BLANQUI, Louis Auguste (1805–1881), French communist revolutionary, leader of the Paris Commune91 First we'll cross the river, and then we'll see! (about the debate about post-revolutionary socialist society)? Gorev B.I. Auguste Blanqui. - M., 1923, p.

MINISTRY OF ENERGY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

INSTRUCTIONS FOR SWITCHING IN ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS

1. GENERAL

1.1. This instruction defines the order and sequence of switching in electrical installations with voltage up to and above 1000 V.
1.2. The instruction was drawn up in accordance with federal legislation, the rules for the technical operation of power plants and networks, and labor protection rules.
1.3. Based on this Instruction, at power plants, in electrical networks, instructions are developed for the production of switching (hereinafter referred to as instructions for power enterprises), taking into account the features of normal and "repair" schemes for electrical connections of electrical installations, the design and composition of switchgear equipment, features of relay protection devices, the procedure for the operational maintenance of these objects . The instructions of power enterprises reflect the features and procedure for switching during the operational maintenance of new series of electrical equipment, including: thyristor and brushless excitation systems for generators, thyristor starters for gas turbines, reversible brushless excitation systems for synchronous compensators, static compensators, controlled shunt reactors, SF6 and vacuum circuit breakers .
1.4. This Instruction is used by personnel involved in the development, coordination and approval of instructions of power enterprises for switching in electrical installations, as well as operational and administrative and technical personnel involved in operational switching. The instruction of the power company on operational switching in electrical installations is located at the workplace of the operational dispatch personnel.
1.5. The operational personnel of power facilities, power systems, combined include: operational personnel - personnel directly influencing the controls of electrical installations and managing and maintaining electrical installations in a shift; operational and repair personnel - personnel with the right to directly influence the controls of electrical installations; operational managers (dispatchers) - personnel exercising operational management in shifting the work of objects assigned to them (energy systems, electrical networks, power plants) and subordinate personnel.
1.6. The operating personnel of power plants, substations, electrical networks and power systems include:
shift supervisors of electrical workshops of power plants;
power unit shift supervisors;
duty electricians of power plants;
substation electricians on duty;
operational team personnel.
Operational and repair personnel of electrical networks include repair personnel with the right to perform switching in electrical installations. The operational leaders in the shift are:
dispatcher of the Unified Energy System (Russia), the unified energy system, intersystem electrical networks;
power system manager;
dispatcher of the enterprise (district, section) of the electrical network;
shift supervisor (duty engineer) of the power plant.
During the shift, operational managers, exercising operational management of the operation of power systems, power plants and electrical networks, supervise the work of operational personnel when switching in electrical installations.
1.7. The operational state of electrical equipment (generators, transformers, synchronous compensators, switching devices, busbars, current-carrying parts, power lines, etc.) is determined by the position of the switching devices, with the help of which it is turned off or turned on under voltage and put into operation. Commissioned equipment is in one of the following operational states:
in operation, including in automatic reserve, under voltage;
in reserve;
under repair;
in conservation.
1.8. The equipment is considered to be in operation if the switching devices in its circuit are turned on and a closed electrical circuit is formed or can be automatically formed between the power source and the power receiver. Valve arresters, coupling capacitors, voltage transformers, surge arresters and other equipment, rigidly (without disconnectors) connected to the power source and under voltage, are considered to be in operation.
1.9. The equipment is considered to be in automatic reserve if it is switched off only by switches or separators having an automatic drive to turn on, and can be put into operation by the action of automatic devices.
1.10. The equipment is considered to be energized if it is connected by switching devices to one voltage source (power transformer at no load, power line connected from the side of the substation supplying it, etc.). An unexcited generator (or synchronous compensator) disconnected from the network, but continuing to rotate, with the field extinguisher turned off, is considered to be energized.
1.11. The equipment is considered to be in reserve if it is disconnected by switching devices and it is possible to put it into operation using these switching devices.
1.12. The equipment is considered to be under repair if it is disconnected by switching devices, removed fuses or busted, grounded and prepared in accordance with the requirements of safety rules for the performance of repair work.
1.13. Each relay protection and automation device can be in the following state:
included (introduced) into work;
disconnected (disabled) from work;
disabled for maintenance.
1.14. The RPA device is considered to be in operation if all output circuits, including the contacts of the output relays of this device, are connected with the help of overlays (blocks, keys) to the control circuits of switching on or off control electromagnets of switching devices.
1.15. The RPA device is considered disabled if all output circuits, including the contacts of the output relays of this device, are disconnected by overlays (blocks, keys) from switching on or off control electromagnets of switching devices.
1.16. The RPA device is considered disabled for maintenance (operational check) if it cannot be put into operation due to a malfunction of the device itself or its circuits, as well as for preventive maintenance on the device or in its circuits.
1.17. Switching in the normal mode of operation of the electrical installation when transferring RPA equipment and devices from one state to another, as well as switching associated with a change in the operational modes of operation of equipment and RPA devices, are carried out by operational personnel by order of the operational manager in whose operational control this equipment and devices are located RZA.
1.18. In the normal mode of operation, operations with the equipment and devices of the RPA, which are under the operational control of the dispatcher, can be performed only after obtaining his permission. Permission is given in a general form, for example: “I authorize shutdown of power unit No. 1”; “I authorize the commissioning of the second 110 kV busbar system”, etc. Having received permission to perform switching, the operational manager or operational personnel, in whose operational control this equipment and relay protection devices are located, establishes the sequence of operations necessary in this case and gives the order to the operational personnel of energy enterprises to switch.
1.19. In distribution power networks with voltage up to 35 kV inclusive, in the absence of operational dispatch control, switching can be performed by order of authorized administrative and technical personnel, who in this case perform the functions of a dispatcher. The list of electrical installations for which such a switching procedure is adopted is established by an order for the enterprise. The admission of administrative and technical personnel to the duties of a dispatcher is carried out after checking their knowledge in the manner established by the management of the electric grid enterprise.
1.20. In urgent cases (in case of a clear danger to human life or the safety of equipment, an accident, a natural disaster, a fire, a technological disruption in the operation of a power facility), the operating personnel of the power enterprise are allowed to independently perform the necessary switching of equipment in this case, which is in operational control or operational management of higher-level operational and dispatching personnel, without obtaining an order or permission from the dispatcher, but with subsequent notification of all operations performed as soon as such an opportunity arises.
1.21. The Instructions adopted the following abbreviations and terms:
AB - automatic switch;
AVR - automatic inclusion of a reserve;
AGP - automatic suppression of the magnetic field of the generator or synchronous compensator;
AO-energo - regional joint-stock company of energy and electrification;
AR - automatic reclosing;
APVT - automatic reclosing of the transformer;
ARV - automatic excitation regulator:
АРКТ - automatic transformer ratio regulator;
ASDU - automated dispatch control system;
APCS - automated process control system;
AT - autotransformer;
VL - overhead power line;
DZO - differential busbar protection;
DZSH - differential protection of busbars;
DFZ - differential-phase protection;
DGR - arc quenching reactor;
UES - unified energy system;
ЗН - grounding disconnector knives;
KZ - short circuiter;
KL - cable power line;
KRU - complete switchgear;
KRUN - complete switchgear for outdoor installation;
MTP - mast transformer substation;
MUT - turbine power control mechanism;
MES - intersystem electrical networks;
OB - bypass switch;
OVB - operational-field brigade;
OD - separator;
ODS - operational dispatch service;
UES - unified electric power system;
PA - emergency automatics;
PES - an enterprise of electric networks;
RU - switchgear;
RZA - relay protection and electroautomatics;
RP - distribution point;
RPN - transformer voltage regulation switch under load;
RES - area of ​​electrical networks;
SV - sectional switch;
CH - own needs;
SDTU - means of dispatching and technological control;
SS - bus system;
TN - voltage transformer;
TP - transformer substation;
TS - telesignalization;
TSN - auxiliary transformer;
TT - current transformer;
TU - telecontrol;
UROV - circuit breaker failure backup device;
CDS - central dispatching service;
CPU - power center;
ShSV - bus connection switch.
Switching form (regular) - an operational document that provides a strict sequence of operations with switching devices, grounding disconnectors (knives), operating current circuits, relay protection devices, emergency and regime automation, operations to check the absence of voltage, apply and remove portable grounding, hanging and removing posters, as well as the necessary (in terms of personnel safety and equipment safety) verification operations.
A typical switching form is an operational document that indicates a strict sequence of operations when performing repetitive complex switching in electrical installations for specific electrical connection diagrams and states of RPA devices. The switching program (standard program) is an operational document that indicates a strict sequence of operations when switching in electrical installations of different levels of control or different power facilities. Remote control - control of the switching device from a remote control station (panel, console) at a safe distance. Local control - control of the switching device from a local button or control key located near the switching device.

2. ORGANIZATION AND PROCEDURE OF SWITCHING

2.1. Switch order
2.1.1. Before issuing an order for switching, it is recommended for the operational manager to find out the state of the electrical installation circuit, the readiness of operational personnel for switching, the availability of a switching form (program), the presence of a controlling person, etc. The dispatcher gives the order to switch, as a rule, directly to the operational manager of a lower level of management. The receiver of the switching order repeats the text to the one giving the order and writes it down in the operational log. It is allowed to transfer the order to switch to the duty officer of the electrical installation, the direct connection with which was broken, through the duty officer of another electrical installation, who records the order in his operational log or on a sound recording tape (if there is a sound recording of the negotiations), and then transmits the order to his destination.
2.1.2. In case of urgent need and in the absence of a power plant shift supervisor at the control panel, the power system dispatcher gives an order to perform a single operation on equipment (including relay protection and automation devices) under his operational control directly to the shift supervisor of the electrical shop or the electrician on duty of the main (central) control panel (for example, about remote switching on or off of the circuit breaker, about switching in relay protection circuits, etc.). The specified operational personnel executes the dispatcher's order, informs the dispatcher who gave the order, and the shift supervisor of the power plant.
2.1.3. The content of the switching order and the procedure for its implementation are determined by the higher-level operational personnel issuing it, taking into account the complexity of the task, the necessary coordination of the actions of the operational personnel and the consistency of changes in electrical installation diagrams. The switching order indicates the purpose of the switching and the sequence of operations in the electrical installation diagram and relay protection and automation circuits with the necessary degree of detail, determined by higher-level operational and dispatching personnel. When switching in RPA circuits, the names of connections, relay protection devices (automation) and operations that are performed are called.
2.1.4. The order to switch is given in a clear content, clear and as short as possible. The giver and receiver of the order clearly learn the sequence of the planned operations and the admissibility of their execution according to the security conditions, the state of the circuit, the mode of operation of the equipment and the network. It is not allowed for operational personnel to carry out instructions that are incomprehensible to them.
2.1.5. At power plants and substations with constant duty of operational personnel, the switching performer is simultaneously given no more than one task for carrying out operational switching, containing operations of the same purpose.
2.1.6. In order to save time and rationalize the use of transport, the personnel of the PSO serving substations and distribution networks are allowed to issue several tasks for switching at the same time, indicating the sequence of their execution. The number of tasks given to one brigade is determined by the one who gives the order. Jobs are recorded in the OBE operational log in the order in which they are executed. The FSO personnel begin to perform each next task after informing the dispatcher about the completion of the previous task and only after receiving his permission to perform the next task. When eliminating damage in power networks of 10 kV and below, it is allowed to perform the next tasks without prior notification to the dispatcher about the completion of the previous tasks.
2.1.7. The order of the superior operational and dispatching personnel on issues within its competence is mandatory for execution by the operational and dispatching personnel subordinate to it. In the event that the order of the superior operational and dispatching personnel seems to be erroneous to the subordinate operational and dispatching personnel, he immediately reports this to the person who gave the order. Upon confirmation of the order, the operational and dispatching personnel carry it out. Orders of higher operational dispatch personnel containing violations of safety rules, as well as orders that can lead to damage to equipment, loss of power supply to the power plant, substation or blackout of consumers of category I, are not allowed. The operational and dispatching personnel report their refusal to comply with the order to the higher operational and dispatching personnel who issued the order and to the relevant administrative and technical manager, and also writes it down in the operational log (indicating the reason for the refusal).
2.1.8. Switching on electrical equipment and in RPA devices that are under the operational control of higher operational and dispatching personnel are made at his order, and those under his jurisdiction - with his permission.
2.1.9. The dispatcher's order to switch is considered fulfilled if the dispatcher is informed about it by the person who received the order.
2.1.10. If the equipment is under the operational control of higher-level operational personnel, then the time of obtaining permission to switch and the time of notification of the completion of switching to the person who authorized them is recorded in the operational log or on a sound recording tape (if there is a sound recording of negotiations) similar to records of switching performed by order of a superior operating personnel in whose operational control the equipment is located.
2.1.11. The higher-level operational and dispatching personnel gives permission for switching in a general form (without listing individual operations) after checking the possibility of their implementation according to the scheme, checking the operating mode of the equipment and carrying out the necessary regime measures.

