Greenhouses for giving around the house. Creating a winter garden in the house with your own hands. Greenhouse - an oasis for exotic plants

Thanks to the “preserved” summer under a glass cap, it became possible, regardless of the season, to enjoy the juicy greenery of miniature trees and the fragrance of paradise flowers.

A winter garden in a private house, cottage or country house looks like a beautiful toy, a pleasant resting place, an object that emphasizes the status of the owners. In practice, this is a serious engineering solution that requires compliance with the nuances of pre-project preparation, design and construction, and also needs constant care and protection.

The principle of arranging a winter garden with your own hands is both simple and complex, it all depends on the chosen design, frame material, glazing method and other factors.

What is the difference between a winter garden at home and a greenhouse or greenhouse?

When we talk about a winter garden, we first of all mean the intermediate zone between the living space and the natural environment. Whereas the greenhouse (a more simplified version - greenhouses) is mainly focused on growing plants in special conditions. As a rule, the greenhouse is located separately from the house - in the garden or.

Like a greenhouse, a winter garden is designed to protect plants and flowers from freezing in autumn and winter. But the greenhouse is mainly aimed at growing certain varieties (for example, oranges, palm trees), maintaining special climatic conditions in which it is constantly physically difficult for a normal person to be. Whereas in a winter garden, a rationally selected microclimate positively affects both the well-being of people and the cultivation of plants with a complex (and not very) “character”.

Building a winter garden with your own hands

A professionally arranged zone of comfort and relaxation, among the impeccable forms of indoor landscaping, will allow you not to part with the summer even when everything around is covered with snow. You can choose a rational project and build a winter garden with your own hands, but in any case, this will require certain monetary and time costs from the owners of apartments and country houses. Using the advice of experts and observing the required conditions, it is really possible to significantly save costs.

Which side to place the winter garden

East. The best choice, as the translucent east-facing design will not overheat;

West. The advantage of this orientation is the ability to retain the heat accumulated during the day for a long time. However, in the summer, this advantage is very doubtful;

South. This side of the house is the least suitable for arranging a winter garden. Because the plants will overheat, and this will increase the cost of ventilation and watering. Although, on the other hand, in the winter season, just in the garden located on the south side, it will remain warm for a long time;

North. Such gardens do not accumulate heat well and quickly give it away. If the choice fell on this particular side of the world, you should take care of the good heating of the winter garden.

Winter garden structures - types, types and projects

Regardless of the location of the garden, the structural system must be translucent, illuminated, ethereal, beautiful, and also sufficiently reliable and resistant to all kinds of atmospheric (overheating and cooling) and mechanical phenomena.

The design of the winter garden can be:

adjacent to the house;
stand alone.

This or that option will make its own adjustments to the arrangement of various supporting systems.

The diagram shows the ways of constructive implementation of the shape of the winter garden

Rectangular translucent construction in the form of an extension of the winter garden to the house. A universal option and the most common form of a frame with a pitched roof.

Winter garden attached to the corner from the outside of the house.

Design with a combined roof - four-beam and gable.

A winter garden attached to the inner corner of the house, the so-called "quarter polygon".

Extension of the winter garden from the inside of the corner.

Rectangular structure with single-pitched roof and extended roof section

The configuration of the frame of the winter garden, the drawings are shown in the figure

Winter garden heating

The winter garden, hidden behind glass or polycarbonate, is able to accumulate a significant amount of heat. Its quantity will be enough in the warm season. But, in order to protect heat-loving plants in the cold season, you need to think over an effective heating system.

There are several types of heating, and each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages, as well as features of installation and operation. The main requirements for the heating system: low cost and optimal heat distribution.

What influences the choice of heating system:

the size of the winter garden, the larger it is, the more heat is required for heating;
plant species. Tropical plants develop well at temperatures above 20 ° C;
frequency of use of the winter garden. If frost-resistant plants grow in such a garden, and you visit the garden only occasionally, it is enough to turn on the heater. But if you use the garden as an extension of the house, then a heating system is a must.

