Plastering of monolithic walls. Finishing concrete walls with plaster with your own hands. surface plastering process

When it comes to building a house or doing major renovations indoors, we are faced with the fact that we have to level the walls, and then finish them ourselves. You should immediately prepare for the fact that plastering concrete walls is a long and laborious process that requires certain skills. In addition, the plaster of concrete walls has a decent price, so you can learn these works yourself.

Wall plastering is a very important stage in interior decoration, regardless of whether the walls will be further pasted over with wallpaper or the surface will be prepared for painting.

There are many nuances in this case. So, some experts advise to first prepare the surface and completely clean it from flaws. Some advise not to spend a lot of effort and not prepare a concrete wall for plastering, but immediately sew it up with drywall. But, as it turns out, an artificial fragile wall in the future during operation turns out to be problematic. It is impossible to attach kitchen cabinets, plasma TV, shelves, air conditioner, water heater and other heavy household appliances to it. That is why it is better to choose the old proven way of finishing the wall and do the plastering of concrete walls with your own hands.

Material classification

Currently, there are many different mixtures for wall decoration on sale. For each surface, separate views are intended.

Common types of plaster:

Gypsum (ordinary) or a mixture of sand and cement. Such plaster is designed to level the walls, as well as to protect the surface from moisture and dampness, as well as temperature effects.
Special. A mixture that has a narrow focus. Its main task is to protect the room from radiation, retain heat and suppress noise.
Decorative. The name itself says that such a mixture is used for the final stage of repair work, when it is necessary to give the surface a beautiful look.

About technology

Before proceeding with the plastering of the surface, it is necessary to perform the plastering of concrete walls. First, remove dirt and dust from the concrete wall. This is necessary in order to ensure a stronger adhesion of the material to the surface. After preparing the wall, they begin to prepare the solution.

How to prepare the solution correctly

When it comes to performing plastering work, you should be guided by the following rules:

for a concrete and stone wall, which will be constantly exposed to precipitation, it is necessary to use mortars consisting of Portland cement or slag cement;
stone and concrete surfaces, as well as facades that will not be exposed to precipitation (rain, snow) can be plastered with mortars consisting of a mixture of cement and lime;
internal plastering of premises with air humidity not exceeding sixty percent (bathrooms, laundry rooms, bathrooms), the first layer is applied with cement and lime, and subsequent layers will already consist of cement mortar.

Prepare a solution for plastering walls from a well-sifted material (through a large metal sieve) and mix thoroughly so that there are no lumps and grains. One solution may contain one or more binders. The fat content of the solution is checked with a special tool - a "trowel".

If the solution is very greasy, then it will stick to the surface and lie down poorly. To reduce fat content, it is diluted. A "skinny" solution, on the contrary, will not have adhesion and must be supplemented with one binder.

If you have prepared a dense, greasy solution and set to work, then after drying, the wall may crack. Yes, and working with such a thick solution will be inconvenient.

You can prepare a mixture for plastering yourself, the main thing is to adhere to the basic rules. So, the container for mixing the solution should be deep, metal or plastic. Cement is mixed in certain proportions with sand, and then introduced into the "dough", which is diluted with water and mixed. To work with a solution, you need to know which layer it will be, the first, second or third. Each solution for each subsequent layer is prepared according to its own recipe.

To prepare "lime dough", you need to take a part of lime (not slaked) and three parts of water. Stir, wait until the chemical reaction begins, add water and mix again. Close the container and leave alone for 24 hours.
Lime mortar. "Dough" - mix one part, one fifth of the sand, add water gradually. Dilute to the required density.
Clay-calcareous. Dough (clay) - one part, lime dough (0.4 parts), three to six parts of sand (the more sand, the stronger the solution), water. All components are mixed, and water is gradually added.
Cement mortar. It consists of a part of cement and two or three parts of sand. It is prepared as follows: cement and sand are poured into the container in layers, mixed and diluted with water to the desired consistency.