2.2. Switch forms

2.2.1. Complex switching, as well as all switching (except for single ones) on electrical installations that are not equipped with interlocking devices or have faulty interlocking devices, are performed according to programs, switching forms. The complex ones include switching that requires a strict sequence of operations with switching devices, grounding disconnectors and relay protection devices, emergency and regime automation. When performing the sequence of operations specified in the programs, switching forms, the safety of operational and maintenance personnel is ensured and the occurrence or development of a violation in the operation of the electrical installation is prevented. Along with the usual switching forms for repetitive complex switching, standard programs and standard switching forms are developed and used. When performing complex switching, it is not allowed to replace forms or switching programs with any other operational documents.
2.2.2. For each power plant, substation and electrical installation of distribution networks, lists of types of switching performed according to ordinary switching forms, according to standard switching forms and programs, as well as a list of types of switching, which are allowed without switching forms, are developed. Each list indicates the number of operational personnel participating in certain switchings. Lists of complex switching, approved by the technical managers of the relevant AO-energos and power facilities, are stored at the control rooms of AO-energos and power facilities, central (main) control panels of power plants and substations.
Lists of complex switching are reviewed when changing the scheme, equipment composition, protection and automation devices.
2.2.3. The usual switching form is compiled by the operational or operational and maintenance personnel who will carry out the switching, after the order is recorded in the operational log. It is allowed to draw up a switching form in advance during the shift by the specified personnel.
2.2.4. Typical switching forms are developed in advance by the personnel of power enterprises in relation to complex switching in the main electrical connection diagram of an electrical installation, in auxiliary circuits, relay protection devices, taking into account the fact that switching operations containing operations with secondary switching equipment in emergency system automation circuits are among the complex ones. Typical switching forms are signed at power plants by the heads of electrical shops and their deputies for relay protection and automation; at the enterprises of electrical networks - by the heads of the ODS and the heads of the local services of the RPA (MS RZA). Typical switching forms are agreed with the head of the ODS or CDS, in whose operational management the equipment is located, and approved by the chief engineer of the enterprise.
2.2.5. Switching programs (standard programs) are used by operational managers in the production of switching in electrical installations of different levels of management and different power facilities. The switching program is approved by the head of the dispatching department, in whose operational subordination is all switched equipment. The degree of detail of the programs is taken corresponding to the level of dispatch control. Persons who directly perform the switching are allowed to use the switching programs of the corresponding dispatcher, supplemented by the switching forms. Typical programs and switching forms are timely corrected in case of changes in the main wiring diagram of electrical installations related to the commissioning of new equipment, the replacement or partial dismantling of obsolete equipment, the reconstruction of switchgears, as well as the inclusion of new relay protection devices or changes in electrical installations. In case of planned changes in the scheme and modes of operation of the IPS, the power system and changes in the RPA devices, the production services of the unified power systems and power systems, which manage the RPA equipment and devices, make the necessary changes and additions to the standard programs and switching forms at the appropriate levels of operational management in advance.
2.2.6. In the switching forms, which are operational documents, the procedure and sequence of operations are established when switching in the electrical connection diagrams of electrical installations and relay protection and automation circuits. Switching forms (standard forms) are used by operational and dispatching personnel directly performing switching. The switching form (normal and typical) records all operations with switching devices and operating current circuits, operations with relay protection and automation devices (as well as with the power circuits of these devices), operations for turning on and off grounding knives, applying and removing portable grounding, equipment phasing operations, the results of inspection of support-rod insulators (presence of cracks and chips) before performing operations with disconnectors, operations with telemechanics devices and others in a certain sequence of their execution. The switching forms indicate the most important verification actions of the personnel: checking the absence of voltage before applying grounding (turning on the grounding knives) to live parts; on-site check of the switched on position of the bus connection switch before starting operations to transfer connections from one bus system to another; on-site verification of the open position of the circuit breaker, if the next operation is with disconnectors; verification on site or by means of signaling devices of the position of each switching device of the primary circuit after the operation is performed by this device; checking after the end of the switching of the conformity of the switching devices in the RPA circuits to the regime cards. Each operation (or action) in the switching form is recorded under a serial number. Immediately before switching, according to the usual switching form, the correctness of the operations recorded in it is checked according to the operational diagram (or layout diagram), which accurately reflects the actual position of the switching devices of the electrical installation at the time of the check. After verification, the switching form is signed by two persons - performing the switching and controlling them. When switching is performed by one person from the operational personnel, the correctness of the preparation of the switching form is controlled by the operational head who gave the order to switch, and his name is entered in the form. At power plants, with the participation in the switching of the shift supervisor of the electrical workshop (as a controlling person) and the electrician on duty (as performing operations), the inscription “I allow switching” is made on the switching form, signed by the shift supervisor of the power plant.
2.2.7. When using standard switching forms, the following conditions are met:
a) the decision to use the standard switching form for specific operations is taken by the person performing the switching and the controlling person;
b) on a typical switching form, it is indicated for which connections, for which task and under which electrical installation scheme it can be applied;
c) before starting the switching, the standard switching form is checked according to the operational diagram or layout diagram of the electrical installation by the controlling person. On checking the standard switching form and the correctness of the sequence of operations and verification actions set out in it, in the operational log after the dispatcher's order to switch is recorded, a record is made that the corresponding standard switching form has been checked, corresponds to the schemes and switching in the sequence indicated in it can be performed. It is allowed to make the specified entry in the standard switching form signed by the person performing the operations and the person controlling the switching data;
d) it is not allowed to use a standard switching form in case of non-compliance of the electrical installation diagram or the state of the relay protection devices with the circuit for which the standard form was drawn up. It is not allowed for the operational personnel to make changes and additions to the standard switching form if it corresponds to the scheme and task;
e) if changes have occurred in the primary connection diagram or the circuits of relay protection and automation of the electrical installation that make it impossible to perform operations on individual items of the standard switching form, or errors are found in the standard switching form, the operating personnel of the power plant, substation makes an appropriate entry in the operational log and reports this to the persons who signed the standard switching form, or persons replacing them ex officio, as well as the operational manager. The use of a standard switching form in this case is not allowed and a regular switching form is drawn up;
f) in the case when, when using a standard switching form for a regular operation, a published electrical installation needs to receive an order from the dispatcher (for example, an order to turn on the grounding knives on a disconnected power line), in the standard switching form, before recording this next operation, a note is made “Performed by order dispatcher".
2.2.8. In case of complex switching in electrical installations using conventional and standard switching forms, it is allowed to involve persons from among the employees of local relay protection and automation services assigned to these devices to perform individual operations in the relay protection and automation circuits. The RPA service employee involved in the switching checks the correctness and sequence of the operations recorded in the switching form, signs the switching form as a participant in the switching and performs the next operations in the relay protection and automation circuits by order of the person performing the switching in the primary connection diagram. At the same time, orders and messages about their implementation can be transmitted using means of communication.
2.2.9. Switching forms (regular and standard) are reporting documents and are under strict accounting. The backup copies of the forms of both ordinary and standard operational switching issued to operational personnel are numbered. The numbers of all reserve switching forms issued to operational personnel are recorded in the operational log. When passing the shift, the numbers of the last used (filled) forms are indicated. Used switching forms (including damaged ones) are stored in the order of their numbers. Used switch forms are stored for at least 10 days. The correctness of filling, application and reporting on the switching forms is periodically monitored by the management of the electrical department at power plants, by operational personnel in electrical networks.

