Red Yaruga. History of the Krasnoyaruzhsky district of the Belgorod region. Krasnaya Yaruga map
Krasnaya Yaruga (founded in 1681) is an urban-type settlement, the regional center of the homonymous district of the Belgorod region of the Russian Federation (Central District). The village is located on the East European Plain on the southwestern spurs of the Central Russian Upland, in the western part of the Belgorod region, 75 km northwest of the regional center - the city of Belgorod and 25 km from the border with Ukraine (road).
Transport links: by rail - 4 km from the nearest railway. e. Sveklovichnaya station on the Belgorod-Sumy line (Ukraine); there is a bus station, local roads.
The settlement was formed in 1873 during the construction of a sugar factory in the Krasnoyaruzhsky estate of the landowner I. G. Kharitonenko. The further development of the village is connected with the cultivation of sugar beet and its processing. In 1900, the Belgorod-Sumy railway with the Sveklovichnaya station was built. Under Soviet rule, the settlement was transformed into the village of Krasnaya Yaruga (1928), and in 1958 it received the status of an urban-type settlement.
In 1991, the Krasnoyaruzhsky district was restored with the administrative center in the urban village of Krasnaya Yaruga.
At present, the population of the village is 8.1 thousand people. (2010), the majority of residents are engaged in agriculture. Economic potential: sugar factory, poultry farm, pig farm and food industry enterprises. Attractions: Temple of Cosmas and Damian.
RED YARUGA TODAY
Krasnaya Yaruga is an urban-type settlement, the regional center of the Krasnoyaruzhsky district.
Lost among the hills and beams, forests and fields in the west of the Belgorod region. Located on four hills on both sides of the ancient Red River, away from large and noisy cities.
The village is home to 7.6 thousand people, which is half the population of the region as a whole.
The total area of the village is 199 ha, farmland - 349 ha, pastures - 477 ha, built-up areas - 283 ha, under roads - 50 ha, under streets - 17 ha.
The village is clean and tidy. Lately he has grown, prettier.
The first streets of Krasnaya Yaruga were: Kostyukovka, Krylovka, Bekhteevka - now Zarechnaya (the street was named after the first settler Bekhteev), Trosna - now Pochtovaya (the street was traded for dogs from one landowner, his name is unknown).
In recent years, new streets have appeared: Pobedy, Konyakina, Sportivnaya, Avtomobilistov, Cherry, Spring, Yantarnaya, Novosadovaya, Svetlaya.
The main street of the village is
Central, which stretches from the northeast to the southwest for 3 km.
In total, there are 62 streets in the village.
Krasnaya Yaruga is the administrative, industrial, cultural and sports center of the region. There is a sugar factory, Gosplemzavod, construction organizations, a gas service, a House of Folk Art, two secondary schools, a gymnasium, a children's art school, a hospital, and a sports complex.
On the territory of the village there are historical, architectural and natural monuments.
The first mention of the Red Yaruga
The history of our region is complex and confusing for the reason that it occupies a border position between Russia and Ukraine and at different times was part of different lands. Archives first moved from one province to another, then from one region to another. And documents have been making such "travels" for two centuries. They are dispersed in different archives.
Neither Kursk nor Belgorod local historians were able to sufficiently illuminate the history of the region, because the oldest historical sources were in the Ukrainian archives, and in Ukraine they believed that the Krasnoyaruzhsky region was a region of the RSFSR. Thus, we kind of fell out of history.
However, several legends about the emergence of settlements in our area have come down to us. Here is one of them: then in these places it was deserted. Across the boundless steppes, cut up by beams and yarugas, cheerful winds drove tumbleweeds and stirred grasses that were silky and soft, like the hair of beauties. In the deserted heights of the blue sky, predatory gyrfalcons and clumsy ravens looked out for prey. Occasionally, swift as arrows, Polovtsy, and later Tatars and Mongols rushed by on hot horses ...
The streltsy hundred in the fortress of Olgov was led by Alyoshka Boyarinov, hot as fire. Elastic, blue-black rings of his hair set off the sugary whiteness of strong teeth. Alyoshka's strength was so great that he could break any chain mail forged by local craftsmen. The brave archer was madly in love with the only daughter of a wealthy Olgovsky merchant, young Martha, beautiful as the morning dawn. She was funny, sly and wayward.
And only before her did Alyoshka bow his proud head. Seeing the girl, Alyoshka always turned to her with one request:
My light, Martha, make happy a lonely little head - agree to marry an archer. Martha laughed with silver laughter, shook her heavy braids, as if forged from pure gold, and slyly answered:
- And do you, good fellow, have a golden comb, in order to comb the hair of your beloved before the matchmaking, according to the Novgorod custom?