If you decide to prepare a mortar for plaster from the finished mixture, carefully read the instructions on the package.

How to work with a solution

Plastering concrete walls, if you resort to the services of specialists, has an average cost. It is calculated based on the surface area and the cost of materials.

A feature of plastering concrete walls is that the surface often has a flat and smooth structure. Because of this feature, the solution layer may fall off. To prevent this from happening, small notches are made on the wall.

After the primer layer is completely dry (usually one or two days are allocated for this), you can start plastering the wall.

If there are large differences on the surface, then a metal mesh is used. The application of the mixture is carried out in several stages.

The first layer - "spray" can be applied with a pump. If there is no special device, the plaster is applied manually with a special spatula. The thickness of the solution layer should not exceed five millimeters.

Before applying the first layer, it is advisable to slightly moisten the wall with water so that the mixture adheres to the surface better. After the applied layer, the wall is leveled with a construction spatula and left to dry completely.

The next stage - a layer of plaster is applied on top of the first layer. The second layer will lay down more evenly, as the mixture is thicker.

The steps for applying the plaster are the same as the previous time. The only difference is that it is necessary to leave the surface to dry for at least a week.

After the wall is completely dry, grouting work is performed. During the week, while it dries, it should be periodically moistened with water.

After that, you can proceed to the next stage - the final one. The layer of the mixture is prepared very meticulously and thoroughly stirred to prevent the ingress of grains and to avoid the heterogeneity of the mixture. The surface of the wall must be smooth and even, and free of cracks and bumps.

After the wall dries, it will have a beautiful white color and become even.

Features of working with concrete walls

Do not forget that when working with a concrete wall, you need to rub each layer. This is necessary in order for the plaster layer to hold firmly.

So, the thickness of the second layer, which is also the main one, should not exceed five millimeters if the wall is relatively flat.

If your walls have different differences, when applying plaster, you need to take this nuance into account and leave more time to dry each layer.

The plaster of concrete walls can be seen in the photo:

Plastering concrete walls is presented in this video:

Today, one of the most common ways of building buildings and structures is monolithic casting, for which high-quality concrete is used. To reduce construction time and construction costs, a concrete solution is supplied and poured into a pre-installed formwork and frame using a special pump, which are removed after the material has solidified. Walls made of such material are strong and durable, however, they require additional finishing. Most often, plaster is used for this, which not only levels the plane, but also hides and smoothes the seams formed at the joints of the formwork. The cost of plastering walls.

What is concrete.

Concrete is a building material that is obtained by forming and hardening the so-called concrete mix, which consists of several components. Most often it is:

cement or other binder;
water;
crushed stone, expanded clay or other small and large aggregates.

In addition, various additives can be used. Most often they are used during the casting of concrete in the winter, for the rapid solidification of the mixture. There are a huge number of different additives, each of which has certain properties and performs separate functions. Such material differs in brand and class. Brand - determines the compressive strength of the material. Class - talks about characteristics and properties. During construction, it is important that the concrete is homogeneous. For the construction of high-rise buildings, concrete of high grades is used.

Preparatory work before concrete plastering.

Walls made of monolithic concrete, despite the ease and speed of construction, have a number of significant drawbacks, the main of which can be called ruts, bumps and slope. Plastering helps fix them. Most often, such work is resorted to in interior decoration.

To do this, the walls can be treated with synthetic materials, ready-made mixtures. Sheet dry plaster or wet method is also used. The ideal option is considered to be the application of a wet solution, while it is the most complex and time-consuming.

The main preparatory steps before applying the plaster include:

Cleaning. Before plastering is applied, monolithic concrete walls must be prepared. To do this, they are cleaned of dirt and remnants of the old coating - greasy stains, resin, wallpaper, paint and other things. The old plaster is also removed. For cleaning, water supplied under pressure, compressed air, special hand tools are used. The cleaned rough surface allows to achieve high adhesion strength of the solution to the surface.
Hydration. For better adhesion of concrete and mortar, the wall is pre-sprinkled with water.
Alignment. Any potholes, ruts and cracks are additionally sealed with a repair compound.
To improve adhesion, special notches can be mechanically applied to a monolithic concrete wall. Most often, pneumatic tools are used for this. Less often - resort to manual methods.
Before starting work, the electrical wiring and all other communications - plumbing, heating, ventilation, etc. must be protected. This keeps systems safe from damage. And the masters involved in plastering - from electric shock.

