When handcuffs appeared in the Soviet police. Use of handcuffs. From clothesline

The date from which the history of handcuffs begins is known. It is 1780 when the British firm Hiatt & Co produced a compact Darby model shackle fitted with a simple snap lock.

The outer part of the bracelets was made in the form of a tube, the side opening of which included a movable arc, which was locked with a spring-loaded tongue.

To "unchain" the criminal, the blacksmith was no longer needed. To do this, a key with an internal thread was inserted into the tube from the bottom side and screwed onto the shank, pulling the latch spring. Darby diameters were standardized, but there was no way to get by with less than three sizes. The police had to have separate "male", separately "female" and separately "children's" bracelets - and try not to make a mistake with the sizes. Handcuffs became truly universal already in the 19th century. In 1862, the American William Adams patented a design with an adjustable diameter: now the movable shackle received teeth and passed through a through window, grasping with a lock. Four years later, Orson Phelps improved the lock and moved the serrations to the inside of the shackle, making the design more compact.

The production of handcuffs according to the patents of Adams and Phelps was established by John Tower, soon supplementing them with small but important innovations: the arms became rounded, and the key hole moved to the edge. This made it easier for the police to lock the lock and made it more difficult for the criminal to “open it”. A latch appeared that did not allow the bracelets to spontaneously tighten, blocking the blood supply to the hands.

End of story

Immobilizing a criminal with Tower handcuffs in real operational conditions was a dangerous task. Before putting them on the wrist, it was necessary to unlock the lock with a key, for which there was not always enough time - and even hands - or to wear them open in advance. But there was only one step left to the ideal, and George Kearney, an engineer of the American company Peerless, made it.

The bracelet here is a double semi-arc, in the lumen of which the movable half rotates, equipped with teeth on the outer side. The lock is located on the inside: a spring-loaded ratchet with teeth is retracted by turning the key.

In 1912, the first model with a through stroke of the movable arc of the bracelet appeared on the market. Without encountering obstacles, it rotates freely in one direction. A simple ratchet mechanism does not let her back. Now the handcuffs were always ready for use. By hitting the movable bow on the criminal's wrist, it starts spinning and makes a full turn, tightly snapping into place. It remains only to tighten.

Peerless 1912 spawned a whole series of imitations and provided the company with a long dominance in the market. It was not until 1970 that it was superseded by Smith & Wesson with their extremely successful 90 and 100 models. With countless clones, they turned out to be the most common in the world - a real Kalashnikov among handcuffs.

Disposable world

In 1992, after a jury acquitted police officers who had beaten black Rodney King for violent behavior, tens of thousands of African Americans took to the streets of Los Angeles. The riot became a serious test for the local police. Metal handcuffs were simply not enough. Ropes, wires ... and disposable plastic cable ties went into action.

The find turned out to be successful, and today hundreds of types of disposable plastic handcuffs are produced. Unlike cable ties, which can be torn apart with a sharp and forceful movement, they are exceptionally reliable.

An important detail of the Peerless handcuffs is the round ledge on the head of the key. It allows you to drown the safety pin on the edge of the lock, block the movement of the ratchet and prevent spontaneous tightening on the hand.

They are made from vulcanized santoprene (TPV) or reinforced nylon 66. According to the standards of the American certificate Mil-S-23190E, their tear strength is not less than 150 kg. You can’t even take them with scissors, for this you will need side cutters. It remains only to patiently saw through the plastic with a suitable abrasive - they say, sometimes this can be done with laces.

It seems that the story of handcuffs is completed. However, life goes on, and as long as a person meets another person, he will have a need to limit his mobility in an increasingly reliable way.

SPECIAL MEANS - according to Russian law, various items, devices, mechanisms, substances and animals intended for use in the course of performing law enforcement and security tasks.

HANDCUFFS- passive action special equipment, made in the form of two rings with locks (bracelets), interconnected, used by law enforcement officers and private security guards to limit the detainee's mobility. Handcuffs are put on the hands and to some extent deprive the detainee of freedom of movement.

The first handcuffs appeared along with the invention of metal, they resembled heavy shackles, had no locks, and were riveted using fire and a hammer. Prior to this, instead of handcuffs, rope and other improvised materials were used to tie hands. The rope and elastic materials had many disadvantages - they could be cut, rubbed, set on fire, stretched. The real revolution in the manufacture of handcuffs occurred in 1912, when Peerless engineers invented a reusable device with a shackle that turned through and allowed the handcuffs to be adjusted to the size of any person's hand. In addition, a ratchet mechanism was used for the first time in handcuffs, the principle of which is based on the fact that the upper shackle of the handcuffs could freely rotate only in one direction, and vice versa only if the ratchet is held by the key. The handcuffs were connected to each other by welded links of a steel chain. Thus, the engineers created a promising design that has survived to this day almost unchanged.

In private security activities today it is allowed to use handcuffs of the following types: "BR-S", "BR-S2", "BCS-1", "BOS". The size of the handcuffs allows them to be used on the largest hand (and even on the ankle!) or on a small hand (in the extreme position, the arms are compressed to an oval with sides of 5 and 4.5 cm). The locking part of the handcuffs allows them to snap into place without the use of a key, as well as to fix the latch from further pinching of the limb. When worn on a belt, a case is used to carry handcuffs.

