Frame panel house. Frame panel houses. Fundamentals of construction technology. How to assemble a panel house yourself

The construction of frame-panel houses is gaining immense popularity.

Basically, this technology is used to build prefabricated one-story houses with a gable roof or a small extension to the house.

Panel panels are produced according to a standard project at the factory or can be manufactured independently.

Frame-panel houses are easy to build with your own hands - during the construction of the house, the panels are simply connected to each other.

In this case, Finnish and Canadian construction technologies are used, the only difference is which frame is used - wooden or metal.

Very often, frame-panel construction technology is used for summer cottages.

A do-it-yourself garden house with a veranda is a great option - it's fast and inexpensive.

A frame extension to the house can still be built, and if the choice is made specifically in favor of this method of building houses, then you need to know the pros and cons that the frame-panel construction has.

Advantages and disadvantages

Main advantages:

• the low weight of the entire structure allows you to save on the construction of the foundation;
• construction speed - construction period is 3-6 months;
• the design does not need shrinkage;
• high resistance to earthquakes;
• environmental friendliness of the material;
• low cost;
• such houses, subject to all the rules, have a fourth degree of fire resistance.

Now consider the disadvantages of frame-panel houses for summer cottages.

Cons of this design:

• prefabricated prefabricated buildings are short-lived, their warranty period is 75 years, but with proper operation, the period can reach 100 years;
• number of floors - the design does not allow building more than two floors;
• the impossibility of redevelopment - prefabricated frame-panel houses cannot be replanned. For redevelopment, a complete disassembly of the house will be required;
• use of special equipment for mounting panels.

Where to start building?

If a decision is made to build a frame-panel house, then you need to know all the stages and construction technology, especially when building with your own hands. So how to build a frame-panel house with your own hands?

First of all, a house project is required - it can be done independently or with the help of specialists. When drawing up a project, it is necessary to determine the number of floors.

Having finished designing the house, you need to move on to choosing the location of the structure. When choosing a location, consider the type of soil and groundwater level.

The advantages of frame-panel houses can also be added to the fact that silt and filler soil are suitable for their construction.

It is possible, without changing the landscape, to change, for example, the basement area or change the landscape by arranging a platform or terrace.

Construction stages

The construction technology of frame-panel houses is as follows:

• foundation;
• wall installation;
• roofing;
• external and internal finishing works;
• carrying out all engineering communications.

Foundation types

Prefabricated prefabricated frame-shield structures are lightweight, so they do not require a powerful foundation. You can make a screw pile foundation, columnar or shallow tape.

The type of foundation depends on the type of soil and the number of floors of the structure.

For a one-story structure, a columnar foundation is suitable, which is easy to build with your own hands, and such a foundation is also great for poor soil.

For the construction of a columnar foundation, it is necessary to make recesses in the soil with a diameter of 25 cm and a depth of 1 meter with a drill, asbestos pipes must be inserted into the finished pits, and the space around them must be filled with crushed stone and sand, and the pipe holes must be filled with cement mortar.

If a garden house with a veranda is being built for a summer residence, then a foundation must also be organized under the veranda.

No less common is a screw pile foundation, which can also be done by hand.

The technology of the strip foundation is traditional - with pouring with cement mortar.

After the installation of a columnar and pile foundation, a strapping is needed, for which you will need a beam of 150 * 150 mm, 200 * 200 mm, 200 * 250 mm.

Before laying the timber, it is necessary to cover the piles with mastic and roofing material in two layers. The beam is laid along the perimeter of the base and fastened with nails, the corner joints are fixed with steel corners.

The strapping is attached to the base with screws. You need to lay a board on it, blocking the joints.

Now you need to make a draft floor, for this, logs from a bar are laid at a distance of 60 cm from each other, and a heater is laid between them.

From above, the logs are covered with a vapor barrier film, and then boards are attached to them with nails. If a garden house with a veranda is being built for a summer residence, then the upper and lower logs must be extended.

Having finished the foundation and the draft floor, you can proceed to the installation of the frame.

Installation of walls and roofs

Consider a wooden frame, which requires a board 150 * 50 and 200 * 50 - first you need to install the corner posts and secure with metal corners of increased fixation.

Then install the remaining racks, fixing with corners, to prevent loosening of the frame, it is recommended to make jibs.

In the corners, the timber can be fixed with a punch, and in other places with metal corners. The corners themselves are fixed with self-tapping screws. After the wooden frame is ready, you can install the shields.

Shields are prefabricated elements that can be ordered at the factory or made by hand.

They are made by drilling a beam along the edges and one in the middle for strength - this will be the basis of the shield, which must be filled with mineral wool and covered with OSB sheet on top.