Types of winter garden heating systems

1. Electric heaters

the ability to change the installation location of the heater depending on the needs;
provides the ability to quickly adjust the amount of heat that comes in;
ease of installation.

an expensive pleasure in terms of paying for electricity, if you use it constantly and heat a large area;
electric heaters dry the air, which negatively affects the "well-being" of plants.

2. Air conditioners (split systems) or UFOs

allow you to regulate the temperature;
do not dry out the air.

The high cost of equipment and electricity bills.

3. Water (steam) heating

Connection of winter garden heating radiators to the central system.

Advantages:

a constant temperature is maintained;
relatively low cost of generated heat;
there is no temperature difference between the garden and adjacent rooms of the house. Such a garden can be used as a dining room or a place of rest.

Disadvantages:

you need skills and a special tool for cutting into the heating system.

4. Furnace heating

the ability to use inexpensive firewood and coal;
creates a certain color.

the temperature is distributed unevenly - the plants can overheat;
requires constant attention;
high fire hazard.

5. Air heating

The principle of the device is to install a fan in the window that communicates with the garden window. Warm air is distilled from the heated room to the garden. Another way: in the outbuilding attached to the winter garden, an air heater is installed and air is supplied through the ducts to the winter garden through a fan.

relatively low set-up cost.

additional insulation of the winter garden is required
requires the purchase of an air heater and air ducts;
takes up a lot of space;
spoils the appearance of the garden;
dries out the air.

6. Electric heating according to the principle of "warm floor"

Advantages:

the cable heats the soil, which allows the roots to receive enough heat;
excellent heat distribution is achieved;
the underfloor heating system mounted along the walls allows you to deal with the icing of the roof made of glass or polycarbonate;
allows you to heat water in the pipes intended for irrigation.

Disadvantages:

high costs for the construction of a system of warm water floors;
the system is installed before the start of the functioning of the winter garden;
difficult to carry out repairs.

You can create an optimal heating system by combining several of their types. At the same time, please note that the type of heating system directly affects the choice of the method of air ventilation in the winter garden.

Winter garden ventilation

Let's make a reservation right away that the cooling system and the ventilation system of the winter garden are two different things. The air cooled by the air conditioner creates a comfortable environment for a short stay of a person. However, plants that are constantly in the garden require fresh air to be supplied on a regular basis. After all, the air conditioner does not contribute to the saturation of the air with oxygen.

Two ventilation systems can be used in a stand-alone, adjoining (extension) winter garden or a winter garden equipped on a balcony. Material prepared for the site site

natural ventilation

Provides for the arrangement of vents or transoms. The total area of the glass doors in the window (transoms, vents) should occupy at least a quarter of the entire area of the garden walls. This is the only way to achieve the required level of oxygen supply. The vents can be opened/closed manually, or can be equipped with automation.

Natural ventilation also includes supply and exhaust ventilation. In this case, at the bottom, along the perimeter of the wall, holes are provided for the inflow of fresh air, and in its upper part or on the roof there are vents for outflow. If double-glazed windows are used as glazing for the winter garden, then a good option is a supply valve for plastic windows.

Pros:

does not create noise during operation;
does not create drafts.

Minuses:

there must be a temperature difference;
window sashes interfere with external and / or internal shading, and also occupy the internal volume (if they are not implemented according to the sliding principle);
there is a possibility of damage to the window sashes under the influence of wind load;
mosquito nets should be provided to protect the garden from insects.

mechanical ventilation

Air inflow is carried out through the vents, but the outflow is carried out through various fans.

Advantages:

the possibility of air exchange in the absence or, conversely, with a strong wind;
does not interfere with shading;
reduces the risk of intruders entering through open windows.

Disadvantages:

creates noise, the level of which depends on the power of the fans;
consumes a lot of electricity;
needs maintenance;
does not always harmoniously fit into the interior of the winter garden.

Plants in the winter garden in the winter and cloudy seasons experience a lack of lighting, which negatively affects their growth. Therefore, it is important to provide an acceptable level of additional lighting.