In addition, before applying the solution, the surface is checked for delamination. If a booming sound is heard during a knock on the wall, this indicates that everything is fine and the plaster is holding well. If the sound is dull - in this case, the coating must be removed and applied again.

A concrete monolithic wall and plaster have a different structure, as well as a coefficient of thermal expansion, due to which drying occurs unevenly and subsequent cracking of the mortar occurs upon direct contact. To avoid this, the plaster is applied over a primer or a special construction fiberglass mesh with a small mesh size.

In addition, the mesh is used when the estimated thickness of the plaster layer is more than two centimeters for cement-based plaster and five centimeters for gypsum-based plaster. This most often occurs with a large slope of the wall. Thanks to the grid, the plaster is held on the wall and does not crack. At the same time, it is important that the mesh be stretched as much as possible and well fixed at the edges, this prevents vibration and, as a result, the destruction of the solution applied to it.

A metal mesh can also be used. However, in this embodiment, paint or a special primer is preliminarily applied to it, which prevents moisture from entering, prevents the occurrence of atmospheric plaque, corrosion and subsequent destruction.

Varieties of primer betokontakt.

The cost of such material and work on its application is low, while the importance cannot be underestimated.

Most often, this solution is used for:

improving adhesion between a monolithic concrete wall and the next most often topcoat;
reducing or improving the absorption of moisture, depending on the surface, as well as the subsequent resistance to it;
destruction protection;
preventing the emergence and growth of fungus and mold;
drying acceleration.

Primers with a mineral base and cement as a binder - betokontakt, are used for walls made of monolithic concrete that do not absorb moisture well. Such a solution is applied before interior decoration with gypsum, lime-gypsum and dry plaster and increases the adhesion of materials. It stabilizes the surface of the wall and improves the quality of the subsequent application of the plaster layer.

Most often, builders use primers from the following manufacturers:

Knauf;
Pufas;
Escaro
and others.

In addition, such a primer can be used as a pre-treatment before applying the adhesive required for laying tiles. To use the primer, the wall surface must also be pre-cleaned and degreased.

The process of plastering a monolith.

Before moving on to applying plaster, you should find out how littered the wall is, the degree of slope. Most often, a regular plumb line (thread with a small load), a level or a laser level are used for this. Most of these fixtures are used on both vertical and horizontal surfaces.

To level the surface, special beacons are used, after installation and repeated rechecking of which the walls are directly plastered. The distance between plaster or wooden beacons is ideally no more than 1 meter. The height of the beacons - corresponds to the height of the wall itself, the thickness should not exceed 1 cm. Wooden beacons are attached to the wall surface with screws. Such products and the delimitation of the surface into sectors are necessary to facilitate the work of plastering walls.

Then the dry wall is moistened with water. This can be done by spraying.

Next, the plaster is prepared directly. It can be a sand-cement or lime mortar or a special dry mortar, which is diluted according to the instructions attached to it, by mixing with water in a certain proportion. Such mixtures can be purchased at the store, they are much easier to use than those that are prepared independently. However, due to its high cost, such plaster is not available to everyone.

At the heart of the cement-lime mortar, as you might guess from the name, are:

cement;
ordinary river sand;
lime.

All these components are diluted in proportions of 1:7:2. At the initial stage, water is added to the lime and both components are mixed until a pasty mass is formed. Other components are mixed separately: cement and sand, after which they are added to the lime mortar. In the case when the plaster turned out to be too thick, it is allowed to dilute it with water. If, on the contrary, the plaster is too liquid, sand is added to it. It should be borne in mind that if the sand is more than 3 parts of the total volume of the solution, it significantly reduces the plasticity of the final material.