This is how sandwich panels are obtained, with which a frame-panel structure is erected with their own hands.

When mounting the walls, you can immediately carry out communications, as they are hidden in the walls using metal or corrugated pipes.

Ceiling beams are attached in three ways:

• cutting method;
• use of perforated brackets;
• use of metal corners.

The choice of method depends on the place of attachment. The beams are attached to the strapping beam with self-tapping screws.

The next stage in the construction of a frame-panel house is the installation of a roof.

First you need to install the rafters and fasten them with nails, and for greater reliability and boards.

After fixing the central rafters, the ridge board is laid. Then a crate is made of edged boards, after which the roofing material is laid.

If a garden house with a veranda is being built, then it is necessary to make an extension of the roof.

Finishing work

Now you need to perform the insulation of the frame-panel structure, for this various materials can be used, for example, slag, mineral wool, foam plastic and expanded clay.

The highest quality insulation will be made of mineral wool and foam.

Before starting the insulation, it is necessary to lay the waterproofing between the insulation and the outer wall. It is recommended to do both external and internal insulation.

External insulation is made with mineral wool, on which foam plastic is attached, and internal insulation is performed with mineral wool and drywall.

The gaps in the walls must be filled with mounting foam. Insulation is required for all building elements: floors, roofs, ceilings, walls.

If a garden frame-panel house is being built, then it is enough to make internal insulation, since the house is not intended for year-round use.

Having completed the insulation of the house, you can proceed to the exterior. To do this, you can use various materials: false timber, lining, metal siding and many other materials.

Before external finishing, it is necessary to make a lathing of the walls using bars or a metal profile. All finishing work can be easily done by hand.

It is quite possible to build a panel house with your own hands, but it should be remembered that all steps must be followed and completed in stages. Panel construction does not take much time, since the frame is assembled from ready-made panels (SIP panels), in which windows and doors are already built, and involves the following steps.

The first step is to think about a reliable and solid foundation. A solid foundation is not required for a panel building; an ordinary pile foundation is also suitable. Under the piles, you need to mark places at intervals of 1 meter and you can start digging a trench. The trench is dug around the entire perimeter of the future house, as well as where it is supposed to place the load-bearing elements. After marking, wells are made and piles are installed - any anti-corrosion pipes. The entire space near the pipes is covered with sand and rammed, and a solution based on cement and crushed stone is poured into the pipes themselves.

Also, panel houses can be built on the basis of a reinforced concrete foundation (slab platform). In this case, a layer of sand and gravel is first poured, then a thin layer of concrete comes, and only then reinforcement is made with rods. Next, the formwork is attached and the entire foundation is poured with cement.

As an option, you can also consider a columnar or shallow strip foundation. In any case, its type and parameters depend on the presence of groundwater and its level, the soil itself and its resistance to temperature changes, the estimated total weight of the house.

The shields are assembled with each other quite simply, you just need to decide on the methods of fastening, one of the most reliable are thorn-groove and cutting connections, staples and screws are also used. In addition, seams and joints are additionally fixed with special plates, corners and connectors. Such fasteners can be fixed with nails, anchors or bolts. The walls are mounted on a flat, even surface (to avoid shifts and distortions), and then installed in finished form. At this stage, it is very important to consider the future height of the ceiling - a wall height above 2.5 m is a good choice. If you take a smaller distance, then it is likely that after all the decorative and finishing work, the ceiling will seem very low and create a feeling of pressure.

Before installing the log on the floor, it is better to lay some kind of insulating material such as roofing felt. After the logs are installed, the floor is covered with prepared rough unedged boards, and a beam is additionally attached around the entire perimeter of the house - it will serve as the basis for future flooring. To prevent premature damage to the front of the floor, you can turn the boards to the reverse side during construction - this way you keep their presentation, and to avoid shifts, grab them a little with nails. After the completion of the main draft work, the floor can be covered with finishing boards, which must first be treated with special antiseptic solutions that prevent mold, fungus and decay.

After installing the frame, the walls must be sheathed. For example, inside this can be done with OSV slabs - this material does an excellent job of supporting the walls and helps to avoid the use of additional beams in the construction. It is necessary to start sheathing from a corner moving towards the center; sheathing plates are often fastened with screws. You can sheathe the house from the inside with drywall and wooden clapboard - both will look aesthetically pleasing and quite organic.

For wall cladding on the outside, you can use siding or a block house, finishing plaster and facade tiles. So that the dew point after the end of the work could not shift towards the residential premises, it is necessary to correctly calculate its displacement, otherwise the appearance of condensate and, as a result, mold and fungus, in the house will be inevitable.