Lamps for the winter garden - the choice affects the growth of plants:

incandescent lamps are not suitable, since their spectrum does not contain blue rays, without which photosynthesis does not occur. They also generate a lot of heat, and tall plants can get burned;

fluorescent lamps. Sensitive to voltage drops, frequent on-off greatly reduces their useful life;

metal halide lamps are high pressure discharge lamps. Their emission spectrum is close to natural, but they have a short service life;

high pressure sodium lamps. Their color reproduction is unsatisfactory for indoor use. In addition, they are very sensitive to voltage drops;

phytolamps. Designed specifically for lighting plants. There are two types of them: energy-saving LED and fluorescent.

For example: for 5 sq.m. a winter garden with a height of 2.5 m needs 4 metal halide lamps (40 W) or 1 sodium lamp (250 W)

Protection of the winter garden from strong solar radiation

When planning garden lighting, you should consider the opposite effect of its overabundance. In summer, there is too much light, and in order to prevent its harmful effects from occurring, the garden must be protected. Measures to protect the winter garden can be divided into two types:

internal protection - blocks up to 40% of light. These are curtains, blinds from various materials. Commonly used fabric, plastic, bamboo or aluminum. The latter should not be used, because the metal heats up quickly and gives off heat for a long time. This affects the overall temperature regime. In addition, they make noise and vibrate when the fan is running.

external protection - blocks 70-90% of the light. These are awnings, awnings, for the production of which a special fabric with a reflective surface is used. External protection is preferable because the wall material does not heat up and the overall temperature in the garden does not rise.

Watering the winter garden

The habitual watering of plants in pots is unlikely to be effective in a winter garden, because it requires a lot of effort and time.

The construction market offers a variety of automatic irrigation systems that allow mechanized watering of plants. Which, moreover, can be configured for various watering modes. Indeed, in warm weather, the need for moisture increases, and in cold weather, on the contrary, it decreases.

The drip irrigation system for greenhouses and winter gardens has become widespread. In appearance, this is a perforated hose, through its perforation (holes) water is dosed into the soil. Such a system is preferable in that it waters only the roots of plants and does not allow puddles to form. The advantage of an automated drip system is that it is connected to sensors that monitor the level of moisture in the soil.

It must be remembered that some types of plants need special watering - they draw water from the air, so the air needs to be humidified. To do this, equip fountains that perform a moisturizing function and are an element of decor, use mist installations or ultrasonic humidifiers.

The irrigation system involves the installation of a drainage system through which excess water will leave.

Electricity in the winter garden

In order for all of the above components of the system to work, it is important to consider the method of power supply, the type of electrical wiring, as well as the number and location of sockets and switches.

The composition of the soil (land for the winter garden)

For plant growth, it is necessary to provide not only an optimal microclimate in the winter garden, but also take care of the quality of the soil and the initial application of fertilizers and nutrients to the soil.

Plants for the winter garden

When choosing plants for your winter garden, in addition to your own preferences, you need to be guided by the types and varieties of plants.

Plant types:

tropical. The optimum temperature for their growth is + 22 ° C;
subtropical + 10 o C.

At the same time, different types of plants should not be mixed.

Design and care of the winter garden

In order for the winter oasis of greenery to please you for as long as possible, and for plants and visitors to always feel comfortable, you need to constantly monitor the state of all systems that ensure the life of the garden. As for the decorative design of the winter garden in different rooms of the house, then everyone is guided by their own vision of beauty. involves design in certain styles (modern, classic, hi-tech, country or Japanese style), from which you can choose the direction that suits your spirit.

Conclusion

Thus, it can be noted that the creation and full functioning of the winter garden requires considerable effort. And all engineering systems should be designed in a complex way, taking into account the mutual influence on each other. However, if you take into account all these requirements, you can create such a winter garden with your own hands, which will embody your ideas about beauty and comfort.

Winter Garden - photos with examples for implementing ideas

Year-round cultivation of exotic tropical plants and flowers in a temperate climate is a difficult task. So that they do not suffer on frosty winter days, they must be placed in a place protected from the cold with sufficient natural or artificial lighting. To create ideal conditions, greenhouses and winter gardens are being built, which differ from standard greenhouses intended for the cultivation of vegetables and herbs, not only functionally, but also externally.