Not yet, but will be soon! - Alyoshka jumped on a black horse and flew into the steppe with a crazy hope to meet the Tatars or the Mongols, to take away from one of them a Damascus damask saber with a handle and a sheath of pure gold. He would give this gold to the best craftsman in the city and ask him to forge a large heavy comb ...
The steppe, as always, was deserted ... But one day at dawn Alyoshka was awakened by a breathless archer.
Basurmans are approaching the fortress in a cloud! he shouted. Alyoshka grabbed it and commanded "in the stirrup!" to his hundred. Brave warriors headed by Alyoshka flew out swiftly and bravely. The Tatars were frightened by the Russian fury and, not accepting the battle, ran towards the midday sun. Alyoshka and his hundred should have turned back to the fortress, but the thought of the gold made him forget that...
For long hours the Tatar warriors pursued. The horses snored wearily, from the rapid run the hair on their manes and tails became straight, like arrows in quivers, the red, blue and green boots of the warriors became dusty and turned gray.
They overtook the Tatars at the nameless Yaruga. At the very bottom of it flowed a small stream with clear water. The infidels stopped, their leader turned, and his damask saber flashed in the sun with all the colors of the rainbow ... But it did not sparkle for long. Struck by Alyoshka's mighty hand, the ringleader fell. Encouraged by this, the Russian knights attacked the Tatars with renewed vigor. Angry, the slaughter was long ...
Alyosha felt something heavy on him. He rolled over and saw that they were two dead Tatars. Alyoshka threw them off and looked around. The whole beam was littered with the corpses of Russians and Tatars, orphaned horses wandered among them. A warrior approached the stream to wash himself, and recoiled: the water was fiery red with blood ...
The daring archer whistled three times - his faithful horse ran up to him. Alyoshka took a damask saber and jumped into the saddle.
Olgov met the warrior unfriendly.
You killed our best hundred, the elders told him. - Go and itself on all four sides.
Alyoshka took off his helmet, bowed to the fortress, and drove off to the steppe. In a short time he was already far away. Throwing the reins of his horse, he pondered sadly about his fate.
Suddenly the smart horse turned around, sniffed the air with its greedy nostrils and neighed. In response, he heard the same neighing. In the darkness Alyoshka made out a rapidly galloping rider. When he approached, Alyoshka recognized Martha.
I'm with you, my love... - Martha blushed bashfully.
Here it is, Red Yaruga! Alyoshka said. - We defended this land from the infidels, we live on it"
So an old legend told us about the birth of the settlement Krasnaya Yaruga.
But I do not want to associate the name of our village with bloody events. It is possible that Krasnaya Yaruga got its name from the words "red" - "beautiful". Probably, the first settlers called this place "beautiful land", comparing with the one from which they left.
In the book by V.P. Semenov "Russia. A complete geographical description of our Fatherland" vol. II - "The Central Russian Chernozem Region",
St. Petersburg, 1902, ed. A.F. Devrien on page 462 mentions the word "yaruga" as a ravine overgrown with vegetation. Over time, people settled in these yarugas, and one of these yarugas became a beautiful Yaruga, that is, the Red Yaruga.
As a rule, the villages were given names corresponding to the natural places where they were located. Sloboda Krasnaya Yaruga was located on the river Krasny Kolodez, now shallow. From here, too, the name Krasnaya Yaruga could have arisen - from the words "yar", "beam", "ravine".
The first mention of the settlement of our places we find in the book of D.I. Bagalei "History of Sloboda Ukraine", p. 146, where it is said: "By tsar's decree in the year 1658, the borders of ataman Kondratiev Gerasim were demarcated up and down the Psla river with a tributary of the Ilyok around 100 versts. These included the villages of Ilyok, Kolotilovka, Vyazovoe, Repyahovka ". In all likelihood, at that time the borders of the Krasnaya Yaruga were also demarcated.
In the same book, on page 100, it is said that ~ ":!. lived in these places, who had 100 people of subjects and allotments of land.
When studying various archival documents and materials of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts, a source was found that indicates the date of the foundation of Krasnaya Yaruga (Kharkov Land Survey Office, f. 1348, op. 2, file 1320). This is a copy of the "Extract from the refusal books given to the Hotmysh children of the boyars V.E. Gorbunov, D. Starodubtsev, E. Bukavtsov, G. Bordukov, A. Khrapunov on estates from the "wild field" in the area of the river. Krasny Kolodez (a tributary of the river Olek) and Krasnaya Yaruga of the Khotmysh district "dated December 24, 1681 (ibid., ll. 38-39v.).
