Srub - what is it? What is a log cabin? How is it different from a log house? What is a log house from a log

To start any construction, you need to understand what a log house is. This design is a log structure without a roof, floor and ceiling.

When assembling a log house, the logs are linked by means of special locks, all the wood used undergoes appropriate processing. The finished structure is the basis of the future structure.

The type of log house depends on what is planned to be built as a result. Initially, a layout is prepared, according to which work is carried out in the future. The design is called according to the type of structure, there are log cabins of baths, log cabins of houses, etc.

The main types of log cabins

There are several options for log cabins. Each of them got its name depending on the number of walls provided for by the design. Currently, the most common types are:

• four-walled (four-walled). This is the easiest option. As the name implies, such a log house is characterized by a square, rhombic or rectangular section;
• five-wall. This variety is a quadrangular log house with a partition (fifth wall) inside. In other words, these are two four-walls with one common wall;
• six-walls. It is easy to guess that this option is a modification of the previous one, only there are two internal partitions in it. All partitions are based on external walls, while the room is divided into three or four rooms;
• octagon. It is not immediately possible to understand what kind of log house it is, what it represents. This is a more complex design, which is an octahedron in cross section. All corners form a single space;
• trough. This type of log house is, in fact, a tower equipped with a roof and built into another structure.

These are the main options, but there are more complex geometric shapes. Logs or beams are used as the starting material for the manufacture of all types of log cabins. The beam has a rectangular cross section.

For the construction of log houses, hand-cut logs or gun carriages are used. The main tool for the construction of such houses is an ax. Cutting a log house by hand is a very complex and time-consuming process that requires great skill from the carpenter, so not everyone can do such construction. Log houses are much more difficult to build than frame, panel or log houses. But they turn out to be more solid, warm and durable.

Thanks to manual felling, the highest quality is achieved, which cannot be achieved by processing logs in other ways. For example, when a saw cuts wood, it "shaggy" it, which leads to rapid penetration of moisture. The advantage of working with an ax is that the ax crushes the fibers, compacting the wood and reducing its porosity. Therefore, wood treated with an ax is more resistant to decay, even without the use of antiseptics.

Also noteworthy is the debarking and sharpening of the log by hand, during which only the upper 1-2 mm of wood is removed. As centuries-old practice has shown, this method of wood processing is the best. After all, it allows you to best preserve the integrity of wood and its protective layer, which cannot be achieved by mechanical processing. It is during manual processing that wood ideally retains its qualities - warmth, durability, natural beauty, resistance to environmental influences, etc.

Another very important plus of manual cutting is that it allows you to make a very complex element - a cup with a hidden spike. It is impossible to make this element by machine. Log houses built using a countersunk cup have stronger shear angles.

For the construction of log houses, it is better to use wood harvested in winter, since during this period there is no sap flow in the trees, therefore, it contains a minimum amount of moisture. Such wood is less prone to rotting, shrinkage and warping. The forest growing in the northern latitudes is rightfully considered the best for construction. Trees in cold climates grow much more slowly, so their wood is of better quality - uniform and dense. It is this high-quality wood that the SibSrub company offers to its customers and uses for the construction of solid log houses.

Log houses are built according to traditional Russian, Canadian or Norwegian technology. The cutting of corners, at the request of the customer, is carried out “in the paw” - without a residue or “into the bowl” (“in the oblo”) - with the remainder. When cutting into a “bowl”, the logs at the corners go beyond the edges of the log house, while cutting “into the paw”, they are sawn exactly at the corners of the log house.

For the construction of a log house, freshly cut logs are used with medium humidity (80-90%). Such logs are more amenable to processing and assembled into a log house during natural drying are practically not deformed.

During the construction of a log house, manual calibration of logs is used, as well as manual processing of a log with a planer, staple or grinder. Manual knurling allows you to give the log a perfectly smooth and even surface without damaging the protective layer of wood - sapwood. With this treatment, the mechanical and resinous parts are not damaged. Manual tilting of a log with a planer is necessarily carried out along the fibers and resinous pockets of the log. Resin pockets due to this treatment are clogged, which provides the log with additional protection from moisture. High-quality fitting of logs guarantees uniform and minimal shrinkage, warmth, reliability and durability of the structure.