Winter gardens and greenhouses have some differences in their design, size and construction methods. Their purpose is also somewhat different.

Winter garden - a mini-paradise for relaxation

Blooming garden - home decoration

A winter garden is considered to be a room with an area of \u200b\u200bmore than 15 square meters. m, which is adjacent to the walls of the house. The main idea of its creation is to expand the space of the main building. At the same time, the walls of such an extension are made not capital, but frame. The frame, as a rule, is made of metal or metal-plastic structures. Thanks to this, the walls of the extension look "airy", which gives the room additional volume.

The difference between a winter garden and an industrial greenhouse is that the latter are intended exclusively for growing edible plants. At the same time, in creating a macroclimate, the premises are guided by the needs of crops. In a home indoor garden, first of all, comfortable conditions for a person are created. Here you can not only grow crops, but also relax, enjoying the view of flowering plants.

Green area as part of the living room

Often a garden in closed ground carries not so much an aesthetic load as it is part of the energy saving system at home. The fact is that such a building is a kind of buffer between the main premises and the environment.

Due to the glass ceiling and walls, infrared radiation easily penetrates into the winter garden, heating the objects inside. At the same time, thanks to energy-efficient double-glazed windows, heat consumption in winter is significantly reduced. True, plants in an unheated winter garden must be cold-resistant.

Successful winter garden design

Greenhouse - an oasis for exotic plants

The greenhouse is a room designed for growing ornamental crops. Unlike the winter garden, it is built separately and is not adjacent to the house.

Optimal conditions are created here for the cultivation and maintenance of southern trees (palms, citrus fruits), shrubs and beautiful rare flowers (orchids, ficuses, etc.). The term "greenhouse" (in French "orangerie") originates from the word "orange" (a citrus crop characterized by its thermophilicity).

Depending on the available temperature regimes, greenhouses are divided into:

warm (the temperature here is kept at over 25 degrees);
semi-warm (temperature ranges from 17 to 24 degrees);
cold (below 16 degrees).

Of course, there are no strict restrictions on the construction of a separate building, and if you wish, you can equip a home greenhouse on the adjacent house to the terrace and even on the balcony.

How to equip a winter garden

An indoor garden, when properly designed and built, will become a real decoration of the house, as it can emphasize its design. Thanks to an additional extension, you can easily expand the usable area of any room, creating a corner of comfort and tranquility, which will be comfortable all year round.

Types and forms of indoor gardens

Possible shapes and designs

There are several options for architectural solutions for the winter garden:

L-shaped extensions to the outer or inner corner of the house.
Rectangular outbuildings with a shed roof. They can be a continuation of the main floor of the building or expand on top of it.
Extension to the corner of the house with a three-beam roof.

The simplest winter garden can be built on a glazed balcony or loggia using vertical gardening and hanging planters. In country houses, a terrace or covered veranda is a suitable place.

Mini garden in a private house

What materials are used for the frame

The design of the winter garden is made from a wide range of materials, the most popular of which are:

Aluminum. This is the most popular material for the construction of a winter garden. With a low weight, it has high strength. This significantly reduces the load on the foundation and makes it possible to use a large glazing area. Aluminum is not afraid of corrosion, easy to cut, mounted. It can be painted any color by powder coating or anodizing. The disadvantages include the cost of the metal.
Wood. Durable and at the same time environmentally friendly material that is easy to process and relatively cheap. The disadvantage of wood is the need for constant care. Without adequate antiseptic and antifungal treatment, wood will quickly lose its original appearance.

Suitable coating options

For shelter, various options are used:

Single glass. This solution is not very good for energy efficiency. It does not ensure the preservation of heat in winter and does not prevent its excessive penetration in summer, which can create uncomfortable conditions for the development of crops and human recreation.
Double-glazed windows. The most preferred option for the construction of a winter garden. A double-glazed window of two or three glasses, due to the air between them, perfectly maintains a comfortable temperature inside the room, but such efficiency has a high cost.
Polycarbonate. This material is a great solution. It bends well, absorbs solar energy well, has low thermal conductivity and high impact resistance. There are also disadvantages. Over time, polycarbonate darkens and rubs off. In poorly lit places, algae can grow on it. Visibility through polycarbonate is minimal, therefore, in order to enjoy the views of the surrounding nature, it is undesirable to use it.

