Gas burners for boiler rooms. Varieties of gas burners for heating boilers. Types of universal boilers using a gas burner

Gas burners for heating boilers are primarily responsible for the efficient operation of the boiler.

The design and properties of the burner must be studied before buying the unit: the future fuel consumption, the ability to adjust the intensity of the flame, the level of automation of the boiler (types of automation for gas heating boilers) depend on this.

Working principle and requirements

The process proceeds with the release of thermal energy. Energy heats up the coolant in the next working unit - the heat exchanger. Combustion products are discharged to the street in one way or another.

What requirements must the burner meet:

simple design, reliability;
long service life;
low noise level;
ease of switching from one fuel to another (if it is provided for in the boiler design);
low emission of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide during combustion makes the boiler almost ecologically perfect. Of course, the chimney and exhaust must be arranged correctly.

Classification by air supply method

This method depends on the design of the furnace.

The furnace can be open and closed.

In the first case, air is taken directly from the room, and combustion gases exit through a standard chimney.

The second option assumes that both air intake and smoke removal are carried out by means of coaxial tubes passing through through holes in the wall.

Low temperature burner

In open furnaces gas atmospheric burners for heating boilers are used.

The principle of operation is simple: gas enters the wick through the ejector, air is drawn in from the boiler room.

Ignition is carried out by small low-temperature flames. This type can be used in any boiler, from primitive units of old design to modern advanced models.

In addition to simplicity, low cost and versatility, atmospheric burners have another plus: low noise level.

Possibilities of using ejector burners

If you have enough money to buy a combined boiler, you are in luck: two autonomous fireboxes, you can easily switch from wood heating to gas heating and vice versa (overview of types of gas heating boilers for a private house). But universal / combined boilers are not a budget option.

Fan burner (pressure)

In closed fireboxes, the free flow of air to the wick is impossible, therefore, they resort to artificial injection. The firebox includes a built-in fan that forces air into the chamber.

This burner is not as versatile as the previous one, but it has another advantage: it is easier to integrate into a fully automated boiler control system (about heating schemes for a private house with a gas boiler).

The fan burner multiblock includes the following parts:

gas filter;
pressure regulator;
flow regulator;
reducer;
relay for switching off and forced switching on of the burner in case of pressure drop/increase;
fan relay (turns off the burner when the fan motor stops).

It is desirable that an uninterruptible power supply be present in the system in case of a sudden power outage.

The disadvantages of this type of burners are high cost and complexity. Boilers for them need to be completely redone, they are not suitable for all units.

Classification by type of fuel

The gas boiler can operate on natural (main) gas methane or on liquefied from cylinders (propane-butane). To date, the difference in cost is negligible.

Since it is not always possible to connect to the mains in suburban conditions, you will most likely need a propane butane gas burner in the heating boiler.

Structurally, these boilers are the same, the burners have their own nuances. Burners for natural and liquid gas differ in the design of the nozzles. Many units are equipped with nozzles for both types of fuel.

Classification by type of ignition

Ignition of boilers can be electronic and piezo. Piezo ignition is carried out once, then the igniter is constantly on, regardless of the gas supply. Electronic - depends. Triggered when the supply valve is opened: the fuel is ignited by an electrostatic spark.

The second option is considered more economical. It also prolongs the life of the burner. But this is a volatile method: with frequent and prolonged power outages, the boiler will be idle.

How to choose a burner

When choosing, the following characteristics are important: range, power and method of adjustment. The power should be greater than that of the combustion chamber: this will allow you to further regulate the operation of the boiler in a wide range.

Adjustment differs in the number of power steps. There can be one or two steps, as well as modulated adjustment (smooth over the entire range).

Among the brands, German (Buderus, Vaillant), Italian (Lamborghini), Slovak (Protherm) are in special demand. Gas burners for Russian-made heating boilers are presented by the products of Zhukovsky Machine-Building Plant, Lemarks, Conord.

It should also be noted gas burners for heating boilers Vakula. The company specializes in the manufacture of automation for burners.

Features of gas burners with automation for heating boilers manufactured by Vakula:

piezoelectric ignition;
coolant temperature adjustment - from 40 to 90?;
adjustment of gas supply to the fuse;
gas flow adjustment;
the ability to work at reduced gas pressure;
automatic shutdown in case of reverse thrust or a sudden cessation of gas supply.

Gas burners for floor heating boilers come in all types: atmospheric and pressurized, electronic and with piezoelectric ignition.

Which type of ignition is best depends on whether you want to make the system fully automated or prefer manual control and non-volatile equipment.

The choice between an atmospheric and fan burner is largely determined by the power. A floor-standing boiler with an atmospheric burner produces 10 to 80 kW or more.

The power of a boiler with forced draft burner reaches several thousand kW. Whether it is necessary to overpay a lot of money for a boiler with such characteristics is up to you.

Read this article of ours if you are making a choice of economical gas heating boilers for a private house.

If you are going to add a warm floor to the heating system, then see this section.

Video gas burners for heating boilers. Alteration.

ks5.ru

Gas burner for heating boiler

The main working unit of any gas boiler is a gas burner. It provides the preparation of the air-fuel mixture, its supply to the combustion chamber and the formation of a stable flame. It is the gas burner for a gas heating boiler that determines its efficiency and reliability. When choosing equipment, special attention should be paid to the type of burner design and its features.

Device

For complete combustion of natural gas and maximum heat transfer, it must be mixed with a certain amount of air with a normal oxygen content, which acts as an oxidizing agent. At the outlet, the fuel mixture of gas and air should burn with an almost colorless flame with a bluish tint and a maximum temperature. By design, gas burners differ in the method of supplying gas and air, mixing the components and the method of forming a flame.

As part of domestic heating boilers, mainly only two types of gas burners are used according to the method of preparing the fuel mixture:

atmospheric;
fan (inflatable).

In addition, there are diffusion, injection, recuperative, regenerative burners, with preliminary full or partial mixing, but they are in demand mainly in industrial boilers and process equipment. Atmospheric and inflatable types are often improved using aspects specific to other types of structures, but the principle of operation remains the same.

The type of burner determines the requirements for the design of the combustion chamber, heat exchanger, the performance of the boiler and the method of exhaust gases and exhaust. The last parameter is the key to choosing a boiler. For atmospheric burners, a chimney is required to maintain natural draft. For inflatables, it is enough to bring a special coaxial chimney out of the redistribution of the room.

For heating boilers, it is important to control not only the combustion process as such, but also the output thermal power, because the goal is to heat the coolant and maintain a constant set temperature. This is how the main operational characteristic is determined - the method of power adjustment:

single-stage;
two-stage;
with smooth flame adjustment;
modulation.

Riello single stage burner

In the first case, the gas burner operates in only one mode of complete combustion of all incoming gas. The main advantage is a simple design and, accordingly, low cost of equipment. However, it is required to constantly turn the gas supply on and off in order to maintain the required coolant temperature. The output is three significant drawbacks: increased gas consumption, strong fluctuations in the temperature of the coolant in the boiler, reduced resource with frequent on / off.

The two-stage power adjustment mode allows the boiler to operate at full power or only at 40-60%. This is achieved by limiting the gas combustion field, actually blocking some of the outlet nozzles and limiting the volume of incoming gas or controlling the inlet pressure, reducing or increasing the size of the flame.

Smooth adjustment of the flame means adjusting the volume of incoming gas to the entire volume of the gas burner. The size of the flame torch decreases or increases and, accordingly, the resulting thermal power of the boiler is within 40-100%.