In addition, it should be borne in mind that such plaster hardens rather quickly, so its large volume is not harvested.

Also, plaster, consisting of clay and lime, can be used for processing. In this embodiment, both components are separately mixed with the liquid and only after obtaining a homogeneous dough-like mass are they combined with sand. This plaster consists of:

1 part clay;
3 parts sand;
0.4 parts of lime.

Also, plaster based on lime and clay is sometimes used, which are diluted in a ratio of 1: 3. However, when processing monolithic concrete walls, it is better to refuse to use such a solution.

The resulting plaster, regardless of its composition, is applied to the previously cleaned and prepared wall with a spatula or other tool.

The concrete monolithic wall is plastered in three layers. The first of which is spray. It is performed with a liquid solution with a creamy consistency. The next layer is also sprayed with a primer with a pasty texture. Its thickness is no more than 1 cm. The final layer is made with a solution with a pasty consistency that does not contain any large particles and lumps. The mass is applied and leveled in a circular motion with a trowel. The thickness of the finishing layer does not exceed 2 mm. When applying each of the layers, it is necessary to monitor the level of the wall. If cavities occur, they are filled with mortar.

All layers of plaster should be leveled from top to bottom, applying physical force, filling the voids and removing the resulting excess. Such actions are performed within a pair of beacons. It is important to ensure that the thickness does not exceed half a centimeter. If a lack of plaster is found, it is added precisely in those areas where there is a shortage.

They start plastering work from the corner and only after that they go to the wall itself, successively moving from one pre-delimited section to another.

When the plaster is applied to the entire wall, it is left to harden and solidify. The beacons are removed, and the holes left after their use are carefully filled with the mortar used in the plastering. Before using the finished dry mortar, you should carefully read its composition. It may include plasticizers that speed up or, conversely, slow down the setting of the mixture. This must be considered before starting work.

When the plaster has set and finally hardened, you can proceed to the grout. To facilitate labor, a mechanized method of applying the solution to a monolithic concrete wall can be used. It is used in large construction projects. At the same time, the quality of the mixture prepared by the plastering machine is much better than with manual mixing.

The technology of applying plaster in a mechanized way has practically no flaws. The walls are smooth. The plaster is thrown onto the plane quickly enough and at the same time evenly. Due to the saturation of the mixture with oxygen, it is possible to significantly increase its volume, which, in turn, reduces material consumption.

The number of personnel when using the machine is reduced by a factor of three. Thus, the time of work is significantly saved, and financial costs are reduced. Plaster can be used for both rough work and finishing, so its structure and appearance vary from completely smooth to embossed. In addition, with the help of plaster using various fillers, it is possible to achieve an increase in heat and sound insulation properties. Plaster can withstand severe mechanical stress, as well as temperature changes, so it is used not only in already heated rooms, but also in buildings without windows and doors.

Many houses have uneven walls that simply need finishing work. You can bring the surface in order with the help of plastering. Unfortunately, practice shows that people without experience only find numerous problems in this repair process.

In this material, we will consider the main details of finishing concrete walls with plaster, and also analyze some of the subtleties that often affect the final quality of work.

Features of plaster

If we talk about the quality of the work carried out, then first of all it is worth paying attention to the building standard SNiP III-21-73. Based on it, you can carry out the entire repair process without much difficulty. But at the same time, the overall quality of work is based on the following points:

With normal surface plastering, there are tolerances. This is no more than 3 mm per 1 m of the surface, and this value should not exceed 15 mm for the entire room. If we are talking about ceilings, then there is a deviation of no more than 7 mm, if the ceiling height is 2.5 m. There may also be smooth irregularities, of which there should be no more than 3 units per 4 square meters. The height (or depth) of these same irregularities should not exceed 5 mm. For each horizontal meter, the deviation should not be more than 3 mm.
To improve the plaster, there are more stringent requirements. Within the framework of a vertical surface, this is no more than 2 mm per 1 m, and also no more than 10 mm for the entire perimeter. The depth of irregularities can reach no more than 3 mm, and there should be 2 or less of them in total. Horizontal deviations are allowed the same as in the case of the vertical.
With high-quality plaster, the state standard sets even more serious limits. We are talking about deviations along the vertical surface of not more than 1 mm per 1 m, and also not more than 5 mm for the entire finishing area. The horizontal tolerance is similar. 2 irregularities are also allowed, the depth of which will be no more than 2 mm per 4 square meters. m.

Wall Alignment Options

There are 2 options in total:

Beacon alignment process. Most often, this method is used in situations with too strong irregularities. Accordingly, in such situations, only beacons will help to get a decent result, by which it will be possible to navigate in the process.
With the help of the rule, alignment occurs in situations where the surface is initially relatively flat, but small deviations are still present. In the same way, you can try to level out too deformed surfaces, but this requires considerable experience.

Cost of work performed

Experienced owners recommend doing finishing work exclusively on their own, as this will save a significant part of the money. On average, the cost of these works is about 500 rubles per square meter. This is a lot of money, especially considering, perhaps, not the most sweeping budget for all repair activities. Therefore, it is worth personally studying the technology and trying to do all the work with your own hands.

If the area of work is small, then third-party assistance may be the most correct solution.

For example, if you need to finish the surface of 100 square meters, then you will have to spend tens of thousands of rubles on all this, and this is without taking into account the costs directly for materials.

The best mix for plaster

It is known that the most common options are products based on cement or gypsum. Practice shows that well-known brands have long been producing high-quality products that will certainly not let you down at a crucial moment.

with its help, it is possible to ensure high adhesion of the applied layer of material;
it is possible to apply layers up to 50 mm thick, and it is guaranteed that not a single crack will appear in this situation;
the plasticity of the material is high, therefore, on this basis, it is possible to obtain the desired surface without unnecessary difficulties;
even without the use of a reinforcing base, it is possible to apply a gypsum mixture over smooth concrete;
it is known that gypsum provides a good level of sound insulation, and also retains heat inside the house.

Using Beacon Profiles

Beacon profiles are metal elements that have perforated holes. They are a kind of limiters in the process of plastering the surface. The length for lighthouse profiles is often standard - 300 mm, and the depth can be either 6 mm or 10 mm.

As for the rule, this tool is a long rail created from aluminum. It is used to level the mixture, but not only for applying plaster, but also in many repair tasks.

Necessary tools and fixtures

Often the following list of inventory is required:

plaster mixture;
dowels;
a hammer;
plumb;
lighthouses;
perforator;
building level;
scissors;
rule;
bucket;
primer;
roulette;
gloves;
roller

wall plastering process

When all of the above tools and process components are in place, work can begin, but it all starts with preparatory activities.