The construction of log houses is carried out on a specially equipped production base with a developed infrastructure. The log house stands assembled for some time. Then the log crowns are marked and the walls are dismantled. Further, all the elements of the log house are combined into groups, carefully packed and transported to the construction site to the customer.

Projects of log houses can be individual or typical. Ready-made projects of log cabins of houses, in which, at the request of the future owner, subsequent internal reconstruction is done, are cheaper. Depending on the desire and financial capabilities of the client, you can build real royal mansions or an economical version of a cozy home.

A log house can stand for 500 years, becoming a family estate for several generations. In a log house, all the necessary properties are combined in the most ideal way, allowing it to best meet all the requirements for housing. These are environmental friendliness, aesthetic beauty, naturalness, warmth, comfort, durability, reliability, an ideal microclimate for human health, and others. But all these advantages will be fully revealed only if the house is built by real craftsmen who know all the secrets of wooden housing construction accumulated over the centuries. It is these golden hands of highly qualified craftsmen who are engaged in the construction of log cabins in our company.

The SibSrub company is a high-quality and conscientious work done at all stages of construction, which guarantees absolute reliability, durability, warmth, comfort and beauty of your home

Articles on construction

Finishing materials from wood

Finishing materials made of wood - the best for life. With the complex stages of planning and building your home behind you, you are on the verge of perhaps the most creative stage of work - finishing your home. And if a wooden house, as a rule, does not need external decoration, then internal, even the most minimal, is necessary.

What is a lafe?

Carriage - oval planed two-edged timber with a thickness of at least 20 cm of natural moisture. Carriage - oval planed two-edged timber with a thickness of at least 20 cm of natural moisture. Log cabins made of cedar are very durable, they are not afraid of high temperatures and exposure to aggressive chemicals, they have excellent soundproofing properties. This type of lumber is made from round logs.

What is a log house (log house)?

For the construction of hand-cut log houses, logs or gun carriages are used. Log houses reflect the best traditions of wooden architecture. A log house is a handmade work of a carpenter, so each log house is completely unique and unique. Chopped houses are called, the material for the construction of which is chopped, and not cut or sawn.

Various technologies for the manufacture of log houses

Description and comparison of different types of wood construction, from hand-cutting to frame technologies. Fortunately, today you can choose dozens of materials to build your dream home, each of which combines many excellent properties. But only wood is the natural material that can create optimal conditions for human life. Firstly, the tree “breathes” through micropores, which maintains the oxygen balance in the house and the required level of humidity.

Casing device for installing windows and doors in a log house

The technology of installing windows and doors in a log house has a special specificity, knowledge and skill of a carpenter. The installation of windows and doors in a log house is very different from those installed in a building made of stone or other materials. In particular, a design feature associated with a wooden house is the impossibility of rigidly fixing windows or doors to wall ends (openings).

Types of wood used in construction

Increasingly, we can observe the desire of many people to escape from the bustle of the city and build their own country house - spacious and comfortable, made exclusively from environmentally friendly materials, which will become a real family treasure for many, many decades. Each type of wood has its own set of advantages and benefits that every potential owner of a wooden house needs to know, because it is up to you to decide which wood aroma will fill the space of your house or bath.

Mezhventsovy warming materials for a felling

What materials are used for insulation and caulking of a log house between the crowns of logs, beams or carriages. Among the tape seals, lnovatin (Eurolen), flax jute, and jute are considered the most common. But this does not mean that traditional (non-rolled) materials - moss, tow, hemp, felt - have gone into oblivion. They, as before, are successfully used for caulking joints along with mezhventsovy tape seals.

Myths about wooden houses

Erroneous statements deprive people of the pleasure of living in a private wooden house. In Europe, Japan, Canada and the USA, unlike in Russia, the lion's share of private houses is built of wood - here it is very popular, respected and revered. The inhabitants of these countries value a healthy lifestyle, so they choose everything that is eco-friendly and natural. It is amazing that in Russia, where wood has been considered the main building material from time immemorial, wooden housing construction has been undeservedly overgrown with a mass of ridiculous myths.

Every day wooden houses are becoming more popular. After all, today it is no longer a hut in the classical sense, but a real luxurious cottage or a cozy exquisite house. Thanks to modern building technologies, you can implement any design solutions and build a house in the desired style.