2.3. General provisions for switching

2.3.1. All switching at power stations and substations is carried out in accordance with the instructions of the power companies.
2.3.2. Switching in an electrical installation is allowed to be performed by operating personnel who know its scheme, the location of equipment and relay protection devices, who are trained in the rules for performing operations with switching devices and clearly represent the sequence of switching, who have passed the test of knowledge of the rules of technical operation, safety rules and production instructions. Admission to operational work is allowed after duplication at the workplace. It is not allowed to perform switching (even individual operations) to persons who do not have the right to do so. The list of persons admitted to conduct switching (with an indication of which electrical installations), as well as the list of administrative and technical personnel who control the implementation of switching, is approved by the head of the enterprise (organization).
2.3.3. The duty officer receives and issues a switching order in the following order:
a) having received an order to switch, writes it down on a “draft”, repeats it over the record and receives confirmation from the dispatcher that the order was understood correctly;
b) writes the task to the operational log;
c) checks according to the operational scheme (layout diagram) the sequence of operations and, if necessary, draws up a switching form or prepares a standard switching form for use. If there is a sound recording of negotiations, the task is recorded in the operational log in a general form without listing operations. A tape with a sound recording of negotiations is stored for ten days from the date of the last recording, unless a request is made to extend the storage period. The purpose of the order received and the sequence of upcoming operations is explained to the second person, if he is involved in the switching. 2.3.4. Switching in electrical installations, with the exception of complex ones, can be carried out individually - with one person on duty in a shift - or by two persons - with two persons on duty in a shift or as part of an OVB. Complex switching is performed by two persons, one of which is the controlling one. All other switchings in the presence of a functional blocking device can be performed individually, regardless of the composition of the shift. When switching is performed by two persons, the supervisor, as a rule, is the senior in position, who, in addition to the functions of operational control, exercises control over the switching as a whole. In some cases, the direct execution of operations in accordance with the instructions of the power company may be assigned to a senior officer. If there is one person from among the operational and dispatching personnel in the shift, the controlling person may be a person from the administrative and technical personnel who is allowed to perform switching. Before switching, he gets acquainted with the operational scheme and makes an entry in the operational log. If more than two persons participate in the switching, including an authorized person from the personnel of the RPA service, control over the correctness of the switching is assigned to all persons participating in the switching. During switching, it is not allowed to change the distribution of duties between the participants in the switching established by the instructions of the power company. It is not allowed to start performing operations alone if two people are involved in the switching. 2.3.5. Switching over the switching forms is carried out in the following order: a) at the place of switching, the personnel carefully checks the name of the connection and the name of the apparatus on which the operation is to be carried out according to the inscription, and their compliance with those indicated in the switching form. It is not allowed to switch from memory without reading the inscription on the device; b) after making sure that the selected connection and apparatus are correct, the controlling person reads out the content of the operation or verification action to be performed according to the switching form; c) the person performing the operation repeats its content and, having received the permission of the controlling person, performs the operation. In case of excessive density of arrangement of control devices on consoles and panels, the following procedure for performing the operation is recommended: the person performing the operation takes the control key (overlay, test block, etc.) and repeats the content of this operation; the controlling person makes sure that the control key (overlay, etc.) is selected correctly and the content of the operation being performed is understood, after which he gives permission to perform it; the switcher performs the operation. When switching is performed by one person on duty, the content of the upcoming operation is read out according to the switching form, and then it is performed; d) immediately after performing individual operations or verification actions, notes are made in the switching form about their implementation in order to exclude the possibility of skipping any operation; e) before the beginning and after the end of the switching operations, the switching form shall indicate the date and time of the beginning and end of the operations. The used form is crossed out and placed in the folder of used switching forms. It is not allowed to change the sequence of switching established in the form. If there are doubts about the correctness of the operations being carried out, the switching stops, the sequence of operations is checked according to the operational scheme or layout scheme; if necessary, an appropriate explanation is obtained from the operational manager who gave the order to switch. 2.3.6. During switching, conversations that are not directly related to the task being performed are not allowed; undesirable and breaks in switching, if not necessary. It is not allowed during switching operations to divert operational personnel to other issues or work that are not included in the scope of operations performed. If during the switching there was a forced break (for example, due to the elimination of technological violations), then interrupted switching is started only after checking the compliance of the switching form with the new state of the circuit. This checks the execution of the last operation marked in the switching form. If a discrepancy is found in the scheme, a new switching form is drawn up. 2.3.7. At the end of the switching, an entry is made in the operational log about all operations with switching devices, changes in the relay protection and protection circuits, about turning on (turning off) grounding knives, applying (removing) portable grounding, indicating their numbers and locations. The procedure for accounting, applying and removing grounding is indicated in Appendix. 1. When carrying out operations according to the switching form, the number of the switching form according to which the operations were carried out is indicated in the operational log, indicating the installed (removed) grounding, and a record is made of a change in the primary electrical installation circuit. In the switching forms and entries in the operational log, the use of abbreviated names of equipment is allowed in accordance with the instructions of the power company. All changes in the wiring diagrams of electrical installations and in the circuits of RPA devices made during the production of switching, as well as the installation locations of grounding, are reflected in the operational diagram or mnemonic diagram (layout diagram) at the end of the switching. The procedure for maintaining an operational diagram and a layout diagram of electrical connections of power plants and substations is indicated in Appendix. 2. The dispatcher who gave the order to switch is informed about the end of the switching. 2.3.8. The instructions of the power company indicate the switching order, which excludes the appearance of resonance in the switchgear 110 - 500 kV and high levels of high-frequency switching overvoltages. It is not allowed to disconnect voltage transformers of the NKF series by disconnectors after the occurrence of a ferroresonant process, regardless of the type of drive (manual or remote-controlled). It is not allowed to perform planned switching by disconnectors of voltage transformers of 110 kV and above, which are under voltage, if there are valve-type arresters of the RVMG type, as well as the RVS type, connected to the tires or other connections of this switchgear, as well as the RVS type, which have significant deviations from the normative characteristics. 2.3.9. Planned switching is recommended to be carried out during the hours of the least loads. The start time of scheduled switching in each specific case is determined by the dispatcher in whose operational control and operational supervision this equipment is located. It is not allowed to perform scheduled switching during peak hours and during a thunderstorm or hurricane, as well as the beginning of switching half an hour before the end of the shift of operational and dispatching personnel. Before complex switching planned at night, it is recommended to inspect the equipment of open switchgear during the day (with a log entry). Switching can be carried out when the illumination at the workplace is sufficient to clearly determine the position of the switching devices and read the inscriptions on the equipment and switching devices. 2.4. Switching in relay protection and automation circuits 2. 4.1. Operational personnel get acquainted with the principles of operation of RPA, APCS, PA, ASDU devices used at this electrical installation, as well as with the purpose and location on the panels of fuses and circuit breakers, test blocks and circuit breakers, switching and disconnecting devices, with the help of which switching to relay diagrams. When switching in electrical installations, the operating personnel timely performs all necessary operations with relay protection devices in accordance with the requirements of the instructions of the power company. 2.4.2. Power electrical equipment and power lines can be energized or in automatic reserve only with relay protection turned on against all types of damage. When deactivating or malfunctioning certain types of protection, the relay protection devices remaining in operation provide full protection of electrical equipment, bus systems and power lines from all types of damage. If this condition is not met, then temporary fast protection is performed or backup protection acceleration is introduced, otherwise the connection is disabled. 2.4.3. In the presence of high-speed relay protections and breaker failure, all operations for switching on lines, busbars and equipment after repair or being without voltage, as well as for switching by disconnectors and air circuit breakers, are carried out with these protections put into operation. It is not allowed to disable the busbar differential protection when performing operations with live busbar disconnectors and air circuit breakers. Before starting operations with bus disconnectors, the serviceability of the busbar differential protection is checked (by measuring the unbalance current). With the busbar differential protection disabled, operations with busbar disconnectors and air circuit breakers 110 kV and higher (under voltage) are performed with the accelerations entered on the corresponding backup protections or with the temporary protections enabled. If for work in the differential protection circuits of busbars of nodal substations with a voltage of 110 kV and above, a short-term (up to 30 min) removal of this protection from operation is required, it is allowed not to turn on the acceleration of backup protections for the period before its return to operation, but at the same time, as a rule, no operations are performed within the coverage area of ​​this protection to open and close bus disconnectors and live air circuit breakers. At the time of carrying out operations with bus disconnectors and air circuit breakers, roll-out trolleys of switchgear, busbar auto-reclosing devices, ATS of sectional and bus-coupling circuit breakers are switched off. 2.4.4. When changing the fixation of connections on busbar systems, putting the circuit breaker into operation after the completion of its repair, as well as in other cases related to switching in a switchgear with a voltage of 330 kV and higher, operations in the current circuits of the busbar differential protection and breaker failure are performed by the personnel of the relay protection and automation service. It is allowed to carry out these operations by operational personnel, provided that all switching is carried out using test blocks and according to standard switching forms. Operations in the secondary circuits of current and voltage transformers, including test blocks, are carried out with the withdrawal of the corresponding RPA devices (or their individual stages), which, according to the principle of operation and setting parameters (settings), may work falsely in the process of performing these operations. 2.4.5. Before switching off the relay protection device acting on the start of the break-out, the start of the break-out by this protection is first disabled. The breaker start pad is switched to the "Enabled" position after switching on the protection that starts the breaker. 2.4.6. When bringing power transformers into repair, the personnel monitors the preservation of the “mode” of grounding by the neutral of a given electrical installation or section of networks. The instructions of the energy enterprises indicate the measures that are taken when the transformers are turned off or turned on. When transformers (autotransformers, shunt reactors) with a forced cooling system that do not have their own switches or are switched on according to the “one and a half”, “4/3” scheme with subsequent switching on of the switches are taken out for repair, measures are taken to prevent their shutdown after the cooling system of the output is turned off. transformer repair. 2.4.7. When performing operations with linear disconnectors of overhead power lines of 110 kV and higher or when they are transferred through a bypass switch for the duration of operations with linear disconnectors, as a rule, the line reclosure device is disabled from the opposite side. 2.4.8. For complex switching in RPA devices, persons from the relay personnel of the enterprise are involved. 2.5. Switching during elimination of technological disturbances 2.5.1. The elimination of technological violations in electrical installations is carried out in accordance with the instructions of the energy enterprises, drawn up on the basis of the instructions of the higher operational management body. In the event of a fire, the operational personnel act in accordance with the instructions of the energy enterprises and the operational fire extinguishing plan. 2.5.2. Switchovers during the elimination of accidents and technological disturbances (incidents) are carried out in the same order and sequence as set forth in this Instruction and instructions of power enterprises. At the same time, deviations from the requirements of safety rules are not allowed. 2.5.3. When inspecting the RPA and alarm panels, all the triggered indicator relays are noted (with chalk or in another way) and the past signals about the operation of the devices, record which RPA devices have worked. Before turning on the equipment again, the signals are acknowledged, the flags of the indicating relays are raised. It is not allowed to restart the switched off equipment without acknowledgment of the indicator relays. If it is impossible to acknowledge the signals, in the absence of actual signs of operation of the RPA devices and the conditions for their operation, the decision on the possibility of switching on the disconnected equipment is made by the operational manager who manages the disconnected equipment. Operational personnel take readings of devices of WMD, self-recording devices, make an initial assessment of the correctness of the actions of relay protection devices. 2.5.4. When eliminating technological disturbances or in order to prevent them, it is allowed to make switching without the use of switching forms, followed by an entry in the operational log after the elimination of a technological violation. 2.5.5. When eliminating technological violations in the event of a malfunction of the operational blocking devices, failure of switches or other switching devices to turn off (turn on), the operating personnel may be given permission to independently release the indicated blocking devices after a thorough check of the circuit and the correctness of the previous operations. Permission to release in these cases is given by the operational manager in the change of enterprise (power plant, electric network). 2.5.6. When eliminating technological disturbances in the absence of communication with the dispatcher, the operational personnel independently perform operations with switching devices and relay protection devices in the cases provided for by the instructions of energy enterprises for the elimination of technological violations. He reports the operations performed to the dispatcher, in whose operational control or operational jurisdiction these devices and devices are located, as soon as communication is restored. 2.6. Switching when commissioning new equipment and testing 2.6.1. Switching on voltage and operation of newly commissioned electrical installations and equipment, as well as special tests of equipment are carried out according to programs agreed with the relevant production services and approved by the head of the AO-energo or enterprise, depending on the method of dispatching control of the equipment. The programs are drawn up in accordance with the regulation on the procedure for the development, coordination and approval of test programs for thermal, hydraulic and nuclear power plants, power systems, thermal and electrical networks. 2.6.2. Switching in electrical installations associated with the inclusion of newly introduced equipment or special tests are carried out according to switching forms drawn up in accordance with approved programs, under the guidance of the operational manager of the enterprise or power system, depending on the nature of the tests. If special tests are carried out for two or more shifts, it is recommended to draw up the switching forms in advance - before the start of the tests. 3. PERFORMING SWITCHING 3.1. Carrying out operations with switches, disconnectors, separators and load switches 3.1.1. Disconnection and inclusion under voltage and into operation of the connection, which has a switch in its circuit, is carried out by a switch and, as a rule, remotely. In this case, the control key (button) of the circuit breaker is held in the "Disable" or "Enable" position until the alarm is triggered, indicating the end of the operation (the corresponding signal lamp lights up, the signal lamp in the control key stops flashing, etc.). In case of refusal to open the circuit breaker by remote control, it is not allowed to open it by acting on the local control button, the drive latch or the core of the opening solenoid (in order to avoid an accident). To bring the circuit breaker into repair, in this case, the corresponding section or section of the electrical installation is de-energized. Turning off such a switch in place is permissible only if absolutely necessary, for example, to relieve stress from the victim, if there are no other options. The inclusion of oil circuit breakers 6 - 10 kV in switchgears that do not have a solid protective wall is carried out remotely or using remote panels. In switchgears with protection of personnel from the explosion of the circuit breaker, manual opening of the circuit breaker with a remote drive is performed by acting on the latch of the drive or the core of the tripping electromagnet. The oil switch is switched on by a manual drive quickly, when the control lever (handwheel) is turned all the way, but without significant effort at the end of the control lever stroke. On circuit breakers with load and spring drives, measures are taken to prevent erroneous or spontaneous closing of the circuit breaker (the operating current is removed from the circuit breaker drive; the drive winding pad and the reclosure pad are switched to the neutral position; closing springs are brought to the non-working position by performing the operations "disable - enable - disable "). 3.1.2. Switching on and off of air circuit breakers of all types and voltage classes is carried out remotely from the control panel. Disabling and enabling air circuit breakers during repair work is carried out remotely from the control panel or from the remote control of the mobile repair shop after the personnel have been removed to a safe distance or shelter. 3.1.3. At the moment the circuit breaker is turned on, the readings of ammeters and wattmeters of the connected connection are monitored. In the event of a current or power surge indicating the presence of a short circuit or an asynchronous closing, as a result of which an asynchronous mode has appeared, the circuit breaker opens without waiting for it to be tripped by the action of the relay protection. 3.1.4. To turn the circuit breaker on or off with the help of a telemechanics device, the key-symbol of the circuit breaker is set to the “Mismatch” position, while the key signature lamp lights up and flashes. By turning the general key for selecting the operation, a command is sent to the TR. Operation TU continues 5 - 7 s after sending the executive pulse. The operation of switching the switch is considered completed after the receipt of the notification information transmitted in the opposite direction by the TS device, while the signal lamp of the key signature goes out. If the TC operation is unsuccessful (the signal to switch the switch was not received, and the TC device came to the ready state), a request is made, after which the TC operation is repeated. At the same time, the operation of the TC of only one circuit breaker is performed. Each subsequent operation is performed after the end of the previous one. Before performing the TS operation, all switch position signals and alarm signals are acknowledged if they were received as a result of a technological disturbance at the electrical installation. If there are unacknowledged switches position signals, the TC command will not be successful. The switching devices of a telemechanized substation are transferred to "local control" before switching by personnel directly at the substation itself. 3.1.5. When performing operations with disconnectors on the connection disconnected by the circuit breaker, the operating current is removed from the drive of this circuit breaker, and measures are taken to prevent spontaneous closing of the circuit breaker. A poster “Do not turn on - people are working” is hung on the control key of the disconnected switch. Disconnectors may only be operated on if they are free of defects and damage. Before carrying out operations with 110 - 220 kV disconnectors, they are carefully examined, including with the use of binoculars. It is not allowed to perform operations with disconnectors, the insulators of which have defects in the form of cracks or scratches on porcelain with a depth of more than 0.5 mm, as well as chips with a depth of more than 1 mm. It is not allowed to perform switching by 110 - 220 kV disconnectors using non-inventory (extended) manual drives. All operations with disconnectors are carried out with high-speed relay protections and breakers put into operation. It is not recommended to perform operations with busbar disconnectors of live connections, if during the process of switching according to the form or the switching program these operations can be performed when the busbar disconnectors are de-energized by opening the corresponding switch. It is not allowed for unauthorized persons (including maintenance personnel) to stay in the danger zone at the time of switching. 3.1.6. The closing of the disconnectors is carried out quickly and decisively, but without impact at the end of the stroke. The closing operation that has been started continues to the end in any case, even if an arc appears between the contacts. The disconnectors are opened slowly and carefully. First, you need to make a small movement with the drive lever to make sure that there are no swings and breakage of the insulators. If an arc occurs when the contacts diverge between them, the disconnector returns to the on position and operations with it are not performed until the cause of the arc is found out. Looking at the electric arc is not recommended. The exception is operations to disconnect the magnetizing current of power transformers, the charging current of overhead and cable lines by disconnectors (separators). The opening of the disconnectors in these cases is carried out quickly to ensure that the arc is extinguished. In this case, the performer of the operation is located under a protective visor to protect against the effects of an electric arc. Operational personnel before and after carrying out the operation with the disconnectors make sure that the rods of the locking locks of the electromagnetic interlock of the disconnectors are fixed in the opening of the drive shaft. 