Modulating burners actually combine a two- or three-stage process with continuously variable control. It is possible to limit the combustion field by turning off part of the nozzles, as well as adjust the size of the flame. As a result, power is adjusted from 10 to 100% in a fully automatic mode while maintaining high efficiency.

atmospheric

Natural gas is mixed with air directly from the room. The principle of a simple ejector is used. The gas enters the nozzles of a special shape inside the burner channel, where there is access to external air, and at some distance a number of outlet slots are formed, where the already prepared gas-air mixture enters. In the area from the nozzle to the outlet, a directed gas jet forms a vacuum, constantly drawing air from the outside and mixing with it.

Atmospheric burner operation scheme

The combustion field in the combustion chamber is formed by rows of parallel channels, each of which has a separate nozzle.

After combustion, the heated exhaust rises under the influence of natural draft upwards to the heat exchanger, giving off part of the energy, and further into the chimney channel. Due to the difference in air temperature inside the room and in the chimney, draft and air movement are formed, due to which a new portion of oxygen is constantly supplied to the burner.

Advantages:

simplicity of design, low cost of components;
energy independence, combustion and its maintenance occurs due to the established process of air circulation and pressure in the gas main;
simple principle of output power adjustment;
noiselessness;
compact dimensions and low weight;
Easy to install, replace and maintain.

Disadvantages:

a chimney is required;
the quality of gas combustion depends on the composition of the air and on the quality of execution of all components of the gas burner and the level of thrust, which largely depends on external factors.

Fan

Scheme of the fan burner device

Inflatable gas burners are more complex in design and control, but they provide almost complete automatic control of the combustion process, heat output and gas flow. Air for mixing with natural gas is taken from outside the room and forced into the combustion chamber by means of a powerful fan. By controlling the fan and damper, it is possible to strictly regulate the proportions of gas and air depending on the gas pressure, the operating mode of the boiler and even the composition of the incoming air.

The removal of exhaust and exhaust gases is forced. There is no need to leave the exhaust too hot to maintain thrust, which means more heat is transferred to the coolant, increasing the efficiency of boiler equipment. A coaxial chimney is used, consisting of two pipes of different diameters, moreover, one is inserted inside the other. The exhaust is discharged through the inner pipe to the outside, and in the gap between the pipes fresh air enters the burner.

Since the supply of air, gas and their mixing is forced, inflatable gas burners are much easier to design for the use of several types of fuel: gas and liquid fuels (diesel fuel, gasoline, ethyl alcohol and kerosene).

Advantages

full control of the preparation of the fuel mixture and combustion;
wide range of power settings;
reduction in overall gas consumption;
increased boiler efficiency;
the possibility of installation in apartments or houses that are not equipped with a chimney;
the ability to combine the type of fuel without alteration and reconfiguration of the burner and combustion chamber.

Disadvantages:

high cost of equipment;
volatility, if there is no electricity, the gas supply is cut off;
maintenance and operation only with the involvement of specialists.

For continuous operation of the boiler with an inflatable gas burner, the installation of a UPS (uninterruptible power supply) is required, and a voltage stabilizer is also desirable.

Automatic

Preparing the fuel mixture and supporting the combustion process are fairly simple tasks, and are solved by the design of the burner itself, the shape of the nozzle, and the output nozzles. The automation unit in any heating boiler is responsible for other tasks:

igniter burning support, ignition using a piezoelectric element or a spark gap;
adjustment of thermal power;
handling any emergency situations.

The latter include:

lack of draft for atmospheric burners or problems in the operation of the fan for inflatable ones;
low pressure in the gas line;
attenuation of the igniter or burner flame;
exceeding the permissible temperature of the equipment.

The reaction to emergencies is always the same - shut off the gas supply and, if possible, signal the user about a problem.

Setting

Preliminary adjustment is mandatory for atmospheric gas burners. It is necessary to adjust the air damper, the gas dosing jet and the position of the nozzle so that the output is a flame with uniform burning and an even bluish color, which will signal the correct proportion of gas and air.

In inflatable gas burners, the air supply is automated and controlled by an electronic control unit. The initial settings have little to no effect on the mechanical components of the system, with the exception of the damper at the air inlet, which determines the maximum and minimum intake volume.

Fan systems are equipped with a reducer that normalizes the inlet pressure, which solves the problem of setting the proportions for the gas-air mixture. Depending on the operating pressure in the gas pipes, the operating mode of the reducer is determined.

Typically, gas burners are manufactured by specialized factories and then supplied to boiler assembly plants. This ensures unification and improves the maintainability of boiler equipment. Common domestic models:

KChM. It is equipped with three nozzle channels and is intended mainly for installation on Kontur boilers. It is often used for the conversion of solid fuel boilers with the possibility of combined use of gas and coal as fuel. The fixing plate, on which the burner is fixed, ensures easy assembly/disassembly. The adjusting nut for the damper and the jet are located on the outside, allowing initial adjustment without dismantling.
"Hearth". A burner with a wide combustion field is designed for medium and high power boilers. Equipped with a mechanical control unit and a gas pressure controller for fully automatic operation of the equipment.
"Cooper". Universal burner capable of operating on gas, liquid fuel and for installation in solid fuel boilers as a fallback. Among the advantages are a compact size and a convenient mounting plate, for installation without additional plumbing and, especially, welding.
UGOP-P. Atmospheric gas burner, often found in domestic heating boilers. Among the features, simplicity of design and maintainability. However, reliability remains in question, a sufficiently high sensitivity to the purity of the supplied air and gas.

From foreign manufacturers, the choice is between:

Buderus
Lamborghini
Weishaupt
Cib Unigas

The basis of the product range is represented by fan burners of monoblock type with a power of up to tens of megawatts. For a private house, models with a thermal power of up to 100 kW are of interest, which are installed on existing heating boilers instead of old burners. Thus, without replacing all boiler equipment, an increase in power and a significant improvement in performance are obtained.

How to clean

Over time, gas burners require cleaning and maintenance. If the equipment has a fine filter, then it must be cleaned or replaced. If there is no filter, then you need to clean the nozzles, in which dust, dirt and oily substances that enter them with gas accumulate.

Cleaning is carried out with compressed air, but only if its pressure does not exceed the allowable for this type of burner or simply with a jet of air. Nozzles can be cleaned with medium-hard, short-haired polymer brushes, but special cleaning compounds do a better job, in which any dirt soaks and easily comes off without damaging the base.

Outlet nozzles are often clogged due to dirt and dust coming from the air. Dirt should be cleaned either with special cleaning agents, soapy water, or in a dry state with an air jet and a brush of medium hardness.

Atmospheric burners are easy to clean. It is quite easy to disassemble and all the elements are available even for self-cleaning, without the involvement of a specialist. Inflatable burners must be sent for maintenance (maintenance) only at service centers or on site by a master, if it is possible to call him to your home.

udobnovdome.ru

Varieties of gas burners for heating boilers

The heart of any gas boiler is a burner with a heat exchanger installed above it. The burner provides combustion of gaseous fuel, generating heat. In turn, the heat is absorbed by the heat exchanger and sent to the heating system. It is the burners that the current review will be devoted to.

We will tell you what a gas burner for a solid fuel boiler is, and also give information about the types of burners for gas boilers.

A gas burner is one of the most important components of any boiler. She is responsible for creating a sustainable flame. This is where the fuel is burned. The received heat rises up to the heat exchanger, where it almost completely passes into the coolant. Combustion products, together with the remaining heat, are somehow removed into the atmosphere.

The device of a gas burner for a boiler is extremely simple - it includes several main components:

The low emission of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide during combustion makes the boiler almost ecologically perfect.

Nozzle - gas is ejected from here;
Ignition system - provides gas ignition;
Automation system - controls the temperature;
Flame sensor - monitors the presence of fire.

Simply put, this is exactly what it looks like. And how these or those types of gas burners differ from each other in various models of boilers, you will find out a little later.