If the construction is carried out with your own hands, then by the number of roof slopes it would be better to limit yourself to a maximum of two. The rafters can be attached directly to the frame of the house itself, and if additional attic insulation is planned, then they will need to be placed in increments that will correspond in width to the thickness of the insulation. The thickness of the bars for the rafters is better to choose the standard 150x50 or 70 mm. After that, the next layers will be:

- vapor barrier layer;

- counter-lattice and crate;

- waterproofing layer;

- direct roofing material.

In particular, thanks to the counter-lattice, free air circulation between the crate and the rafters is ensured. As a roofing material, you can choose shingles, slate or any other material to your liking.

For insulation, the use of basalt or mineral slabs, as well as expanded polystyrene, is very popular. In the walls, the insulation is laid from the inside of the house between the vertical beams and closed with a vapor barrier layer, and then with OSV boards or drywall (which is sometimes considered as a finished wall covering). You can use several options at once - first lay mineral wool, and lay polystyrene foam on top of it. All slots are sealed with mounting foam to avoid heat loss.

Roof insulation occurs in almost the same way - the heat-insulating material is laid between the rafters or ceilings and covered with the selected vapor barrier material.

Separately, it should be noted that for high-quality insulation, it is necessary to give preference to plates, since this form of laying insulation materials is quite rigid and less prone to deformation.

It is not recommended to use home-made materials and polyethylene films for vapor barrier, it would be better to spend a little money and purchase a special factory vapor barrier film - it has a slightly different structure and more layers. It must also be remembered that vapor barrier is made only from the inside of the panel house and only on the insulation layer.

If you plan to work with the basement space, then you will need to worry about the construction of the blind area, which in the future will become the basis for the walls of the basement. The dimensions of the basement will depend on the length of the piles laid when pouring the foundation, sometimes this distance can be only 30-40 cm.

For the construction of the blind area, the surface ball of soil is removed within 25 cm. The width of the blind area is planned independently, the only condition will be that it captures all the piles that stand at the edges. Formwork is installed outside and inside - outside it is mounted from boards, inside its role can be performed by previously excavated earth.

At the very bottom of the resulting ditch, fine gravel is laid out, which is poured with hot bitumen. The waterproofing layer is ready. You can pour cement mortar over it - the same one that was used to fill the foundation.

After 12-15 days, you can start building the brick base itself. When laying the walls, one should not forget about ventilation holes with a diameter of 15x15 cm - after finishing work, it will be necessary to put a mesh or a metal fine grate in them.

Since the windows are already pre-mounted in the panel panels, you just have to choose the right double-glazed windows. And if you plan to use a frame-panel house for permanent residence, then it would be better to choose reliable and durable triple-glazed windows with additional sealing.

External decorative finishing of the walls of a panel house can be done with clapboard, unusual siding or exclusive sandwich panels. Vinyl decorative plasterboard is suitable for interior decoration. Important - all finishing work should be carried out after the completion of the main processes, in particular, after laying and fixing insulation, hydro and vapor barrier materials.

Special attention should be paid to electrical wiring. If it is planned to lay it openly, then this issue can be dealt with after the completion of construction work, but if it is closed, then the laying of such communications should be thought out already at the stage of arranging the foundation of the house. However, we note that skillfully laid open electrical wiring (possible in boxes) will always cost less and be a safer option.

What is useful for shield construction?

Before starting work, it would be better to make an approximate list of materials and tools that you will use during the construction of the house. It might look like this:

- edged and unedged boards;

- concrete mixer;

- lining / siding / other finishing material for external walls;

- slate / tile / ondulin / other roofing material;

- shield panels;

- mineral / basalt wool or polystyrene foam or any other insulation;

- waterproofing materials;

- antiseptic solutions;

- nails, screws, channel, pipes, corners;

- electric jigsaw and circular saw;

- building level;

- pliers, screwdriver, hammer, nail puller, hacksaw, ax;

- roulette.

Of course, the list can be extended, modified and adjusted to your tastes and needs.

A little more about how to build a panel house, see the video.

New technologies help to solve the housing problem, which is acute for the population. One of them is the technology of frame-panel construction. It is possible to build a frame-panel house in a short time and cheaper than houses from other materials - bricks, blocks.

Features, pros and cons of wooden construction

Houses based on the construction of a frame and the installation of insulated shields have become popular for a long time. Over the course of four centuries, technology has improved, natural materials have been replaced by more modern, synthetic ones that are not subject to decay or deterioration. In Finland and Canada, the advantages of frame-panel houses have long been appreciated, and in our country, the spread of such buildings is proceeding quite quickly.

How is the construction going?

Construction begins with a study of the soil. This is necessary in order to choose the right foundation. It is best if the soil consists of a sandy-stone mixture. A house built on such a site practically does not shrink, and a simple foundation is suitable for it. It can be columnar, pile or notched, not buried.