Brief characteristics of handcuffs:

- BCS-1 "Tenderness-1"- special escort handcuffs. The bracelets are connected to each other with a chain, they have increased stability, withstanding tension with a force of over 1500 N for 30 seconds. Semi-rigid articulated links. Automatic latch. The ratchet mechanism is made with a negative angle of engagement of the teeth (with undercut), which provides work on the principle of "shark tooth". The increased angle of the back sliding plane of the tooth ensures easier snapping, increases the mechanical strength of the engagement and resistance to wear.
- BKS-1 "Prikol"- a kind of handcuffs with a stationary mount to the wall.
- BKS-1 "Bouquet" Designed for 5 people, they are five pairs of "bracelets" fastened together with long chains. Designed to arrest a group of criminals.

- BR-S- operational handcuffs, two-link (complete with one key, fixed in a predetermined position) - the main model of handcuffs that comes into service with employees of private security companies.

BR-S2 "Crab"- operational handcuffs, two-link (with a lock of increased complexity, complete with two keys, fixed in a predetermined position), with large-sized arcs and a latch protruding outwards, which allows you to lock the arcs without using a key, unlike other analogues, at the same time, the fixation is removed when the key is turned in the same direction as for opening. Of the advantages - the latch is divided into two parts and there is a jumper between them in the lock, which makes it impossible to press both latches with something simple like a paper clip. The disadvantage is that the keyhole goes out on both sides, which reduces the resistance to opening.

BR-M- a simplified version of handcuffs without anti-squeeze and latch. The latch is similar to the "Tenderness-1" mechanism. The smallest in size of the chain and the simplest in design, but with the least reliability and secrecy of the lock.

- BOS "Tenderness-2"- special operational handcuffs, with a rigid system for attaching bracelets to each other. The halves of the handcuffs are connected instead of a chain with three metal earrings, which provides a more rigid fixation of the hands. They have anti-squeeze pins and a groove on the arc, a latch that allows you to block further movement of the arc and prevent possible over-tightening.

Ways to use handcuffs are determined in the process of solving specific problems, but most often they are used to shackle hands during the delivery, escort, escort of offenders. To prevent surprise attacks and violent behavior, other, more severe measures that restrict movement may be used, including shackling the legs, arms and torso. Most often, handcuffs are put on the hands, in a position behind the back (when the offender is delivered by transport, the handcuffs are put on in front of the body). Putting on handcuffs occurs, as a rule, after a warning about the use of force and weapons, as well as after painful holds and throws.

Use of handcuffs:

1. Before use, the locking devices of the product must be in their original unlocked state.

2. To put on handcuffs, holding the locking device, apply the sector to the wrist and sharply press the locking device so that the sector turns on the axis by 180 degrees and enters the locking device. Then it is necessary to squeeze the sector in the direction of movement so tightly to exclude the possibility of extracting the hand and excessive squeezing of the wrist, leading to circulatory arrest.

3. Having put on the handcuffs and set the required size (the bracelet should tightly cover the hand, and the hand should turn without difficulty in tightly fixed handcuffs), the locking devices are transferred to a fixed position. To do this: in the handcuffs of the BR, insert the key into the locking device and turn it clockwise; in BR-S handcuffs, the pusher is fixed with the tail part of the key.

4. To remove the handcuffs, the locking devices are moved to the open position with the key. In BR handcuffs, the key is turned counterclockwise twice and, holding it in this position, the semi-bracket with teeth is disengaged from the locking device. In handcuffs BR-S, turn the key first counterclockwise (remove it from the lock), and then clockwise. Also, while holding the key in this position, the semi-bracket is disengaged from the locking device.

Handcuffs can be worn on the opponent in a standing, lying, kneeling position. When putting on handcuffs, regardless of the position of the opponent, it is necessary to observe some basic rules:

Before putting on handcuffs, it is necessary, using forceful measures or the threat of using a weapon, to force the offender to take a position that is convenient for their use and excludes the possibility of a counterattack.

The intruder must be tightly pressed with his chest and stomach to the ground, wall, etc.

To put on handcuffs, the hands are alternately wound behind the back, and they are subjected to pain.

When putting on handcuffs, it is necessary that the locking device adjoins the inner surface of the wrist, and the sector rotates in such a direction as to exclude the possibility of it catching on clothing or the body.

Putting on handcuffs, you must be on the side of the offender, out of reach of the legs. It is dangerous to handcuff only one hand of the detainee while holding the other in his hand, as he can use this position to strike.

For a more reliable restriction of movement, the following apply: hand positions when handcuffing:

Hands behind the back, hands one above the other,

Hands behind the back, hands pressed one to the other with the back side.

Operate handcuffs it is possible at a temperature from - 30 to + 40 °C. The product must be stored in a package in a closed room with an air temperature of +5 C to +40 C and a relative humidity of not more than 80%. It is recommended to periodically clean and lubricate the handcuffs according to the manufacturer's instructions. It is recommended to store the product in dry warehouses. Joint storage of the product with acids, alkalis and other substances that are aggressive towards metals should be avoided. During operation, one should take into account the degree of rigidity of the structure and the reliability of fixing each type of handcuffs, determined by the type of locks and connecting devices between the bracelets.