Garden with tropical plants in the greenhouse

Ways to organize heating

To create an ideal microclimate and comfortable conditions for relaxing in the winter garden during the cold season, a heating system is installed in it. There are several heating options.

Water heating, in which the heating of the winter garden is integrated into a system that heats the entire house. The disadvantage of this option is too complicated installation. Only a professional can handle it. In addition, the room will be constantly heated, which will increase costs.

Shared heating with the house

The advantages of such a system include the absence of temperature drops between the house and the garden, the possibility of constantly maintaining comfortable conditions. Most often this type of heating is used in industrial greenhouses.

Electric heaters allow the winter garden to gain autonomy. Most often, infrared heaters are used, which are the best option for electric heating. They are economical and create heat as close as possible to the sun.

Infrared heat heats the plants directly and does not dry the air. A huge advantage is the ability to regulate the intensity of heating in different zones.

Infrared heaters

Solid fuel stoves are usually used in greenhouses when there is no choice of gas or electricity, or it is necessary to reduce heating costs. They are rarely used in private greenhouses due to the need for constant monitoring of fuel combustion, its loading and temperature. An ideal option is a fireplace stove with a glazed firebox, which at the same time decorates the garden.

Fireplace with glazed firebox

The most attractive are modern long-burning stoves. For large rooms, it is most reasonable to organize water heating by choosing a stove with a water circuit.

How to equip a greenhouse

Home greenhouses can replace gazebos and turn into freestanding living rooms. In the design, you can use not only plants, but also small architectural forms, miniature ponds, mini-fountains, artificial waterfalls and streams.

Dendroplan and arrangement of the working area

The layout of the greenhouse begins with a planting plan - even before construction begins, it is important to determine which plants will be grown in order to create ideal growing conditions for them. It is important to understand that the proximity of some crops can be problematic and require more investment in the project. It is equally important to take care of the convenience of servicing flower beds and beds, otherwise it will simply be impossible to freely approach the plants.

Mini fountain decorates and creates extra moisture

For small greenhouses, vertical beds arranged in several tiers are ideal. For this, pallets and racks made of moisture-resistant materials are used. You can complete the picture with hanging planters with ampelous crops.

Do not clutter up the greenhouse with plants, first of all, it should be a place of rest in which green spaces are present for beauty, and not for practical purposes.

Nuances of construction and technical points

The performance and durability of a greenhouse depends on several important parameters:

Foundation. The base of the building. The most durable and reliable for such buildings is a strip foundation made of concrete.
Frame. The best performance (resistance to wind, precipitation, deformation) is provided by aluminum and galvanized steel.
Coating. Plays a big role in construction. That is what makes this place different from others. Solid glazing creates sufficient illumination for growing plants. Additional sunlight also has a tonic effect on the human body, which is why recreation areas are often arranged here. In a properly designed greenhouse among exotic plants, even in severe frosts, there will be a feeling of relaxation in hot countries. Most often, cellular polycarbonate and glass are used for cladding the frame of greenhouses. These materials provide the necessary level of light scattering.
Heating. In greenhouses, the same types of heating are used as in winter gardens. Experts advise using combined options, in which, in the event of a failure of one heating system, another is switched on.
Ventilation. To create an optimal microclimate in the greenhouse, it is necessary to equip the supply and exhaust ventilation that regulates air exchange. In addition, ventilation should be provided in a natural way (through the vents).
Lighting. In summer, to protect plants from excess sunlight, natural blackout should be created in the greenhouse (hanging curtains or blinds on the windows). In winter, when there is not enough natural light, it is necessary to connect additional lighting (for example, high-pressure gas discharge lamps).
Watering. Crops need moisture to grow well. To do this, you can equip automatic watering in the greenhouse.

Mini garden in a city apartment

A tropical paradise can only be built if all the necessary conditions are met. It was then that the greenhouse or winter garden would be an ideal place for both growing plants and for a comfortable stay.