Also preserved is the "Extract from the refusal books given to the steward of the Sumy colonel Andrey Gerasimovich Kondratiev on the estate from the "wild field" in the area of the Vorsklatsa river" dated 1702 (ibid., ff. 37-37v.).
The place allocated by A.G. Kondratiev on the estate, was located near Korytnaya Yaruga, located not far from Krasnaya Yaruga. Therefore, the estate of A.g. Kondratiev on the left bordered the lands with. Red Yaruga.
A record has been preserved, given by Alexei Khrapunov (one of the founders of the village) A.g. Kondratiev on his estate in the village. Krasny due to non-payment of the debt to the latter dated April 29, 1703: "The summer of the birth of Christ, 1703, April 29, in the 29th de se az, hotmyshen of the Reitar system, Alexei Ivanov, the son of Khrapunov, I gave this record with my wife and with my children to the steward and Sumy Colonel Andrei Gerasimovich Kondratiev in that, in the last year of March 1701, on the 26th, I, Alexei, borrowed one hundred rubles from his stolnik and colonel to replenish the great sovereign’s service, to pay off my debts before the March deadline, before the same written date of the past 1702. And I, Alexei, did not pay that money against my borrowed record to him, the steward and colonel, for that period, and now there is nothing to pay for my poverty. Gerasimovich, the wife and children of the Great Sovereign of the salary, and his mixed land ... "(ibid., fol. 53).
In 1726 p. Krasnoe (Krasnaya Yaruga also) belonged to the landowner K.T. Mezentsev, he soon sold it to the brothers I.V. and G.V. Savich. In 1872, Ivan Gerasimovich Kharitonenko bought Krasnaya Yaruga from mistress M.S. Bibikova.
ADMINISTRATIVE AND TERRITORIAL DIVISION of the Krasnoyaruzhsky district of the Belgorod region
1658 - the first demarcation of the borders of the lands of our region
1681 - the year of foundation of the Red Yaruga.
At that time, Krasnaya Yaruga had a double name - s. Red and s. Red Yaruga.
In 1765, the Sloboda-Ukrainian province was established, to which the southern part of the Belgorod province, including our region, was ceded. This year, Krasnaya Yaruga was part of the Krasnopolsky district and began its existence as a settlement of the Krasnopolsky district. Previously, villages arose only under the protection of the fortress walls of cities, and such was the city of Krasnopolye at that time.
At the end of the 50s of the 18th century, Krasnopolye became a hundredth place of the Cossacks of the Sumy regiment and played the role of a defensive line of the Muscovite state, primarily against the Tatars, who raided in 1659, 1663, 1668 and devastated the district.
An atlas with a description of the Kharkov vicegerency for 1779 was found in the Kharkov archive. On this map of the Miropolsky district of the Kharkov governorship of the Slobodok-Ukrainian province, one can see Krasnaya Yaruga, located on the Red River, Ilek-Penkovka, Grafovka, Popovka, Demidovka and other villages that existed at that time.
On May 23, 1779, according to the "Institution of Governorates", Belgorod Governorate became part of Kursk. All these years, modern districts - Rakityansky, Graivoronsky, Borisovsky and partially Krasnoyaruzhsky and Ivnyansky were part of the Hotmyzhsky district.
From 1779 to 1797, the county town of Khotmyzhsk with the county was also part of the Kharkov governorship.
On May 1, 1797, according to the decree of December 12, 1796 "On the restoration of the Slobodeko-Ukrainian province within the limits of 1756", the cities of Miropolye and Khotmyzhsk were returned to the Kursk province. Krasnaya Yaruga at that time belonged to the Miropolsky district of the Kursk province.
In 1797, new administrative units were introduced for the villages of state peasants - volosts, which were part of the counties and were subordinate to them.
In 1861, the volost began to unite all peasants - both state and former landowners. In this form, the parish existed until 1917. The Krasnoyaruzhskaya volost at that time was part of the Graivoronsky district of the Kursk province.
In 1928, a new administrative division was introduced in the country: region, district, village council. Sloboda Krasnaya Yaruga was transformed into the village of Krasnaya Yaruga in the Kursk region.
On June 16, 1928, the Voronezh Central-Chernozem Region was formed, which was abolished in 1934. This region also included the Krasnoyaruzhsky district, as an independent administrative unit until 1930. From 1931 to 1934, the Krasnoyaruzhsky district was part of Rakityansky, and since 1935 it was again an independent administrative unit.
In 1958, the village of Krasnaya Yaruga was transformed into an urban-type settlement in the Belgorod Region.