The right to use special equipment by private security guards arises only to suppress crimes against the property they protect in the event that the offender provides physical resistance, which should be expressed in real actions that can prevent his detention. The use by a security guard of special means in excess of his powers, extreme necessity or necessary defense entails liability established by law.

It is forbidden to use special tools in relation to pregnant women, disabled people and minors, except when they show armed resistance or commit a group attack that threatens the life and health of a security guard or protected property.

In situations where the use of special means is unavoidable, the guard must exercise restraint, act on the basis of the prevailing situation and the goal that must be achieved, minimizing the possibility of causing damage to property and causing bodily harm.

When using special equipment, the guard is obliged to observe four basic conditions:
- warn the person (persons) about the intention to use them, while providing enough time to fulfill their requirements (except in cases where delay in application may cause harm to the life and health of the guard, third parties, or other serious consequences);
- strive to minimize the harm that may be caused to the offender as a result of such use;
- provide the victims with pre-hospital medical care, notify the health and internal affairs authorities as soon as possible;
- immediately notify the prosecutor of all cases of death or bodily injury.

Special conditions for the use of handcuffs- Periodic (at least once every two hours) checking the state of fixation of the locks in order to exclude bodily harm to the detainee.

The organization of effective protection of real estate objects using special means, weapons, guard dogs, equipment is one of the main activities of the group of security companies "TAGGERD" (ChOP Moscow).

Handcuffs, representing a convenient and reliable way of fixing a person's hands for any, even quite a long time, have become popular and in demand today. After all, for sure, each of us thought about the need to ensure both our own safety and the safety of our loved ones.

And handcuffs have firmly taken one of the leading places among the various means of self-defense (like, and), which make it possible to quickly neutralize the activity of the attacker, depriving him of his freedom and limiting his actions. And today we will learn how police handcuffs work, how to use, unfasten and get rid of them without a key.

Previously, handcuffs were more like an ordinary piece of iron, which was attached to the wrists or ankles, restricting freedom and causing considerable inconvenience to the prisoner. And the lock was not used: at the place of fixation, the metal was simply welded, and a hammer and a chisel were required to open it.

Today, handcuffs have undergone changes not only in their design, but also in the method of their fastening. Since standard handcuffs are two stainless steel rings (ex.

The ability to change the diameter of the handcuff rings allows them to be fixed on wrists of almost any thickness: even the most fragile hands can be enclosed in handcuff rings without injuring the skin and without the possibility of self-opening.

So, in order to fix the hands of the attacker in handcuffs, you need to perform the following steps in the following sequence:

1. Before putting on the handcuffs, the rings should be fully opened so that the hands can fit in them.
2. Often, when putting on handcuffs, it is necessary to neutralize the enemy or limit his freedom, since in order to securely fix the handcuff rings on the wrists, the attacker's hands must be as close to each other as possible. It is recommended to place your hands behind your back - in this position, there are the least opportunities for making attempts to open the handcuffs on your own.
3. When putting on, tightly clasp the rings around the wrists: this will not cause harm to the hands, however, the fixation will be the most reliable. Only after checking the tight fit of the handcuff material to the skin of the hands can they be slammed.
4. The device closes automatically, which ensures minimal time spent on neutralizing an intruder. At the same time, when closing, the size of the handcuffs is also formed, which are mainly fixed according to the “shark tooth” principle: a special mechanism does not allow increasing the size of the rings to a larger one.

Now that the handcuffs are on and the hands are fixed, it is possible to check the tightness of their girth and prevent the hands from being squeezed, however, in modern models of handcuffs, this possibility is excluded: the temples can take the shape of an oval when squeezed, which largely repeats the shape of the wrists.

Most modern models of handcuffs can also be used for snapping on the ankles, which increases the possibility of their use.

However, when using handcuffs, you should be aware that usually when an intruder is detained and until the moment when his freedom of hands is restricted with the help of handcuffs, he resists putting them on with all his might. Therefore, they should be used with a clear fixation of the hands; this can be the location of the hands both in front (this is a less reliable way), and behind, when the brushes are located one above the other or pressed with the back of the hand to each other.

This video will show you how to put on handcuffs correctly:

How can I open and remove handcuffs without a key

The lock built into the welded chain of links is responsible for opening the handcuffs. It may differ for similar models, but the main principle of its operation should be considered an increased level of secrecy: the possibility of its unauthorized opening largely depends on this. A key is usually included in the kit, and two keys may also be attached. However, if you have only one key, make a duplicate of it: this will help to avoid an unpleasant situation if the key is lost and there are difficulties with removing the handcuffs.

Most often, the design of handcuffs is such that the lock is located out of the reach of the hands of the attacker, placed in handcuffs. This is done in terms of protection against the possibility of unauthorized opening of the handcuffs. If the lock is located in such a way that it can be accessed from two sides (through lock), then such a lock will have an increased degree of hacking ability.