3.1.7. Operations for opening single-pole disconnectors with the help of operational rods are performed in the order that provides the greatest safety for personnel. In any arrangement of disconnectors, the middle phase disconnector is always switched off first. For disconnectors of a horizontally rotary type, the second disconnector is disconnected, the knives of which diverge to the outside. The disconnector is switched off last, the knives of which diverge into the inside of the three-phase group of disconnectors. With a vertical arrangement of the disconnectors (one above the other), the second disconnector is the upper disconnector, the third is the lower disconnector. Operations for closing single-pole disconnectors are performed in the reverse order. 3.1.8. Disconnectors are allowed to perform the following operations: a) switching on and off the charging current of the busbar and equipment of all voltage classes (except for the current of power capacitor banks). Charging current is called in this case a transient and alternating steady current through capacities of all types; b) switching on and off voltage transformers, neutrals of power transformers and arcing reactors with a rated voltage of up to 35 kV inclusive in the absence of a phase-to-earth fault or resonance in the network; c) switching on and off voltage transformers of electromagnetic type with a rated voltage of 110 kV and above; d) shunting and unshunting of switched-on circuit breakers (from the drives of which the operational current is removed) together with the busbar adjacent to them. 3.1.9. In ring networks of 6 - 10 kV, it is allowed to switch off circulating currents up to 70 A by disconnectors and close the network into a ring with a disconnector at a voltage difference at the time of operation at substations supplying the sides of this disconnector, not more than 5%. It is allowed to open and close by three-pole disconnectors of outdoor installation at a voltage of 10 kV and below the load current up to 15 A. Remote disconnection of a faulty switch of 220 kV and above, shunted by one switch or a chain of several switches of other connections of the busbar system (quadrangular, one-and-a-half, etc.) .p.), if opening the circuit breaker can lead to its destruction or blackout of the substation. 3.1.10. Permissible values ​​of currents switched off and on by disconnectors are determined on the basis of regulatory documents. The procedure and conditions for performing operations by disconnectors for specific electrical installations and types of electrical equipment are indicated in the instructions of energy enterprises. Disconnectors and separators for outdoor and indoor installations for switching off and on the charging currents of overhead and cable lines, as well as ground fault currents in distribution networks with a voltage of 6 - 35 kV, are used depending on the voltage, installation method and distances between the axes of the poles. 3.1.11. Operations with disconnectors in circuits containing switches with spring and cargo drives are carried out after taking measures to prevent their erroneous switching on. 3.1. 12. When performing operations with disconnectors and separators of unloaded transformers (autotransformers), power lines, busbars and connections, the following is observed: is carried out remotely by separators, and switching on is carried out by disconnectors with previously switched on separators. Before turning off the magnetizing current of the transformer, it is recommended to set its on-load tap-changer to the position corresponding to the rated voltage. The switch of the booster transformer (series control transformer) is recommended to be set to the position corresponding to the zero value of the booster EMF; b) opening and closing of magnetizing currents of power transformers 110 - 220 kV, having incomplete neutral insulation and operating with a grounded neutral, regardless of the presence of protection by a spark gap, are performed after preliminary grounding of their neutral with a neutral disconnector or through a current-limiting reactor (or resistor); c) disconnection and activation of unloaded transformers, to the neutral of which the arc-suppression reactor is connected, in order to avoid the occurrence of overvoltages, are performed after the arc-suppression reactor is disconnected; d) phase-by-phase disconnection of an unloaded transformer is carried out in the manner specified in clause 3.1.7 of this Instruction; e) before turning on the neutral disconnector of 110 kV and above, the absence of voltage at the neutral terminal of the transformer is checked (with a voltage indicator of the corresponding class). In open-phase mode (phase failure), the grounding knife of the transformer is not allowed to be turned on. 3.1.13. For electrical installations where separators and disconnectors 35 - 220 kV with blower attachments are used, the instructions of power enterprises indicate the operations performed using these devices. The operation of switching on separators or disconnectors with air attachments is carried out without blowing as a normal operation of switching on separators and disconnectors. The operations of disconnecting disconnectors or separators with air attachments are performed in the following sequence: a) the load on the connection is checked, which should not exceed the maximum allowable for disconnection by the device (checked by an ammeter); b) pressure is created in the reservoir corresponding to the operating pressure of the apparatus; c) put on rubber (dielectric) gloves, boots; personnel is located under a protective visor; d) a shutdown operation is performed. 3.1.14. In order to avoid equipment failures (damage to the porcelain insulation of disconnectors, separators, air circuit breakers, etc.), it is not recommended to perform scheduled switching in electrical installations at low ambient temperatures, as well as during sharp fluctuations in ambient air temperature (more than 15 ° C) with the transition through 0 °С. The minimum negative air temperature at which it is possible to perform planned switching in electrical installations located in a particular climatic zone is indicated in the instructions of the power company. 3.1.15. Load break switches of a conventional design of the VN and VNP series are allowed to perform operations of switching on and off load currents and circulating currents, the value of which does not exceed the rated current of the device. 3.1.16. Turning on the load break switch by manual drive is done by quickly moving the drive handle from bottom to top until it stops. 3.1.17. Disconnection of the load break switch by manual drive is done by pressing the latch of the drive handle and pulling the handle down to the stop. At the same time, the speed of movement of working knives is not less than 3 - 4 m/s. The movement of the working knives at the end of the stroke is smooth, without hard impacts. Before disconnecting the load switch, the value of the current in the disconnected circuit is checked, which does not exceed the rated current of the device. In the absence of a measuring device in the electrical circuit, the maximum possible value of the current in the circuit is measured in advance; the instructions of the power company indicate that this current value cannot exceed the rated current of the device. 3.1.18. It is not allowed to apply voltage to lines, transformers and buses that have been switched off by the action of relay protection devices using a load switch of the VN series without inspecting the equipment and eliminating the damage. 3.1.19. During operations with switching devices, the operational personnel is located in a safe area, determined taking into account local conditions, design features of the equipment, or at the direction of the person supervising the switching. 3.2. Removal of operating current from the drives of switching devices 3.2.1. Operations with switching devices having remote control are carried out in the absence of a ground fault in the operating current circuits. If there is a ground fault in the operating current circuits, scheduled operations with switches are not allowed during the search and elimination of a ground fault. Operations with connection switches in the presence of a ground fault in the control current circuits are allowed only in emergency situations. If in an emergency it becomes necessary to perform operations with disconnectors, the operating current is removed from the drives of the disconnected switches of the corresponding connections by disconnecting the circuit breakers (or fuses) at both poles of the control circuits. 3.2.2. Removal of operational current from the drives of switching devices (disconnectors, separators, load switches) is carried out in cases provided for by safety rules. 3.2.3. To transfer connections from one bus system to another using a bus connection switch, before carrying out operations with bus disconnectors, the operating current is removed from the drive and protections of the switched bus connection switch. The operating current is removed by automatic switches (or fuses) on both poles of the control and protection circuits (if there are separate automatic switches or fuses to power the operational protection circuits of the bus coupling switch, these circuit breakers are also switched off or the fuses are removed) until the position of the bus coupling switch is checked at the place of its installation. 3.2.4. The operating current is removed from the disconnector drives with remote control, if during the switching process it is necessary to firmly fix these disconnectors in the on position. It is also recommended to turn off the AC circuits of the drives of these disconnectors. 3.2.5. Before applying voltage to the line by switching on the disconnectors (separators) from the side of the substation, made according to a simplified scheme, from the other end of this line (where there is a switch), the operating current is removed from the drive of the disconnected switch for this time. 3.2.6. Before performing operations with disconnectors on the connection disconnected by the circuit breaker, the operating current is removed from the drive of this circuit breaker and measures are taken to prevent arbitrary switching on of the circuit breaker. 3.2.7. The need to remove the operating current from the drive of the closed circuit breaker before performing the operation of shunting or deshunting by the disconnectors of this circuit breaker is determined by the instructions of the power company's instructions. 3.2.8. For the duration of the phasing of the connection by an indirect method (at the terminals of the secondary windings of voltage transformers), before voltage is applied through the phased circuit, the operating current is removed from the drive of the disconnected circuit breaker that separates the voltage sources. 3.3. Checking the positions of switching devices 3.3.1. Switching off and on of the disconnectors of the connection, which has a switch in its circuit, is carried out after checking the disconnected position of the switch at the place of its installation. 3.3.2. At substations with simplified circuits, before performing operations with disconnectors or separators on the high voltage side of the transformer, the disconnected position of the transformer circuit breakers on the medium and low voltage sides is checked at the installation site of the switches. 3.3.3. In draw-out switchgear, the switch carriage is moved from the operating to the control position, and vice versa, after checking the open position of the switch. 3.3.4. Checking the position of the circuit breaker at the installation site is carried out phase by phase: according to the mechanical indicator on the circuit breaker; according to the position of the working contacts for switches with a visible break in the current circuit; according to the readings of pressure gauges at the air circuit breakers. 3.3.5. Checking the positions of the switches by the signal lamps of the control keys and the readings of measuring instruments (ammeters, voltmeters) is allowed: when the connection is disconnected only by the switch (without subsequent operations with disconnectors); when disconnecting the connection with a switch and carrying out operations with disconnectors using a remote drive; when the connection under load is switched on; when applying and removing voltage from the tires. 3.3.6. After each closing or opening operation of disconnectors, separators, load break switches, as well as stationary earthing switches, their actual position is checked visually. In this case, each phase of the switching device and grounding knives are checked separately, regardless of the actual position of the devices of other phases (the position of other grounding knives) and the presence of mechanical connections between them. 3.4. Actions with operational blocking 3.4.1. Operational blocking is considered as an additional means that prevents erroneous operations with switching devices and grounding knives during all switching in electrical installations. The interlocking of disconnectors with a circuit breaker is intended to prevent erroneous opening and closing operations of disconnectors under load when the circuit breaker is in the closed position. The blocking of the grounding knives is intended to prevent the following erroneous operations: switching on the grounding knives to busbars and live connections; switching on disconnectors under voltage on sections, busbar systems, connection sections, grounded with grounding knives; voltage supply by the switch to the sections of tires grounded with the help of grounding knives; excitation of the generator when the grounding knives are on. 3.4.2. For busbar disconnectors and earthing switches of busbars, full operational blocking is performed, which prevents the switching on of earthing switches to busbars when the busbar disconnectors (at least one busbar disconnector) are switched on and the switching on of any of the busbar disconnectors when the earthing switches of the busbars are switched on. In electrical installations where blocking is not carried out in full (earthing switches of busbars are interlocked only with voltage transformer disconnectors and do not have blocking devices with busbar disconnectors of all connections of this busbar system), drives of earthing switches of busbars are locked with padlocks, the keys to which are located operating personnel servicing the electrical installation. In this case, when the busbar system is taken out for repair, the inclusion of grounding knives on the busbars, as well as operations with busbar disconnectors of the connections taken out for repair, are performed only after a thorough check of the wiring diagram in kind. 3.4.3. For line disconnectors, the drives of the grounding knives towards the line have only a mechanical interlock with the drive of the main knives, which does not exclude the possibility of supplying voltage to the switched-on grounding knives from the opposite side of the line. To prevent erroneous actions of the operating personnel of the power enterprise, the operational manager, coordinating the execution of operations on both sides of the line, informs the operating personnel about the position of the main and grounding knives of the line disconnectors on the opposite side of the line each time before applying voltage to the line and before grounding it when taking it out for repair. 3.4.4. During switching in electrical installations, all interlock devices are in operation. Blocking locks that are in operation are sealed. 3.4.5. In the event that the blocking does not allow the execution of any operation, the switching is stopped and the following is checked: whether the connection and the switching device are correctly selected; the position of other switching devices, operations with which precede the operation being performed; the presence of voltage in the blocking circuits and the serviceability of the electromagnetic key; serviceability (checked visually) of the mechanical part of the drive of the switching device. If such a check does not establish the reason why the blocking does not allow the operation to be performed, this is reported to the operational manager who gave the switch order. 3.4.6. The operational and dispatching personnel directly performing the switching are not allowed to disable the safety interlocks without permission. Unblocking is allowed only after checking on site the disconnected position of the circuit breaker and finding out the reason for blocking failure by permission and under the guidance of persons authorized to do so by a written instruction for the power facility. In this case, the release transactions are entered in the changeover form. If there is a need for release, and the operations were performed without a switching form, a switching form is drawn up with the inclusion of release operations into it. In emergency situations, permission to release is given by the operational manager in the change of enterprise (power plant, electrical network). 3.4.7. In electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V, it is allowed to use an unlocking key to open the doors of mesh enclosures of cells when working with current clamps, phasing equipment by a direct method and determining the degree of heating of contacts using insulating rods. These works are carried out in accordance with the requirements of safety rules. To unlock the doors of mesh fences, permission is issued by the operational manager. 3.4.8. All cases of release of blocking devices are recorded in the operational log. 3.5. The sequence of operations with switching devices of line connections, transformers, synchronous compensators and generators 3.5.1. Operations with switching devices are performed in a sequence determined by the purpose of these devices and compliance with safety conditions for persons performing switching. The instructions of the power companies also indicate the verification actions that are performed by personnel in the process of switching. The following is a sequence of operations with switching devices when switching in electrical installations, performed mainly according to standard design solutions. In all other cases, the sequence of operations is determined by the instructions of the energy companies. 3.5.2. The sequence of typical operations with switching devices when turning on and off the connections of overhead and cable lines: Turning on (Fig. 1): a) the off position of the switch is checked; b) the bus disconnector is switched on; c) the line disconnector is switched on; d) the switch is turned on. Shutdown: a) the circuit breaker is turned off; b) the line disconnector is switched off; c) the bus disconnector is switched off. Rice. 1. Connection of the 10 kV line: 1 - bus disconnector; 2 - linear disconnector; 3 - switch 3.5.3. The sequence of operations in the switchgear with withdrawable elements when switching on the connections of overhead and cable lines: Switching on: a) it is checked whether the circuit breaker is open; b) the trolley of the switch is moved from the control to the working position; c) the switch is turned on. Shutdown: a) the circuit breaker is turned off; b) it is checked whether the circuit breaker is open; c) the trolley with the circuit breaker is moved to the control or repair position. Note. When the lines are switched off for work outside the switchgear (on the line), the trolley with the switch, as a rule, rolls out of the cabinet (repair position). If there is a blockage between the grounding knives and the trolley with the switch, it is allowed to set the trolley to the control position after switching on the grounding sheaths on the line. In the absence of blocking, and also if the switchgear cabinets are not equipped with stationary grounding knives, it is allowed to install the trolley in an intermediate position between the control and repair position with locking it in this position. 3.5.4. The sequence of operations when turning on and off a three-winding transformer (autotransformer): Switching on: a) busbar and high voltage transformer disconnectors are switched on; b) medium voltage busbar and transformer disconnectors are switched on; c) low voltage busbar and transformer disconnectors are switched on; d) the switches are switched on from the side of the higher, medium and lower voltages of the transformer. For some types of autotransformers that have insufficient dynamic stability in case of short circuit on the high voltage side, the following sequence of switching on their switches is recommended: medium, low, and then high voltage switches are switched on. Disconnection: a) switches are disconnected from the side of the lower, medium and higher voltages of the transformer; b) low voltage transformer and busbar disconnectors are switched off; c) medium voltage transformer and bus disconnectors are switched off; d) high voltage transformer and bus disconnectors are switched off. 3.5.5. When an unloaded transformer with incomplete insulation of the neutral of the 110 kV winding is turned on or off by an air circuit breaker, the neutral is first grounded if it has been grounded, regardless of whether it is protected by a surge arrester or surge arrester. 3.5.6. At power plants, the sequence of switching on and off transformers (autotransformers) for communication with the power system depends on local conditions and must be carried out in accordance with the instructions of the power company. 3.5.7. The sequence of operations and actions of the personnel when turning on and off the transformer T1 at a two-transformer substation, made according to a simplified scheme: Turning on the transformer T1 (Fig. 2): a) the ARCT of the transformer T1 is switched to remote control; b) the tap changer of transformer T1 is remotely transferred to the position corresponding to the mode of its nominal excitation; c) the off position of switch B1 is checked; d) switch trolley B1 moves to the control position; the plug connectors of the secondary switching circuits are connected; e) it is checked whether the disconnector of the arc extinguishing reactor DGR1 is disconnected; f) it is checked whether the short circuiter KZ1 is disconnected; g) the disconnector is switched on in the neutral of the transformer T1; h) OD1 separator is switched on; i) the full-phase inclusion of the transformer T1 under voltage is checked; the earthing switch in its neutral is switched off; j) ARCT of the operating transformer T2 is switched from automatic to remote control; k) the OLTC of transformer T1 is remotely transferred to a position identical with the position of the OLTC of transformer T2; l) the trolley with the disconnected switch B1 of the transformer T1 is moved to the working position; m) switch B1 and its APVT are switched on; o) the sectional switch CB is turned off; ATS SV is switched on; o) switching of ARCT of transformers Т1 and Т2 from remote control to automatic control; p) the normal power supply circuit of the auxiliary load is restored at a voltage of 0.4 kV; c) the disconnector of the arc extinguishing reactor DGR1 (configured for operation in the normal capacitive current compensation mode) is switched on; r) the disconnector of the arc extinguishing reactor DGR2 is turned off, the DGR2 is configured to operate in the normal capacitive current compensation mode, the disconnector of the arc extinguishing reactor DGR2 is turned on. Rice. Fig. 2. Section of the 110 kV network with a two-transformer substation, made according to a simplified scheme. Switching off the transformer T1: a) the power supply of the auxiliary load is transferred from the transformer TSN1 to the transformer TSN2; when the AB1 circuit breaker is turned off, the 0.4 kV knife switch is turned off in the direction of the TSN1 transformer; b) the disconnector of the arc extinguishing reactor DGR2 is switched off, the DGR2 is adjusted to compensate for the capacitive current of the connections of the 1st and 2nd sections, the disconnector of the arc extinguishing reactor DGR2 is switched on; c) the disconnector of the arc extinguishing reactor DGR1 is switched off; d) ARCT of transformers T1 and T2 are switched from automatic to remote control; e) OLTC of transformer T1 is remotely transferred to a position identical with the position of OLTC of transformer T2; f) ATS of the sectional switch is switched off; CB turns on; g) APVT and switch B1 of transformer T1 are turned off; h) ARCT of the operating transformer T2 is switched from remote to automatic control; i) the tap changer of transformer T1 is remotely transferred to the position corresponding to the mode of its nominal excitation; j) the trolley with the disconnected switch B1 is moved to the control or repair position, depending on the nature of the planned work; l) the grounding switch is turned on in the neutral of the transformer T1; l) the separator OD1 is switched off in the circuit of the transformer T1. 