Use of beacons and surface marking

To begin with, it makes sense to carefully examine the surface. Using the building level, you need to check the wall and make sure that it is suitable for repair. If significant flaws are found on the surface, they must be noted so that they can be noticed in the first place during the plastering process.
The next step is to markup the beacons. It is necessary to analyze what is the height of the wall, and what area we will give in to plastering. Further, it is quite easy to determine how many profiles are needed for repair. If there is data on the dimensions of the room, then initially it is better to sketch a plan on a piece of paper.
Directly, the distance between the beacons should be limited to 1.6 m. This value is quite comfortable so that you can work using the standard rule, which is often two meters.
The distance between the beacons can be less than 1.6 meters, especially if the repair is around the doorway.
Before installing the beacons, you need to drill holes for fastening these very elements. After that, dowels with self-tapping screws are hammered into the holes, which will quite freely hold the beacons on the surface. Sometimes dowels are driven in without self-tapping screws. Fasteners must be evenly distributed over the surface that will subsequently be finished.
As part of the next step, you need to prime the surface. As a result of this process, we will get better adhesion, and also minimize the negative impact of various components that may be present on the surface. If the wall consists of brick or aerated concrete, then it is necessary to apply in large volumes, since these surfaces are highly absorbent. If we are talking about a concrete wall, then concrete contact is often used.
After the wall has dried, you can continue to screw in the screws. Immediately after screwing in the fasteners, you can use the rule and see if there are any deviations on the surface. It may make sense to tighten the head of the screw to get the optimal location of the element.
To make sure that the fasteners are correctly positioned, you need to pull a cord between them and make sure that the profiles are located under it as needed. According to this principle, the self-tapping screws are aligned, and then the metal elements are directly installed.
Next, the plaster mixture is prepared so that the beacons can be fixed. In this case, you will need a bucket that is filled with a small amount of water and a mixture. Ratios should be looked directly at the instructions for the mixture. The mixture is mixed using a perforator with a special nozzle. The consistency of the material is also an important topic. Experts compare the ideal state of plaster with cottage cheese. It is also important to remember that the finished material must not fall off the tool.
The plaster must be applied along the line so that the mixture is not higher than the caps of the fasteners. There is an indentation of metal profiles into the mixture. It is recommended to carry out this event together, the first person presses from above, and the second from below. So you can get a decent result.
Using the building level, you need to make sure that the location of the beacon is correct, while it can still be corrected. Immediately before the mixture has dried, its residues must be removed from the rule, otherwise the material will dry out.

We apply the mixture

Wall plastering begins with the preparation of the mortar. To do this, you need a bucket that is one-third filled with water. Using a perforator with a special nozzle, the mixture is mixed.
The density of the solution is a rather serious issue. It all depends on what layer will be applied to the surface. It is known that the thicker the layer of plaster is needed, the thicker the mixture should be.
Immediately before the plastering process, the wall may need to be moistened, but only if the surface easily absorbs moisture. It is not necessary to wet the entire wall, but specifically the area that will be amenable to applying the material at the moment. If this is not taken care of, then the surface can crack quite quickly and have too low strength.
The leveling of the mixture occurs from the bottom up, and the layer of plaster that is applied to the surface must be even and without the slightest gaps. As long as the material is plastic, it can be corrected without the slightest consequences.
The sharp edge of the rule must be driven along the surface. The tool must be held perpendicular to the corners, otherwise excess material will be removed. Excess mixture must be removed with a spatula.
If there are bubbles or significant irregularities on the surface, you need to immediately redo everything, re-level the mixture and give it the appropriate appearance. Bubbles on the wall mean that in certain places the mixture does not reach the surface. With a spatula, you can remove the excess and sketch again, using the rule to align.
Zigzag movements with the rule will make the surface as even as possible, removing all excess volumes of the mixture.
After that, a new layer of the mixture is applied, and all the above activities are simply repeated. With each layer, it gets easier to do the job, as the end result gets closer.
Layers should be arranged in such a way that the beacons are recessed into the material. After that, when the material is applied to the surface, you can remove the beacons. If this is not done in time, then these metal-based elements may rust and the surface will become unattractive. From above, it is enough to pick up the beacons with the help of any metal tool and pull the profiles down.
You will get strobes that need to be quickly repaired. We already have a flat surface, and based on this value, we need to align the voids where the profiles used to be. Using a spatula, you need to apply the mixture and level it with X-shaped movements.

Plastering process

This stage of work is the final one, and it is he who most of all affects the attractiveness of the surface, which will turn out in the end.

This process is carried out even before the plaster has dried, since the plasticity of the material allows you to get the desired result. Immediately before grouting, the surface is again moistened with water.
The solution is applied to the trowel, after which it is smeared with the thinnest layer. After that, smoothing occurs at an angle of 45 degrees. It is advisable to apply strong pressure to increase the quality of the surface.
The smoothing process should be carried out until there is no excess material left on the ironer.
The above actions are carried out over the entire surface, but only for specific sectors, since it is certainly impossible to perform a high-quality grouting of the entire wall area at once.