If the soil is clayey or made of fine sandstone, the foundation must be made more reliable - best of all, tape, with sand cushioning and reinforcement installation.

After the foundation is made, and some time has passed for shrinkage, the floor or walls can be erected. What you build first is up to you. The floor can be made of wood or filler.

We build a frame from a dry beam, taking a step of no more than 1 meter. We strengthen the corners, put vertical racks, between them - horizontal spacers. We strengthen the entire structure with slopes. Mark in advance the place in the frame where the windows and doors will be, and bypass these places.

We fasten all the beams together with a screwdriver, using self-tapping screws. Use metal corners and plates, which will make the design more reliable.

The frame is installed on the strapping, which is a bar or board fixed to the foundation with anchor bolts. Bolts must be laid during the pouring of the foundation.

Between the foundation and the strapping, it is necessary to lay a waterproofing layer - at least roofing material.

After the wall frame is ready, we make the upper trim, connecting all the walls into a single structure. Let's start building the roof frame. The roof frame is made based on the type of roof (single-pitched, gable, plucked) and the type of truss system.

The shields are a structure of OSB boards, between which there is a heater, a vapor barrier, a waterproofer. Such slabs can be made independently using OSB slabs, insulation materials and timber from which the slab walls are made. The beam also provides ventilation to the house.

If you want to know how much it costs to build a panel house, read ours.

Advantages of wood construction

Frame-panel house with a brick-like finish

You will find reviews from real home owners.

The disadvantages of frame builders that they don’t talk about ...

In any construction, you can find its drawbacks, and frame-panel houses are no exception. Brick houses are expensive, block houses are expensive to operate and build. What are the disadvantages of panel houses?

1. Technology failure. Unfortunately, the biggest disadvantage of building frame houses is the general non-compliance with construction technology. In pursuit of profit, firms simply skip some stages of construction. I have seen houses where the frame was placed without strapping - directly on the foundation, without insulation - as a result of which the wood began to rot after a couple of seasons. Also, developers often do not pay attention to the ventilation of the walls, which leads to the creation of a pair effect in the house. The house becomes like a thermos in which there is no air movement. It is hard to breathe in such a house, it is too stuffy in summer. In addition, condensate settles on the walls and insulation, the walls are destroyed from the inside. There is fungus and mold. In order to save money, boards or timber are used wet, which begin to twist out, losing moisture, after the construction of the frame. If the interior decoration has already been done, there are cracks along the walls.
2. The second minus is the short life of the house compared to brick or block. Of course, such houses, if they were built according to all technologies, can stand for 100 years, but the life of thermal insulation is on average 30 years. And after this period, the house is rapidly losing quality.

Important: the quality of the house also depends on environmental conditions, and they must be taken into account during construction. If your area experiences heavy snowfall, the roof should be sharper and more reinforced; in the presence of frequent rains 0 pay attention to additional protection of walls and roofs.

How to decide on a project

So, you are already ripe for buying or building a frame panel house, and the first thing to start with is choosing a project. Of course, I would like to say that you can choose any project of your choice, but the reality is that initially we determine how much we can allocate for construction or how much money the bank will give us on credit. You can calculate the cost of your panel house by reading our article. Based on the amount received, we will choose a project. If the amount is very small, pay attention to standard economy class projects.

Important: when choosing a house project, pay attention to neighboring houses. Your panel-frame house will look much better if it harmonizes with the already erected houses in the neighborhood.

Economy class panel houses are most often small one-story houses that can accommodate 2-4 people. Despite the fact that such houses are considered simple and inexpensive, engineers are trying to make them more diverse, offering options with verandas, small balconies and other architectural solutions.

What should you pay attention to when choosing a panel house project?

1. Number of future tenants and rooms. Everyone should be comfortable, so it would be ideal to have one room per person.
2. If the house is two-story, it is better to have two separate bathrooms. node.
3. If guests often come to you, think about the guest room.
4. Do you need a veranda, garage, sauna or other outbuilding?
5. How will the house be heated? Will it be convenient to lay pipes to the well? Where will the septic tank be located in the yard?

When choosing a project, it is better to consult with professional architects who will offer the perfect solution just for you.

A frame-panel house is chosen due to its relative cheapness, speed of construction and the possibility of settling immediately after construction. After all, wall decoration is not required, it is enough to connect communications and you can start living. At the same time, to build a house from SIP panels, special equipment is not needed. You can manage on your own.

The frame house is also assembled on site from prefabricated elements. All the necessary building materials are delivered to the construction site, it is enough to assemble them like a designer.

But, in order to further reduce the cost of building such a house, frame-panel elements can be made independently. Of course, this will require excellent construction skills, because the slightest error in measurements can lead to the distortion of the entire building.