A wooden cottage or dacha will harmoniously fit into every landscape and become a real decoration. It is comfortable to live in such a house, because the tree is environmentally friendly, has a pleasant forest aroma and high thermal insulation. In this article, we will take a closer look at what a frame made of timber or logs is.

The main characteristics of the log house: turnkey and shrinkage houses

A log house is a wooden structure, which consists of a bar or log, fastened together. The log house does not imply the presence of a roof, ceilings and floors. Thus, it turns out a log house for shrinkage. Shrinkage takes 6-12 months, depending on the type of materials, the quality of work and the climate in the construction area. After shrinkage, finishing work is carried out. A turnkey house implies a full scope of work, which includes finishing, installation of the roof and foundation, installation of windows and doors, installation and connection of communications.

During the installation of the log house, the materials are stacked on top of each other and connected in the corners in various ways. When attaching logs, a cutting “in the paw”, “in a bowl” and a Canadian felling are distinguished.

• Cutting "in the paw" - connecting the ends in such a way as to get a large spike. With the help of spikes, the logs are fixed to each other. This method saves building materials and simplifies finishing, and is also easy to assemble. Among the shortcomings, one can single out the fact that a log house without proper finishing and special cashing will let in cold and moisture;
• Bowl felling is a more traditional way, in which notches are cut out in the form of a bowl, into which the ends of the logs of the adjacent wall are laid. Such a log house retains heat better and is protected from moisture. In addition, the corners and the structure do not need additional exterior finishing. But such a structure will cost more;
• Canadian felling - cutting recesses in the form of a trapezoid, where the ends of the log of the adjacent wall are also laid. In this case, the logs are cut to the shape of the bowl, and the elements of the corner joints are in contact with each other over the entire area.

In a wooden frame from a log, types of “castles” in the corners of the building are distinguished. The main types include options “without a remainder” and “with a remainder”. In the first case, the angle turns out to be right, and in the second, part of the material goes beyond the boundaries of the walls. Corners “without residue” mean cutting “in the paw”, corners “with the remainder” - Canadian cutting and cutting “in the bowl”. Experts note that it is better to choose the second method. Let it be more expensive, but the log house will turn out to be of better quality and more reliable. In addition, such a house looks more elegant and aesthetically pleasing.

Chetverik, five-wall and other types of log cabins

The most common type is a structure of four walls or a quadrangle in the form of a square and a rectangle. Such a log house is easy to design, plan and build, and also simplifies the further arrangement of the interior. When opposite walls are longer, a transverse fifth wall is installed to make the structure more rigid. Such a log house is called a five-wall.

When a second inner wall is installed perpendicular to the first, such a house is called a cross. Additional internal walls reinforce the structure, make the structure more durable, reliable and stable. In addition, there is a shesterik or a log house in the form of a hexagon and an octagon or a house with eight sides.

Modern construction methods allow you to build a house from a bar or log in any form and shape. In the MariSrub catalog you will find a wide selection of ready-made projects for a country cottage, summer house, bathhouse or gazebo with any number of walls. Here you will find one- and two-story buildings, houses with an attic, a terrace and a balcony, projects with a built-in garage and a sauna, a private boiler room and much more. Choose the sketch you like, and the firm's architect will add the necessary changes. Or order a custom project!

Crowns in a wooden frame

Crown - one row of logs or beams, which are laid perpendicular to each other and fastened at the corners. Such rows form the walls of the house. Allocate the first or overhead crowns, the lower trim or the second crowns, window sills (logs or timber from the lower trim to the window), window (for arranging a window opening) and overwindows (rows of logs or timber over window crowns).

First install crown crowns of the thickest and most durable materials, then lay the lower ones. It is important to carefully check the evenness nearby using the building level. Much attention should be paid to window crowns and the arrangement of the window frame. For laying this crown, shortened lumber is used. In the finished log house, a casing box or pigtail is made. It represents a wooden frame, which is inserted into the window opening. The pigtail will avoid the appearance of cracks and deformation of the window structure during the shrinkage of the log house. For more information on installing window blocks, see.