Executive committee decision
The Executive Committee of the Regional Council of Working People's Deputies decided:
1. To transform the village of Krasnaya Yaruga into a working settlement of Krasnaya Yaruga of the Krasnoyaruga region.
2. Transfer to the administrative subordination of the newly formed settlement the settlements included in the Krasnoyaruzhsky village council: farms - Krasnoorlovsky. Gontarevsky, Pavlovsky, Stanichny and Novaya Derevnya, the village of Otradovka, the Dubino state farm,
junction Podkosylevo, Sveklovichnuyu station, Dubino forest lodge, railway station booths at 66, 67, 115 and 117 km and Korytnoye forestry.
3. Abolish the Krasnoyaruzhsk Village Council and form a Village Council of Working People's Deputies.
in 1962, the Krasnoyarzhsky district merged with Rakityansky and was part of it for 29 years, until 1991.
In 1991, according to the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR NQ 1054-1 of April 22, and at the request of the inhabitants, the Krasnoyaruzhsky district was restored, but not within its former borders (the villages of R.-Berezovka, Svyatoslavka and Ilek-Koshary remained part of the Rakityansky district).
Krasnoyaruzhsky district IN THE DISTANT PAST
Scythian-Slavic period (I-VIII cc.)
The secret of the past centuries leaves us in deep hoary antiquity. But archaeological excavations reveal it step by step.
The research done by archaeologists D. Samokhvalov and later I. Lyapushkin on the watershed of Psla and Vorskpa shed light on the archaeological history of these territories. They explored several dozen excavations of Scythian settlements and settlements in the area
Borisovka, Grayvoron, Hotmyzhsk, Sudzhi, Lgov, Rylsk. On the archaeological map, these cities are seen as if strung on a single line that runs through the territory of the Krasnoyarzhsky Territory. Therefore, we can assume that our region has a similar history.
Mounds, or burial grounds, speak of the life of ancient settlements of people who lived in our area. During the autopsy, they found human skeletons, clay vessels with burnt human bones, artistic items: bracelets, rings, metal jewelry, remains of clothing, dishes, as well as fragments of Greek amphoras, animal bones and crafts made of clay and stone: spindle whorls, sinkers, balls for throwing from a sling, etc.
These finds give full grounds to attribute the origin of settlements and settlements to the late Scythian period - 300-400 BC.
There are similar burial mounds within our Krasnoyarzhsky Territory: Terebreno, Vyazovoe, Krasnaya Yaruga village, Lipovye Balki farm, etc. They are of different heights and degrees of preservation. Some of them are barely noticeable. There were more in the last century. Now many are destroyed during plowing and buildings.
The find of a resident of the village of Vyazovoe Didenko SA also testifies to the ancient settlements of people in our region. As a child, on a freshly plowed field, which is located on the right bank of the Ilek River, near the Vysokoye farm, he found shards of pottery of our ancestors. Until now, in this field, you can find the remains of dishes with characteristic features of both the bottom and sides of large and small vessels.
In the autumn of 1996, the employees of the local history museum, together with Didenko S.L. and Shashchenko N.N., the former chairman of JSC "Vyazovskoye", surveyed this territory again. This field with an area of about three hectares is located near the village. Elm, was sown with clover On the surface among the clover were found small clay fragments of gray dishes, not covered with glaze. Some had a pattern in the form of wavy and zigzag lines. Several dozen such fragments were found, which are stored in the Krasnoyarzhsky Museum of Local Lore. Part of the sherds was sent to the archaeological department of the Belgorod Museum of Local History, where a study was made and a conclusion was given: Chernyakhov culture, III-IV centuries. AD
Consequently, there were large human settlements on our territory, the most ancient of which are Scythian settlements in the form of settlements and settlements. The Scythians led a nomadic lifestyle. They were not yet engaged in agriculture, and their main occupation was hunting and cattle breeding.
The Scythians were replaced by the Sarmatians (one of the tribes of the Sarmatians - the Alans lived on our territory), and they were replaced by the Slavs. As the Greek chronicler Shernok wrote in the 4th century, the name "Slavs" comes from the Latin word slavus - slave, slave. The Varangians sailed along the Dnieper to Tsargrad (Constantinople), attacked the Slavs, took them into captivity and sold them to the Byzantines for a lot of money. The Slavs were valued dearly, as they were healthy, hardworking, strong.
The Slavs were divided into northerners, glades, drevlyans. Northerners lived in our area. They lived in large families - 20-30 people each. There was an elder in the family who managed the household. They believed that many gods rule the whole world: the god of thunder and lightning is Perun, the elder god; the god of the sun and light - Dazhbog; god of the sky - Svarog; the god of spring - Yarilo; goddess of love and happiness - Lada.