The correct arrangement of the foundation is the key to the reliability of the entire building

Where does the construction of a house begin? Of course, from the foundation device! But how to choose the best foundation for your home, so that the reliability of the building does not suffer, and not overpay?

Types of foundations - their advantages and disadvantages

So, there are only three options for foundations, all the rest are their variations:

• tape;
• columnar;
• pile or pile-screw.

For heavy buildings, this is the best option, besides, your basement will never be superfluous. But this is also the most expensive option, because you have to take care of proper waterproofing, and the amount of poured concrete is directly proportional to the depth of the foundation.

The columnar foundation is the most economical and easiest to do with your own hands. Even a novice builder will cope with it without the use of complex and expensive equipment. Shallow foundations are suitable for non-rocky and weakly rocky soils and light buildings.

Otherwise, the depth of the foundation must also be below the level of soil freezing.

The foundation on piles is a universal option. A flat area is not needed - the piles themselves are set according to the level. The house can even be placed on a slope, which significantly reduces construction costs. But for driving or screwing piles, you will have to use special equipment.

The device of the columnar foundation - how not to make unforgivable mistakes

So, the choice fell on the simplest and most economical version of the foundation - columnar. But here it is important not to sell too cheap, otherwise it will be very difficult to correct mistakes in the future. For example, in no case should poles be placed simply on a concrete platform!

In just a season, such a “foundation” will unevenly go into the ground, warping the entire house.

Foundation steps:

Even larch timber in such conditions will begin to rot. Without fail, roofing material is laid under the tree in several layers.

According to SNiPs, the foundation board of the grillage must be fixed to the foundation with anchors with a diameter of 12 mm or more. To do this, the anchors are first embedded in the poles, and holes of the desired diameter are drilled in the boards. So that the wooden grillage does not rot, the anchor bolts are treated with bitumen along with the foundation pillars.

Laying and warming the floor - what you need to know

The lower harness is mounted on the grillage. The floor logs are laid on the support bars and can be cut into the strapping beam or attached to it with metal corners from the inside.

Without a basement, special attention should be paid to floor insulation, otherwise the cold air blown from the basement will significantly worsen living conditions. And in order for the insulation to serve for a long time, it must be well isolated from moisture.

How not to confuse waterproofing with vapor barrier and what it will lead to

The waterproofing film is water- and vapour-tight on both sides. That is why it is believed that it should be on the outside and protect the insulation from the effects of the external environment. But in this case, excess moisture will condense in the insulation, worsening its properties. The optimal way out is a vapor-permeable wind insulation that does not let moisture through from the outside, but evaporates it from the inside.

The vapor barrier also protects the insulation from the ingress of vapors generated inside the building. It should be laid on the inside close to the insulation. But in the case of the floor, everything is not so simple, because the water will not evaporate down, settling just on the vapor barrier laid on the insulation.

That is why the vapor barrier is laid on the floor over the insulation with a mandatory ventilation gap between the insulation and the floor boards, which allows moisture to evaporate.

The choice of insulation and laying technology

But how to choose a heater? Of course, the main criterion will always be the price and availability in a particular region. If the choice is quite diverse, you can compare the advantages and disadvantages of the most popular of them:

• sawdust - a natural and often cheap insulation, but requiring antiseptic treatment and caking over time;
• expanded clay is a natural and in some areas cheap insulation, but heavy and hygroscopic;
• vermiculite is a natural heat-intensive material that does not retain moisture, but is still quite heavy;
• ecowool - consists of recycled materials, does not contain harmful additives, but also cakes over time;
• mineral heaters are hygroscopic, which requires increased attention to waterproofing, but are easy to install;
• Styrofoam is non-hygroscopic and very light material, but practically airtight, which does not allow you to create a "breathing" atmosphere in the house.

Mounting the walls of a frame-panel house without special equipment

The main thing is to guess with the weather and not start building during the rainy season.

DIY shield assembly

A frame house can be built in two ways - to sheathe and insulate an already finished frame, or to first assemble individual elements and only then install them. The first method is suitable for small buildings - verandas, enclosed gazebos and outbuildings. If large-scale construction is envisaged, it is much easier to assemble a house from pre-prepared walls.

For this you need:

Installing walls on the bottom trim

Finished frames are lifted and screwed to the beams of the bottom trim. First, two opposite walls are installed, then the remaining ones. You can manage on your own, the main thing is to attract more helpers.

After that, you can begin to assemble the internal partitions.

For clarity, the video shows the assembly of the walls of a frame house and their installation in turn:

Panel house roof

It is important not to forget that the beams of the upper trim must overlap the junctions and the corners of the junction - otherwise, the entire structure may loosen in the future. And already on the upper harness, you can install a truss system and lay a roofing.