A modern gas burner for a heating boiler is a device that has certain requirements. First of all, quiet operation is important. I immediately recall some models of Soviet instantaneous water heaters, where the flame was noisy with the force of a hurricane. Modern samples burn relatively quietly (attention is also paid to quiet ignition, without pops and explosions). An additional influence on the noise level is exerted by the design of the combustion chambers.

Long service life - if you remember the old gas units, they served for quite a long time (in those days everything was done for centuries). Today, such technologies no longer exist, so burners in boilers often break. There is only one way out - to buy units from trusted brands, which use components of normal quality. As for any Chinese junk from obscure manufacturers, everything is obvious here - you should not take it.

The same applies to cheap Russian-made boilers - short-lived burners are often installed in them.

Complete combustion of the gas is another important requirement. The burner for a gas boiler must burn the fuel completely, with a minimum release of carbon monoxide and other related components. However, everything here depends not only on it - other nodes also influence the quality of combustion. We must not forget about proper gas removal, for which you need to have a clean chimney with good draft at your disposal. As for the principle of operation of a gas burner, it is simple:

In the burner, the combusted gas is combined with air. At high temperatures, a chemical reaction occurs with the formation of carbon dioxide and water.

The boiler fixes the discrepancy between the temperature in the heating circuit and the parameters set by the users;
The gas valve opens, gas begins to flow into the burner;
At the same time, the ignition system is activated;
The gas is ignited and a flame is formed.

At the same time, the control of the presence of a flame begins to work - if the fire suddenly goes out, the automation will cut off the supply of blue fuel. As soon as the temperature in the heating system reaches the set limit, the gas supply will be shut off.

The implementation of flame control is implemented in gas burners in different ways. Somewhere there is a simple thermoelement, and advanced boilers with electronics-based automation are endowed with ionization control systems.

For a long time, the simplest boilers, devoid of complex electronics and advanced automation, reigned on the market. They needed full-fledged chimneys and had to be installed in rooms with good ventilation. Today, there are units on sale that can be operated in almost any conditions. Along with them, traditional models are also sold. All of them differ in the design of gas burners.

The use of atmospheric gas burners greatly simplifies the design of heating equipment. They work due to the natural influx of oxygen, and full-fledged chimneys are used to remove combustion products. Since oxygen is taken from the room, it must be well ventilated. Let's look at the main advantages of atmospheric boilers:

Simplicity of design - has a direct impact on the cost of equipment;
Low noise level - there are no additional fans, only the flame is buzzing;
Higher reliability - a completely understandable pattern works here that equipment with a minimum of parts breaks down much less and less often;
Energy independence - thanks to this, the equipment can work in buildings in which there is no electrification.

There are also some disadvantages:

Not the highest efficiency - you have to put up with this drawback. More advanced gas boilers with closed burners are more economical and efficient;
The need for a full-fledged chimney that goes to the roof - in houses under construction, this is an additional cost;
The installation of a boiler with an atmospheric gas burner should be carried out in a specially designated room where there is ventilation and a window - sometimes it is problematic to follow these requirements.

It is also necessary to note the possibility of incomplete combustion of gaseous fuel.

We have come close to the most modern heating equipment equipped with closed-type gas burners. Such boilers are often called "turbocharged". They are equipped with compact chimneys, often extending directly beyond the opposite wall. This is very convenient, especially when the building is under construction - no need to suffer with the arrangement of the chimney and ventilation ducts.

A boiler with a closed combustion chamber is a heating unit in which the gas burner is enclosed in a special chamber. Oxygen comes here from the outside, through a special coaxial chimney. Through it, combustion products are removed. All flows are controlled by a powerful fan with automatically controlled speed. If desired, a "turbocharged" boiler can be mounted in an absolutely sealed room, devoid of ventilation and windows.

A coaxial chimney is a kind of “pipe in pipe” design. It serves to take in outside air and to remove combustion products. Such a chimney is displayed at an arbitrary point on the nearest wall, but not closer than half a meter to the nearest windows (more stringent requirements may apply).

Advantages of gas boilers with closed burners:

Possibility of installation in any premises - in kitchens, in basements, in bathrooms (even in the bedroom);
Increased safety - gas burns in an isolated chamber. Even if it goes out, and the automation does not respond to this, the gas-air mixture will be removed outside the apartment / house;
Increased efficiency - gas boilers with closed burners are indeed more efficient, but this does not apply to all models;
More efficient temperature control - for this, a fan shaft speed control system is used here;
High environmental friendliness - the fuel burns almost completely.

Unfortunately, it is not without its drawbacks:

Increased safety and increased efficiency come at the cost of high noise levels and higher maintenance bills.

Increased complexity - gas burners for heating boilers have a more complex design, which makes it difficult to carry out repair work;
Slightly reduced reliability - the more parts, the lower the reliability of the system (the cheapest samples and Chinese models are especially often let down);
High price - in order to buy a "turbocharged" boiler, you will have to pay a round sum (they cost 10-15% more than their atmospheric counterparts);
Increased noise level - the fan installed in the system emits a hum (the noise level depends on the specific model);
Lack of energy independence - when the light is turned off, the equipment will stop its work. The problem is solved by installing an uninterruptible power supply.

Despite this, the use of these boilers for heating houses and apartments is becoming a definite trend.

The so-called condensing boilers are equipped with closed-type burners, which are characterized by increased efficiency due to the removal of heat from the combustion products.

Consider the division of gas burners according to the type of ignition. The easiest option is with a burning igniter (wick). When the automation is triggered, the wick ignites the gas and the boiler begins to heat the coolant. There are two disadvantages here - increased gas consumption and low security (the igniter can go out). Primary ignition is carried out with matches or with the help of a piezoelectric element that gives a spark.

Natural gas from the mains gives even combustion, without forming excessive soot on the walls of the chimney.

Electronic ignition of the burner provides for the presence of a high-voltage converter in the gas boiler. Energy is taken from batteries or the mains. The first option is used in non-volatile boilers that do not have electronic automation. The second option is relevant for complex units with electronics on board. Together with such ignition, modules for ionization control of the presence of a flame are often installed.

There is also a division according to the type of fuel used. Natural gas supplied from the pipeline is cleaner, it is supplied with optimal pressure (we do not consider cases of pressure surges in both directions). The flame in the boiler is clean, without soot. The equipment is connected to the network without alterations. There are burners that can run on propane - this requires setting up the system and installing a jet. The flame from the combustion of propane gives off yellow, there is an increased deposition of soot on the chimney.

Jets allow you to normalize propane pressure to an acceptable value - they are supplied as a kit or purchased separately.

A gas burner for a solid fuel heating boiler is a rather complex unit. It was created to transfer heating equipment from one type of fuel to another. That is, you can purchase a solid fuel (universal) unit for working on wood, and when a gas pipeline appears, transfer it to work with natural gas.

Maintenance of even the simplest gas burner is best entrusted to the master - the services of a specialist will come out cheaper than buying a new unit.

An automatic gas burner for a solid fuel boiler is built according to a fan circuit. Gas is supplied here, mixed with air, after which the finished fuel-air mixture is sent to the nozzle. Here it is ignited, forming a high-temperature torch of flame. On board the burner there is a powerful fan, an automation system, a gearbox and a gas filter. The unit requires electricity to operate. The product itself has a modular design (removable).

A typical example is a gas burner for a Cooper boiler. The boiler itself is a pellet boiler, but you can connect a replaceable burner to it and transfer it to natural or liquefied gas.