The Slavs believed that mermaids lived in rivers, brownies lived in houses. They believed in an afterlife. In winter, they celebrated the shortest day - the carol holiday, and in summer the longest day - Ivan Kupala. They didn't have temples. Altars were set up in the forests, and domestic animals were sacrificed. Dead people were buried in the ground or burned, the ashes were collected in earthenware and placed at the side of the road. Nobles were buried magnificently, along with their wives, jewelry and servants. A feast was celebrated at the grave: They drank, ate, sang songs, danced and fought.
The Russian land went on behalf of Prince Ros in the 4th century. The Rus lived on the Seversky Donets. When the Huns pressed them, the Rus moved to the glades of the Dnieper region. The meadows had an army, they had Prince Kiy and their own name "Rus". In honor of Prince Kyi, the city of Kyiv was created. Subsequently, Kievan Rus was formed.
The Slavs of the Rus tribe encrypted their ancestral home in the sign of a trident, which depicts seven sacred rivers with fortresses along the banks, in the form of a flying owl. The owl was an ancient deity of the Uruses. This bird, sent by the god Perun, symbolized Mother Svasova.
Kyiv period (lX-XIII centuries)
At the end of the 9th century, the territory of our region was part of Kievan Rus. The Slavs are united in the Kievan state. Under the children and grandchildren of Grand Duke Yaroslav the Wise, principalities were formed on the territory of the Kievan state. Our territory became part of Pereyaslav Rus.
In the book v.p. Semenov "Russia. A complete geographical description of our Fatherland" (vol. 2, ed. 1902, p. 119) notes that in the 10th century the Pechenegs came to Kievan Rus from the Ural steppes, in the 11th century the Polovtsians came with their nomads, conquered Pechenegs and partly mixed with them. The Slavs became sedentary farmers, and the steppe expanses were occupied by the nomadic Polovtsians, then by the Tatars. Between them there was a centuries-old struggle. It continued until all the nomadic tribes were partly pushed aside, partly subordinated to the Muscovite state.
The ancient cities of Kievan Rus - Belopolye, Miropolye, Putivl, Glukhov, Karpov, Hotmyzhsk, Belgorod - repeatedly became strongholds in battles with the Pechenegs, Polovtsians, and Mongols-Tatars.
All the principalities were subordinate to the Kyiv prince, he personally judged for misconduct and disobedience. The land belonged to the princes.
Money appeared. Kievan Rus received Orthodox baptism in 988, but many remained pagans until the 14th century.
Having been baptized, the inhabitants of Kievan Rus began to worship Jesus Christ. The reference book was the Gospel.
After the adoption of Christianity, the trident, as a generic sign of the Rus, was preserved in memory from the pagan faith and came to the Dnieper region along with the Rus, and then over time it became the generic sign of the Kyiv princes. This sign was also depicted on coins.
During the period of feudal fragmentation of Russia, internecine struggle took place between the princes in the middle of the XN century. Taking advantage of this, the Polovtsy increased their pressure on Russian lands.
The main strength of the Kuryans and the inhabitants of the Family, who served as a solid stronghold of Russia on the northern side of the steppe, consisted not only in their constant readiness to fight the nomads, but also in their acquaintance with the “yarugas” crossing the neighboring steppes, that is, ravines or gullies overgrown with forest vegetation , without the help of which it was impossible to go deep into the steppes without being noticed by the enemy.
In 1185, the united squads of Novgorod-Severek led by Prince Igor Svyatoslavovich, Kursk-Trubchevsk prince Vsevolod, Rylsky prince Svyatoslav and Putivl prince Vladimir set out on a campaign against the Polovtsy. All squads moved to the river Seversky Donets through our region. The most ancient literary work "The Tale of Igor's Campaign" informs about this in detail. Although Igor's army was defeated, the Russian people stubbornly defended their lands. The Polovtsy took advantage of the victory, and Khan Kza devastated and burned the wooden fortifications of the Pereyaslav principality.
Tatar period (XIII-XIV centuries)
in the XIII century, Kievan Rus was subjected to a massive invasion of the Mongol-Tatar khans. During the first Tatar invasion of Russia, Prince Oleg, together with his Kuryans, was in the forefront of the defenders of the Fatherland on the Kalka River in 1224. Prince Oleg of Kursk was one of the heroes of this battle with his Kursk people. This is proved by the fact that only in front of him and in front of Prince Danil of Galicia did the Tatars turn to flight. Since the Tatars, after the defeat of the Russian princes, sent their main forces to pursue the princes who had fled to the Dnieper, and the rest to take the camp of Prince Mstislav of Kyiv, who did not participate in the battle, Prince Oleg and the Kursk people went straight to Kursk through the steppes and yarugi familiar to them, fleeing danger.