The choice of roofing material

For a frame house, you should choose lightweight materials - this will allow you not to strengthen the frame of the walls and the foundation, which will significantly reduce the cost of construction. So, frame-panel houses look great with:

• metal tile;
• seam roof;
• corrugated board;
• bituminous tiles;
• euroslate.

Metal tiles and corrugated board are quite easy to install, but quite noisy in the rain. And if in the house, thanks to a good layer of insulation, this is almost imperceptible, then being, for example, in an adjoining gazebo during a summer shower is not very comfortable. Seam roofing is one of the most reliable, but rather difficult to install.

And since it is also assembled from metal elements, its disadvantages are the same as those of the previous options.

Bituminous tiles, also called soft, look very attractive, but require a continuous crate. Even a non-specialist can handle the installation, but this work is quite painstaking.

But euroslate can be an excellent option for the roof of a frame house. It is light and durable, stacked in sheets, does not require special skills during installation and can be mounted on a sparse crate.

Installation of a gable roof truss system

There are two options for collecting truss supports - directly on the wall, if the interfloor ceiling is ready, or on the ground and then lifting them up. The latter option is useful if there is no interfloor overlap yet.

What you need to know when installing the truss system:

It is necessary to insulate the roof only in the case of a residential building there. Otherwise, it will be good enough to insulate the attic floor. But if the attic is planned to be residential, the floor is not insulated.

It is possible to lay insulation in the under-roofing space from the outside, if the roofing has not yet been laid, or from the inside. The first option is somewhat simpler - the insulation does not need to be raised above you. But balancing on the roof is quite difficult, so the choice here is exclusively individual.

With insufficient ventilation under the roofing, the condensate will not evaporate, but will begin to settle and, as a result, the roof elements will collapse. Therefore, it is mandatory to leave a ventilation gap between the waterproofing and the roof. The waterproofing itself also does not always fit close to the insulation - here you need to follow the manufacturer's recommendations. From the inside, the insulation protects the vapor barrier layer.

It is necessary not to forget to glue the joints and puncture points of the insulating film with a special butyl rubber tape. It provides the necessary tightness, which significantly extends the life of the insulation.

Thus, building a frame-panel house with your own hands is a difficult job, but it is quite within the power of a confident builder. If the necessary skills are not yet available, it is better to try your hand at building a smaller scale. For example, a gazebo or garage would be a great start!

Today, many people are interested in the possibility of self-construction of houses. Why build a house with your own hands? Firstly, it will not be so inexpensive, and secondly, rare companies will be able to build a house "as for themselves." In this situation, the technology of building a panel house will come to your aid. Such a house requires a minimum of funds, effort and time. Among the main advantages are low cost, the ability to work even in winter, environmental friendliness, high energy savings, the possibility of architectural expressiveness, short construction times, high performance, fire safety, as well as building a house without construction equipment.

The concept of panel building

Panel construction is the construction of houses from flat components with a reinforcing finish. For example, in Canada, people personally take part in the construction of their own home. This happens as follows: the family hires a specialist who controls all stages of work and manages the construction. All construction operations are carried out by future homeowners. The population of this country lives a sedentary life, therefore, in the process of construction, they try to convey to their home "a piece of the soul."

The right technology for the construction of panel houses can greatly facilitate the work and minimize the requirements for the number and qualifications of builders. You can resort to the help of professional companies, but now it is quite difficult to find a company that has been operating for more than 50 years. If you decide to build a panel house with your own hands, you must clearly follow all the stages and construction technologies.

Design

The first thing you need is design. You can do this work yourself or entrust it to architects. You can easily cope with this task if you learn to master architectural programs. The most popular free program is Google SketchUp.

For this process, it is better to involve all family members so that the house turns out to be as comfortable and convenient as possible for everyone. It is extremely difficult to redo the project after construction, the cost of building a panel house after changing the project is high, so it is better to resolve these issues at the beginning.

Think about neighboring houses in advance so that your house harmoniously fits into the surrounding world. Decide on the floors and the size of the site. Be sure to consider all systems of power supply, ventilation, water supply, sewerage and heating. The size and number of rooms will also depend on these factors. For example, you may need a separate room for a boiler room. You may need sanitary systems http://www.ecosan.ru/

Location selection

When you choose a place to build a structure, be sure to take into account the structure of the soil, communication routes and the level of groundwater. Panel houses have the advantage that weak soils (silty, filler) can also be used during construction.

As a rule, panel house projects are designed for a flat area. But it rarely happens that the plots fully comply with all parameters. You can link the project to the features of the area and, without changing the landscape, change the underground and basement of the house. Or you can change the terrain by creating a platform or terracing.