The opening of the handcuffs is carried out using a key. However, there are several ways to get rid of the handcuffs without using the included key. Consider the main stages of "liberation" from them.

1. To make it more convenient to release from handcuffs, you must first try to make sure that your hands are in front. Of course, classes in special gymnastics or yoga will help in this case, but not everyone can have special physical training for such exercises. And yet, for a safe release from handcuffs, first of all, you need to place your hands in front.
2. Now you need to find an available tool to pick the lock. It can be any fairly solid object pointed at one end: a paper clip, needles, a small sharp nail, and even a match. However, according to numerous surveys of those who already had experience in opening a handcuff lock with improvised means, a rigid thin wire is recognized as the most effective, since non-metallic objects can break when the lock is opened with insufficient skill.
3. Next, the wire is recommended to be bent at a right angle. This will allow you to penetrate into the lock mechanism without causing serious damage to it and at the same time providing the most rigid grip. The bend of the wire should be done at a distance of about 4-5 mm from its end. An ideal option for such purposes can be considered a flat metal plate: when exposed to the lock, it undergoes minimal deformation and is the most durable.
4. Now, depending on the model of handcuffs, you can proceed to the main goal: opening the lock. Since they differ from each other in the mechanism and fixation device, the opening method is different.

Lock without active latch

The presence of a latch is determined by visual inspection of the handcuffs. Usually on the flat surface of the underside of the lock mechanism is a lever that is recessed into a hole. If there is no fixator in the hole, then it is not active. In some models, in this case, it is completely absent.

And in order to be able to open the handcuffs of such a model with the help of an improvised tool, one should imagine the mechanism of burying the handcuffs when they are fixed on the arm. The teeth located on the lower movable part, when entering into contact with the grip, set the lock pawl in motion, it falls and closes the handcuffs. When using the key, the prongs are caught and raised, allowing the lock to be opened.

A self-made grip works in the same way: with its help, the teeth are captured and open the lock.

This video will tell you how to open and remove handcuffs without a key using a paper clip:

The presence of an active fixative

To open such models, you must first turn off the latch, otherwise the lock will slip and will not open. To do this, when penetrating the wire into the lock, feel for it and turn it counterclockwise. It is necessary to act as carefully as possible, otherwise there is a high probability of triggering the latch.

After the latch is neutralized, you can proceed to open the lock. To do this, already in the direction of movement of the clock hand, you need to move the tongue of the lock, lift it and you can open the handcuffs.

Complex models

There are a number of models of handcuffs, which are characterized by increased complexity of the design of the lock. Example - . In such models, the lock is similar to door locks, and working with them is more painstaking.

Opening such a lock will require the use of two pieces of high-strength wire. Both pieces should not be bent at a distance of 3-4 mm from the end at a right angle. Having inserted them from different sides of the lock, you need to be able to feel the inside of the plate that holds the lock, and with one part of the wire move the latch to the left side, and to the right - both parts of the lock plate.

It should be noted that opening this type of handcuffs is extremely difficult, especially if the handcuffs fix the hands. Opening such a lock will require several hours of hard work.

How to make a device with your own hands

There are several options for making handcuffs from the materials at hand. To understand the manufacturing principle, you should consider the most popular. These are improvised handcuffs made from an ordinary trouser belt and clothesline: these are the materials that should be considered the most durable and affordable.

From a trouser belt

The most popular option for making handcuffs on their own is the option from a regular trouser belt. For this, a belt is used that has a sufficient width and provides the necessary fixation on the hands. It is recommended to take a belt that is not smooth and not varnished in order to prevent your hands from slipping into the loops.

The main idea of ​​the technique is the most rigid fixation of the brushes. According to the feedback of those who have tried this technique, creating two loops that intersect with each other, this type of homemade handcuffs is not considered reliable: with narrow hands, with some effort, simply expand the loops to the required width and free your hands.

It is considered more effective to position the belt in such a way that the hands fit inside two belt loops that are located one inside the other. In this case, after the hands are located inside these loops, the belt is fastened with a buckle, which gives the greatest rigidity to the resulting connection.

From clothesline

To make handcuffs, you will need about 60 cm of rope, which you can buy at a hardware store. They have a high degree of strength, durable and affordable.

The scheme for making homemade handcuffs is as follows:

• in the central part of the handcuffs, make two adjacent loops;
• now the second should be threaded into one of the loops - this will turn out to be a knot in the middle of the rope and two loops from the edges, which will become handcuffs in the final version;
• the attacker's hands are inserted into both loops, which are then tightened, and the handcuffs are fixed around the hands and forearms with the ends of the rope.

Now the ends of the rope are tied into a strong knot. It is quite difficult to untie it when the hands are fixed in one position and there is no way to use cutting objects.

The video below will help you make handcuffs:

Handcuffs are an integral attribute of representatives of security and law enforcement agencies. Proper use of these special means allows you to quickly limit the physical ability of a detainee who is physically resisting or committing unlawful acts. Classic handcuffs are two metal bracelets connected by two welded chain links. The locking part of the handcuffs allows them to snap into place without the use of a key, and also to fix the latch from further pinching.