The frame, as a rule, is assembled in separate parts. Then the parts are transferred to a pre-prepared foundation. For stability, the crown crown of the lower side is hewn. During installation, carefully check the corners using the diagonal method. To do this, measure the diagonal of the crowns and, if necessary, change the position of the row by moving either end. After shrinkage, the log house is insulated. To do this, insulation is laid between the crowns, walls are caulked and other similar finishing work is carried out with a timber or log wall.

Nagels and overcuts

To prevent the walls from warping and cracking after construction, it is important to properly fix the materials to each other. The most affordable and convenient way is to use dowels. These are fastening pins that are installed inside a log or beam. Today they produce wooden and metal dowels. For a wooden structure, it is better to use the first option, since such fasteners are optimally combined with natural material and do not violate the environmental friendliness of the structure.

Choose wooden pins with the most even surface without knots and defects. Metal fasteners are made from rebar. They injure the wood from the inside and reduce the strength of the walls, so metal dowels are not recommended for wooden houses. We learned what a dowel is, and now let's look at how to properly install these fasteners.

Dowel installation includes the following:

• Holes are made in the crowns at a distance of 1.5-2 meters using a drill with a special nozzle;
• The holes are made a little larger in diameter than the dowel;
• The first dowel is hammered in an interval of 0.5 meters from the corner of the house;
• Install the remaining dowels strictly vertically;
• You only need to hammer fasteners with a wooden mallet, as a metal hammer will damage the wooden dowel;
• The fastening of the crowns is done in a checkerboard pattern;
• In the process of work, it is important to firmly hold the beam or log in one position.

The use of dowels will prevent gaps between the crowns. In no case do not replace the dowels with self-tapping screws! Wooden materials fastened with self-tapping screws are gradually destroyed due to the appearance of rust.

If the house has long walls, then dowels alone are not enough for fastening. In this case, they make a cut. Pererub - the intersection of the inner and outer walls. It is important to plan these places already at the design stage of the house. Through cutting through “into the bowl” with an exit to the outside or with an external wall “into the paw” is possible.

Logging material: timber or log

We examined what a log house is. But what is the best choice for building such a house? Traditionally, timber or pine logs are used for construction. Pine is a strong and durable raw material, which characterizes the availability, resistance to moisture and the original texture. With proper processing, the material will last a long time. Experts recommend choosing winter wood, as it is more durable, dense and stable.

Which material to choose depends more on taste preferences. Both timber and logs are distinguished by high thermal insulation qualities, aesthetic appearance, environmental friendliness, 100% naturalness and safety. Experts advise using profiled timber, chopped or rounded logs.

• The profiled beam is distinguished by its ideal shape, minimal shrinkage and cost-effectiveness. It retains heat well and is easy to sand. However, during shrinkage, it is prone to cracking;
• Chopped log is a material with an interesting relief that will create the design of a real wooden manor or tower. The processing of the log takes place manually, in which the minimum top layer is removed, which allows you to preserve the natural properties of the tree and increases the resistance of the material to moisture and insects;
• The rounded log has a more accurate appearance and smooth sides. It is characterized by an ideal geometric shape, which allows you to quickly and easily stack materials. In addition, cylindering is easier to process and coat with paints and varnishes.

Both from a bar, and from a log the good beautiful solid house will turn out. The timber cottage is a neat, modern and practical European-style building. A log house looks more authentic and original. Both materials are distinguished by the need for protective treatment, since natural wood is subject to the negative influence of external factors. But with proper care, such problems will not arise.

MariSrub company builds wooden houses from winter pine. We select wood, manufacture and sort products ourselves! This allows you to carefully monitor the quality and offer houses cheaper than competitors, as we work without intermediaries. A house from the manufacturer is a guarantee of reliability and quality at a low price.

Both timber and logs undergo high-quality treatment with antiseptics and flame retardants at the stages of manufacturing, construction and finishing. Protective agents will prevent the appearance of rot, mold and insects. They retain the original properties and color of wood, protect the log house from the spread of fire in case of fire. We offer turnkey and shrinkage construction according to an individual or standard project.

Cracks, not infected with a fungus or arboreal beetle. Logs for walls should have a cut diameter of 18 to 40 cm.