Tools and materials

Before you start building a panel house with your own hands, you need to acquire all the necessary materials and tools. Clearly determine how much material, and in what proportions, will be required for the roof, foundation, walls, and for each subsequent stage of construction.

We list the main tools for effective and not too tiring work. You will need: a circular saw, an electric jigsaw, a regular or laser level, a metal square, a hammer of 500 grams and 1 kilogram, large tongs, a screwdriver with two 19V batteries, a hand saw, a nail puller, a tape measure of 3 and 7 meters, a medium ax and small light. You can purchase special books that will help you easily cope with the choice of tools and all stages of construction yourself.

Planning

The shield technology for building houses is that first it is necessary to assemble the primary structures. As a rule, this is done in special workshops. In the carpentry workshop, the base for the frames of the required length is cut, after which it is fixed with brackets, screws or nails.

The basis for the frame is the upper and lower horizontal parts. Between them, vertical supports are installed so that they are at a distance of 62.5 or 81.5 centimeters from each other. It turns out that in this way you can build walls of any length. Openings for windows and doors can be defined anywhere. The planning of a panel house does not depend at all on the gap between the vertical supports of the frame.

The timber frame will bear all the vertical loads of the structure that may arise due to its own weight and the associated transverse loads. If you want to protect the walls from the effects of the wind, it is worth watching a video on the construction of a panel house and strengthening the structure's sheathing. This task can be performed by finishing the frame over the entire area. In this case, you can use plywood, board with a special direction of the chip or chipboard. Thus, the external decoration of the walls will be not only durable, but also protected from external influences.

Foundation construction

Since the structures of panel houses are quite light, a not very deep foundation can be used. You can use the foundation in the form of a monolithic slab or tape. First you need to dig a trench of the required size to a depth of about 2 meters. The depth level may depend on climatic conditions.

After leveling the trench, it is necessary to install formwork, which is made of edged boards according to the width of the trench, while the height should be at least forty centimeters above the upper edge of the trench. To prepare the formwork, you will need a grade 1 or 3 edged board 3.4-6 meters long and 20-25 millimeters thick, nails 70-80 millimeters and a bar with a section of 50x50 millimeters.

When everything is ready, brick, broken slate, stones, etc. must be placed at the bottom of the trench. In this case, the layer thickness should not exceed 1/3 of the trench depth. Then the surface is covered with a layer of sand about 20 centimeters and all this is poured with water. When the water comes down, it is necessary to fill up the sand again and pour everything with water.

This procedure can be performed about 3-5 times. It will depend on how the sand is removed. If its level practically does not change, this means that all spaces are filled, so you can start making the frame. To do this, you can use fittings, a channel, pipes, a corner, etc. To prepare a foundation mortar, the following components will be required: fine gravel, water, M-500 cement and sand.

If you want to prepare a concrete solution, you will need a concrete mixer. The ideal proportions of the components will be as follows: sand - 75 kilograms, cement - 25 kilograms, gravel - 125 kilograms, water - 12-13 liters. If the concrete mixer is designed for a smaller volume, you can recalculate the components. The prepared mixture is poured into the trench and compacted. Try to correctly calculate the proportions of the composition, so as not to throw extra money down the drain.

wall construction

After creating the foundation, you can proceed to the construction of the walls of the frame house and the construction of the building. First of all, it is necessary to make an insulating substrate from roofing material. This material is the simplest and most inexpensive. The roofing material is carefully laid between the surfaces of the foundation from the embedded beam. After completing the work on waterproofing the foundation, you can proceed to laying the foundation of the walls.

A hole is drilled at the place of the future fastening, after which a dry wood pin, called a dowel, is driven in at the joints of the timber. This is done for the rigidity of the beam connection. It is necessary to make sure that the dowel enters the desired hole with an interference fit. Such a connection can be used as a corner or for cutting a wall.

The base for the frame is built in height, which should be equal to the height of two bars. According to the construction technology of a frame-panel house, after laying the embedded beams, it is necessary to make a cut in the upper beam about half the beam. Remember that the width of the sample must be equal to the width of the beam defined for the racks. At the same time, keep in mind that the number of seats should be equal to the number of racks.

Then the racks, sawn to the size of the proper height, are inserted into the holes and fixed with an inclined support - a bracket that connects the two frame nodes. When the installation of all racks is completed, it is necessary to fix the upper beam with pre-cut holes. Next, the upper ends of the racks are inserted into the grooves.

Please note that the distance between the grooves should be equal to the distance of the holes made on the lower (mortgage) timber. Be sure to check the absence of inclination and skew by using the building level and plumb line. After that, racks are attached with the help of jibs, and temporary jibs are removed from the boards.