Many gardeners dream of their own greenhouse, which will allow them to do what they love throughout the year. When building this room, it is important to take into account many small nuances, but everything is not as difficult as it seems. Consider the phased creation of a greenhouse with your own hands.

Sample plan. Decide on the size of the greenhouse and choose a place to create it. It should be sunny, but not too windy. Include in your plan comfortable sections for planting, electricity, ventilation and water supply. If you are planning to create a corner of greenery and tranquility for relaxation, you will need other interior items. You can develop a plan and calculate the amount of materials needed after reading the article in detail. Foundation. A strip foundation is well suited for a greenhouse. Using wooden pegs, mark the place where the greenhouse will be located. Dig a trench in this place to the level of soil freezing and install the formwork. Pour sand into it with a layer of 5 cm, compress it and add gravel 10 cm thick. After pressing, create a mesh of reinforcement and pour concrete (15 cm). Don't forget to waterproof the building. Polystyrene foam is perfect for insulation. It is recommended to cover the floor with fine gravel. This approach will provide excellent drainage and save the room from dirt. Frame. For the construction of a quality greenhouse, aluminum, polyvinyl chloride or galvanized steel are perfect. You can order pre-cut blanks or cut them yourself and install the frame by welding. The tree is not a very good option, because over time it will begin to deteriorate and require regular maintenance. Finishing. Use materials with good impermeability and thermal insulation. Consider the fact that the room should receive as much sunlight as possible. Glass and plastics such as polycarbonate, fiberglass and polyethylene film are well suited for exterior decoration. Mount the sheets of material on the frame. In the process of work, do not forget to insulate and insulate the walls. For the roof, it is recommended to use cellular polycarbonate.

Heating. To keep the plants warm all year round, various types of boilers are used. They can be electric, petrol or gas. The most convenient is the first type, since it does not require special ventilation. But under the condition of a power outage, the risk of plant death increases. Therefore, it is recommended to choose an integrated heating system. In case of any problems, you can quickly connect the second option. It is preferable to install the equipment in a separate room. If you are planning to add a greenhouse to your home, run your home heating system into it. Ventilation. Plants need to get fresh air regularly. To save on the purchase of a ventilation system, you can connect electrical wires to the control unit and use them to automate it yourself. But few owners know how to do it. A more convenient, but expensive option is a supply and exhaust ventilation system. It is endowed with special fans and air ducts. Experienced builders recommend installing it in greenhouses and greenhouses. Watering. You can supply water from your home to the greenhouse, then install taps there and water the plants yourself. A more convenient, but costly option is to install automatic watering, which allows you to leave plants unattended even for several days. The system involves installing a storage tank and pump, and then running hoses to all boxes and sections with plants.

As you can see, making a winter garden on your own is quite realistic. With the right approach to work, the cost of a greenhouse will not be higher than an ordinary greenhouse. We wish you successful construction and implementation of your ideas!

Having decided on the need to build, preference should be given to a large area of \u200b\u200bthe room. If in the first years of operation your winter garden does not collect the required number of heat-loving exotic plants, the free area can be used for winter growing vegetables and herbs. It should be taken into account that greenhouse at the cottage - this is not only a territory for growing plants, but also a place to relax, so the layout should provide for various zones and convenient garden paths. Near the recreation area, you can hang curtains on the windows, thereby creating a cozy corner for yourself with the required lighting.

In the winter garden, it would be appropriate to equip a small or.

Device requirements greenhouses in the country with their own hands different from the minimum building codes, since this room must be well heated, have sufficient light and water supply. An important point is ventilation, because moist warm air should not stagnate.

You can build a wonderful winter house for your favorite flowers, shrubs or exotics with your own hands.

The first steps in building a greenhouse in the country

– a relatively light construction, 80% glass, so it can be a tape surface. Under the foundation there should be good drainage and a sand cushion. The walls of the winter garden are a frame structure. The most commonly used aluminum, wooden or plastic rails. The frame can be brick.