In 1239, the Tatars captured the city of Pereyaslavl, the center of our principality. The princes were not united among themselves and could not protect their lands and their subjects from the Tatars. People decided to submit to the Tatars and free themselves from the taxes of the princes. There were no princes in Pereyaslav and Kiev principalities.
The Tatars, taking advantage of the success of military operations, created their own state - the Golden Horde. But soon, in the XIV century, it fell apart.
The Nogai Horde, Astrakhan, Crimean and Kazan khanates were formed.
The Crimean Tatars made more devastating raids in our region, forming the Muravsky, Izyumeky and Kalmiussky roads. Of the secondary routes, Bakaev Way, named after the Tatar Murza Bakaev, should be noted. This is a branch from the Muravsky Way. He passed along the old trade road, which existed in the distant times of Kievan Rus. A treasure trove of Roman coins was found on this trade route in the town of Miropolye. This way We call it Grayvoronekim. In our area, it passed through Lipovye Balki, Ilek-Penkovka, Vyazovoe, Repyakhovka, Grafovka, Demidovka on Miropolye and Sudzha.
Along all these paths, the Tatars struck blow after blow, leaving conflagrations and corpses in place of villages and cities. Thousands of people were driven into slavery.
Our region was desolated and turned into the so-called "wild field".
Lithuanian period (XIV-XVI centuries)
In 1320, along with the devastating raids of the Tatars from the west, Lithuanians and Poles also attacked the south of Russia. In the course of the struggle against the Tatar-Mongol yoke, as well as against enemies attacking from the west (princely Lithuania, the Livonian Order, royal Poland), a centralized state was formed around Moscow.
The Lithuanian princes, using the civil strife of the Russian princes and the weakening of Russia by the Mongol-Tatar yoke, began to seize our lands. Our region also came under the influence of Lithuania.
The border of the Lithuanian state passed in our region along the Vorskla River to the upper reaches of the Seimas. This is confirmed by the map of the XIV-XV centuries. from the book "Kharkov governorship" (ch. IV, p. 127).
The territories of the current Krasnoyaruzhsky, Rakityansky, Ivnyansky and part of Graivoronek districts began to belong to Lithuania. The Lithuanian government, in an effort to consolidate its power, began to forcibly spread the Catholic religion. The local population turned to Moscow for help.
In 1500, the war of the Russian state with the principality of Lithuania began. In 1503 the war ended with a truce. Our lands were liberated from the dominion of the Lithuanian princes. 319 cities, 70 volosts and the Putivl principality, which included the then territory of the Krasnoyaruga Territory, were ceded to Russia. But the situation on the southern border remained tense.
The main danger came from the Crimean Khanate. The Crimean Tatars made predatory raids, plundered Russian cities and villages, took people into captivity, supplying the slave markets with "human goods".
Moscow feudal period (XVI-XIX centuries)
In the 17th century, to protect the southern borders of the Russian state, a fortified line was built - the Tula Zasechnaya line, consisting of fortified cities, prisons, earthen ramparts, forest fences. Zaseks are trees fallen in the direction of the appearance of the enemy, one on top of the other in a wide strip. These notch forests were taken under state protection.
But this line was far from the southern borders of the Muscovite state. It was necessary to create fortresses near the "wild field".
In 1635, the construction of a new fortified line began, which was called the Belgorod defensive line. Its continuous fortifications stretched for 800 km in the territories of the present Sumy, Belgorod, Voronezh, Lipetsk and Tambov regions.
For the period 1635-1652. 27 fortress cities were built, incl. on the territory of the Belgorod region - Bolkhovets, Karpov, Hotmyzhsk, Nezhegolsk, Korocha, Yablonov, Novy Oskol and others.
The fortifications began near the city of Akhtyrka, Sumy region, then through the fortified cities of our region - Belgorod, Volny, Hotmyzhsk, Karpov and then east to Tambov.
The new defensive line played a big role in the settlement and development of the Belgorod Territory, incl. and Krasnoyarzhsky. This is confirmed by L.N. Chizhikova, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Leading Researcher at the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, in her article "Pancakes in the Hut and Dumplings in the Hut", published in the magazine "Your Choice" NQ 2, 1995.
Simultaneously with the cities-fortresses, suburban villages and villages arose. They were settled by runaway peasants, serfs, service people. Their role in the development of the southern lands of Russia is very significant.
The service class in the 17th century divided the axis into several categories depending on the origin and economic situation. The lowest category was made up of service people "according to the fatherland" - small local "children of the boyars" and service people "according to the instrument"
Non-draft free people, poor townspeople, Cossacks, fugitives and other social groups. The first were obliged to carry out regimental service, the second - military sentry. They received for this salary and land on local law. Some of them had one or more serfs, but most of them lived only in their own court, hence their name "odnodvortsy".