Next, it is necessary to fix the longitudinal jumpers from the timber according to the same method - a hole in the hole, but collecting them together by means of simple building nails with a length of at least 100 millimeters. Only after these steps, you can proceed to the sheathing of the outer wall without boarding up the openings of windows and doors.

outdoor work

For panel houses, there are several options for external wall decoration. You can buy metal or vinyl siding. Vinyl siding will not heat up quickly in the sun, while metal siding can be coated with an anti-corrosion protective layer. Recently, panel houses are often finished with a block house. Walls made of this material look like round logs and are not blown through.

Due to the lock connection, it will be very easy to do the installation of this material. After the installation is completed, the panels are covered with a protective composition against fire, due to which the service life of the material will be longer. You can use panels that imitate timber. As a rule, they are made from high-quality, well-dried wood.

In the process of building a frame-panel house, you can use decorative plaster, which has an increased service life. Using a decorative coating, you can achieve a wide variety of results, even imitation of stone walls. Another way of finishing is an artificial stone.

Do not forget about lining, the most affordable and simple option for finishing panel houses. But it is subject to moisture, so after a while it will be necessary to make a constriction. You can use a combination of different types of finishes that will look very nice. Regardless of the appearance, any exterior finish will require maintenance and updating of the protective coating at certain intervals.

When connecting the outer skin, it is necessary to be extremely careful so that later you do not have to redo it all over again. To do this, fixing the sheets starts from the corner and continues in a circle. After that, you can lay the finishing floor and insert windows and doors.

Internal work

Various materials are used to insulate walls. You can use boiler slag, mineral wool, expanded clay or foam. The best quality insulation materials are mineral wool and polystyrene. Slag and expanded clay are used at winter temperatures not lower than 20°C. Before the walls are insulated, a waterproofing layer is laid, which is placed between the insulation material and the outer wall.

You can use a film, but it is best to take parchment paper according to the panel house construction technology. It should be cut into strips of the required sizes, fixed to the wall using slats, and fixed “sheet to sheet” so that there are no gaps. If you choose mineral wool for insulation, the work will go very quickly and efficiently.

Mineral wool is attached to the walls of the structure with the help of bars with a section of 15x20 centimeters. In this case, it is desirable to fill the bars vertically. At the joints of the slabs, it is recommended to fill the bars, which are wider than those that fasten the mineral wool slabs in the middle.

After the insulation procedure, you can proceed to the inner lining. As is the case with the exterior, the interior also has a lot of options. You can finish the walls with paint, drywall, smooth wood, or art painting. You can finish the walls with a tongue-and-groove board, which, when attached to the frame supports, is located horizontally.

The inner lining of the house should reach the canopy beds so that when the floor is being built, the board does not go under the wall. In this case, if necessary, repair it can be easily replaced. As a floor for a panel house, wooden flooring or parquet is better suited.

Roof installation

The roof of the panel house is installed using traditional methods. As a rule, a rafter system is installed, then a crate is made and waterproofing is carried out, after which the roofing is laid. If there is an attic, a vapor barrier layer must be installed. The roof also needs to be insulated according to the technology of frame-panel houses.

Full installation of the roof includes a list of works on the installation of the roof frame, thermal insulation, waterproofing, vapor barrier, lathing and counter lathing, the installation of other roofing accessories. The start of roofing work is determined by the choice of roofing and with the configuration of the roof. When choosing a roof, pay attention to the purpose of the building. If you will make a roof of metal tiles, in this case the crate will not be required, since the sheets of this material are quite rough and hard.

To fix this type of roof, self-tapping screws are used. The sheets are applied to the base in such a way that the edge of the sheet is 40 millimeters below the eaves. Thanks to this installation, a gap will form, which is necessary for ventilation. Any roof covering has its advantages, disadvantages and installation methods.

Installation of utilities

Installing engineering communications on your own is a rather difficult matter. It will not be easy for an ordinary person to cope with this, so we recommend resorting to the help of specialists. But if you decide to do it yourself, first you need to carefully watch the video on the construction of frame-panel houses and familiarize yourself with the "Electrical Installation Rules".

This extensive set of documents describes in detail all the stages and features of the production of electrical work. After that, you need to contact the local energy supply authorities and obtain technical conditions for connecting the house to the district's power system. Approximately the same must be done when conducting a heating system, water supply and sewerage. Still, it is better to do such work under the supervision of a specialist.

Thus, the construction of panel houses is becoming more and more popular every day. This house is beautiful, cozy and comfortable. At the same time, it can be used all year round, provided with the necessary protection and insulation systems. Before you build a panel house, carefully read all the instructions. I wish you success!