Wall elements are most often made of glass or double-glazed windows. Glass transmits light well (98%) and tolerates meteorological load. For load-bearing walls, glass with a thickness of 12-13 mm is sufficient. You can reduce the cost of construction if you use less thick glass, but then you need to make a thick crate. With a distance between the guides of 100 x 100 cm, it is enough that the glass thickness is 3-4 mm.

Double-glazed windows are much more expensive, but in the end they pay for themselves through savings on heating.

The roof is mounted from glass or polycarbonate, which is attached to wooden rafters using thermal washers.

When the box is ready, the main lines for the supply and drainage of water are laid.

The floor in the greenhouse with your own hands is better to make tiled or granite. When choosing a material, non-slip materials should be preferred. The laying of the flooring is similar.

Heating greenhouse in the country

As a rule, the greenhouse is placed directly in the house, or as an extension on the outside of the southern or eastern wall. Then the issue of heating is solved in a complex way - the pipes laid in the winter garden are connected to the central heating system of the house. If the winter garden is built autonomously, you can maintain a constant temperature in several ways:

Water heating. As a heater, a gas or electric boiler, polypropylene pipes and plate radiators are used.

This type of heating is the most economical and practical - the air does not dry out, a constant temperature is maintained, the installation cost is suitable for an average budget.

Electric heaters. The disadvantage of this method is the high consumption of electricity and additional costs for air humidification. The advantages include ease of installation, the ability to move equipment indoors and adjust the temperature.

Underfloor heating system. The advantages of this system include additional heating of the soil and water for irrigation. The disadvantages are:

Ventilation

For indoor plants, a constant supply of oxygen must be provided. Ventilation of greenhouses can be carried out naturally or with the help of mechanical supply and exhaust ventilation.

Natural ventilation is achieved by opening the transoms, which in winter will negate the maintenance of the required temperature. Mechanical ventilation is carried out with the help of fans that remove air from the room and ventilation ducts located in the supporting structure.

A good option for combining ventilation and heating is a domestic supply and exhaust ventilation system like a breather.

Unit design:
air intake channel - a sealed tube through which air is supplied to the chamber;
a heater that automatically regulates the temperature;
A fan that blows warm air into the radiators.

The mechanism is equipped with a three-stage filtration system:

coarse cleaning (dust, dirt, debris);
cleaning from bacteria and allergens;
· deep cleaning of exhaust gases and smells.

Lighting in the greenhouse

Natural lighting for greenhouses in the country not enough - a short winter day inhibits growth and flowering. Additional lighting must meet certain requirements:

Ordinary incandescent lamps are not suitable; fluorescent, LED or metal halide lamps are used for winter gardens.

If in winter the plants need additional lighting, then in summer, on the contrary, the inhabitants of the winter garden need protection from direct sunlight. To avoid burns from light refraction, it makes sense to provide protection:

Watering

Despite the fact that most plants in the winter garden grow in tubs, regular watering from a watering can is a tedious task. Therefore, during the construction period, you can lay a system or.

In addition, it is necessary to provide an air humidification system in the greenhouse - these can be small ponds, fountains or portable electric humidifiers.

Wiring greenhouses in the country must be well insulated, sockets and switches located in the zone of inaccessibility of direct splashes.

Currently, thanks to the innovative ideas of designers, winter gardens are arranged not only in private houses, but also in apartments. When creating such greenhouses with your own hands, it is important to provide a lighting and heating system, and choose the right plants for planting. study and opt for the construction option. Today, a winter garden is a complex engineering structure made of various materials.

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Greenhouse design requirements

A winter garden in a house or apartment must meet the following requirements:

1. The temperature regime is normal. Otherwise, green plants will die.
2. Transparency. To do this, a material with 80% throughput of sunlight is selected.
3. The quality of the building. The calculation was carried out taking into account the bearing capacity of the structure. Materials must have anti-corrosion properties. The structure is put up for a long time, so the main frame is covered with a material that resists bad weather.

The products used include: glass, polycarbonate, PVC bags, plexiglass. Sometimes complex structures made of aluminum and glass are installed in houses.

Choosing a place when building a greenhouse in an apartment

Making room for a greenhouse in an apartment is not easy. More often, a loggia or a balcony is used for this. At the same time, the area is being prepared:

The territory is exempt from all items.
Walls, floor and ceiling are insulated.
The original interior decoration is applied to the walls.