Other details

Particular attention should be paid to the thickness of the layer being created. Practice shows that if plaster is applied to the surface for further tiling, then the material layer must be at least 10 mm. And this applies even to surfaces that are initially relatively flat.
For beginners, the process of applying plaster may seem difficult, given the intricacies of the technology, as well as the large amount of equipment needed to carry out the work. However, practice shows that in order to gain at least a small amount of experience, you need to see the repair process with your own eyes and draw some conclusions. Sometimes in repair activities it is necessary to make rather complex decisions.

In the list of works related to the repair of both residential and non-residential premises, there is always such an operation as plastering. It allows you to remove defects and uneven surfaces. With its help, if necessary, you can correct the geometry of the corners. The modern market is replete with offers of ready-made mixtures for plastering work.

There are two main types of plaster: cement-based and gypsum-based.

And in order to understand how it is better to process this or that surface, it is necessary to clearly understand for yourself that each type of wall corresponds to a certain type of plaster. Professionals believe that for the treatment of concrete walls it is absolutely impossible to use mixtures, one of the ingredients of which is gypsum. Due to a certain chemical interaction between gypsum and concrete, the applied plaster can crack, bubble, and even flake off. It is recommended to use cement-lime mortars or cement mortars with an admixture of plasticizers.

As practice shows, concrete wall plastering has its own specific difference. The bottom line is that a concrete wall is usually smooth. Therefore, before spraying the solution, notches are made on the surface, which significantly increases the adhesion of the plaster to the wall.

To give the concrete surface roughness, it is reinforced using a special mesh.

When carrying out plastering work, it is very important to determine the amount of material required. Basically, two factors affect the consumption of the mixture, namely: wall curvature and type of plaster.

The more the wall plane deviates from the vertical and horizontal, the more mortar will be required to level it. And each type of mixture assumes only its own consumption rate.

Today, many construction companies have their own websites, where they post a lot of useful information on many issues, for example, how to plaster walls or how to calculate plaster consumption. If it is difficult to determine the amount of the required mixture using existing methods, you can use the online calculator. To do this, it is enough to know the type of plaster preferred, the surface area to be treated and the expected thickness of the mortar layer to be applied.

A competent choice of materials, strict observance of all the nuances of the correct technology - this, in the end, is a guarantee of durability, quality and preservation of the excellent appearance of the applied plaster.

Photo: stationrestoration.wordpress.com, mybuilder.com

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Facade plaster helps to give the house an aesthetic appearance. Concrete exterior finish decorates the walls of a building made of various materials, provides protection from weather conditions such as snow, rain, wind and solar ultraviolet. Today, a wide range of mixtures with different application technologies is offered for facing all types of masonry materials.

Purpose

Exterior plaster of concrete walls is endowed with:

sanitary and technical parameters, due to which they get even and smooth wall surfaces with reduced dust formation, facilitated cleaning from dirt;
protective and constructive functions that allow to provide the outer walls with the proper level of protection against the harmful effects of dampness and aggressive environments, increased resistance to heat transfer, reduced sound conductivity;
decorative properties that make it possible to give a special texture to the external facade, to provide a bright color of the surface. To do this, the amount of fillers and binder varies in the composition, additives and pigments are used.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of exterior plasters include:

The ability to select the optimal plaster mixture for high-quality finishes. The range of products of different composition allows you to choose the material based on the size, type of wall material, design project plans.
Creation of a moisture-proof vapor-permeable layer. The plaster breathes without interfering with the natural circulation of air, so moisture accumulates in the walls. This advantage allows you to create multilayer coatings.
The ability to obtain a perfectly smooth and even surface.
The ability to give relief to the finish.
Applicability for facing not only brick or masonry.
The presence of insulated plaster mixtures coated with mineral wool or foam.
For laying the plaster mix, preparation and alignment of the walls is not required. Seams, defects in masonry, protruding parts of the reinforcing cage, cracks, depressions, etc. are sealed with plaster compositions.
Working with the mixture is fast and convenient.
Low cost. Modern finishing materials (tiles, siding) for finishing wall cladding are more expensive than the process of external plastering of the facade.
Ensuring high fire resistance.
Durability. This advantage is relevant only when choosing a high-quality plaster material and observing the nuances of the application technology.