Some craftsmen make gas burners for boilers with their own hands (for solid fuel boilers). Be warned that this is not safe. And no one will let you connect such a structure to a gas main. Most often, such "crafts" are made on the basis of any gas units that have worked out their age. Remember that a homemade gas burner for heating your home is far from the best option. It is best to purchase the simplest gas non-volatile boiler and transfer it to bottled gas.

repair-system.ru

Classification of gas burners for heating boilers

The most efficient heating system based on natural gas. It is simple, convenient, does not require special expenses in the maintenance process. But in order for the efficiency indicators to be really high, it is necessary that the gas supplied to the burner has a certain concentration. In its pure form, it does not burn completely, but mixed in a certain proportion with air, it will burn to the end. This proportion can be provided by modern gas burners for heating boilers.

Classification and requirements

Let's start from the second position, that is, with the requirements that are currently imposed on gas burners for boilers.

First of all, with their help, it is necessary to accurately mix the air-gas mixture. This is precisely their main purpose. In this regard, manufacturers are making every effort to achieve a 100% result. Modern burners contain the latest developments and technologies that increase the efficiency of natural gas combustion to the maximum.
These devices should be easy to mount and easy to remove. No extra tricky fasteners. Everything is simple and reliable.
High durability. Let's just say that while the gas boiler itself is working, its burner should also work. At the same time, quality indicators should not change over time. That is why these units are made from high quality materials.
They must comply with the requirements of sanitary and hygienic standards. Particular attention to their silent operation.
Currently, manufacturers offer so-called combined designs that can run on different types of fuel. For example, gas is diesel fuel, main gas is liquefied gas. And even here there are some requirements. One of them is the rapid transition from one type of fuel to another.
Not the last place will be occupied by such an indicator as the low toxicity of emissions from fuel combustion. Engineers and designers seek to reduce this indicator by changing the design of the burner, in which the gas-air ratio will be optimal. This is what will affect the reduction of toxicity of emissions. By the way, toxicity refers to the amount of carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide) and nitric oxide in the products of fuel combustion. The more of them, the worse the environment.

Burner with automatic

Varieties of gas burners

Currently, manufacturers use only two options in gas boilers:

atmospheric burners.
Fan.

Let's look at each position separately and decide which one is better, and in what conditions it is better to use one or the other.

atmospheric burner

The principle of operation of such a burner is quite simple. Fuel enters the burner through the gas pipe. It has a slot (ejector), which is regulated by a clamping nut or a special damper. Through this slot, air enters the burner along with the gas. This is how an air-gas mixture is formed. By opening more of the slot, you can increase the oxygen supply, closing it, respectively, the supply decreases. In such a simple way, you can manually adjust the degree of fuel combustion.
atmospheric model

After that, the air-gas mixture enters the burner itself and through small holes enters the combustion chamber, where it is burned. The number of holes will depend on the shape of the burner itself and the dimensions of the combustion chamber. Most importantly, the resulting small flames that protrude from the holes do not create much pressure, so the fuel burns evenly and efficiently. The greater the pressure, the greater the likelihood of efficiency loss. Therefore, manufacturers are trying to increase the number of holes by reducing their diameter.

Attention! Gas burners of this type are very similar in principle to devices that are used in industrial hearth installations. Many experts believe that this design is very efficient and simple, with a high degree of reliability. That is why it is often used in both cheap models of gas boilers and expensive ones.

Many home craftsmen who manufacture gas boilers use atmospheric burners in their design. There is only one reason - ease of manufacture and low cost of the product.

Fan

This device works on a completely different principle. It uses forced injection of air mass, in addition, the proportions of the mixture are maintained more accurately, so that fuel combustion occurs more efficiently. Typically, such burners are installed in gas boilers with a closed combustion chamber, where inflation can be carried out. If in atmospheric burners the mixing of natural gas and air occurs at the beginning of the device, that is, at the inlet, then in fan analogs, mixing occurs at the outlet to the combustion chamber. This is a significant distinguishing feature.

Fan model

Typically, such burners are installed on boilers that are equipped with automation with a high degree of automation. And most often such a burner is a whole mini block, which includes:

The gas filter, with its help, the fuel undergoes additional purification.
A special relay that responds to pressure surges in the line. With it, you can turn off the gas supply and the fan itself. Or, on the contrary, it will turn on the entire system if the pressure has returned to normal.
Reducer. This device is responsible for stabilizing the pressure at the outlet of the burner. Regardless of what pressure is in the line, in the burner it will be certain, necessary for efficient combustion of fuel.
A regulator that regulates the gas supply.
A regulator that regulates the gas pressure.
A relay that controls the operation of the fan itself. When the blower stops, the relay sends a signal to the valve, which shuts off the fuel supply to the gas burner.

Monoblock

From all of the above, one very important conclusion can be drawn - fan burners are volatile units. And since in many suburban villages the problems with a constant supply of electricity are relevant, one piece of advice can be given: when installing this particular option, take care to provide the boiler with an additional source of electricity. For example, install an IPB for a gas boiler.

This type of burner has one positive moment. There is no need to set them up. A servo drive is installed in the design of the device, which controls the location of the damper. With its help, a slot opens through which air enters the burner. That is, the servomotor precisely controls the required amount of oxygen.

Sometimes the owner of the house wants to change the atmospheric burner to a fan burner. This is not easy to do, especially with your own hands, do not even try. First, you will have to accurately calculate the size and power of the device. Secondly, it is correct and competent to install it. And only a specialist can handle this.

flat burner

Service

It does not matter what type of burner is installed on your gas boiler: factory or homemade. Experts point out that it needs to be cleaned with a small frequency. Some advise to purge, but note that these devices are designed to operate on natural gas with a pressure not exceeding 0.15 bar at the outlet. And if you use a compressor for purge, which pumps air up to 6-10 bar, then there is a high probability that you can simply disable the burner. Therefore, be extremely careful.

The best option is to rinse and dry the gas burner. But in any case, it will have to be removed, otherwise it’s good to clean it, it just won’t work.

And the last. It does not matter what type of burner you use in a gas boiler for heating, it is important to correctly set it up or set the settings. It is on this that the quality of the created air-gas mixture, its exact proportions, will depend. And, accordingly, the efficiency of combustion of the fuel itself.

Gas burners for heating boilers are primarily responsible for the efficient operation of the boiler.

The design and properties of the burner must be studied before purchasing the unit: the future fuel consumption, the ability to adjust the intensity of the flame, and the level of automation of the boiler () depend on this.

Working principle and requirements

In the burner, the combusted gas is combined with air. At high temperatures, a chemical reaction occurs with the formation of carbon dioxide and water.

What requirements must the burner meet:

simple design, reliability;
long service life;
low noise level;
ease of switching from one fuel to another (if it is provided for in the boiler design);
low emission of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide during combustion makes the boiler almost ecologically perfect. Of course, the chimney and exhaust must be arranged correctly.

Classification by air supply method

This method depends on the design of the furnace.

The furnace can be open and closed.

In the first case, air is taken directly from the room, and combustion gases exit through a standard chimney.

The second option assumes that both air intake and smoke removal are carried out by means of coaxial tubes passing through through holes in the wall.

Low temperature burner

In open furnaces gas atmospheric burners for heating boilers are used.

The principle of operation is simple: gas enters the wick through the ejector, air is drawn in from the boiler room.

Ignition is carried out by small low-temperature flames. This type can be used in everything from primitive units of old design to modern advanced models.

In addition to simplicity, low cost and versatility, atmospheric burners have another plus: low noise level.

Possibilities of using ejector burners

If you have enough money to buy a combined boiler, you are lucky: two autonomous fireboxes, you can easily switch from wood to gas and vice versa (). But universal / combined boilers are not a budget option.

Do-it-yourself gas burners for heating boilers work on the same principle. To use such a device, it is not necessary to radically alter the entire heating unit.