The first handcuffs appeared a long time ago, immediately with the invention of iron. Of course, at first they did not at all resemble those that we now see on law enforcement officers and private security guards. They were just pieces of iron connected by a chain. It is more correct to call such products shackles. They did not have locks, they were riveted by heating the pin on the fire, inserting it into the eyes of the bracelets and flattening the ends with a hammer. Of course, there were no keys either - there were a chisel and a hammer.
In 1912, a revolution took place in the manufacture of handcuffs. Before that, they, frankly, most of all resembled a padlock. But the Peerless engineers decided that this was not enough, and in order to shackle a person securely, an individual approach is needed. So there was a design with a shackle that turned through. Now the handcuffs could be adjusted to the size of the hands of each individual person. In addition, a ratchet mechanism was used in the handcuffs, the principle of which is based on the fact that the upper shackle of the handcuffs could freely rotate only in one direction, and vice versa only if the ratchet is held by the key.

What are handcuffs?

Classic handcuffs are two metal bracelets connected by two welded chain links. The locking part of the handcuffs allows them to snap into place without the use of a key, as well as to fix the latch from further unnecessary and even dangerous pinching.
The size of the handcuffs allows them to be used on an arbitrarily small hand (we are talking about adults), because. in the extreme position, the arms are compressed to an oval with sides of 5 and 4.5 cm, but they can also be snapped on to fairly large wrists or even to the ankle. When worn on a belt, a case is used to carry handcuffs.

Handcuffs "BR-S", "BR-S2", "BCS-1", "BOS" are included in the list of special means used in private security activities.

BR-S operational handcuffs, two-link (complete with one key, fixed in a given position)

BR-S2 operational handcuffs, two-link (with a lock of increased complexity, complete with two keys, fixed in a given position). The key is non-standard - flat, the flag is bifurcated.

Handcuffs “BRS-2? are produced in two versions, blued and nickel-plated, two-link complete with two keys, with a lock of increased complexity, with fixation in a given position. certificate of conformity No. ROSS RU.СЗ09.Н00846; No. 0101351, Issued by: NPO Tekhnika of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Weight: 380gr. Of the advantages - the latch is divided into two parts and there is a jumper between them in the lock, which makes it impossible to press both latches with something simple like a paper clip. The disadvantage is that the keyhole goes out on both sides, which reduces the resistance to opening.

BKS-1 special escort handcuffs are produced in three modifications:

BCS-1? Tenderness-1? - special escort handcuffs with a connecting chain. They remain operational after applying a tensile load of at least 1500 N for 30 seconds. Semi-rigid hinged fastening of links. Automatic latch. The transverse breaking force of the engagement of the swivel bracket is not less than 2500 N. The number of operations is not less than 5,000 cycles. The ratchet mechanism of the products is made with a negative angle of engagement of the teeth (with undercut), which ensures operation according to the “shark tooth” principle. The increased angle of the back sliding plane of the tooth ensures easier snapping, increases the mechanical strength of the engagement and resistance to wear.

BKS-1? Prikol "- handcuffs with a fixed mount

BKS-1? Bouquet "- escort handcuffs for 5 people

BOS operational special handcuffs (with a rigid system for attaching bracelets to each other)

Conditions for use and storage of handcuffs:

Operate at temperatures from -30 to + 40°C; the product must be stored in a package in a closed room with an air temperature of +5 C to +40 C and a relative humidity of not more than 80%. It is recommended to periodically clean and lubricate the handcuffs according to the manufacturer's instructions. It is recommended to store the product in dry warehouses. Avoid joint storage with acids, alkalis and other substances that are aggressive towards metals. During operation, one should take into account the degree of rigidity of the structure and the reliability of fixing each type of handcuffs, determined by the type of locks and connecting devices between the bracelets.

How to put on handcuffs

Ways of using handcuffs are determined in the process of solving specific problems, for example, when delivering (escorting, escorting) handcuffs. Other, more restrictive measures of restraint may be used to prevent violent behavior, including shackling the arms, legs, and torso. As a rule, handcuffs are put on the hands behind the back (when delivering the offender by transport, handcuffs are put on in the front position).
Putting on handcuffs is used, as a rule, after painful holds and throws or under the threat of a firearm.

Handcuffs can be worn on the opponent in a standing, lying, kneeling position.

When putting on handcuffs, regardless of the position of the enemy, a number of rules must be observed:

before putting on handcuffs, you should use forceful measures or the threat of force to force your opponent into a position that is convenient for their use and makes it difficult for him to attack you

the opponent must be tightly pressed with his chest and stomach to the ground, wall, etc.

to put on handcuffs, hands are alternately wound behind the back, and they are subjected to pain

when putting on handcuffs, it is necessary that the locking device adjoins the inner surface of the wrist, and the sector rotates in such a direction as to exclude the possibility of it catching on clothes or the body

Putting on handcuffs, you must be on the side of the enemy, out of reach of the legs. It is dangerous to handcuff only one hand of the detainee while holding the other in his hand, as he can use this position to strike.
For a more reliable restriction of movement, the following hand positions are used when handcuffing (tying):

hands behind the back, hands one above the other

hands behind the back, hands pressed one to the other with the back side

Part 1. Device and types of handcuffs. Ways of putting on and interaction when putting on handcuffs.