The layout of the place allotted for the greenhouse is being carried out. Here you need to provide for the possibility of free movement, correctly place the plants and find a corner for relaxation. The room requires the creation of a microclimate for crops. They can be located on the windowsill, shelves attached to the wall or suspended from the ceiling. Everything must be placed compactly.

Drafts that negatively affect plants are completely eliminated in the room. The walls are finished, and ceramic tiles are laid on the floor. Often the pots tip over, but with such a coating, the floor is not in danger.

The location of the winter garden in the house

When building, it is important to consider the cardinal points:

1. East. The most optimal location. The solar flux of rays does not overheat the surface. At the same time, the desired microclimate will be created inside the room.
2. West. This direction ensures the safety of the heat that has accumulated during daylight hours during the night.
3. South. Good option. But you need to take into account that during the day the greenhouse is very overheated inside. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure sufficient watering and establish a ventilation system. But in winter cold penetrating rays of light will provide long-term warmth.
4. North. Poor building location. In winter, heat accumulates in insufficient quantities, and is quickly lost during the night. If it is not possible to place the winter garden in another direction, then close attention should be paid to the heating system.

Constructions of the winter garden are adjoining and separate from the house. It all depends on the location of the building.

Here are the options:

A rectangular extension is attached to the house.
Shed roof extension.
Extension from the outside of the house to the corner.
Extension to the inner corner of the house.
Combined roof on an extension.

Construction materials

The home greenhouse is made by hand, for it they use:

1. Glass. It has the ability to maximize the transmission of sunlight and good heat dissipation. It is characterized by high bearing capacity. The disadvantages include fragility, price and difficulty in processing.
2. Polycarbonate. The construction of a half-carbonate winter garden is gaining popularity. The advantages include: transparency, elasticity, low weight and resistance to corrosion. An important advantage is ease of installation.
3. Double-glazed windows. Profile: wooden, aluminum or metal-plastic

To reduce the cost of a glass structure, glass of a smaller thickness can be taken. So that the greenhouse does not lose strength, it is necessary to strengthen the frame base.

Mounting

The winter garden is a continuation of the house and the roof. At the first stage there is a choice of a variant of the future extension.

Then a project is developed, drawings are prepared with all the necessary dimensions. A force calculation is carried out: the roof should not sag under a layer of snow. Then comes the purchase of the necessary materials.

Foundation with floor

The foundation of the greenhouse is necessary in order for the walls to withstand the load from the pressure of green crops.

A tape version of the technology is used. A trench is dug to a depth of 50 cm, and a width of 15 and reinforcement is laid. At the very bottom, sand and gravel are poured. Then comes a waterproofing layer of roofing felt. All this is filled with cement mortar.

The floor is concrete. After it hardens, a tree is superimposed on top or the surface can be decorated with ceramic tiles.

Heating

Before starting construction, you need to choose a method of heating the room. There are two options: installing a warm floor and using an oil cooler. In the first case, the cost of work is higher, however, and the likelihood of crops freezing is reduced, since such floors retain heat well.

The location of the heaters should be near the window or near the coldest wall.

It is advisable to install double-glazed windows, then the temperature in the room will not fall below +15 degrees. If the temperature drops to 0 degrees, the plants may freeze.

Humidity in the room

The humidity level in the greenhouse should be 70%. This percentage is reduced due to the heat of summer or the use of heaters in winter. There should be water containers in the room. When watering, it is better to use sprayers - this will increase the level of humidity. Dust will be washed off the surface of the leaves, which will lead to an increase in the process of photosynthesis. The percentage of oxygen in the air will increase.

Sometimes the irrigation system is developed at the design stage. Hoses are buried in the ground, and through them water, drop by drop, penetrates into the soil. This is called drip irrigation.

The complex system of building a winter garden is carried out by professional workers. If the design is simpler, it is really possible to build it yourself. To do this, you need to arm yourself with tools and have some skills. The savings will be significant if the construction of the winter garden is carried out independently.

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