3.5.8. The sequence of operations and actions of personnel when switching off and on the transformer T1 at a branch two-transformer substation, made according to a simplified scheme and connected to two passing parallel lines with two-sided power supply: Shutdown of the transformer T1 (Fig. 3): needs from transformer TSN1 to transformer TSN2; b) the disconnector of the arc extinguishing reactor DGR2 is switched off, the DGR2 is adjusted to compensate for the capacitive current of the connections of the 1st and 2nd sections, the disconnector of the arc extinguishing reactor DGR2 is switched on; c) the disconnector of the arc extinguishing reactor DGR1 is switched off; d) ARCT of transformers T1 and T2 are switched from automatic to remote control; e) OLTC of transformer T1 is remotely transferred to a position identical with the position of OLTC of transformer T2; f) ATS of the sectional switch is switched off; CB turns on; Rice. 3. Section of the network 110 - 220 kV with a simplified two-transformer substation, powered by two passing parallel lines with two-sided power supply g) APVT and switch B1 of transformer T1 are turned off; h) the ARCT of the transformer T2 remaining in operation is switched from remote to automatic control; i) the trolley with the disconnected switch B1 is moved to the repair or control position, depending on the nature of the planned work; j) the earthing switch is switched on in the neutral of the transformer T1; l) switches off at supply substations A and B using remote control devices (or remotely manually) switches on both sides of line L1 (in this case, voltage is removed from line L1 and at the same time the magnetizing current of transformer T1 at substation C is turned off); m) is disconnected at substation B, separator OD1 of transformer T1; m) are switched on at substations A and B using telemechanics devices (or remotely manually) line switches L1. Turning on the transformer T1: a) the trolley with the disconnected switch B1 is moved to the working position, the plug connectors of the secondary switching circuits are connected; b) it is checked whether the disconnector of the arc extinguishing reactor DGR1 is disconnected; c) it is checked whether the short circuiter KZ1 is disconnected; d) the disconnector is switched on in the neutral of the transformer T1; e) are switched off at the supply substations A and B using telemechanics devices (or remotely manually) switches on both sides of the L1 line; f) is switched on at the substation B by the separator OD1 of the transformer T1; g) are switched on at the supply substations A and B using telemechanics devices (or remotely manually) line switches L1; h) is disconnected at substation B by the disconnector in the neutral of transformer T1 (if it was turned on); i) switch ARCT of transformers T1 and T2 to remote control; j) the OLTC of transformer T1 is remotely transferred to a position identical with the position of the OLTC of transformer T2; k) switch B1 and its APVT are switched on; l) the CB is turned off and the ATS of the CB is turned on; m) switching of ARCT of transformers T1 and T2 from remote control to automatic control; o) the normal power supply circuit of the auxiliary load with a voltage of 0.4 kV is restored; o) the disconnector of the arc extinguishing reactor DGR1, configured for operation in the normal capacitive current compensation mode, is switched on; p) the disconnector of the arc extinguishing reactor DGR2 is turned off, the DGR2 is configured to operate in the normal capacitive current compensation mode, the disconnector of the arc extinguishing reactor DGR2 is turned on. Note. In both cases of opening and closing the transformer at the branch substation, operations with transverse differential protection of parallel lines and automatic devices at the branch substation are carried out in accordance with the requirements of the instructions of the power companies. 3.5.9. When automatically starting a synchronous compensator of the KSV series with machine excitation, after preparing the water, oil and gas systems of the compensator for normal operation, the following sequence of operations and personnel actions is observed: a) the off position of the automation equipment is checked to start the compensator; b) the off position of the starting switch is checked and its disconnectors are turned on; c) the position of the operating switch is checked and the bus disconnectors of the compensator are switched on; d) the voltage transformers of the compensator are switched on; e) the trolley of the exciter motor switch is installed in the working position; f) the exciter shunt regulator is set to the idle position; g) operating current is supplied to the control automation circuits; the automatic start key sends an impulse to turn on the compensator; h) the sequence of start-up operations is controlled by signaling devices and instruments: turning on the excitation unit, lubrication and water cooling system, starting switch, field extinguishing machine, turning on the operating switch after reducing the starting current and turning off the starting switch; i) the ARV and the excitation forcing device are switched on if they were switched off according to the principle of operation; j) the load is gaining (the rate of increase of the stator and rotor currents is not limited in this case). 3.5.10. When stopping the synchronous compensator, the following sequence of operations and actions of the personnel is observed: a) the load of the compensator is completely removed; b) ARV and excitation forcing device are switched off, if it is necessary according to the principle of their operation; c) an impulse is given to turn off the compensator with the automatic control key; d) shutdowns of the working switch, the switch of the exciter engine and the AGP are controlled; e) the operating current is removed from the automatic control circuits of the compensator, if the latter is supposed to be taken out for repair; f) the off position of the starting switch is checked and its disconnectors are turned off; g) the disconnected position of the operating switch is checked and the busbar disconnectors of the compensator are switched off; h) the disconnected position of the exciter motor circuit breaker is checked and the circuit breaker trolley is rolled out of the switchgear cabinet. 3.5.11. When the generator is connected to the network by the method of precise synchronization, when the generator speed is close to the nominal one, the following sequence of operations and actions of the personnel is observed: b) the disconnectors and circuit breakers are switched on (fuses are installed) of the generator voltage transformers; c) the synchronization column and blocking from non-synchronous inclusions are turned on; d) it is checked whether the shunt excitation rheostat is fully inserted. The field extinguishing machine is turned on, the generator is excited to a voltage equal to the voltage on the tires. Note. In the presence of thyristor, high-frequency or other excitation circuits, generator synchronization operations are performed in accordance with the requirements of the enterprise's instructions; e) achieve by influencing the MUT key so that the frequency of the generator exceeds the frequency of the electrical network of the power system by the value of the slip, controlled by the operator by the arrow of the frequency meter. An impulse to turn on the generator breaker is given when the frequencies, voltages and phase coincidence of the voltage vectors of the turned on generator and the electrical network of the power system are given ahead of time, taking into account the time the switch is turned on. It is not allowed to give a second impulse to turn on the circuit breaker if the generator did not turn on when the first impulse was given to turn it on. Excitation is removed from the generator, and the circuit breaker is taken out for repair. After the cause of the failure in operation has been eliminated, the circuit breaker is tested for switching on and off. 3.5.12. The generator is connected to the network using the self-synchronization method in accordance with the instructions of the enterprise. 3.5.13. When a turbogenerator is disconnected from the network, which operates with a turbine with industrial steam extraction, to prevent the acceleration of the turbine after the generator is unloaded by active and reactive loads, an order is given to close the valves and the main steam valves of the turbine. Only after making sure that the steam supply to the turbine has completely stopped, the generator switch is turned off. Then its full-phase shutdown is checked, and the AGP is turned off. AGP with deionic gratings is taken into account (AGP1 and similar ones, according to the principle of operation, are not able to turn off currents less than 10% of the rated current of the machine). 3.5.14. In the event of an open-phase disconnection of the generator circuit breaker (non-disconnection of two phases), de-excitation of the generator is not allowed; AGP can be disabled only after the elimination of open-phase mode. The instructions of power enterprises indicate the sequence of actions of personnel to eliminate open-phase modes. 3.5.15. When the turbogenerator-transformer unit is disconnected from the network without a generator switch, the following sequence of operations and actions of the personnel is observed: b) the power supply of the auxiliary bus section of the power unit is transferred to a backup source; the switches of the working transformer of the auxiliary needs of the unit are turned off; c) the turbogenerator is completely unloaded in terms of active and reactive loads; d) an order is given to stop the supply of steam to the turbine; the complete cessation of steam access to the turbine is checked; e) the circuit breaker of the unit on the high voltage side is turned off; make sure of its full-phase shutdown; f) compliance of the current in the rotor circuit with the required value (according to the AGP breaking capacity) is checked; AGP is turned off; the exciter shunt regulator is fully inserted; g) disconnectors are switched off on the high voltage side of the block; h) the bus disconnector is disconnected (the trolleys of switches are rolled out in the switchgear cabinets) of the operating transformer of the unit's auxiliary needs; i) circuit breakers are turned off (fuses are removed) and disconnectors of generator voltage transformers. 3.5.16. All instructions for starting and stopping turbogenerators and hydrogenerators in the instructions of the power company are given with specific numerical values ​​of the mode parameters (in amperes, volts, etc.). ). 3.6. The sequence of operations when turning on and off power lines 3.6.1. When turning on and off power lines equipped with automatic reclosing devices (three-phase or single-phase), actions with the latter, depending on their scheme and design, are carried out in accordance with the instructions of the instructions of the power enterprises. Operations with automatic reclosure of lines are not considered in this Instruction. 3.6.2. When disconnecting overhead and cable lines of a dead-end power supply, the switch on the load side is switched off first, the second on the supply side. Switching on is carried out in the reverse order. 3.6.3. When disconnecting lines from power plants, the switch on the side of the power plant is usually turned off first, and the switch on the side of the power system is the second. Voltage is supplied to the line when it is turned on, as a rule, from the side of the power system. Rice. 4. Scheme of paired cable lines in different operational positions (line L1 is on, line L2 is off) 3.6.4. Turning on or off one of the two paired lines while the other is off (Fig. 4) is performed in the usual manner provided for turning on and off a single line. 3.6.5. The inclusion of one of the paired cable lines, for example L2, while the other (L1) is in operation, regardless of the location of the line disconnectors of each line (in a common cell, in separate chambers, in a cell separated by special partitions), is usually performed after the line is turned off, being in work. To do this: a) the switch B1 of the operating line L1 is turned off on the load side; b) the switch B3 of the paired lines on the supply side is turned off; c) line disconnectors are switched on on both sides of the switched line L2; d) the switch B3 of the paired lines on the supply side is turned on; e) switches B1 and B2 are switched on from the load side. 3.6.6. It is allowed to switch on or off one of the paired lines 6 - 10 kV by line disconnectors without disconnecting the switch from the supply side at the allowable charging current of the line and only if there is a remote control of the disconnector, and also in the case when the line is equipped with a load switch with remote control. 3.6.7. Disconnection of one of the two paired lines, when both lines are in operation, is carried out in the following sequence: a) the circuit breakers of both lines are switched off on the load side; b) the switch of paired lines on the supply side is turned off; c) line disconnectors are switched off on both sides of the disconnected line; d) the switch of paired lines on the supply side is turned on; e) the switch of the line remaining in operation on the load side is turned on. 3.6.8. The sequence of operations and actions of personnel when turning on and off the transit line that does not have switches at the intermediate substation: Turning on line L1 (see Fig. 2): At substation A: a) the line disconnector is turned on, and then the line switch L1 (line L1 is tested by voltage ); b) the presence of voltage is checked at all phases of the input line L1; c) the line switch L1 is turned off, its position is checked; the operating current is removed from the circuit breaker drive. In the case of control of the switches of substation A through the channels of technical specifications and the switching on of the line of one OVB, after testing the line with voltage, it is allowed not to remove the operating current from the drive of the disconnected switch. At substation B: a) make sure that there is no voltage at the input of line L1; b) the linear disconnector of line L1 is turned on - voltage is applied to line L1. This operation is carried out in the manner specified in clause 3.1.10 of this Instruction. At substation A, the operating current is supplied to the circuit breaker drive; line switch L1 is turned on. Line L1 disconnection: At substation A, the circuit breaker and line disconnector of line L1 are turned off. At substation B, the linear disconnector of line L1 is turned off. 3.6.9. The sequence of operations when switching on and off the transit line: Turning on line L1 (Fig. 5): At substation A: a) the grounding knives of the fork of bus disconnectors of line L1 are turned off; b) the grounding knives of line L1 are switched off. At substation B: a) the grounding knives of the fork of busbar disconnectors of line L1 are switched off; b) the grounding knives of line L1 are switched off; c) the bus disconnector of line L1 is switched on to the corresponding bus system; d) the linear disconnector of line L1 is turned on. Rice. 5. Transit line 110 kV in the off position At substation A: a) the line L1 bus disconnector is switched on to the corresponding bus system; b) the linear disconnector of line L1 is turned on; c) line switch L1 is turned on. At substation B, the line switch L1 is turned on. L1 line disconnection: At substation A, the line L1 circuit breaker is turned off. At substation B: a) line switch L1 is turned off; b) the linear disconnector of line L1 is turned off; c) the bus disconnector of line L1 is switched off. At substation A: a) the line disconnector of line L1 is turned off; b) make sure that there is no voltage at the input of line L1; c) the grounding switch is turned on towards line L1; d) the bus disconnector of line L1 is switched off; e) make sure that there is no voltage at the fork of the bus disconnectors of line L1; f) the earthing switch is turned on towards the line switch L1. At substation B: a) make sure that there is no voltage at the input of line L1; b) the grounding switch is turned on towards line L1; c) make sure that there is no voltage at the fork of the bus disconnectors of line L1; d) the earthing switch is turned on towards the line switch L1. 3.6.10. The procedure for switching on and off transit lines 110 - 220 kV and intersystem power lines 330 kV and above is established by the dispatch services of power systems, ODU (CDU) and is indicated in the instructions of energy enterprises of the corresponding level of dispatch control. The dispatcher, when turning on and off transit lines and intersystem power lines, is guided by the instructions of the energy enterprises and takes into account the actual state of the network diagram and the operating conditions of power plants at the moment, the reliability of power supply to individual substations and sections of the network in the event that they supply voltage to the line, the presence of high-speed protections on the line and other conditions. When switching on and off lines of intersystem power lines, as a rule, regime measures are first performed: regulation of power flows along the lines, switching off (or switching on) emergency automatic devices (unloading a power plant, automatically limiting line overload, etc.), as well as changing the settings for the operation of automatic devices . 4. SWITCHING DURING THE TRANSFER OF CONNECTIONS FROM ONE BUS SYSTEM TO ANOTHER 4.1. When transferring connections from one busbar system to another, the need and sequence of operations with busbar protection and redundancy devices in case of circuit breaker failure is determined by the instructions of the power companies. 4.2. When transferring connections from one bus system to another and it is necessary to check the synchronism of voltages in electrical installations where there are no synchronism control devices, the synchronism of the voltages of the bus systems and the transferred connections is confirmed by the dispatcher who orders the transfer. 4.3. The sequence of operations and actions of personnel when transferring all connections that are in operation from the working busbar system to the reserve one with the help of SHV is as follows: b) the settings on the SHV protections are checked (they must correspond to the settings specified in the instructions of the power company for the "Testing" mode) and the protections with the action to turn off the SHV are turned on; c) the SHCB is turned on and the presence of voltage on the backup bus system is checked; d) the operating current is removed from the drive and protections of the SHV; e) bus auto-reclosing is disabled (if it is provided); f) it is checked at the place of installation whether the MCCB is switched on; g) the bus disconnectors of all transferable connections to the redundant bus system are switched on; the switched position of the disconnectors is checked: h) the bus disconnectors of all transferable connections are disconnected from the released busbar system; the disconnected position of the disconnectors is checked; i) the power supply of the voltage circuits of protection, automation and measuring instruments is switched to the appropriate voltage transformer, if the power supply of the circuits is not switched automatically; j) operational current is supplied to the drive and protection of the SHV; k) make sure on the ammeter that there is no load on the SHV and turn off the SHV; l) make sure that there is no voltage on the released busbar system; m) bus autoreclosing is switched on. Notes: 1. Hereinafter, for open switchgear with a large number of connections, bus disconnectors of which have electric motor drives with remote control, it is allowed to transfer connections from one bus system to another one by one, for separate connections. After the translation, a visual check of the positions of the busbar disconnectors of the translated connections is carried out at the place of their installation. 2. The switching sequence when busbar systems are placed on standby in electrical installations with air circuit breakers and voltage transformers of the NKF series, where ferroresonance may occur, is indicated in the instructions of the power company. 4.4. Transfer of connections from one bus system to another without a bus connection switch is allowed provided that the backup bus system is not energized and all connections in operation are transferred to it. The sequence of operations and actions of personnel during the transfer of connections: a) the readiness of the backup busbar system for switching on under voltage is checked by external inspection; b) make sure that there is no voltage on the backup bus system; c) bus auto-reclosing is disabled (if it is provided); d) the bus disconnector of the connection, which is in operation and selected based on local conditions, is switched on to the backup bus system; e) the bus disconnectors of all other connections to the redundant bus system are switched on; the position of the disconnectors is checked; f) the power supply of protection voltage circuits, automation and measuring instruments is switched to the appropriate voltage transformer, if the power is not switched automatically; g) the bus disconnectors of all transferable connections are disconnected from the released busbar system and the position of the disconnectors is checked; h) make sure by panel voltmeters that there is no voltage on the released busbar system; i) bus AR is switched on. Note. Along with an external inspection, the backup busbar system, if necessary, is tested with voltage supplied from an adjacent substation along one of the lines, which is previously switched (with disconnection) to the tested busbar system. Immediately prior to testing the backup busbar system, the voltage is turned off by the DZSH or the current circuits of the current transformers of the line through which voltage will be supplied to the buses are removed from the DZSH circuit, and acceleration of the backup protections is introduced at the adjacent substation. 4.5. The sequence of operations and actions of personnel when transferring all connections that are in operation from one bus system to another using a bus connection switch in electrical installations with a fixed distribution of connections over bus systems: b) the breaker failure and tire protection are switched to the operating mode with violation of fixation; c) the operational current is removed from the drive and protections of the SHV; d) bus auto-reclosing is disabled (if it is provided); e) it is checked on site whether the MCCB is switched on; e) the bus disconnectors of all transferred connections are switched on to the bus system that remains in operation, and the position of the disconnectors is checked; g) bus disconnectors of all transferable connections are disconnected from the released bus system; the position of the disconnectors is checked; h) the power supply of the protection voltage circuits, automation and measuring instruments is switched to the voltage transformer of the busbar system that remains in operation if the power is not switched automatically; i) operating current is supplied to the drive and protection of the SHV; j) make sure on the ammeter that there is no load on the SHV, and turn it off; k) make sure by voltmeters that there is no voltage on the released busbar system. 4.6. The transfer of a part (two - three) of connections from one bus system to another in electrical installations with a fixed distribution of connections is allowed to be performed alternately, for separate connections. In this case, before each opening operation of the busbar disconnectors, it is checked whether the busbar disconnectors of the feeder are switched on to another busbar system. After performing the operation of closing or opening the bus disconnectors, their position is checked. 