The first handcuffs were handcuffed by one person to another immediately after iron was invented. And the first mass batch of steel bracelets came out at the beginning of the 16th century. By the way, then the handcuffs were called "Darby", in translation - "hand shackles". This model of handcuffs survived well into the early twentieth century. Darby could be put on both hands and feet. It was not very easy to get out of such bracelets, but they had one significant drawback - the size was not regulated.
A person with small hands could easily slip out of Darby. Therefore, manufacturers were forced to eventually produce at least three different sizes. The largest ones (they were produced in the largest batches) were, of course, intended for men, the medium ones for women, and finally the smallest ones for juvenile delinquents. By the way, children's handcuffs were also used to shackle fragile women with thin brushes.

In 1912, a revolution took place in the manufacture of handcuffs. Before that, they, frankly, most of all resembled a padlock. But the Peerless engineers decided that this was not enough, and in order to shackle a person securely, an individual approach is needed. So there was a design with a shackle that turned through. Now the handcuffs could be adjusted to the size of the hands of each individual person.
In 1932, Peerless and Smith & Wesson finalized the design of the new handcuffs. Since then, they have been used by police all over the world. For example, in Russia, NPO Spetsmaterialy from St. Petersburg produces a copy of the Peerless model. In Russia, these handcuffs are wittily called "Tenderness".

Handcuff device

Classic handcuffs consist of two locking devices, with gear sectors rotating on an axis, interconnected by a two-link chain and a key. The locking part of the handcuffs allows them to snap into place without the use of a key, and also to fix the latch from further unnecessary dangerous pinching.
The size of the handcuffs allows them to be used on an arbitrarily small hand, because. in the extreme position, the arms are compressed to an oval with sides of 5 and 4.5 cm, but they can also be snapped on to fairly large wrists or even to the ankle.

Sector 2 should rotate freely counterclockwise. To fix the sector in the engaged position with the locking device, it is necessary to sink the pusher 5 into the locking device with the tail of the key.

To open the handcuffs, it is necessary to insert the key 4 into the keyhole and turn it counterclockwise, which will allow the locking device to be released from the fixation, then turn the key 4 clockwise to disengage the sector from the locking device.

Preparation of handcuffs for putting on consists in the fact that the sector is engaged with the locking device and is installed on the last tooth. The locking device must be in the unlocked position (the pusher is not recessed).

Before handcuffing, the opponent's hand must be brought to a comfortable position (release the wrist). To put on handcuffs, it is necessary, while holding the locking device, to attach the sector to the wrist and sharply press the locking device so that the sector turns on the axis by 180 degrees and enters the locking device. Then it is necessary to squeeze the sector in the direction of movement so tightly to exclude the possibility of extracting the hand and excessive squeezing of the wrist, leading to circulatory arrest.
To fix the sector in this position, it is necessary to drown the pusher in the body of the handcuffs with the shank of the key.

Types of handcuffs

Currently, quite a lot of companies produce handcuffs that differ in shape and design. All of them can be used by police officers and private security companies, so it makes sense to consider the main, most famous and common models in the manual.

Darby- translated as "hand shackles", it was this type of handcuffs that was the world standard for about 300 years. In some US states, such handcuffs are still used by the police. Similar handcuffs can be found in the museums of our country; they belong to the tsarist period. HIATT production. This firm still produces them for collectors. They are opened by screwing in a key, which is a tube with an internal thread. The key is screwed onto the latch ending with a thread, and after pulling it out, the lock opens. No key required for locking.
The presented model does not fit the size of the wrist and the manufacturers were forced to produce handcuffs of different sizes, there were separately for men, women and even children.

peerless("incomparable") - famous and widespread American handcuffs, patent 1912, design 1932. In the 1970s. the patent has lost its validity, and now companies around the world are repeating them. They have anti-squeeze pins and a groove on the arc. They have a latch that allows you to block further movement of the arc and prevent possible over-tightening. The latch is activated by pressing the pin on the side with a pin on the key specially designed for this.
The Russian analogue of this model of handcuffs called "Tenderness" is widely used among law enforcement officers.

"Tenderness-2"- production of NPO Spetsmaterialy St. Petersburg. The halves of the handcuffs are connected instead of a chain with three metal earrings, which only allow them to turn (fold) a little, which provides a more rigid fixation of the hands and does not allow, for example, to get into a pocket located on the other side of the shackled hands. They have anti-squeeze pins and a groove on the arc. They have a latch that allows you to block further movement of the arc and prevent possible over-tightening. The latch is activated by pressing the pin on the side with a pin on the key specially designed for this.