Service people from the city of Khotmyzhsk, settled in 1650 by boyar children, archers, Cossacks and gunners, founded settlements on the Vorskla: Streletskaya, Cossack, Pushkarnaya. Under the protection of Hotmyzhsk, Karpov and Volny, they founded settlements in the basins of the Vorskla, Ilka, Rakitnaya, Psel: Soldatskoye, Akulinovka, Gotnya, R.-Berezovka, Russian Fox (now Ivanovskaya Fox), Kasilovo, Pochaevo, Terebreno, Dorogoshch and others, capturing Vyazovskaya, Krasnoyaruzhskaya, Rakityanskaya, Dmitrievskaya, Strigunovskaya volosts of Graivoronsky district.
Free colonization was also of great importance in the settlement of the region. From the oppression of the Poles and Lithuanians, Ukrainians and Russians from Central Russia fled to these lands. A compact strip of Ukrainian settlements was located in the basins of the Ilek, Psel, Vorskla rivers. The southern part of this strip, torn by wedged volosts with the Russian population, ran along the border with the Kharkov province, capturing Borisov, Vysokovskaya, Golovchanskaya, Graivoronskaya volosts of Graivoronsky district, Bessonovskaya and Tolokonskaya volosts of Belgorod district (south of the Vorskla River).
Intensive settlement of our region continued until the beginning of the 19th century. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the resettlement movement from the Central Black Earth provinces intensified.
The government contributed in every possible way to the resettlement of Ukrainians from the west of Ukraine. He needed the protection of the southern borders of Russia.
At the beginning of the 18th century, many Ukrainian settlements along the Vorskla River became the possessions of Count B.N. Sheremetev.
According to the materials of the All-Union census of 1926, Ukrainians prevailed in the Krasnoyaruzhskaya volost of the Graivoron uyezd, there were 30,123 of them, which accounted for 88.2% of the total population of the volost. Subsequent censuses showed the predominance of Russians in these areas. Therefore, it is no coincidence that the Ukrainian language was studied in the schools of our region until 1935.
Krasnaya Yaruga is the regional center of the Krasnoyaruzhsky district. Located on four hills on both sides of the ancient Red River, away from large and noisy cities. The geographical coordinates of the village are 50 degrees 48 minutes north latitude and 35 degrees 42 minutes east longitude. The village is home to 8 thousand people, which is half the population of the region as a whole. Architecturally, the outskirts of the village of Krasnaya Yaruga are located on hills, and the central part of the village, divided into uneven quarters, is also located on a hill.
In the lowlands between the hills there are meadows and natural ponds. In the village there are 66 streets and 1 lane, mainly, with the exception of the central part, private buildings prevail.
Krasnaya Yaruga is the administrative, industrial and cultural center of the region. There are: a sugar factory, Krasnoyaruzhsky Broiler CJSC, Krasnoyaruzhsky Pig Farm LLC. These enterprises form the backbone of the village.
In recent years, the village of Krasnaya Yaruga has changed beyond recognition. The village is fully gasified. All the streets of the village are paved. In recent years, there has been a constant increase in the number of housing commissioned through the IZHS fund. A lot of work has been done to improve the village, laid more than 30 thousand m2 of paving slabs, laid out 28 hectares of lawns and flower beds.
The village of Krasnaya Yaruga twice became the winner of the regional competition "The most comfortable settlement of the Belgorod region". Improvement of Centralnaya Street was carried out, a fountain was built. In recent years, a stable social sphere has developed in the village, a cultural and leisure center has been built, which houses the regional library, a museum, a marriage hall, a sports and recreation complex with a swimming pool has recently been put into operation, a new surgical building of the central regional hospital with 60 beds has been built . The residents of the village have a real opportunity to use beautiful modern buildings.
The economic and social infrastructure created in recent years provides all the opportunities for the comprehensive development of our village.
History reference
Krasnaya Yaruga is one of the oldest villages in the Belgorod region. The first mention of it as a village was contained in the refusal book of the Krasnopolsky centurion Prokopy Andreev, where it is noted that the village was formed on July 6, 1685 by decree of the Moscow great sovereigns Ivan Alekseevich and Peter Alekseevich.
The history of our region is complex and confusing for the reason that it occupies a border position between Russia and Ukraine and at different times was part of different lands. When studying various archival documents and materials of the archive, a source was found that speaks of the date of the foundation of the Krasnaya Yaruga. This is a copy of an extract from the refuse books given to the children of Hotmysh by the boyars dated December 24, 1681.