4.7. Switching of part of the feeders from one busbar system to another without a bus coupling switch in case of separate operation of the busbar systems is only possible with a preliminary switch-off of the feeders to be switched. When switching generators, they are synchronized. Voltage synchronism is checked when switching connections, on which, after their disconnection, non-synchronous voltages may appear. The sequence of operations and actions of personnel when switching a connection from one bus system to another without a bus connection switch: a) the admissibility of the mode that will be established after disconnecting the connection to switch it to another bus system is checked; b) the connection switch is turned off; c) bus autoreclosing is disabled; d) it is checked on site whether the switched connection switch is off; e) the bus disconnector of the switchable connection is switched off; the disconnected position of the disconnector is checked; f) the bus disconnector of the switchable connection is switched on to the bus system to which it is transferred; the switched position of the disconnector is checked; g) the necessary operations are performed with relay protection devices, automation, measuring instruments in accordance with the instructions of the energy company's instructions; h) synchronization is performed, if required, and the connection switch is turned on, the presence of the load is checked by the ammeter; i) if necessary, the busbar protection and breaker failure protection are disconnected and brought into line with the primary connection diagram, the busbar protection is checked by the load current and put into operation, the busbar breaker failure and automatic reclosure are switched on. 4.8. The sequence of operations and actions of personnel when transferring part or all of the connections from one bus system to another without a bus connection switch in electrical installations, where some of the connections have two switches per circuit (Fig. 6) and there is a connection with remote control of bus disconnectors 1: 1 Connection, the busbar disconnectors of which are equipped with remote-controlled drives, hereinafter referred to as the basic one. The connection of the bypass switch is most often used as the basic connection. Rice. Fig. 6. Scheme of a 220 kV electrical installation with two separately operating busbar systems and part of the connections with two switches per circuit before performing operations to transfer connections from one busbar system to another a) the second switches of two to three connections are switched on, having two switches per circuit; b) the tire protection is switched to the operating mode "with violation of fixation"; c) bus autoreclosing is disabled; d) the bus disconnectors of the base connection are switched on remotely from the control panel to both bus systems; e) the operating current is removed from the drives of the busbar disconnectors I and II of the busbar systems of the base connection; the switched position of the bus disconnectors is checked at the place of their installation; f) the disconnectors of the transferable connections to another bus system are switched on remotely or manually and the switched position of the disconnectors is checked; g) bus disconnectors of transferred connections are disconnected from the bus system to which they were connected before switching; the position of the disconnectors is checked; h) the presence of voltage is checked at the relay protection and automation devices of the transferred connections (or the voltage circuits are switched to the appropriate voltage transformer in case of their manual switching); i) operating current is supplied to the drives of busbar disconnectors I and II of busbar systems of basic connection; j) the bus disconnectors of both busbar systems of the base connection are switched off remotely from the control panel; k) the second switches of the connections, having two switches per circuit, are switched off according to the accepted fixation; l) breaker failure and busbar protection are disabled if new fixation of busbar connections is provided for for a long time; m) the current and operating circuits of the transferred connections are switched to the corresponding busbar protection kits (if part of the connections was transferred from one busbar system to another), the breaker failure circuits are switched. The busbar protection is checked by the load current and is put into operation according to the normal scheme. The breaker failure and autoreclosing of the busbars are switched on. 4.9. In electrical installations with one sectioned and redundant busbar system, the transfer of connections from one busbar section to another with a closed reactor connection between the sections is carried out by switching the connections from the section to the backup busbar system, which is then connected with the help of SHV to another busbar section. The sequence of operations and actions of personnel during the transfer of line L1, powered by the 1st section of the tires (Fig. 7), for power supply from the 2nd bus section: a) make sure that there is no voltage on the backup bus system; b) it is checked whether the protections of the SHV of the 1st section are turned on with the settings in accordance with the instructions of the power company; c) SHV of the 1st section is switched on; the presence of voltage on the backup bus system is checked by voltmeters; d) a reserve bus system is introduced into the coverage area of ​​the DZSH of the 1st section; e) the operational current is removed from the drive and protections of the SHV of the 1st section; f) the switched on position of the SCCB of the 1st section is checked on the spot; g) the bus disconnector of the transferred line L1 is switched on to the backup bus system; the position of the disconnector is checked; h) the bus disconnector of line L1 is disconnected from the 1st section of the tires; the position of the disconnector is checked; i) the voltage circuits of protection, automation and measuring instruments of line L1 are transferred to power supply from the voltage transformer of the backup bus system; j) SHV of the 2nd section is switched on; the presence of load on the circuit breaker is checked by instruments; k) a reserve bus system is introduced into the coverage area of ​​the DZSH of the 2nd section; l) the operational current is removed from the drive and protections of the SHV of the 2nd section; m) operational current is supplied to the drive and protection of the SHV of the 1st section; n) SHV of the 1st section is switched off; on the instruments make sure that there is no load on it; Rice. 7. Scheme of the 10 kV electrical installation with the reactor connection between the sections turned on, before performing operations to transfer the L1 line from the 1st bus section to the 2nd p) the DZSH is turned off, the backup bus system is removed from the coverage area of ​​the DZSH of the 1st section; the circuits of the L1 line are transferred to the set of DZSH of the 2nd section, the DZSH is checked under load and put into operation. 4.10. The sequence of operations and actions of personnel when transferring all connections from one of the busbar sections (for example, from the 2nd busbar section) to a backup busbar system without a busbar connection switch (SHCB of the 2nd section is under repair) while maintaining the intersectional reactor connection in the circuits having a sectional reactor with two forks of bus disconnectors (Fig. 8): a) make sure that there is no voltage on the backup bus system; Rice. Fig. 8. Scheme of the 10 kV electrical installation by the start of operations to transfer all connections from the 2nd section to a backup busbar system without a bus-connecting switch while maintaining the intersectional reactor connection. energy enterprises; c) the SHCB of the 1st section is switched on (the reserve bus system is tested with voltage from the 1st section of the tires); d) SHV of the 1st section is switched off; it is checked that there is no voltage on the redundant busbar system; e) the bus disconnector of the sectional switch is switched on from the side of the 2nd bus section to the backup bus system; the switched position of the disconnector is checked; f) the bus disconnectors of all working connections of the 2nd bus section to the redundant bus system are switched on; the position of the disconnectors is checked; g) the bus disconnectors of all working connections are disconnected from the 2nd bus section, except for the bus disconnectors of the sectional switch, the disconnected position of the disconnectors is checked; h) the voltage circuits of protection, automation and measuring instruments, powered from the voltage transformer of the 2nd bus section, are transferred to the power supply from the voltage transformer of the backup bus system; i) the bus disconnector of the sectional switch is disconnected from the 2nd bus section, the disconnected position of the disconnector is checked; j) make sure by voltmeters that there is no voltage on the 2nd section of the tires. 4.11. It is not allowed in the schemes of electrical installations, where bus sections are normally closed through an intersection reactor, shunting and shunting of an intersection reactor by forks of bus disconnectors of connections. These operations are considered as operations carried out under load. 5. SWITCHING WHEN THE EQUIPMENT IS STARTED FOR REPAIR AND WHEN THE EQUIPMENT IS PUT INTO OPERATION AFTER REPAIR 5.1. The sequence of operations and verification actions of the operating personnel when the tire system is put into repair, which is in a state of reserve (SHV is off): b) it is checked on site that the SHCB is disconnected, its busbar disconnector of the redundant busbar system is disconnected; its disabled position is checked. If necessary, the bus disconnector of the working busbar system of the SHV is switched off and its disconnected position is checked; c) the fuses are removed (or circuit breakers are turned off) from the low voltage side of the voltage transformer of the backup bus system, the cabinet where the fuses (circuit breakers) are installed is locked, and the poster “Do not turn on - people are working” is hung out; d) the busbar disconnector of the voltage transformer of the backup busbar system is switched off and the position of the disconnector is checked; e) it is checked whether the busbar disconnectors of all connections are disconnected from the busbar system being taken out for repair, and the disconnector drives are locked. On the drives of disconnected disconnectors, posters “Do not turn on - people work” are posted; f) make sure that there is no voltage on the current-carrying parts, where earthing should be applied. Grounding knives are switched on or portable groundings are applied where there are no stationary grounding knives; g) other technical measures are taken to ensure the safe performance of work (installation of fences, hanging appropriate posters at the workplace). 5.2. Before putting the busbar system into operation after repair, the operational personnel inspects the work site, checks the position (left by the repair personnel) of the bus disconnectors of the connections after repair; makes sure that there are no people, as well as foreign objects on the equipment. The sequence of operations and actions of personnel during commissioning of the busbar system: a) grounding knives are switched off and their disconnected position is checked (portable groundings are removed and placed in storage places); b) the insulation resistance of the tires is checked with a megohmmeter (if necessary); c) the locks are removed from the drives of bus disconnectors, temporary fences and posters posted at the work site are removed. Permanent fences are installed if they were removed. Posters are removed from the control keys and drives of switching devices, posted before the start of work; d) the disconnector of the voltage transformer of the busbar system put into operation is switched on and fuses are installed (circuit breakers are switched on) from the low voltage side; e) the disconnected position of the SHV is checked and the disconnectors of the SHV are switched on; f) the settings on the SHV protections are checked and the protections are switched on. The operating current is supplied to the SHV drive, if it was turned off; g) SHV are switched on; it is checked whether there is voltage on the tested bus system; h) the normal circuit of the electrical installation is restored. 5.3. The sequence of operations and actions of the personnel when the KRU section of the power plant is taken out for repair: a) all knife switches and circuit breakers are turned off on the low voltage side of the transformers powered by the KRU section being taken out for repair. Their position is checked. Posters “Do not turn on - people work” are posted on knife switches and automatic switches; b) the circuit breakers of the connections powered by this section are switched off. Posters “Do not turn on - people are working” are posted on the control keys; c) section ATS is switched off; d) the switches of the working source (transformer or line) supplying the section are turned off; posters “Do not turn on - people are working” are hung on the control keys of the switches; it is checked that the power supply of the electromagnets for closing the switches is turned off; e) the disconnected position of the switches is checked; the trolleys of switches of all connections are moved to the repair position, through which voltage can be supplied to the place of work (working and backup power sources, sectional switch, etc.); f) the trolley of the disconnector for connecting the sectional switch is moved to the repair position; a poster “Do not turn on - people work” is hung on the doors of the cell; g) the trolley of the voltage transformer is moved to the repair position; a poster “Do not turn on - people are working” is posted on the doors of the cell. When stationary, the voltage transformer is switched off by fuses (knife switches, automatic switches) on the low voltage side and disconnectors on the high voltage side; h) lock the doors of switch cabinets and automatic shutters of compartments in the cabinets for connections of the working and backup power sources, as well as those connections in the cabinets of which the disconnecting contacts may be energized. Posters "Stop - tension" are hung on the doors of the cells. The duty officer keeps the keys to the locks and does not give them out during the work. Grounding, fencing of the work site and hanging posters are carried out depending on the specified working conditions in accordance with the requirements of safety rules. 5.4. Before putting the switchgear section into operation after repair, the operational personnel inspects the work site, makes sure that there are no people, as well as foreign objects on the equipment. The sequence of operations and actions of the personnel when putting the switchgear section into operation: a) grounding knives are turned off, portable groundings are removed and placed in storage areas; b) the insulation resistance of the tires is checked with a megohmmeter, if necessary; c) temporary fencing of workplaces and posters are removed. A permanent fence is installed (if it was removed). Posters are removed from the cells and control keys of switching devices; d) it is checked that the power supply of the electromagnets for closing the switches is turned off; e) when the switching device is in the off position, the following are moved to the working position: the trolley-disconnector for connecting the sectional switch; section switch trolley; trolleys of switches of all connections put into operation and a backup power source; f) the trolley of the voltage transformer is moved to the working position (or in the case of a stationary version, disconnectors are switched on; fuses are installed on the low voltage side of the voltage transformer). In the working position of the carts, the correctness of their fixation in the cabinet cases and the reliability of the installation of the plug connectors of the secondary switching circuits are checked; g) posters are removed from the switches control keys; the switch of the working source feeding the section turns on; the presence of voltage on the section buses is checked by instruments; h) section ATS is switched on; i) the switches of the connections powered by this section of the busbars are switched on. 5.5. Due to insufficient visibility of the equipment and detachable contact connections in the switchgear cabinets, the personnel, when performing operations with the apparatus and preparing workplaces, controls the operation of the switchgear blocking devices. If any malfunctions are found in the operation of the blocking devices, he acts in accordance with clause 3.4.5 of this Instruction. Unauthorized unblocking of devices, unscrewing of removable parts of cabinets, opening of automatic shutters that cover parts of the installation that are energized is not allowed. 5.6. The sequence of operations and actions of the personnel when the transformer 6/0.4 kV for auxiliary needs of the power plant is taken out for repair: a) the protection of the minimum voltage of the transformer taken out for repair is turned off; b) the ATS of the reserve transformer (backup power source) is switched off; c) the 6 kV circuit breaker and automatic switches of the backup power supply of the auxiliaries sections 0.4 kV are switched on; the presence of load on the backup power source is checked by instruments; d) the 0.4 kV circuit breakers of the transformer being taken out for repair are turned off; posters “Do not turn on - people are working” are hung out; e) the circuit breaker on the 6 kV side of the transformer is turned off; a poster “Do not turn on - people are working” is posted on the control key; f) the position of the automatic switches of the 0.4 kV transformer is checked, the knife switches are turned off; their drives are locked; posters “Do not turn on - people are working” are hung out; g) the position of the 6 kV transformer switch is checked; the circuit breaker trolley moves to the repair position; locked cabinet doors; a poster “Do not turn on - people are working” is posted; h) make sure that there is no voltage; grounding is installed on the transformer terminals from the side of higher and lower voltages; the workplace is fenced; posters are hung out in accordance with the requirements of safety rules. 5.7. After the repair of the transformer with a voltage of 6/0.4 kV, the auxiliary needs of the power plant are put into operation after the work is completed and the personnel inspects the place of work. The sequence of operations and actions of the personnel when putting the transformer into operation: a) all groundings installed on the connection of the transformer are removed, portable groundings are placed in storage places; b) temporary fences and posters are removed; permanent fences are installed; posters are removed from drives and control keys of switching devices; c) the disconnected position of the transformer circuit breaker on the 6 kV side is checked; the circuit breaker trolley moves to the operating position. In the working position of the trolley, the correctness of its fixation in the cabinet body and the reliability of the installation of the plug connectors of the secondary switching circuits are checked; d) the off position of 0.4 kV circuit breakers is checked; switches are switched on, their position is checked; e) the switch of the 6 kV transformer is switched on; f) the automatic switches of the 0.4 kV transformer are switched on; g) the presence of a load on the transformer is checked by instruments; h) circuit breakers and the backup power supply switch are turned off; i) the ATS of the backup power source is switched on; j) the undervoltage protection of the transformer is activated. 5.8. The sequence of operations and actions of personnel when putting a transformer (for example, T1) into repair at a two-transformer substation (Fig. 9): a) the permissible load value on the remaining transformer T2 is specified if the transformer T1 is turned off; b) the power supply for the substation's own needs is transferred from the TSN1 transformer to the TSN2 transformer (the AB1 circuit breaker is turned off, while the AB1-2 circuit breaker is turned on); c) the switch RB1 of the transformer TSN1 is turned off, the handle of the switch is locked, the poster “Do not turn on - people work” is hung out; d) it is checked whether there is a phase-to-earth fault in the 35 kV network, the disconnector P1 DGR is turned off; the disconnector R2 DGR is switched on; e) switching the ARCT of transformers T1 and T2 from automatic to remote control; f) the OLTC of the transformer T1 is remotely transferred to the position identical with the position of the OLTC of the transformer T2; g) ATS SV 10 kV is switched off; this switch is turned on, the presence of a load on it is checked; h) CB 35 kV is switched on; it checks for a load; i) switches B1 and B3 of transformer T1 are turned off, posters “Do not turn on - people are working” are hung on the control keys; Rice. 9. Scheme of a two-transformer substation 220 kV with a switch in the jumper and separators in the transformer circuits and normal operation j) the value of the load on the transformer T2 is checked; k) the ARCT of the T2 transformer is switched from remote to automatic control; l) the tap changer of transformer T1 is remotely transferred to the position corresponding to the mode of its nominal excitation; m) it is checked whether the switch B3 of the transformer T1 is open; o) the earthing switch is turned on in the neutral of transformer T1; o) the separators OD1 of the transformer T1 are disconnected (remotely), the full-phase disconnection of the separator knives is checked, the separator drive is locked; a poster “Do not turn on - people are working” is posted on the drive; p) it is checked whether the switch B1 of the transformer T1 is turned off, the trolley of the switch B1 is moved to the repair position, the poster “Do not turn on - people are working” is hung out; c) gas and technological protections of transformer Т1 are switched off; r) when the switch B3 is off, the transformer disconnector RT1 is disconnected, the disconnected position of the disconnector is checked, the disconnector drive is locked; a poster “Do not turn on - people work” is hung on the drive; y) make sure before applying grounding on the connection of the transformer T1 that there is no voltage on the current-carrying parts; depending on the nature of the work, grounding is applied from the side of the higher, medium and lower voltages of the T1 transformer, as well as at the terminals of the TSN1 transformer. The fencing of the work site and the hanging of posters are carried out in accordance with the requirements of safety rules. 5.9. The sequence of operations and actions of the personnel when putting into operation after the repair of the transformer T1 at a two-transformer substation (see Fig. 9): a) the work site is inspected, it is checked for foreign objects on the equipment; b) all portable groundings installed at the connections of transformers T1 and TSN1 are removed and placed in storage places; c) temporary fences and posters posted at the work site are removed; posters are removed from the drives and control keys of the switching devices of transformers T1 and TSN1; d) it is checked whether the short circuiter KZ1 is disconnected; whether the disconnector is switched on in the neutral of transformer T1; whether the tap changer of transformer T1 is in the position corresponding to the nominal excitation mode; whether the ARCT of transformer T1 has been transferred to remote control; e) switch trolley B1 moves to the control position; plug connectors of secondary switching circuits are installed; f) the gas and technological protections of the transformer T1 are switched on; g) the separator OD1 of the transformer T1 is turned on; its full-phase inclusion is checked; h) the grounding switch is switched off in the neutral of transformer T1; i) it is checked whether the switch B3 is open, and the transformer disconnector PT1 of the transformer T1 is turned on, the disconnected position of the disconnector is checked; j) it is checked whether the switch B1 is off, and the trolley with the switch is rolled into the working position; k) the ARCT of the operating transformer T2 is switched from automatic to remote control; l) the transformer T1 on-load tap-changer is remotely transferred to a position identical with the position of the on-load tap-changer of the T2 transformer; m) switches B3 and B1 of transformer T1 are turned on; the load will be turned; o) turn off CB 35 kV; o) 10 kV CB is switched off; ATS SV 10 kV is switched on; p) ARCT of transformers T1 and T2 are switched from remote to automatic control; c) the switch RB1 of the transformer TSN1 is turned on, the normal power supply circuit for the substation's own needs is restored; r) it is checked whether there is a phase-to-earth fault in the 35 kV network, the R2 DGR disconnector is turned off; the disconnector R1 DGR is switched on. 5.10. The sequence of operations and actions of personnel 1 when bringing the transmission line L1 into repair with a one-and-a-half scheme of electrical connections with air circuit breakers (Fig. 10): 1 All actions of the operational personnel of both ends of the line are coordinated by the dispatcher and are carried out by his order. a) it is checked whether it is permissible to disconnect according to the load and the switchgear circuit of line L1; the necessary regime measures are carried out, including operations with emergency system automation devices, the voltage circuits of the line with switches V50, V51 are transferred from the NKF51 voltage transformer to the NKF52 voltage transformer; Rice. 10. Part of the scheme of the 500 kV electrical installation by the beginning of the operations for putting the equipment of connections into repair, connected according to the one and a half scheme: РШ - bus disconnector; RL - linear disconnector b) switches B50 and B51 are turned off, the operating current is removed; make sure there is no load on the line; c) posters “Do not turn on - people are working” are posted on the control keys of the switches; d) the off position of switches B50 and B51 is checked on site; e) the linear disconnector RVL1 is switched off; its disabled position is checked; the disconnector drive is locked; fuses are removed (circuit breakers are turned off) in the control circuits of the RVL1 disconnector drive; the power circuits of the drive of the specified disconnector are switched off; f) the fuses are removed (knife switches, automatic switches are turned off) from the side of the low voltage windings of the voltage transformer NKF51; g) the dispatcher's permission is requested to turn on the grounding knives of the RVL1 disconnector towards the line, the absence of voltage on the L1 line is checked, the grounding knives at the RVL1 disconnectors are turned on towards the line; their enabled position is checked; h) a poster “Do not turn on - people work” is posted on the RVL1 disconnector drive; i) the posters “Do not turn on - people are working” are removed from the control keys; switches B51 and B50 are turned on, the load current is checked by instruments. 5.11. The sequence of operations and actions of the personnel when putting into operation after the repair of the L1 power line (see Fig. 10): b) with the permission of the dispatcher, the grounding knives of the RVL1 disconnector are disconnected from the side of line L1; their disabled position is checked; c) fuses are installed (knife switches, automatic switches are switched on) from the side of the low voltage windings of the voltage transformer NKF51; d) switches B50 and B51 are turned off; make sure that there is no load current; e) posters “Do not turn on - people are working” are posted on the control keys of the switches; f) the off position of switches B50 and B51 is checked on site; g) the poster “Do not turn on - people are working” is removed from the RVL1 disconnector drive; h) the lock is removed from the disconnector drive RVL1, fuses are installed (circuit breakers are switched on) in the operational circuits of the disconnector drive; voltage is applied to the power circuits of the disconnector drive; the disconnector RVL1 is turned on and its on position is checked; i) the posters “Do not turn on - people are working” are removed from the control keys; switches B51 and B50 are turned on, the load current is checked; j) the necessary regime measures are carried out, including with system automation devices, provided for by dispatcher switching programs. 