If, for example, you are converting a wood-burning boiler into a gas boiler, you can use an ash pan to install the burner, and connect automation from outside for control and regulation.

Some solid fuel boilers (for example, pyrolysis models) are already equipped with gas burners for ignition.

Fan burner (pressure)

In closed fireboxes, the free flow of air to the wick is impossible, therefore, they resort to artificial injection. The firebox includes a built-in fan that forces air into the chamber.

This burner is not as versatile as the previous one, but it has another advantage: it is easier to integrate into a fully automated boiler control system ().

The fan burner multiblock includes the following parts:

gas filter;
pressure regulator;
flow regulator;
reducer;
relay for switching off and forced switching on of the burner in case of pressure drop/increase;
fan relay (turns off the burner when the fan motor stops).

It is desirable that an uninterruptible power supply be present in the system in case of a sudden power outage.

The disadvantages of this type of burners are high cost and complexity. Boilers for them need to be completely redone, they are not suitable for all units.

Classification by type of fuel

The gas boiler can operate on natural (main) gas methane or on liquefied from cylinders (propane-butane). To date, the difference in cost is negligible.

Since it is not always possible to connect to the mains in suburban conditions, you will most likely need a propane butane gas burner in the heating boiler.

Classification by type of ignition

The second option is considered more economical. It also prolongs the life of the burner. But this is a volatile method: with frequent and prolonged power outages, the boiler will be idle.

How to choose a burner

Adjustment differs in the number of power steps. There can be one or two steps, as well as modulated adjustment (smooth over the entire range).

Among the brands, German (Buderus, Vaillant), Italian (Lamborghini), Slovak (Protherm) are in special demand. Gas burners for Russian production are represented by the products of the Zhukovsky Machine-Building Plant, Lemarks, Conord.

It should also be noted gas burners for heating boilers Vakula. The company specializes in the manufacture of automation for burners.

Features of gas burners with automation for heating boilers manufactured by Vakula:

piezoelectric ignition;
coolant temperature adjustment - from 40 to 90?;
adjustment of gas supply to the fuse;
gas flow adjustment;
the ability to work at reduced gas pressure;
automatic shutdown in case of reverse thrust or a sudden cessation of gas supply.

Gas burners for floor heating boilers come in all types: atmospheric and pressurized, electronic and with piezoelectric ignition.

Which type of ignition is best depends on whether you want to make the system fully automated or prefer manual control and non-volatile equipment.

The choice between an atmospheric and fan burner is largely determined by the power. A floor-standing boiler with an atmospheric burner produces 10 to 80 kW or more.

The power of a boiler with forced draft burner reaches several thousand kW. Whether it is necessary to overpay a lot of money for a boiler with such characteristics is up to you.

If you are going to add underfloor heating to the heating system, then see.

Video gas burners for heating boilers. Alteration.

The key component in the home heating network is the boiler. And the most preferred model is gas, which is facilitated by the availability of this type of fuel, coupled with the efficiency of this heating method. The success of boilers largely depends on the type and quality of their burners.

Gas burners (GG) assimilate gas and oxygen from the incoming air. The resulting composition ignites a spark from the piezo component or an electrical impulse. It turns out a stable torch fire.

Gas burners for boilers can operate on the following fuel:

solid
liquid

Today there are also combined versions for boilers. They use different fuel meringue retuning equipment.

GG versions according to the method of introducing oxygen into the combustion section:

atmospheric;
fan;
diffuse-kinetic.

By type of control over fire, GGs are:

with one step;
with two steps;
with two steps and smooth control;
modulated.

Criteria for GG:

compliance with safety standards;
creation and maintenance of stable fire;
rapid and high-quality ignition of the gas composition;
ease of installation of the wick component;
long service life;
noise within the sanitary standards.

Atmospheric GG

Typically, such gas burners for boilers are used in floor versions of boilers. The power of these units is small: the heating potential allows heating a building with an area of up to 100 sq.m. Another type of atmospheric burner (also called turbocharged) is adapted for gas boilers, which are set by default to use natural gas. In cases of fuel change, another version of the GG is put. This work should be entrusted to a specialist.

In atmospheric versions, the air is directed to the area of connection with the gas in a natural way. Methods for igniting such a gas mixture: piezo ignition or electric pulse.

The design of this burner is a hollow tube with many holes or a network of tubes in which gas moves under a certain pressure.

Turbocharged burner in gas boilers, its advantages:

reliable work;
simplicity of design;
security;
no noise;
compact parameters;
small mass.

Fan GG

In models with a fan (pressure) burner, integrated fans direct air into the combustion section. With their participation, the efficiency of the boiler is seriously developed, and fuel is spent more economically. Atmospheric analogues are already included in the boiler upon purchase. And fan versions are additional devices. They must be purchased separately.

A pressurized gas burner is usually used in devices with a closed combustion section, where the gas is instantly mixed with the air supplied in portions. In appearance, they resemble a block in which a device for burning a gas mixture is connected to a fan. Modern models are automated, which guarantees the safe use of this gas technology.

Supercharged GG can be vortex and direct-flow. In the first there are outlets of only circular cross section. Secondly - both round and rectangular.

In wick fan apparatus, fuel is burned in an insulated compartment, which is done for safety when working with a gas boiler.

Advantages of fan GG:

high efficiency.
reliable design of the heat exchanger.

Their cons:

loud noises;
dependence on the power grid;
large waste of electricity;
huge prices.

The reason for the noise, in many respects, is not the fan, but the gas-air flows leaving the nozzle of this GG under high pressure. In modern models, this defect is eliminated by installing a silencer.

Although these burners have a number of disadvantages, thanks to them, gas boilers work much more efficiently. Such burners are also used when the fuel is not gas, but fuel oil, wood, diesel fuel, or coal. When the type of fuel is gas, the burner can work efficiently even if there are serious pressure surges in the main network.

Diffusion-kinetic GG into the boiler

Diffusion-kinetic work is based on the following principle: the air required for combustion of fuel is not completely in the department. And a little later added to the fire.

These boiler burners are very rarely implemented in domestic versions. Usually they are involved in industrial engineering.

At the bottom of the combustion sector, a subspecies of these burners is concentrated. They are referred to as hearths.

Combined versions

When using a modulated burner, gas, fuel oil, and diesel fuel can serve as fuel. Under these conditions, no technical changes to the equipment are necessary.

Options for burning different fuels are introduced into one block. This advantage is relevant for owners who do not yet have main gas. This option is also useful for economical fuel consumption.

These heating burners have total automation to control the combustion mode, fire power and other boiler actions. Thanks to intelligent automation, the user's participation in the control of gas equipment is minimized.

True, these burners have significant shortcomings that significantly reduce their popularity:

very complex device;
low efficiency;
a very complicated operation of reconfiguring the apparatus when changing fuel. A professional from the gas service should work here;
colossal prices.

As already noted, burners may differ in the method of controlling the fire.

Versions with one stage

Single-stage burners work in one mode. And if automation is involved, the gas burner often turns off and on. In this case, the conditioned temperature of the heat carrier is formed, which adversely affects the operating period of the burner and the efficiency of the boiler itself.

Variations with two steps

To build the work of a two-stage burner, there are two modes or a changing fire power. If with the help of one stage the boiler works as much as possible, then when switching to the second stage, the productivity is reduced by 50-60%.

Variation of modes in the boilers is carried out automatically by the signal of special sensors. They control the temperature of the heat carrier. Also, the regimes can change when the gas pressure in the main network changes.

Switching the boiler to a less tormenting mode has certain advantages:

There is a saving of gas or other fuel.
All equipment develops an operational period, as the number of switching on and off decreases.

