of their safe grazing, which can be solved by making a do-it-yourself electric shepherd. Such a device is a protective perimeter. Its use provides protection to the surrounding landscape and the animals themselves from fellow predators. The herd does not disperse and is under reliable protection, without being affected by dangerous external sources.

What is an electric fence?

An erected light wire fence, along which high voltage pulses pass, supplied by a special generator. The conductors rest on insulators attached to posts made of metal, plastic, or wood.

Typically, an electric fence encloses pastures and pens for domestic agricultural animals, that is, for birds and animals. With their help, they also ensure the protection of sown areas from the harm caused by animals and livestock. Thinness is prevented from getting on highways and into ravines, where it can get not only injured, but also die.

With such protection, cattle and other animals, in contact with bare wires, receive short-term high-voltage electric shocks, which causes a protective reaction in them and excludes further touches. The pulse generation frequency is every second. The electric discharge is small and does not bring harm to the animal, causing only unpleasant sensations.

Choosing the Right Electric Shepherd

The modern market today offers almost any product. There is also a wide range of electric fences. The main thing is in their correct selection. Permanent and temporary fencing options are available. It is worth considering the features of the territory, that is, the presence of lowlands, hills and reservoirs, as well as underground utilities.

Important points are the method of connection to power supply sources. In the absence of electricity nearby, you can pay attention to the fences that operate on solar panels or batteries. You will also need a lightning rod to ensure that electrical safety is observed.

A wide variety of accessories are available for making the electric shepherd. The fundamental issue is the selection of material for the columns. Mostly metal or wood is offered, but a much more convenient, economical and safe method is as supports for fence structures.

They are made of modern composite materials, they are distinguished by their convenience and durability, excellent performance properties and affordability. In addition, the rods themselves are dielectric in their properties, which makes it possible to refuse insulators when using them as fence posts.

The industry makes it possible to purchase a variety of models of such a fence, but they are more expensive than making such an electric fence with your own hands.

Fiberglass rods for electric shepherds are the best solution at the moment.

If you decide to make a fence yourself, first of all, purchase fiberglass rods for the electric shepherd, which are the best option for this business. We produce them in various sizes:

• 70 cm in height - dog pens are fenced off;
• 110 cm - the best components for fencing goats and cattle;
• 150 cm - you can protect large animals, for example, ostriches, horses.

Do-it-yourself electric fence - an economical option

A self-made electric shepherd guarantees a significant reduction in financial costs. This is ensured by the possibility of widespread use of improvised materials. For example, a thin wire for welding units can be used for a conductor. A wide special tape is more optimal, but it has a rather high cost.

There are plenty of options for insulators. In budget shepherd hedges, these can be:

• Plastic bottles attached with self-tapping screws. Through a pair of slots, a wire is threaded into them;
• Taping the locations of the wire or tape with tape;
• Pieces of bicycle chambers fixed with the same self-tapping screws;
• Lids from plastic bottles.

Here, to reduce the cost, everyone can show their endless imagination by choosing improvised materials. By making a fence with your own hands, you can find a way out of any situation, while not forgetting about safety standards.

Reinforcing pieces or iron bars are suitable for grounding the electric shepherd, the length of which must be at least 120 cm. Driving into the ground is about a meter. This place, in order for the generator to work better, and the entire system in dry weather, should be watered.

The connection between the components of such a shepherd is perfectly connected by high-voltage cords with "crocodiles", which are used in cars.

As already mentioned, fiberglass rods for electric fences perfectly fulfill their purpose. Particularly suitable for mobile versions of electric shepherds, as they are distinguished by their low weight and easy installation.

Some people still tend to use wooden posts, but they are more suitable for stationary fences. In addition, their installation requires a drill or digging holes. You can hammer with a sledgehammer, but the appearance of their top will be very unaesthetic, and cracks can appear from blows.

Some conditions for the manufacture of an effective electric shepherd

Practice has shown that an electric shepherd for cattle and other domestic animals will be effective and of high quality if certain requirements are met during its manufacture:

• Galvanized wire is the best electrical conductor. Its diameter is about 2.5 mm. Iron wire is not suitable due to rapid rusting;
• It is better to use porcelain insulators, since they are not afraid of moisture;
• The efficiency of the electric shepherd is increased by increasing the power of the converter used in the circuit. This requires a decrease in its resistance. However, experts dissuade from this step, since stress can become a danger to both animals and people.
• The condition that must be met in the manufacture of any homemade product is to ensure not only operability, but also its safety.