Facade plaster mixtures also have some disadvantages:

It takes knowledge and experience of applying a top coat to get a really high quality exterior coating.
Multi-stage and labor-intensive performance of facing works. The worker needs to properly dilute or prepare the plaster material, prepare the scaffolding, correctly break the wall into sections for plastering, and qualitatively level the surface treated with plaster.
A large amount of waste when mistakes are made, which entails additional costs.
Work should be done in sunny weather at medium air temperatures. Precipitation in the form of snow or rain is undesirable, which can lead to peeling of the plaster due to high humidity.

Groups of plaster compositions

The goal of the process is to create a smooth, perfect surface.

There are three main groups of plasters:

Classical plaster mixes, which are designed to level surfaces for further finishing (painting, puttying, varnishing). They are endowed with high and specific protective properties, for example, when facing block wall material, such as aerated concrete, brick,. The most common cement plaster.
Decorative plaster products used as wall finishes. With their help, the masonry takes on a finished look. Plaster for decorating facades creates relief or colored surfaces. They differ in more complex application technology.
Specific plasters designed to create a heat-insulating or shielding layer on walls. With their help, additional protection against low temperatures, high humidity, noise, etc. is provided. The compositions are recommended to be applied under decorative plaster.

Types of finishing mixtures

The market offers a wide range of exterior coatings for concrete. Conditional classification divides them into cement-sand and decorative group of plasters. A detailed description of the subspecies is presented below.

mineral

They are most commonly used due to their low cost. They are offered in the form of dry plaster compositions. Prepared directly at the construction site. It is enough to dilute them with the required amount of water, according to the instructions on the package.

Mineral mixtures are applicable to wall decoration from different materials: stone, brick, block products. The plaster is applied even on wooden surfaces after preliminary roughing. For self-preparation, you will need a high brand of Portland cement and aggregate, which is selected according to the final requirements. Popular compositions on cement with sand or lime aggregate.

Peculiarities:

low price;
high strength qualities, adhesion, vapor permeability, frost resistance;
low water absorption.

The disadvantages include:

lack of color diversity;
low elasticity, which over time leads to cracking during shrinkage.

Acrylic

Acrylic structural plaster for interior and exterior use.

Acrylic mixtures are applied only on even coatings. Due to the high elasticity, the minimum thickness of the facing layer is sufficient. The finished coating is wear resistant. Suitable for finishing vapor-tight structures with polystyrene foam and polyurethane foam insulation.

However, the compositions are characterized by high cost, flammability, low vapor permeability. Dust and dirt quickly settle on the plaster, due to which, over time, the facade loses its external aesthetics.

Silicone

This type of plaster is characterized by the highest performance parameters, increased elasticity, so the materials are easy to work with. Plaster compositions have the ability to maintain integrity with large shrinkage at home, which allows you to create a high-quality outer layer when finishing gas silicate and foam block walls, which shrink heavily in the first year of operation, but require protection from rain and snow.

Features of the surface of silicone plasters:

repels dust;
is quickly washed off;
retains color for a long time;
suitable for finishing ground floors, buildings near the sea due to high water resistance and resistance to sea salt.

silicate

Silicate plaster in blue tones.

Silicate compounds are made from liquid potassium glass as a binder. The filler is: stone chips and / or sand, pigments, water, modifying additives. Is different:

high moisture and wind protection;
durability;
high quality decorative finishes;
good adhesion to concrete, silicate, aerated concrete;
fire resistance;
vapor permeability;
tint variety of the palette;
the possibility of finishing with silicate paints.

The only drawback is the high price.

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