The logs in the log house are stacked one on top of the other (“in a cage”), and in the corners they are connected “into a bowl” (or “into a cloud”) - with protruding ends of the logs, - or “in a paw” (or “in a tooth”) - without protrusion, - as well as other connections.

The first (collar) crown is laid from thicker logs. The crowns are joined together in a groove, which is selected from the underside of each log. The width of the groove, depending on climatic conditions, ranges from 13 to 15 cm. The best shape of the groove is a semicircle, the worst is a triangle. To insulate the grooves, both traditional heat-insulating materials are used - moss, linen tow, felt, and modern - tape insulation based on jute. To give the walls stability, during the construction of the house, the crowns are reinforced with plug-in spikes 12-15 cm high, placing them 1.5-2 m in length and in a checkerboard pattern along the height of the log house. In the piers, spikes are installed one above the other (at least two).

Due to the shrinkage of the wood and the compaction of the insulation laid in the grooves, the chopped walls in the first 1-1.5 years after the construction of the house shrink, reaching 1/20-1/30 of the original height of the log house. Therefore, if the height of the room should be 3 m clean, then when felling, the log house should be made 15-20 cm higher. The depth of the nests for the spikes is also made 1.5-2 cm more than the length of the spikes. Above the window and door openings of a wooden structure, a special clearance for draft is left, equal to 1/20 of the height of the opening. This gap is filled with heat-insulating material, and after upsetting, a bar is inserted into it and caulked.

The stability of chopped walls of great length is achieved by placing internal main walls with "cuts" at a distance of no more than 6.5 m with a log diameter of 22 cm and 8.5 - with a diameter of 25 cm. At large distances between the internal walls, the outer walls are reinforced with compression or short stacks. In the corners, the walls are connected in various ways, “in a cup” with the rest, “in a paw”, “in a Norwegian cup”, “in a Canadian cup”. The logs are connected along the length with a straight spike.

Winter and summer forest

The log house is usually divided into a winter forest and a summer forest. The differences between them are not very large, but it is considered [ by whom?] that winter has a higher quality, is more resistant to cracking under the influence of temperature changes. As a rule, coniferous trees, such as pines and spruces, are referred to the winter forest. Such trees contain a lot of resin. Much more than similar trees, but in summer.

The moisture content of living tree wood varies with the season. Usually the lowest humidity is in summer and the highest in winter. Moreover, the moisture content of the core and ripe wood changes slightly, the main changes occur in sapwood.

The advantage of winter trees over summer ones lies not only in what properties they have, but also in the fact that log cabins related to the cold season are cut in winter. This is due to the fact that pathogenic bacteria develop very slowly at low temperatures, which can subsequently spoil the tree. The risk of blue and mold is almost minimal. It is also important to take into account that in the cold the wood will dry out gradually, and therefore more evenly than when the temperature is high outside. This contributes to less cracking of the log house in the future. Usually, winter forests begin to be cut down in November or December. It is at this time that the movement of sap in the trees becomes minimal.

Cylindering

Progress also invades the manufacture of log cabins - there are more and more companies producing log cabins from rounded (milled, round in section) timber with a lower groove for laying on the previous crown, in the form of a complete set of parts - pieces of timber with bowls cut in the right places. Kind of a constructor. Details of the same diameter, accurately cut lower groove, simple marking make it much easier to assemble the log house on the spot, and make construction much cheaper. The most time-consuming operations lend themselves to mechanization during manufacture. This has serious drawbacks - part of the sapwood is removed when sizing the timber, which contributes to increased cracking and warping of the product, uneven shrinkage of the log house, it is no longer possible to orient the timber with the north side in the wall outward. The reverse situation is with manual felling, which provides a thin and even fit of logs to each other, making the structure dense and reliable, protecting the house from the formation of cracks in the intervents and groove joints in the future.

gun carriage

Currently gaining popularity in Russia norwegian felling, more precisely, one of the types in which not round timber is used for laying walls, but a bed, that is, a two-edged beam. Lezhen, as applied to the Norwegian felling, is often incorrectly called by Russian construction companies carriage, extending this word to the whole specific style of the Norwegian felling (apparently due to consonance with Norwegian Lafteverk). For a corner connection, instead of a round bowl, it is cut down "Norwegian Castle"- a special wedge-shaped notch with a hidden spike and groove. For greater showiness in this style of Norwegian felling, they tend to make “carriages” from logs with a diameter of 40-50 cm in diameter.