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Visual instructions for the installation of electric shepherds

The main elements for building an electric fence

How does an electric fence work?

The principle of operation of the electric fence

The electric shepherd (generator) generates high voltage pulses passing through the conductors at a frequency of 1 time per second. When an animal comes into contact with a fence, an electric current passes through the animal's body into the ground. The animal receives a mild electric shock and moves away from the fence. Electric shock does not pose a threat to the life of the animal, but develops a stable reflex in the animal not to approach the fence.

Power options for OLLI electric fence:

Basic rules for choosing an electric shepherd

If possible, always choose a mains powered electric shepherd

A powerful shepherd is needed when:

• grazing animals with long hair
• the railing tape is low (risk: grass may touch the railing)
• long fence
• there are males in the herd

Territory marking

		Installation of pillars for the gate: 1. Decide on the marking of the territory, the location of the electric shepherd, the number and location of passages. 2. Install gate posts. The gate should provide unhindered passage of animals, people and vehicles. 3. Install electric fence posts around the perimeter. The height of the pillars must be fixed around the entire perimeter (in relation to the landscape). The distance between the pillars is selected taking into account the landscape. The more height differences, bumps, ditches, etc., the more often the poles are installed. The maximum distance between posts is 10 meters.

Wicket size

Spring kit: 4.5 m

Flexible cord kit: 3.2 or 4.5 m.

When using only handles and insulators for the gate separately, the distance between the posts should be from 2.5 to 3.5 m.

Wicket installation (spring kit)

Installation order:

1. Install gate posts

2. Screw insulators for the gate into the posts

3. Connect the spring to the insulated handle

4. Install the spring kit on the gate insulators

Installing the gate kit:

1. The kit for the gate consists of a spring, an insulated handle and insulators for the gate. Insulated handles allow you to open and close the gate without turning off the electric shepherd.

2. Choose the optimal height of the electric fence lines. The height and number of lines for each type of animal is selected according to the recommendations.

Installation of a gate with a flexible cord

Installation of insulators

Important! When using wooden poles, the installation of insulators is mandatory, since voltage losses on raw wood are significant. Conductors must not touch uninsulated fence elements. This can lead to damage to the electric shepherd.

Installation of conductors

Installation of electric fence conductors:

1. Fasten the conductor to the gate insulator using a special connector, making several turns.

2. Tighten the connector to ensure good contact.

3. Connect the top line of the electric fence to the bottom line. Install jumpers between the lines every 200 - 300 m to ensure even distribution of high voltage along the entire length of the fence.

4. Check the quality of the connections.

Connecting lines to each other

1. Connect the lines with jumpers

2. Run electricity under the gate using Olli's high voltage cable. This will ensure a good current of electricity through the gate.

3. The right edge of the gate. Continue the same wire without breaking it! The connector for the wires will prevent the wire from jumping out when the gate is opened. You can connect a wire to conduct electricity under the gate to the same connector.

Installing Connectors

Connecting conductors to ensure good contact, use special OLLI connectors. Poor quality connectors corrode and disrupt the operation of the electric fence.

Installation order:

1. Insert the conductor into the connector

2. Tighten the connector to ensure contact

Choose quality conductors and connectors

Important! Do not knot conductors! The nodes do not provide proper contact, resulting in sparking. Sparking leads to overheating and premature failure of the conductor. Sparking can also cause interference with radio equipment.

You can not do it this way!!!

Fence guides must not touch the ground, vegetation, wooden or metal fence posts.

Installing tensioners

Stretching conductors

Tensioners are needed to stretch the conductors around the perimeter. With good tension, the conductors are less prone to vibrations, which increases the service life.

Installation order:

1.Insert the conductor into the tensioner

2.Tighten the conductor until the slack is removed

Installing an electric shepherd (generator)

Installing a generator (electroshepherd):

1. Install the generator by securing it with the fasteners supplied.

2. Install a ground pole near the generator. The earth pole must be buried at least 80 cm into the ground. For dry and loose soil (sand), use several grounding poles.