An apparatus with two steps can have a smooth change of modes.

modulated options

The modulating versions are extremely practical and economical. Their work is based on the smooth control of a burning fire. As a result, the power of the heating unit is concentrated in the range of 10 - 100%.

According to the method of controlling the flame, these devices are divided into the following burners:

having mechanical control technology;
having pneumatic technology;
versions with electronic control.

The strengths of the modulated versions lie in the least cyclic on-off operations. This has a positive effect on the productivity of all heating equipment and its operational period.

Also, when the work is built with boilers equipped with modulating gas generators, a certain fuel saving is formed - 15%. It is also important to correctly configure the equipment.

Modulating GG can be used in working boilers with this and other types of burners. So there is no need to change a rather expensive unit. It will only be necessary to purchase the burner itself and call the master to install it and set up the entire technology.

Ways to designate GG

All gas burners are marked in accordance with current standards and regulations. The following are some examples of designations that identify machine performance and options.

The type of device is marked with letters. And the letter "G" indicates that the device is a burner.

If GM is indicated, it means that the device is allowed to be used in boilers running on gas and fuel oil.

Ds - evidence of the presence of an elongated gas sector at the burner.

R is the designation of the rotational model.

P - the device uses a nozzle, its rotor rotates to the right side.

L - the rotor rotates in reverse vector (like a clock hand)

From the direction of rotation of the indicated rotor, the installation site of the burner itself in the combustion sector is determined.

Results

Thus, if your country house is heated using an AOGV boiler or a combined boiler with a gas burner, then when buying this unit, you should pay attention to both the power of the purchased equipment and the rest of the functionality. Particular attention is paid to the gas burner, because the right choice will provide high-quality full heating of your home, as well as savings on fuel and the operating period of all heating equipment.

Heating appliances are an indispensable attribute of a comfortable living in all countries with a cold climate. All without exception. What can we say about Russia, where winters are so severe that the presence of a heating system in every house is mandatory. And the most important element of such systems are gas heating boilers.

The boilers themselves consist of many elements, but in order for them all to be in working order, gas burners are needed. Only they will be able to heat the working fluid to such a temperature that the house is really warm. So, today we will talk about what gas burners for boilers are, why they are needed at all and what types of them are.

Gas burner - the heart of heating equipment

Heating a house with gas is quite profitable, since it (gas) has significant advantages over coal or wood. But in order for the heating system to be effective, it is necessary to properly organize the procedure for the combustion of fuel in the boiler. And modern models of burners provide boilers with an almost perfectly accurate mixture of air and fuel, in which the gas is burned entirely.

Quite often, especially when old areas are gasified, many people think about which burner is best for their boiler, how to choose the right one for a device that is intended exclusively for solid fuels. But most of the modern models are of very high quality, thanks to which it is possible not only to maintain the optimum temperature, but also to regulate the power of the flame.

Note! Roughly speaking, a gas burner is a device in which oxygen is mixed with gas, after which the resulting mixture is burned and a stable flame is formed. It is characterized by simplicity of design, works flawlessly, and the start-up procedure takes a matter of seconds.

Tellingly, burners have recently been used not only in individual heating devices, but also in production. And this is explained not so much by the excellent properties of gas, but by its cheapness.

Video - How a gas burner works

Basic requirements for gas burners

Gas burners for boilers must first of all be durable and easy to install, during operation they should not make more noise than required by sanitary and hygienic standards, and if it is possible to work on several types of fuel, then also quickly switch from one to another . Moreover, modern trends require that only low-toxic flue gases are emitted during the operation of the burner, although, in principle, this applies to all types of fuel. What is low toxicity? It's simple - it's low carbon monoxide and nitric oxide.

All the requirements mentioned above depend primarily on how the oxygen is mixed with the gas. And so we smoothly approached the classification of burners according to the mixing method. Let's dwell on this in more detail.

Read also, basic gas boilers

The main types of gas burners

All burners are divided into two types according to the method of mixing air with fuel:

atmospheric;
fan.

Let's take a closer look at each type.

Atmospheric burners

The principle of operation of atmospheric burners is extremely simple: gaseous fuel enters through an ejector, drawing oxygen from the surrounding space with it, then it is fed into the combustion chamber through a special hole, where, in fact, ignition occurs. In fact, they work in much the same way as industrial bottom models. When fuel is burned, small torches appear above special holes, the combustion temperature of which is quite low. Despite its simplicity, this design is very reliable, so it can be used in boilers of all types - from expensive to budget models.

Those gas burners that are made today with their own hands also function on the principle of ejector mixing. If the alteration of existing equipment is not included in your plans, then atmospheric burners are the most suitable option. To install such a device, you just need to remove the ash pan, and install the burner itself in its chamber. At the same time, automation is installed on the outer part, which will shut off the gas supply in case of attenuation.

And if we compare these burners with the fan burners described below, then the advantages of the former are obvious:

reliability;
compactness;
low noise performance;
security;
simplicity of design.

Fan burners

Fan-type gas burners operate according to a slightly different principle: in this case, oxygen is forced, and its volumes are quite accurately controlled. In most cases, they are used in boilers with closed combustion chambers operating with pressurization. In such models, the fuel is mixed with oxygen already at the outlet.

Fan burners (they are also called pressurized) are used in boiler equipment where there is a high level of automation, and human participation in the process is almost completely excluded.

It is also worth noting that such devices are usually characterized by a block design. In such cases, there is a gas multiblock, which consists of:

gas filter;
pressure regulator;
a relay that is necessary to turn off the device in the event of a decrease in pressure and forced ignition in the event of its resumption;
fuel consumption regulator;
reducer.

Note! More modern multiblocks also include a relay that controls the operation of the fan. If the electric motor stops, the relay switches off the burner.

Such gas burners for boilers are volatile, so it is recommended to additionally equip them with a constant power source. It is not necessary to adjust the burner in the boiler, since there is a servo drive that controls the position of the air damper (it is necessary to adjust the amount of oxygen used for combustion).

Everything we just said refers to the advantages of fan devices, but there are also disadvantages. So, to install them, the boilers are completely redone. Moreover, it is generally better not to install it in solid fuel appliances (such as the Don), since all upgrades regarding flame modulation will still not bring results (read: savings), because the heat exchanger will be poorly insulated and inefficient.

What to look for when choosing a burner?

If it becomes necessary to replace the units of the heating boiler, then it is necessary to take into account not only its functional features, but also the recommendations of the manufacturer. The most important thing is the power of the heat generator, and it is from this that one should build on when choosing a gas burner.

All boilers are divided by manufacturers according to several parameters, such as:

power;
range;
way of regulation.

Note! For each particular model, all three parameters correspond to certain values that must be taken into account at the time of purchase.

Let's start with the most important thing - power. In any case, it should exceed the power of the combustion chamber of your device, and quite a lot. This will directly affect the adjustment range of this parameter in the future.

According to the method of power adjustment, gas burners for boilers can be as follows:

single-stage;
two-stage;
smoothly two-stage;
with modulating control.

If we are talking about individual heating boilers, then you can use any of the indicated options for them. It is also worth noting that, depending on the characteristics of the flow of the gas mixture, the burners can be divided into:

twisted;
straight-through.

In the case of a swirling type of torch, the air flow is more powerful. Subsequently, this flow combines with gas and forms a diffusion flame, which ensures a stable temperature in the system.

About manufacturers and cost

In today's market, the range of gas equipment is really huge. Here the equipment both from domestic, and from foreign manufacturers is presented. But, of course, European products are still more popular, in particular from:

Great Britain;
Germany;
Italy.

Gas burner Weishaupt Monarch WM-G 20

Gas burners from these countries are compatible with many domestic boilers, in particular with Lemax and Colvi. As for the cost, it depends on a number of factors, including:

brand;
characteristics of a particular model;
her type.