In 1726 Krasnaya Yaruga belonged to the landowner K.T. Mezentsev, who sold it to the brothers I.V. and G.V. Savich. Then Krasnaya Yaruga passed from one owner to another, and at the end of the 18th century, Krasnaya Yaruga belonged to the titular adviser S.S. Khlyustin and his descendants. The Khlyustins owned the Krasnoyaruga land for about 100 years.
In October 1872, Ivan Gerasimovich Kharitonenko acquired the Krasnoyaruzhsky estate from the landowner M.S. Bibikova. On the day of the purchase, the estate had 1949 acres of land, 529 acres of forest. During the period 1872-1918, the owners expanded the estate by purchasing new lands and forests by building industrial enterprises. The description of the estate for 1907 says: "The Krasnaya Yaruga estate, consisting of four savings, is located within the Kursk province of the Grayvoron district of the Krasnoyaruga volost."
In 1873, a sugar factory was built on the estate. Krasnoyaruzhskaya economy has become the center of a vast Krasnoyaruzhsky estate with intensive farming and a high level of agricultural technology. The economy specialized in the cultivation of sugar beets for the Krasnoyaruzhsky sugar factory.
In 1874, the Krasnoyarzhsky sugar factory produced its first products. In 1900, the Belgorod - Sumy railway was built with the Sveklovichnaya station located on it. The second railway line - Severo-Donetsk - was built in 1910 with the nearest station Gotnya at a distance of 8 kilometers.
After the October Revolution, the basis of the economy of the village was the sugar industry.
In 1931, the first tractor appeared in Krasnaya Yaruga. Two years later, two MTSs were formed.
In 1930, on the basis of handicraft artels, the Krasnoyaruzhsky industrial complex was founded. There were three brick factories in Krasnaya Yaruga. The production capacity of bricks was increased to 320 thousand pieces per year. The Krasnoyarzhsky sugar factory was transformed into a sugar factory. During this period, the plant produced 500 thousand centners of sugar, processing 4000 centners of sugar beet per day.
But the peaceful creative development of the village was stopped by the war, which became a difficult test for the inhabitants of Krasnaya Yaruga.
On October 19, having blown up the bridge and burned down the sugar factory so that the enemy would not get it, the last units of the Red Army left the Red Yaruga and the Germans entered the very next day. The terrible time of occupation began, which lasted until February 19, 1943. Immediately after the liberation, the restoration of the economy destroyed by the war began. Collective farms were merged. In May 1948, the construction of a sugar factory began at a new location. 100 hectares of land were allocated. Already in 1950, the plant produced the first products. It processed 12 thousand centners of sugar beet per day with an output of 1000 centners of sugar. In 1952, the reconstruction was carried out, and the plant began to process 25 thousand centners of sugar beet per day.
In the 1960s - 1980s, the Krasnoyarzhsky sugar plant was equipped with new equipment. In 1959, the plant's boiler house switched to liquid fuel (fuel oil). Labor productivity has increased significantly. In 1970-1980, shops, a bus station, a fountain, dormitories, residential buildings for workers, and a recreation area were built in the urban settlement.
In administrative-territorial terms, the village of Krasnaya Yaruga was part of the Kursk province. In 1928 the Krasnaya Yaruga settlement was transformed into the village of Krasnaya Yaruga. From 1931 to 1934, the Krasnoyaruzhsky district was part of Rakityansky, and since 1935 it was again an independent administrative unit.
On January 6, 1954, the Belgorod Region was separated from the Kursk Region. In 1958, the village of Krasnaya Yaruga was transformed into an urban-type settlement in the Belgorod Region. In 1962, the Krasnoyaruzhsky district merged with Rakityansky and was part of it for 29 years, until 1991.
In 1991, according to the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR No. 1054-1 dated April 22, and at the request of the inhabitants, the Krasnoyaruzhsky district was restored. Since that time, a new history of the village of Krasnaya Yaruga began.
Despite the difficulties of the 90s of the 20th century, Krasnaya Yaruga developed steadily. In 1995 a modern school with a swimming pool was built. A new polyclinic building has been erected, a central market, a stadium, and many other social facilities have been built. Several multi-storey residential buildings have been built. In 1998, a new standard kindergarten was put into operation. On November 5, 1999, at the entrance to the village of Krasnaya Yaruga, the first monument in Russia "To the peasantry of Russia of the 20th century who suffered during the repressions" was opened. The author of the monument is a well-known architect, academician V.M.Klykov. In December 2000, at the initiative of the residents of the village, the Cosmo-Damian Church of the Holy Unmercenaries and Wonderworkers was built.