The carriage is obtained from a log by sawing two opposite slabs. Instead of a sawmill, you can use the old method of trimming or chipping the sides with an ax, while the resulting slab goes to the hew, but these methods are more time consuming. Further, the remaining untouched semicircular surfaces are debarked and the gun carriage is completely shaved by hand with an electric planer until white.

The next stage is laying the gun carriage in the log house. The log is placed on the log below, lying "on edge". Thus, the future groove of the log is drawn, which is manually selected with a special ax - adze. This ensures a snug fit of the carriage to each other, makes the groove as wide as possible, which makes it possible to lay a sufficient amount of heat-insulating material. At the corner joint, a complex system of trapezoidal lines is drawn, forming the contour of the future "bowl". After numerous measurements, notches are made, choosing a rough job. Further, a wedge-shaped lock is also manually selected with an ax, which, when viewed from above, forms, as it were, a “saddle”, the side surfaces of which are carefully polished right in the process of making the lock itself. Completing the connection device, a hidden spike is made inside, which enters the hidden groove of the lower log. This is usually done in the outer corner joints of the house, providing additional thermal insulation and an increase in rigidity. It is believed that the "Norwegian castle" is better than a round bowl due to better wedging during shrinkage and shrinkage of the log house, which prevents the logs from turning from their internal stresses. The more shrinkage and shrinkage, the denser the lock.

Canadian felling

At Canadian felling high-precision adjustment of logs is used, there are no gaps between logs, the bowl has a trapezoidal shape, the walls look like a solid array, the seal remains invisible.

The absence of gaps between the logs is achieved by using a special marking device, and the insulation is placed along the log in the insulating channel. At the same time, all the natural curves of the log are preserved, which gives each house, each wall a uniqueness and individual character. The pinnacle of carpentry skill is tightly fitted corner joints of logs with millimeter accuracy. The logs' own weight, combined with a tight fit, gives the house strength and reliability.

A feature of this technology is the preservation of a strong outer layer of wood, which prevents the walls from freezing at low temperatures and significantly increases the life of the building. Carefully preserved outer layer is involved in proper air filtration by wood, creates a unique microclimate inside the building, cool in summer and warm in winter. Additionally, maintaining a strong outer layer (outer 3-5 cm) makes the wood more resistant to environmental influences, mold, fungus, blueing, structural changes under the influence of ultraviolet rays due to natural protection.

Wood is a very strong and durable material, which allows it to be used as the main product in the construction of houses. Today, such structures are increasingly common, as they have many advantages with a relatively simple construction technology.

There are quite a few different designs of wooden houses on the market. You can get acquainted with them in more detail by visiting the website of the Kudesnik77 company.

Basic concepts

A log house is a wooden structure, where a specially processed log is used as the main material. Often, this technology is used to build not only residential buildings, but also baths, towers and temples.

There are quite a few types of log cabins, which can be divided into several main types:

• gorodnya;
• tumbler;
• quadruple;
• six, etc.

All of them have their own characteristics, which often differ in the shape and size of the structure.

Construction technology

The construction of log cabins is made from wooden decks, which have a certain shape and are fitted to each other. The process of building such structures can be divided into several successive stages:

1. The first step is logging. Often the tree is felled in winter, which will give it better characteristics.
2. Processing and receiving logs. There are several types of such products that differ in shape (cylinders, carriage and Canadian felling). The latter type of product is made in such a way that it allows you to hide all connections during construction. This gives the effect of a solid wall.
3. When the tree is ready, the logs are laid. It should be noted that, depending on their type, they are connected in different ways, but the process involves their alternate dressing in layers. So there is a connection method "in the paw" or "in the cloud", which differ in the shape of the groove. Between themselves, the layers of wood can be additionally fastened with dowels, which makes it possible to obtain a solid structure. It is also necessary to lay a heater between the logs, which can be a tourniquet or tow based on natural substances.

Upon completion of the construction of the log house, the building must undergo shrinkage. At the same time, some structures should be kept for several years so that all joints get used well to each other.

A log house is a universal design that has not only a beautiful design, but also durable technical properties, which makes it possible to operate the house for quite a long time.