Prices vary in a wide range - from 16 to 90 thousand rubles. It is for this reason that before buying, you should familiarize yourself with the recommendations not only from manufacturers, but also from experienced specialists, and only then make a decision in favor of one or another option.

Service features

Regardless of type or origin, any gas burner requires special attention. Cleaning it is quite simple - it will not take much time and effort. But before you start cleaning, the burner itself, of course, will have to be removed. Some experts advise using compressed air for this, we will note that modern burner models are developed for gas pressure in the working gas pipeline, that is, for 0.15 bar. And increased pressure, which reaches 8-10 bar, can simply lead to equipment malfunction.

As a conclusion

The durability and efficiency of the heater largely depends on the correct choice. And the gas burner is the most important structural element for the boiler, since it not only provides the required quality of gas combustion or power control, but can also significantly damage the combustion chamber if the flame geometry is not taken into account.

Successful work and warm winters!

The existing classification that gas burners for heating boilers have takes into account the principle of operation, air supply and the formation of a fire torch. The power of the boiler, the main and additional functions, the permissible type of fuel depend on the design of the burner.

Types and types of burners for gas heating boilers

In a gas boiler, it is better to use the burner specified by the manufacturer in the instruction manual. The heat exchanger, the design of boiler equipment, are developed taking into account the type of installed burner.

According to their purpose, there are two types of gas burners:

Burners for domestic use - performance is limited to 120 kW. Most often, atmospheric burners for gas boilers fall under the category, the operation and maintenance of which are associated with a minimum number of problems.
The disadvantage of devices is high fuel consumption and high requirements associated with the installation of boiler equipment.
In modern models, fan gas burners are increasingly used, used on gas domestic boilers, with a closed combustion chamber.
Gas burners for industrial heating boilers of high power. In industrial heating equipment, injector fan (blast) burners are installed. Productivity varies from 120 to 250 kW.

In addition to the purpose, the classification takes into account the type of fuel entering the combustion chamber. There are two types of burners:

For natural gas.
For liquefied gas.

The difference between the equipment lies in the diameter of the gas nozzles and the working pressure of the gas. In domestic boilers of well-known European manufacturers, universal burners are often installed that can quickly change to natural and liquefied gas.

The main classification is related to the principle of operation of burners: the production of a gas-air combustible mixture, the supply of gas to the combustion chamber and other features.

Gas forced draft-fan burners (blowing)

The blower burner device has a complex design, including a built-in fan or turbine. The gas-air mixture is prepared in exact proportions, thanks to forced and controlled air injection.

Gas boiler with forced draft burner, characterized by efficiency and high performance.

The blower burner is distinguished by the following features:

Scope of application - fan burners, installed in boiler equipment with a closed combustion chamber: low-temperature condensing-type gas boilers and turbocharged models.
Performance - just a few decades ago, fan gas burners were installed exclusively for high-power boilers. Since then, household models of heating equipment have appeared, the work of which is associated with forced air supply and removal of combustion products.
Low power boilers with fan gas burners, designed for connection to radiator heating systems and underfloor heating.
Principle of operation - there are three basic modifications of burner devices, which differ in the principle of manufacturing a gas-air mixture. The mixing of gas and air occurs directly in the combustion process or before entering the nozzles.
In some modern models of boilers with a blast burner, the gas-air mixture is carried out with uniform partial mixing in a special chamber and on the burner.
The removal of combustion products from the fan burner is carried out by force. An additional fan (turbine) is built into the smoke exhaust system. Design features (the presence of two turbines) affect the noise characteristics of the burner.
During operation, a uniform hum is emitted. The fan is so noisy that it will be necessary to carry out additional soundproofing of the room used for the boiler room.
In condensing boilers, noise protection is provided. The soundproof housing reduces the intensity of noise pollution.
Automation - the blower burner is connected to the boiler automation. The microprocessor controller reads information from various sensors: gas pressure, incoming air and exhaust gases, temperature at the burner nozzle. The control unit automatically changes the performance of the burner, focusing on the received parameters.
If necessary, the function of self-selection of the operating mode is provided. So, you can reduce the intensity of noise by setting the fan speed to an acceptable minimum.

Blast burner devices have eliminated the main cause of flame separation from the burner, often found in atmospheric boilers, due to a sharp increase in pressure in the pipeline. The intensity of burning changes, depending on the performance indicators in automatic mode.

Diffuse burners for gas combustion

The principle of operation of a diffuse burner is associated with a separate supply of air directly into the combustion chamber and partial pre-mixing of the gas-air mixture. Features of work allow you to increase and stabilize the gas pressure in front of the burner, and achieve a stable flame even with a decrease in operating parameters.

Diffuse burners are not widely used and are mainly installed in large-capacity industrial-type boilers. In domestic boilers, diffuse-kinetic burners are not found.

Injection gas burners (injector)

Injection burners are mainly installed in domestic heating boilers. The name refers to the principle of operation used.

The production of a gas-air mixture occurs in several stages:

The device of an injection gas burner consists of several hollow rods, through which gas is supplied under pressure, with injectors placed on them. The system is connected to the gas pipeline.
Gas, under pressure, passing through the nozzles, injects the air in the combustion chamber, making a gas-air mixture. The gas is burned in the form of small flames. For this reason, injection burners are also called flare or micro-flare burners.

Flare burners maintain the required coolant temperature by switching on and off. In the combustion chamber, an igniter or a pilot burner operates in a constant mode, from which the main burner device is ignited. Injection burners are installed in thermal units of small and medium power.

Flame core temperature remains stable, regardless of external factors and coolant heating, which often leads to excessive fuel consumption. Compared to blown burners, injection models burn 15-20% more gas.

Classification of gas burners by type of adjustment

In addition to the principle of operation, gas burners for heating boilers are classified according to the type of adjustment and design features. Operating parameters affect thermal efficiency, economy and reliability.

At the moment, four basic modifications of burners are manufactured:

Single stage.
Two-stage.
Two-stage with smooth modulation.
Modulated.

The type of adjustment determines whether a closed or open burner will be used. Accordingly, the type of device will affect the requirements for the installation and operation of the heating boiler.

Single stage burners

In most cases, these are atmospheric gas burners for domestic heating boilers. The principle of operation is to alternately turn on and off the burner. The frequency of turning on the burner depends on the cooling rate of the coolant and the operating mode set using a mechanical thermostat.

Main features of single-stage burners:

Operates regardless of power supply- regulation of the operating mode, is carried out using a thermocouple, when heated, producing a low-potential voltage sufficient to ensure the device's operability.
More gas consumption- a feature of the operation of boilers with atmospheric gas burners is the need for constant burning of the igniter. The flame of the pilot burner acts on the thermocouple. When attenuated, the gas supply is turned off. From the fire of the igniter, the main burner ignites when the coolant cools down.
A certain amount of gas is used to maintain the operation of the igniter. Overexpenditure is also observed due to the lack of precise adjustment of the operating temperature.
Reliability - gas non-volatile burners have a simple design, in which there is practically nothing to break. For this reason, devices rarely fail and serve the entire period of operation declared by the manufacturer.
Ignition - the igniter is ignited by a piezoelectric element or manually, using matches, through a special hatch in the boiler body.

Boilers with single-stage atmospheric burners are installed in areas where regular power outages occur.

Two stage burners

Two-stage types of gas burners, suitable for domestic boilers with fine adjustment of the minimum and maximum gas flow. The name says that the device operates in two modes set by the manufacturer, usually at 30% and 100% of the rated power.