5.12. The sequence of operations and actions of personnel when bringing the AT2 autotransformer into repair with a one-and-a-half circuit of electrical connections with air circuit breakers and electromagnetic voltage transformers (see Fig. 10): b) the switches of the windings of the lower and medium voltages of the autotransformer AT2 are turned off; make sure that there is no load current; c) switches B50 and B52 are turned off; make sure that there is no load current; d) posters “Do not turn on - people are working” are posted on the control keys of the switches; e) the disconnected position of the low and medium voltage switches is checked on site; the disconnectors are disconnected from the side of the lower and medium voltages of the autotransformer AT2; posters “Do not turn on - people are working” are posted on the drives of the disconnectors; e) it is checked on site that switches B50 and B52 are open; g) disconnectors RT50 and RT52 are switched off; their disabled position is checked; h) disconnector РВАТ2 is switched off; its disconnected position is checked, the disconnector drive is locked; the fuses are removed (circuit breakers are switched off) in the operating circuits of the RVAT2 disconnector drive; the power circuits of the disconnector drive are switched off; a poster “Do not turn on - people are working” is posted on the disconnector drive; i) make sure that there is no voltage on the current-carrying parts; the grounding knives of the РВАТ2 disconnector are switched on towards the AT2 autotransformer, their switched position is checked; j) the posters “Do not turn on - people are working” are removed from the control key of the B52 switch, 1 disconnector RT52 with the B52 switch is released; 1 If switches are installed in the switchgear without capacitors that extinguish contact breaks (oil, SF6, etc.), then when voltage transformers of the NKF series are connected to the circuit nodes, it is not required to unblock disconnectors with switches, operational actions are performed in the usual sequence. k) switch B52 is turned on; its enabled position is checked in place; l) the RT52 disconnector is switched on; its enabled position is checked; m) the blocking of the RT52 disconnector with the B52 switch is restored; n) the off position of the B50 switch is checked, the PT50 disconnector is turned on; its enabled position is checked; o) the poster “Do not turn on - people are working” is removed from the control key; switch B50 is turned on; the load current of the switches B50 and B52 is checked. All subsequent operational actions to complete the withdrawal of the AT2 autotransformer for repair are carried out in the usual manner, depending on the nature of the planned work and in accordance with the requirements of safety rules. 5.13. The sequence of operations and actions of personnel when commissioning after repair of the AT2 autotransformer with a voltage transformer of the NKF series connected to the circuit node (see Fig. 10): a) the work site is inspected, it is checked for foreign objects on the equipment; b) grounding knives are turned off, all portable groundings are removed from the connection of the AT2 autotransformer and placed in storage areas; temporary fences and posters are removed at the work site; c) switch B50 is turned off; make sure that there is no load current; a poster “Do not turn on - people are working” is posted on the control key; d) the off position of the B50 switch is checked; the disconnector PT50 is switched off, the disconnected position of the disconnector is checked; e) the RT52 disconnector with the B52 switch is released, the RT52 disconnector is turned off; its disabled position is checked; f) the B52 switch is turned off, a poster “Do not turn on - people are working” is hung on the control key; g) the blocking of the RT52 disconnector with the B52 switch is restored; h) the disconnected position of the low and medium voltage switches is checked on site, the posters “Do not turn on - people are working” are removed from the disconnector drives; the disconnectors are switched on from the side of the lower and medium voltages of the autotransformer AT2; i) the disconnector drive РВАТ2 is unlocked, fuses are installed (automatic switches are switched on) in the operational circuits of the disconnector drive; voltage is applied to the power circuits of the disconnector drive; posters "Do not turn on - people work" are removed; the disconnector РВАТ2 is switched on, the switched on position of the disconnector is checked; j) the off position of the switches B50 and B52 is checked, the disconnectors PT50 and PT52 are switched on, the switched position of the disconnectors is checked; k) posters “Do not turn on - people are working” are removed from the control keys; switches B52 and B50 are turned on, the load on the switches is checked; l) posters are removed from the switches control keys; the medium and low voltage switches of the autotransformer AT2 are turned on, the load on the switches is checked. 6. METHODS OF PUTTING INTO REPAIR AND PUTTING INTO OPERATION AFTER REPAIR OF SWITCHES 6.1. Depending on the electrical installation circuit, connection switches can be brought into repair, depending on the electrical installation diagram, by: a) for any electrical installation circuit with one switch per circuit - disconnection of the connection for the entire time of the switch repair, if this is permissible according to the operating mode of the electrical installation and the network; b) in the case of a circuit with two bus systems and one circuit breaker - by replacing the connection switch with a bus connection switch; c) in the case of a scheme with two working and bypass busbars with one switch per circuit - replacing the connection switch with a bypass switch; d) in the case of a circuit with two switches per circuit, a polygon and one and a half - by turning off the connection switch that is being taken out for repair and removing it from the circuit using disconnectors; e) in the case of a bridge circuit with a switch and a repair jumper on disconnectors for repairing a sectional switch, switching on the jumper containing disconnectors and removing the sectional switch from the circuit using disconnectors in its circuit. 6.2. With each method of bringing the circuit breakers into repair, the sequence of switching in the main circuit and in the relay protection and automation circuits is determined by the instructions of the energy enterprises. 6.3. The main groups of operations when replacing the connection switch with a bus-connecting switch (Fig. 11): a) the primary connection diagram is prepared for switching: the SHCB protections are turned on with settings according to the instructions of the power company, the SHCB is turned on; connections, except for the connection, the circuit breaker of which is being repaired, are transferred to one, for example, to the second busbar system; SHV remains on; b) the busbar system is removed from the zone of operation of the DZSH, to which the connection with the switch being taken out for repair remains switched on; relay protection and automation devices are taken out of operation in turn and switched from the current transformers of the circuit breaker being taken out for repair to the current transformers of the SHV; protections are checked by the load current and are put into operation. Note. The transfer of protections from the current transformers of the circuit breaker taken out for repair to the current transformers of the SHV is not necessary if the protection of the SHV can provide full-fledged connection protection. In this case, changes are made only to the busbar protection circuit and the protection is checked by the load current; c) disconnected and grounded in accordance with the requirements of the safety rules, the connection and the switch being taken out for repair; the connecting busbars are disconnected from the circuit breaker being taken out for repair (sometimes from the linear disconnectors of the connection); instead of the switch removed from the circuit, special jumpers are installed from a wire of the corresponding section; Rice. 11. Scheme for replacing the connection switch with a bus-connecting switch d) the operation of the connection protections in the control current circuits is switched to the SHV; protections for shutdown of SHV are tested; e) the correctness of the installation of jumpers is checked by external inspection (for phase coincidence); the connection bus disconnectors are switched on (if the line disconnectors are removed from the circuit) to the first busbar system; the connection is put into operation by turning on the SHV. 6.4. When the connection is working according to the scheme of fig. 11 it is not allowed to transfer connections from one busbar system to another without corresponding switching in the current protection circuits. 6.5. The main operations during commissioning after repair of the connection switch put into operation with the help of SHV (see Fig. 11): a) the connection whose switch is put into operation is disconnected and grounded in accordance with the requirements of safety rules; the jumpers installed instead of the switch are removed, and the switch (and line disconnector) introduced from the repair is connected in the usual way; b) the action of the connection protections in the control current circuits is switched to the circuit breaker brought in from repair, and the protections are tested to open the circuit breaker; c) it is checked by an external inspection at the place of work that the busbar is connected to the switching devices correctly (for phase matching); portable grounding is removed, busbar and linear disconnectors are switched on for the first busbar system; the connection is put into operation by turning on two switches in series (one that has come out of repair and a bus-connecting one); d) relay protection and automation devices are taken out of operation one by one and switched from the current transformers of the SHV to the current transformers of the circuit breaker that has gone out of repair, the protection is checked by the load current and put into operation; e) the normal scheme of primary connections is restored with the distribution of connections over the busbars according to the accepted fixation, the busbar protection is switched to the mode of operation with fixing of the connections. 6.6. The main operations when bringing the connection switch for repair and replacing it with a bypass switch (Fig. 12): a) a bypass switch circuit is being prepared for testing the voltage of the bypass busbar system from the working busbar system, to which the connection with the switch being taken out for repair is turned on; b) the bypass switch is switched on with the “testing” settings on its protections, with the busbar protection enabled, switched on by the operational circuits to turn off the bypass switch, and the start of the breaker from the protections is enabled; the presence of voltage on the bypass busbar system is checked; Rice. 12. Scheme for replacing the connection switch with a bypass switch c) the bypass switch is turned off. The off position of the bypass switch is checked and the connection disconnector is switched on to the bypass busbar system, the switch of which is brought out for repair; d) are introduced with the help of test blocks into the busbar protection circuit of the current transformer circuit of the bypass switch as a connection switch; on the protections of the bypass switch, settings are set corresponding to the protection settings of this connection; high-speed protections (DFZ, DZL, etc.) are disabled on all sides of the protected connection; e) the bypass switch is turned on; the load current is checked, the connection switch being taken out for repair is turned off; make sure that there is no load current; f) the busbar protection is switched off, the necessary switchings are performed in its circuits, the protection is checked by the load current and put into operation; g) current circuits of fast-acting protections of connection are switched to current transformers of the bypass switch and operational circuits with action on the bypass switch; load current protections are checked, protections are put into operation and tested for disconnection of the bypass switch with its inclusion from the automatic reclosure; h) the disconnectors are disconnected on both sides of the circuit breaker being taken out for repair, the absence of voltage on it is checked, and the grounding knives are turned on towards the circuit breaker. 6.7. The main groups of operations during commissioning after repair of the connection switch put into repair using a bypass switch (see Fig. 12): a) grounding knives are disconnected on both sides of the switch being put into operation; b) back-up protections (or special, temporarily activated protections), suitably configured, are connected to the current transformers of the circuit breaker being put into operation, and switched on to open the circuit breaker; c) the switch 1 put into operation is tested with voltage with the bus disconnectors disconnected; 1 The operations of testing the circuit breaker with voltage are performed, if necessary. d) high-speed protections (DFZ, DZL, etc.) are disabled on all sides of the protected connection; e) are connected with the help of test blocks to the busbar protection circuit of the current transformer circuit of the circuit breaker put into operation; f) the disconnected position of the circuit breaker being put into operation is checked, its busbar disconnectors are switched on to the corresponding busbar system (and the line disconnector, if it was disconnected); g) the switch put into operation is turned on; checking for load; the bypass switch is turned off; the absence of load is checked; h) tire protection is disabled; the necessary switching is performed in its circuits, the protection is checked by the load current and put into operation; i) fast-acting protections of connection to the current transformers of the circuit breaker put into operation are switched along the current circuits with action on the operational circuits on this circuit breaker. The protection is checked by the load current, it is put into operation and tested to open the circuit breaker with its inclusion from the automatic reclosure. The backup protections of the connection are checked by the load current and put into operation; temporary protections are turned off, if they were turned on; j) the off position of the bypass switch is checked; the connection disconnector is disconnected from the bypass busbar system (brought in line with the normal circuit). 6.8. The main groups of operations when taking a circuit breaker out for repair in a circuit with two working busbar systems and two circuit breakers per circuit (Fig. 13): a) the connection switch being taken out for repair is turned off; make sure that there is no load current; b) the disconnected position of the circuit breaker being taken out for repair is checked on site; its disconnectors are disconnected on both sides, the disconnected position of the disconnectors is checked; c) the busbar protection is turned off, the current transformer circuits of the circuit breaker being taken out for repair are removed from its circuit, the busbar protection is checked by the load current and put into operation; d) the connection protections are switched off in turn, their current circuits are disconnected from the current transformers of the circuit breaker being taken out for repair, the operational protection and automation circuits are disconnected from the drive of the circuit breaker being taken out for repair while maintaining their effect on the pair circuit breaker remaining in operation; protections are checked by the load current and are put into operation, the automation device is put into operation. Switching in relay protection and automation circuits is carried out with the help of test blocks and overlays; e) make sure according to the scheme that there is no voltage; the grounding knives are turned on towards the switch brought out for repair. Rice. 13. Scheme of the electrical installation with two busbar systems and two switches per circuit after the connection switch is taken out for repair 6.9. The main groups of operations during commissioning after repair of the connection switch in a circuit with two working busbar systems and two switches per circuit (see Fig. 13): a) grounding knives are disconnected on both sides of the switch being put into operation; b) the circuit breaker put into operation is tested by applying voltage with the bus disconnector disconnected; c) the current and operating circuits of the backup protections are connected, respectively, to the current transformers and the drive of the circuit breaker being put into operation; the presence of current in the backup protection circuits is checked; circuits from the current transformers of the circuit breaker being put into operation are connected to the busbar protection circuit. The listed protections are included in the work; d) the off position of the switch is checked; its busbar and line disconnectors are switched on; e) the switch is turned on; checking for load; f) the busbar protection, the main and backup protections of the connection are turned off in turn, the necessary switching is performed in their circuits; load current protection is checked. The defenses are on. Automatic devices are included in the operation. 6.10. The main groups of operations when taking a circuit breaker out for repair in a circuit with three circuit breakers for two connections (see Fig. 10) and in a quadrilateral circuit (Fig. 14): a) the circuit breaker brought out for repair is turned off; make sure there is no load; b) the disconnected position of the circuit breaker being taken out for repair is checked on site; disconnectors are disconnected on both sides; c) relay protection and automation devices are switched off in turn, the current circuits of which are connected to the current transformers of the circuit breaker being taken out for repair, the current circuits of protection and automation are disconnected from these current transformers by test blocks; load current protections are checked and put into operation with action on adjacent circuit breakers remaining in operation; are included in the operation of the automation device; At the same time, false impacts on the RPA devices remaining in operation are excluded; Rice. 14. 330 kV switchgear, made according to the quadrilateral scheme, in normal operation d) make sure according to the scheme that there is no voltage on the switch being taken out for repair; grounding knives are turned on towards the switch. 6.11. The main groups of operations during commissioning after repair of a circuit breaker in a circuit with three circuit breakers for two connections and in a quadrilateral circuit (secondary circuits of current transformers excluded from the circuit along with the circuit breaker removed for repair are disconnected from the protection circuits and shorted by test blocks) - see. rice. 10 and 14: a) the grounding knives are disconnected on both sides of the circuit breaker being put into operation (for example, the B31 circuit breaker in the quadrangle circuit (see Fig. 14)); b) the protection of the dummy shield is connected to the current transformers TT31. Protections are configured and tested from an external current source. The action of the protections is checked for opening the switch B31; c) the circuit breaker put into operation is tested with voltage by remotely switching on the RL31 disconnector; d) the off position of the switch B31 is checked on site; the disconnector ShR31 is switched on; e) the start of the breaker failure, high-speed protection and automatic reclosure of the line L1 is turned off, their current circuits are connected to the current transformers TT31, the protection is checked by the load current; f) switch B31 put into operation is switched on; the switch B32 located with it in the same circuit is turned off; g) relay protection and automation devices are switched off in turn, the current circuits of which are connected to the TT31 current transformers, they are connected to the specified current transformers with the help of test blocks, checked by the load current and put into operation. The high-speed protections of the L1 line are checked by the operating current, the protection and the start of the breaker are included in the operation. The protections mounted on a dummy shield are taken out of work; h) switch B32 is turned on; i) using the VAF device, the values ​​​​and directions of currents in the current circuits of protection are checked; j) AR is switched on with action on switch B31. 6.12. The main groups of operations when bringing a sectional switch into repair in the bridge circuit in the presence of a repair jumper on the disconnectors (Fig. 15): the protection of lines and autotransformers operating without time delay are switched off; b) the current circuits of the protection lines and autotransformers are switched from the current transformers installed in the circuit of the sectional switch to the current transformers of the repair jumper; c) circuit breakers are switched off (fuses are removed) of the operational current of the sectional switch; d) the switched position of the sectional switch is checked on site; the repair jumper disconnectors are switched on, their switched position is checked; e) circuit breakers are switched on (fuses are installed) of the operational current of the sectional switch; the sectional switch is turned off; make sure that there is no load current; f) are checked by the load current of the protection lines L1 and L2 and autotransformers AT1 and AT2, operating without time delay, and put into operation. They are removed from the action of accelerating the backup protection of lines and autotransformers; g) the disconnected position of the sectional switch is checked on site; disconnectors are switched off on both sides; Rice. 15. Substation 220 kV according to the bridge scheme with a sectional switch in the jumper and a repair jumper on the disconnectors: RL - linear disconnector h) make sure that there is no voltage; the grounding knives are turned on towards the sectional switch; on the drives of the disconnectors RP1, RP2, posters “Do not turn on - people are working” are posted. 6.13. The main groups of operations during commissioning after repair of the sectional switch in the bridge circuit with a repair jumper on the disconnectors (see Fig. 15): a) grounding knives are disconnected on both sides of the sectional switch being put into operation; posters “Do not turn on - people work” are removed from the drives of the disconnectors RP1, RP2 of the sectional switch; b) the sectional switch is tested with voltage (if necessary). To do this, one of the lines is turned off, for example, line L2 on both sides: by switch B2 and the switch of the remote end of the line. The operating current is removed from the drives of the L2 line switches (circuit breakers are turned off or fuses are removed). Make sure that there is no voltage on line L2; the disconnector RP2 and CB are switched on. Before applying voltage to the circuit breaker, the acceleration of the backup protections of line L2 is activated. Voltage is supplied to the section switch by turning on the switch of the remote end of the line L2. After inspection, the section switch is turned off; operating current is removed from its drive. The disconnector RP1 is turned on, the protection of lines and autotransformers, which operate without time delay, are turned off; c) the current circuits of the protection lines L1, L2 and transformers T1, T2 are switched from the current transformers installed in the repair jumper to the current transformers of the sectional switch; Rice. 16. A part of the 220 kV electrical installation circuit with a combined switch (bus-coupling and bypass), used in normal mode as a bus-coupling switch d) the protection lines L1, L2 and transformers T1, T2 are put into operation, operating without time delay, and the accelerations of the backup protection in normal mode; e) switches CB and B2 are turned on; the presence of load current is checked; f) the switched position of the CB is checked; disconnectors PP1 and PP2 are switched off. 6.14. The main groups of operations when switching a combined circuit breaker (bus-coupling and bypass), usually used as a bus-coupling circuit breaker, into the bypass circuit breaker mode (Fig. 16); The disconnected position of the SHV is checked on the spot; its bus disconnector is disconnected from the I bus system and the additional bus disconnector DShR from the II bus system; b) the SHCB protections are turned on (with the "testing" settings), it is checked whether the CBFP is disabled by the SHCB protections, the AR SHCB is switched on; SHV is tested for tripping by the protections and switching on by the AR device; c) automatic reclosure of SHCB is switched off, SHCB is switched off. The disconnected position of the SHV is checked on the spot; its busbar disconnector is switched on to the corresponding working busbar system and the busbar disconnector to the bypass system.