"BR-S"- the main model of handcuffs, coming into service with domestic employees of the internal affairs bodies.
"BR2-M"- a simplified version. There is no anti-squeeze and no lock. The latch is similar to the "Tenderness-1" mechanism. The smallest in size of the chain. The secrecy of the castle leaves much to be desired, because. there is no pin preventing access to the lock mechanism, the keyhole is made much larger than it should be. A turnkey hole is made on the opposite cheek, which is also the reason for the decrease in secrecy.
"Crab" Arcs of handcuffs of the big size. Due to the large teeth on the closing arc, only one tooth is made on the latch of the mechanism. The latch protrudes outward, which allows them to be fixed without the use of a key, unlike many other models. The anti-squeeze groove is made only on one side of the arc. The key is bent from a flat metal plate. Unlike other fixed models, the lock is released when the key is turned in the same direction as for opening.
Finger cuffs. These handcuffs are worn not on the wrists, but on the fingers. Very light and easy to carry in your pocket. Opened with a standard key. They have a lock, which is also activated by pushing in a pin on the key or by turning the key.

How to put on handcuffs

Ways of using handcuffs are determined in the process of solving specific problems, for example, when escorting, handcuffs are shackled. Other, more restrictive measures of restraint may be used to prevent violent behavior, including shackling the arms, legs, and torso. As a rule, handcuffs are put on the hands behind the back (when delivering the offender by transport, handcuffs are put on in the front position).
Putting on handcuffs is used, as a rule, after painful holds and throws or under the threat of a firearm.

When putting on handcuffs, regardless of the position of the enemy, a number of rules must be observed:

1. before handcuffing, you should, at gunpoint, force your opponent to take a position that is convenient for their use and makes it difficult for him to attack you
2. the opponent must be tightly pressed with his chest and stomach to the ground, wall, etc.
3. to put on handcuffs, hands are alternately wound behind the back, and they are subjected to pain
4. when putting on handcuffs, it is necessary that the locking device adjoins the inner surface of the wrist, and the sector rotates in such a direction as to exclude the possibility of it catching on clothes or the body

Putting on handcuffs, you must be on the side of the enemy, out of reach of the legs. It is dangerous to handcuff only one hand of the detainee while holding the other in his hand, as he can use this position to strike.
Threatening the use of service weapons, you can demand from your opponent that he handcuffed himself. To do this, without approaching a dangerous distance, throw the handcuffs under his feet and demand: “Take it and put it on!”.

For a more reliable restriction of movement, the following hand positions are used when handcuffing (tying):

• hands behind the back, hands one above the other
• hands behind the back, hands pressed one to the other with the back side

Sometimes two detainees are tied together. In this case, the hands of the second offender are passed through the handcuffed arm of the first offender (they are turned behind the back), and then they are also fixed with handcuffs from behind in the position with the palms outward.

It is necessary to check the clamping of the wrists with handcuffs every two hours. Otherwise, it is possible to loosen the locking lock and, as a result, release the person being escorted from the handcuffs.

Handcuffing while lying down

First option

Sequencing:
- threatening with a gun, command: “Stop! - I'll shoot! - Hands up! - Around! - Hands behind head! - Cross your fingers! - Get on your knees! - Lie down on your stomach! “Hands behind your back!”
- sit on the back of the opponent on horseback, legs on your knees, with your left hand grab the brush of his right hand from above with a direct grip (take the painful technique “press the brush”), and with your right hand - rest against the elbow; with both hands, increase the arm opening, exerting a painful effect on it, put the pistol in a holster, grab the opponent’s hand with the right hand

Place the right foot on the foot so that the elbow (shoulder) rests on the shin (block the arm with the shin)

With the right hand, release the wrist, pushing the sleeve on the opponent’s arm, get the handcuffs and take the first locking device with the sector up
- with your left hand, take the opponent’s right hand away, bringing it to a position convenient for putting on the locking device, put the locking device behind her wrist from below and put it on

With the left hand, release the wrist on the opponent’s left hand, pushing the sleeve away, holding the wrist with the right hand, without releasing the handcuffs
- with the left hand, grab the brush and take the opponent's hand away
- with the right hand, put the second locking device behind the wrist from below, complete the handcuffing

Boost and fix sectors

This method of putting on handcuffs can be applied using combat fighting techniques: bending the arm behind the back, including in interaction, any transfers to the prone position (throw, dump, for example, using the lever of the arm outward, etc.).

After carrying out any tricks, it is necessary to transfer the opponent to the “lying on the stomach” position and block the arm with the lower leg (see the figure above).
This method of blocking is much more effective than the usually recommended holding of the hands with the hips. In this case, the opponent's hand is securely fixed on the painful hold and the possibility of its withdrawal is excluded. In addition, in the event of an attempt by the enemy to leave this position and counterattack, the employee can easily get up and act further according to the situation.
In this variant and directly putting on handcuffs is the most optimal. The introduction of locking devices behind the wrist with the sector upwards ensures free rotation of the sector outward, excluding its snagging on clothing.

This method of putting on handcuffs can be recommended for use in the position of the opponent "standing" and "kneeling, pressed against the wall."

Second option.

For a more reliable blocking of the enemy, he can be taken for two painful receptions - on the leg and on the arm.

Sequencing:
- threatening with a gun, demand: “Stop! - I'll shoot! - Hands up! - Around! - Hands behind head! - Cross your fingers! - Get on your knees! - Lie down on your stomach! “Hands behind your back!”
After the opponent has taken the “lying on his stomach” position with his hands behind his back, you need to:
- demand: "Bend your right leg at the knee joint!"
- perform a painful hold
- pinch the calf muscle
- put the gun in a holster, get the handcuffs
- with the left hand to block the right hand of the enemy, exerting a painful effect on it, put on handcuffs

If the enemy resists, it is necessary to act according to the situation: increase the impact of pain techniques, strike with handcuffs, jump up and run away, use a pistol.