Installation order:

1. Install the generator

2. Drive the ground pole 80 cm into the ground.

3. Install the power supply.

Organize high-quality grounding!

Install an earth pole on the bank of a river, lake, or at the edge of a ditch (wetplace). Never install an earth pole under the roof as dry soil (sand) is a poor conductor of electricity!

IMPORTANT: Use only OLLI grounding poles. Ordinary poles quickly rust and cease to fulfill their function. The grounding of the electric shepherd should not be connected to the grounding of buildings, the general grounding of the network or the water supply. For safety reasons, the grounding of the electric shepherd must be installed at a safe distance (at least 10m) from the grounding of buildings (or water supply). For this reason, it is recommended to use a special high-voltage cable for grounding. This is especially important in cases where the electric shepherd is located indoors and the ground cable must be removed from the building. When connecting the ground to the water supply, the consequence may be a sensation of electric shocks, for example in the shower. Connecting the shepherd's ground to a common electrical ground system can cause interference with electrical and radio devices such as telephones.

Generator connection

Generator connection:

1. Install a lightning rod. A lightning rod is necessary to prevent the generator from failing when a lightning strike hits the electric fence. Connect the lightning rod to the electric fence.

2. Connect the electric shepherd to ground and lightning rod.

3. Connect the electric shepherd to the power supply, observing the polarity.

Installation order:

1. Install a lightning rod

2. Connect the lightning rod to the electric fence.

3. Connect the generator to ground and to a lightning rod

4. Connect the generator to the power supply

The second option for installing a lightning rod

Checking the operation of the electric fence

Voltage measurement inelectric fences:

Turn on the generator and check the voltage in the conductors and connectors using a tester.

During the operation of the electric fence, there should be no sparking at the joints. If clicks are heard in the connections when the electric fence is in operation, this is a sign of poor contact and sparking. Sparking leads to overheating and premature failure of conductors.

Hedge check procedure:

1. Ground the tester

2. Check the voltage at the connections.

3. Check the voltage on the conductors. The fence voltage must be at least 4.0 kV (4000V) depending on the model of the electric shepherd.

Grounding check

Ground check with Olli Digitester or Supertester testers

1. Turn off the electric shepherd

2. Connect the fence tape to the ground as far as possible from the electric shepherd, at least 100 m from the shepherd. You can connect the tape to the ground, for example, by leaning an iron pole touching the ground against the tape.

3. Turn on the electric shepherd and insert the ground rod of the Olli-Digitester tester into the ground at a distance of 1 m from the ground pole. Touch the terminal of the tester to the ground pole or ground terminal of the electric shepherd. The voltage value will be shown on the display.

If the tester reads more than 300 V (0.3 kV), the ground is weak. The reason may be too dry soil, rusty or too short earth pole, insufficient number of earth poles.

Checking the health of the electric shepherd

Checking the electric shepherd with an Olli Digitester or Supertester tester

1. Disconnect the electric shepherd from the fence.

2. Using an Olli tester, measure the voltage between the terminals of the electric shepherd.

3. Connect the power of the electric shepherd

4. Touch the tester to the terminals of the electric shepherd: with the grounding rod of the tester - the grounding terminals of the shepherd; the second terminal of the tester is the “+” terminal of the electric shepherd, marked with a “lightning” sign.

Depending on the model of the electric shepherd, the tester should show a voltage of 4000-10,000 volts (Digitester: 1 kV = 1000 volts).

(If you are using the new Olli electric shepherd, the Digitester tester terminal will not fit into the electric shepherd's red button terminal. In this case, attach a piece of tape to the shepherd and measure the voltage on the tape.)

Electric fence for year-round use

Electric fence operation under normal conditions:

The animal touches the ground and the conductor of the electric fence at the same time = receives a slight electric shock

Regular hedge in winter

ATTENTION! Snow is a good insulator. Since the ground is covered with snow, the animal does not come into contact with the ground = does not receive an electric shock

To build a winter electric fence, there are two reasonable solutions:

• Fence - “double contact”
• Winter ribbon hedge

To build it, you can use: Olli winter tape or Olli tape of the “thick board” type

winter ribbon

Tape type "thick board"

Fence - “double contact”

winter ribbon

Verify the normal operation of the winter fence with a tester

Cut the ground wire in front of the metal connector