The principle of operation of a two-stage burner is as follows:

The combustion takes place continuously. The igniter is missing.
The heat carrier is heated at 100% power. After reaching the set temperature, the burner does not turn off completely, as in the case of a one-stage analogue, but switches to the heating maintenance mode. The performance of the burner device is reduced to 30 or 40%.
The transition from one mode to another is controlled by automation, based on a microprocessor controller.

Even the first models of two-stage burners made it possible to reduce gas consumption by approximately 10%. In modern equipment, costs have decreased compared to atmospheric single-stage devices by another 10-15%.

Sliding two-stage burners

The principle of operation of smoothly switching devices is identical to two-stage burners. The only difference is the shifting performed without sudden jerks, which leads to the following advantages:

Accurate and efficient control of the heating medium heating temperature.
Economy of fuel combustion.
Versatility - smooth two-stage gas burners, suitable for heating boilers on liquefied gas. After a small re-equipment, it is allowed to connect the heat generator to a gas tank or cylinder installation.
Dependence on electricity - a gas volatile burner with two operating power modes, it works only if there is a stable voltage in the network.

The number of steps indicates the number of operating modes of the burner. Single stage models operate at full power only, two stage models alternate between 30% and 100% capacity.

Modulating burners

The most economical burners are modulating. Working range, from 10 to 100%. Reducing or increasing the power of the burner is carried out in a fully automatic mode. The work is controlled by microprocessor automation, which reads the readings of various sensors and selects the optimal mode based on the information received.

The accumulation of soot on the burner is practically eliminated. Automation regulates the supply of air and gas to the burner, selecting such a ratio of the gas-air mixture, which would ensure the most complete combustion of the fuel.

The modulating gas burner operates as a stand-alone device with a wide range of possibilities. Combustion is carried out in a constant mode. An igniter is not required.

Multi-stage modulating gas burners have several features and operating parameters that affect thermal performance:

Automatic control of modulating burners- practically, this is a mini computer that calculates the optimal power based on the information received. Automation is simultaneously connected to the gas pressure sensor on the burner, room temperature sensors, a turbine that pumps air, etc.
The burner is modulated in a fully automatic mode. For the operation of automation, special software is required, provided by the manufacturer when purchasing the boiler.
Versatility– gas boiler with modulating burner, initially set to natural gas parameters. To switch to liquefied gas, you will need to make small changes in the operating settings, which take no more than 10-15 minutes of time. The modulating device will automatically adapt to changes in gas pressure at the burner.
Economy - achieved through several features associated with modulation. The automatic adjustment of the burner simultaneously takes into account all operating parameters: pressure and heating of the coolant, fuel quality, line characteristics, and the set heating mode. During the heating process, almost 100% afterburning of the gas and the most complete and efficient use of the produced heat are ensured.

At the moment, modulating burners are available in closed and atmospheric types. Universal devices have appeared that, in addition to natural and bottled gas, can operate on liquid fuel.

How to choose the right gas burner for the boiler

Choosing the right burner on your own, without special skills, is almost impossible. Before choosing, you should get competent advice from a specialist.

When choosing, pay attention to the following aspects and technical characteristics:

Performance– the power of the heating boiler depends on the power of the burner. For this reason, the burner is selected identical in terms of power to the heating unit.
Noise characteristics of the burner- this factor is taken into account when choosing a blowing device. During operation, the fans generate high-intensity noise. Considering this feature, the leading European manufacturers equipped the burner design with a soundproof casing. When selecting, pay attention to the noise figure, the parameter in dB is indicated in the technical documentation.
Advantages and disadvantages Every burner has its pros and cons. Modulating burners are expensive and require precise initial adjustment, which requires the involvement of a specialist. Atmospheric, have an attractive cost, but in the process of operation, they spend 15-20% more "blue" fuel.
Type of boiler equipment– wall-mounted boilers, equipped exclusively with built-in burners. Models with a closed combustion chamber are equipped with turbocharged burners. On the floor boiler, you can put both a built-in and a mounted burner (higher power).
Fuel Type - Atmospheric burners are designed to burn natural gas. To use fuel from a gas cylinder, you will have to make a significant re-equipment. During the modification, the nozzles of gas burners are changed (for a propane-butane mixture, injectors with a smaller hole section are needed). Automation is additionally adjusted for low gas pressure.
As practice shows, it is far from always possible to convert single-stage burners. If you plan to connect a gas-cylinder installation, it is better to choose a two-stage or modulating burner.
Adaptation to domestic gas supply conditions- Another important factor influencing the choice of heating equipment. In the "West", in the EU countries, the main gas pressure differs significantly from domestic parameters.
It often happens that after connecting a device of even famous brands, malfunctions are observed: the flame breaks off the burner, the automation constantly gives errors and refuses to put the boiler into operation.

After selection according to operating parameters and technical characteristics, a module is selected by manufacturer and cost.

Boiler burner manufacturers

The best gas burners for boilers are made by German companies. Distinctive features of the products remain maximum automation, reliability and build quality. Separately, we can highlight the efficiency achieved by the accuracy of factory settings.

In addition to German concerns, factories located in Italy, Russia, Korea and other countries offer their products:

German burners- the best option, the only drawback of which is the high cost of the modules. Products are manufactured under the following brands:
- Buderus Logatop,
- Giersch Intercal (completes Buderus boilers).
Italian burners- a cheaper option compared to German counterparts. Practically they are not inferior in their thermal performance. Modules differ in functionality and automation. Products are offered by the following factories:
- Ferroli Sun,
- Lamborghini,
- F.B.R. gas,
- baltur,
- Ecoflam.
Gas burners for Russian-made heating boilers- the main advantage of domestic devices is unpretentiousness to the quality of fuel and the subtleties of operation. Products are produced with full adaptation and taking into account the peculiarities of the Russian winter. The following brands deserve special attention:
- Teplodar,
- Don AGU-T-M.

Of course, this list is not a complete list of brands of gas burners. Modules produced in other countries are also popular. According to sales statistics, there is a constant demand for the following products:

ACV BG (Belgium),
De Dietrich G (France),
Elco (Finland),
Bentone (Sweden),
Kiturami (Korea).

gas burner cost

Modern designs of automatic gas burners for domestic hot water boilers are more expensive due to the use of microprocessor control. The price is affected by the territorial sign, the performance of the device and the growth of the exchange rate.

Several other factors influence the cost:

Steel grade for the manufacture of gas burners- European manufacturers, use heat-resistant stainless steel. The material is durable, but increases the cost of production. In domestic modules, structural steel is often found, which has a shorter service life, but also costs approximately half as much.
Production of gas burners for boilers- made in Germany, have a price starting from 50 thousand rubles. Italian counterparts will cost from 15 thousand rubles. Russian products cost 8-10 thousand rubles.

Another factor influencing the cost of replacement is the price that will have to be paid for the installation and further adjustment of the burner. The specialist of the company selling the burners will fine-tune and adjust the flame to ensure the minimum percentage of underburning of the gas.

You can make the settings yourself, in the case of atmospheric single-stage burners. The gas supply is adjusted until the color of the flame turns blue. It will not work to independently adjust the modulating burner devices, without proper specialized training.

Do I need permission to replace the burner?

The efficiency of replacing a burner in a gas boiler depends on many components and is not always successful. The reasons for this are elementary non-compliance with the conditions for changing the burner device specified by the manufacturer of the boiler equipment.

To replace the burner, you will need the following documents:

Manufacturer's permission - all types of burners that are compatible with the boiler design are prescribed in the technical documentation.
Installation project.
The project for piping the boiler for gas.

If the module is changed to one identical in power and design, due to the failure of the old burner device, then the replacement work is regarded as a service. Registration of permits and obtaining approvals is not required. Installation of a new burner with an increase in power or configuration requires mandatory re-registration of heating equipment.

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