1.5.32. In electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V switching

are held:

without switching forms - with simple switching and in the presence of active interlocking devices that exclude incorrect operations with disconnectors and grounding knives during all switching;

according to the switching form - in the absence of blocking devices or their malfunction, as well as in case of complex switching.

1.5.33. When eliminating accidents, switching is carried out without forms, followed by an entry in the operational log.

Switching forms must be numbered. Used forms are stored in the prescribed manner.

In electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V, switching is carried out without drawing up switching forms, but with an entry in the operational log.

1.5.34. Electrical equipment, disconnected at the oral request of technological personnel for the performance of any work, is switched on only at the request of the employee who submitted the request for disconnection, or replacing him.

Before starting the temporarily disconnected equipment, at the request of the technological personnel, the operational personnel are obliged to inspect the equipment, make sure that it is ready for switching on under voltage and warn the personnel working on it about the upcoming switching on.

The procedure for processing applications for turning off and turning on electrical equipment must be approved by the technical manager of the Consumer.

1.5.35. In electrical installations with constant personnel on duty, the equipment that was under repair or being tested is switched on under voltage only after it has been accepted by the operating personnel.

In electrical installations without constant personnel on duty, the procedure for accepting equipment after repair or testing is established by local instructions, taking into account the characteristics of the electrical installation and meeting safety requirements.

1.5.36. When switching in electrical installations, the following procedure must be observed:

the employee who received the assignment for switching is obliged to repeat it, write it down in the operational log and establish the order of upcoming operations according to the operational scheme or layout scheme; draw up, if required, a switching form. Negotiations of operational personnel should be as short and clear as possible. The operational language should exclude the possibility of misunderstanding by the personnel of received messages and transmitted orders. The giver and receiver of the order must clearly understand the order of operations;

if switching is performed by two employees, then the one who received the order is obliged to explain the order and sequence of upcoming operations to the second employee participating in the switching according to the operational connection diagram;

if there is any doubt about the correctness of the switching, they should be stopped and the required sequence checked according to the operational wiring diagram;

after the switching task is completed, an entry in the operational log should be made about this.

1.5.37. In case of planned changes in the scheme and modes of operation of the power equipment of Consumers, changes in the relay protection and automation devices, the dispatching services that manage the equipment and relay protection devices must make the necessary changes and additions to the standard programs and switching forms at the appropriate levels of operational management in advance.

1.5.38. Operational personnel directly performing the switching are not allowed to disable the locks without permission.

Unblocking is allowed only after checking on site the disconnected position of the circuit breaker and finding out the reason for the failure of the blocking by permission and under the guidance of employees authorized to do so by a written order of the Consumer responsible for the electrical economy.

Switching in the electrical circuits of switchgears (hereinafter referred to as switchgear) of substations, switchboards and assemblies is carried out by order or with the knowledge of higher operational personnel in whose operational management or jurisdiction this equipment is located, in accordance with the procedure established by the Consumer: by oral or telephone order dressing with an entry in the operational log.

Operational switching must be performed by an employee from among the operational personnel directly servicing electrical installations. The switching order must indicate their sequence. The order is considered executed only after receiving a message about it from the employee to whom it was given.

Complex switching, as well as all switching (except for single ones) on electrical installations that are not equipped with interlocking devices or have faulty interlocking devices, must be carried out according to programs, switching forms. The complex ones include switching that requires a strict sequence of operations with switching devices, grounding disconnectors and relay protection devices, emergency and regime automation. Lists of complex switching, approved by technical managers, should be kept at control rooms, central (main) control panels of power plants and substations.

Lists of complex switching should be reviewed when changing the scheme, equipment composition, protection devices and automation. Complex switching should be performed, as a rule, by two employees, of which one is the supervisor.

If there is one employee from among the OP in the shift, the supervisor can be an employee from the administrative and technical personnel who knows the scheme of this electrical installation, the rules for the production of switching and is allowed to perform the switching. In case of complex switching, it is allowed to involve a third employee from the personnel of the RPA services for the operation in the relay protection and protection circuits. This employee, having previously familiarized himself with the switching form and signed it, must perform each operation at the order of the worker performing the switching.

All other switchings, in the presence of a functional blocking device, can be performed individually, regardless of the composition of the shift. In cases of urgency (accident, natural disaster, as well as during the liquidation of accidents), it is allowed, in accordance with local instructions, to perform switching without an order or without the knowledge of higher operational personnel, followed by its notification and entry in the operational log. The list of employees entitled to perform operational switching is approved by the head of the Consumer.

The list of employees who have the right to conduct operational negotiations is approved by those responsible for the electrical economy and transferred to the energy supply organization and sub-subscribers. For repetitive complex switching, standard programs, switching forms should be used (when compiling standard programs and switching forms, energy services are recommended to use standard instructions for switching in electrical installations that are in force in power supply organizations). When eliminating technological violations or to prevent them, it is allowed to make switching without switching forms, followed by an entry in the operational log.

Switching programs and forms, which are operational documents, must establish the order and sequence of operations when switching in electrical wiring diagrams of electrical installations and relay protection and automation circuits. Switching forms (standard forms) should be used by operational personnel directly performing the switching. Switching programs (standard programs) should be used by the heads of operational personnel in the production of switching in electrical installations of different levels of management and different power facilities.

The degree of detail of programs should correspond to the level of operational management. Employees who directly perform switching are allowed to use the switching programs of the corresponding dispatcher, supplemented by switching forms. Typical programs and switching forms should be adjusted when changes are made in the main electrical wiring diagram of electrical installations associated with the commissioning of new equipment, the replacement or partial dismantling of obsolete equipment, the reconstruction of switchgears, as well as when new or changes are included in the installed RPA devices.

In electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V, switching is carried out:

Without switching forms - with simple switching and in the presence of operating interlocking devices that exclude incorrect operations with disconnectors and grounding knives during all switching;

According to the switching form - in the absence of blocking devices or their malfunction, as well as in case of complex switching.

When eliminating accidents, switching is carried out without forms, followed by an entry in the operational log. Switching forms must be numbered. Used forms are stored in the prescribed manner.

In electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V, switching is carried out without drawing up switching forms, but with an entry in the operational log. Electrical equipment, disconnected at the oral request of technological personnel for the production of any work, is switched on only at the request of the employee who submitted the request for disconnection, or replacing him.

When switching in electrical installations, the following procedure must be observed:

The employee who has received the task of switching is obliged to repeat it, write it down in the operational log and establish the order of upcoming operations according to the operational scheme or layout scheme; draw up, if required, a switching form. Negotiations of operational personnel. should be as short and clear as possible. The operational language should exclude the possibility of misunderstanding by the personnel of received messages and transmitted orders. The giver and receiver of the order must clearly understand the order of operations;

If the switching is performed by two employees, then the one who received the order is obliged to explain, according to the operational connection diagram, to the second employee participating in the switching, the order and sequence of the upcoming operations;

If there are doubts about the correctness of the switching, they should be stopped and the required sequence checked according to the operational wiring diagram;

After completing the task for switching, an entry in the operational log should be made about this.

In case of planned changes in the scheme and modes of operation of consumer power equipment, changes in relay protection and automation devices, dispatch services that manage the equipment and relay protection devices must make the necessary changes and additions to standard programs and switching forms at the appropriate levels in advance operational management.

The operational personnel directly performing the switching are not allowed to arbitrarily remove the blocking from operation. Unblocking is allowed only after checking the disconnected position of the switch on the spot and finding out the reason for the failure of the blocking by permission and under the guidance of employees authorized to do so by a written order of the Consumer responsible for the electrical economy.

If release is necessary, a switching form is drawn up with the entry of release operations into it. The switching form is filled in by the duty officer who received the order to carry out the switching. The form is signed by both employees who carried out the switching. Supervising when performing the switching is the senior in position. Responsibility for the correct switching in all cases lies with both workers who performed the operations.

Switching in packaged switchgear (at packaged transformer substations), including rolling out and rolling in carts with equipment, as well as switching in switchgear, on panels and assemblies with voltage up to 1000 V, is allowed to be performed by one employee from among the operating personnel, servicing these electrical installations.

Switching in electrical equipment and relay protection devices, which are under the operational control of higher operational personnel, must be made by order, and those under his authority - with his permission.

The order on switching should indicate the sequence of operations in the electrical installation diagram and relay protection and protection circuits with the necessary degree of detail, determined by higher-ranking operational personnel. The executor of the switching should be simultaneously issued no more than one task for conducting operational switching.

3. What is the frequency of the next knowledge test established for employees, directly organizing work on the maintenance of existing electrical installations?

SO 153-34.20.505-2003

The instruction defines the order and sequence of switching in electrical installations with voltage up to 1000 V and above. The instruction was drawn up in accordance with federal legislation, the rules for the technical operation of power plants and networks, and labor protection rules. On the basis of this Instruction, at power plants, in electrical networks, local instructions for the production of switching should be developed, taking into account the features of normal and repair schemes for electrical connections of electrical installations, the design and composition of switchgear equipment, features of the relay protection device, and the procedure for operational maintenance of these objects.

The instruction was approved and put into effect by the Order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated June 30, 2003 N 266.

Document Format: .doc(MS Word)

1. GENERAL

2. ORGANIZATION AND PROCEDURE OF SWITCHING

2.1. Switch order

2.2. Switch forms

2.3. General provisions for switching

2.4. Switching in relay protection and automation circuits

2.5. Switching during the elimination of technological violations

2.6. Switchovers during commissioning of new equipment and testing

3. PERFORMING SWITCHES

3.1. Carrying out operations with switches, disconnectors, separators and switch-disconnectors

3.2. Removal of operational current from the drives of switching devices

3.3. Checking the positions of switching devices

3.4. Actions with hot blocking

3.5. The sequence of operations with switching devices of line connections, transformers, synchronous compensators and generators

3.6. Sequence of operations when switching on and off power lines

4. SWITCHING DURING THE TRANSFER OF CONNECTIONS FROM ONE BUS SYSTEM TO ANOTHER

5. SWITCHING WHEN THE EQUIPMENT IS STARTED FOR REPAIR AND WHEN THE EQUIPMENT IS PUT INTO OPERATION AFTER REPAIR

6. METHODS FOR REPAIRING AND PUTTING INTO OPERATION AFTER REPAIR OF SWITCHES

7. SWITCHING IN THE POWER DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS

7.1. Features of switching

7.2. General switching instructions

7.3. The sequence of operations when performing certain types of switching

Appendix 1. ACCOUNTING, APPLICATION AND REMOVAL OF GROUNDINGS

Appendix 2 MAINTAINING THE OPERATIONAL DIAGRAM AND LAYOUT DIAGRAM OF ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS OF POWER PLANTS AND SUBSTATIONS

Appendix 3 SWITCHING IN DISTRIBUTION POWER NETWORKS OF 0.4 KV SUPPLYING ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS OF CONSUMERS WITH RESERVE POWER PLANTS

I couldn't find a table of contents in the instructions itself, so I compiled it myself.