Putting on handcuffs after detention in the position of the opponent "kneeling, pressed against the wall"

Sequencing:
- threatening with a weapon, demand: “Stop! - I'll shoot! - Hands up! - Around! - Hands behind head! - Cross your fingers! - Come to the wall! - Closer! - Spread your legs! - Wider! - Stand on your knees! - Get on the wall! - Thicker! “Hands behind your back!”
- approach the enemy from behind, put the left foot between his legs, take a lunge position, put the left hand under the knee and press the enemy’s knee against the wall, block his right hand with the left hand, exerting a painful effect on it
- put the gun in a holster, get the handcuffs and put them on

For convenience, you can stand on your right knee.

In case of opposition, act according to the situation: increase the impact of the pain technique, hit the calf muscle with the heel from above, hit with handcuffs, run away, use a pistol.

Putting on handcuffs after detention in the position of the opponent "standing with hands on the wall"

More complicated (from the point of view of safety) is the way of handcuffing with a gun threat in the position of the opponent “standing with hands on the wall (roof of a car, etc.)”. In this situation, the enemy has more opportunities to counteract, since he is on his feet.

Sequencing:
- command the offender: “Stop! - I'll shoot! - Hands up! - Around! - Hands behind head! - Cross your fingers! - "Come to the wall!" Not reaching one step: “Stop! - Put your hands on the wall! - Spread your legs apart! - Wider! “Put your right hand behind your back!”
- put your left foot between the opponent's legs and press him tightly against the wall with your thigh, and with your left hand block his right hand, exerting a painful effect on it
- put the gun in a holster, get the handcuffs, put them on

Handcuff interaction

Tactical and technical actions with the use of physical force in various situations of service and combat activities are carried out, as a rule, by two or more employees in cooperation. The most typical situations requiring the use of physical force in interaction are the detention of persons who oppose the lawful demands of a police officer, during special operations, the detention of persons who have committed a crime, the carrying of persons who provide passive resistance, the separation of grips from persons forming a chain, and in other situations.
An analysis of the special literature showed that the issue of interaction between police officers in such situations is extremely insufficiently covered. Therefore, to help police officers, we offer an arsenal of technical and tactical actions together to suppress illegal actions and detain those who committed them, using handcuffs.

Forceful retention in interaction can be carried out depending on the situation and tactical design when approaching from the front, from behind, one from the front and the other from behind.

Conventionally, when describing actions, employees are designated: No. 1 - performing tricks on the left hand, No. 2 - performing tricks on the right hand and putting on handcuffs.
Actions No. 1 can be carried out by blocking the left hand by grabbing it with both hands, performing a painful hold on it, grabbing the enemy’s neck or head with the shoulder and forearm when approaching from behind and from the side for a suffocating and painful hold, as well as throws or stalls.
Action number 2 consists in holding painful techniques: bending the right hand behind the back, throws or stalls, followed by transfer to the prone position and the transition to putting the hand behind the back, as well as putting on handcuffs.

Let's consider the options for detaining and handcuffing by two police officers with the transfer of the enemy to a prone position and a standing position.

If the detention is carried out with the transfer of the opponent to the prone position, then first it must be turned over to the prone position and the hands should be taken to the painful hold with the lever of the arm inward.

Then #2 does the following:
- puts the opponent’s right hand behind his back and sits astride his back, putting his left leg on his knee, and his right on his foot (either the knee of his left leg rests on his back, and puts his right on the foot, with his left hand he grabs the right hand from above with a direct grip, and right by the elbow; with both hands increases the institution of the arm, exerting a painful effect on it

Puts the right foot on the foot in such a way that the elbow (shoulder) of the opponent rests on the shin (to block the arm with the shin); releases his wrist with his right hand, pushing the sleeve on the enemy’s arm, takes out the handcuffs and takes the first locking device with the sector up

With his left hand, he withdraws the opponent’s right hand, bringing it to a position convenient for putting on the locking device, winds the locking device behind her wrist and puts it on

The right hand grabs the second locking device sector up

- No. 1 brings the left arm of the opponent behind his back and frees the wrist by pushing the sleeve
- No. 2 grabs the hand with the left hand, with the right hand winds the second locking device behind the wrist from below, completes putting on the handcuffs and presses and fixes the sectors

The presented variant of putting on handcuffs is the most optimal. The enemy is securely blocked. The introduction of locking devices behind the wrist with the sector upwards ensures free rotation of the sector outward, excluding its snagging on clothing.

If the handcuffs are put on in the standing position of the opponent, after the detention, it is necessary to bring the opponent to the wall, car door, etc. A little before reaching her, No. 2 demands: “Spread your legs! Wider!", presses him tightly against the wall.

and with his right hand puts handcuffs on the opponent's right hand.

#1 helps get his left hand behind his back, and #2 cuffs his left hand.