In our article we will tell you how to prepare the soil for your own hands.

What should be the soil

sod land

The component has a huge amount of trace elements that ensure the full growth of seedlings. It is recommended to use the land on which they previously grew and.

Mullein

The component is rich in useful trace elements, provides proper nutrition to the plant. Thanks to him, productivity increases, plants receive a full range of necessary vitamins. Can be used both dry and fresh.

Sand is used in the preparation of the soil mixture, as it is an excellent baking powder. Give preference to coarse, clean river sand that does not have clay inclusions. Without fail, it must be washed and calcined on fire or in the oven.

Perlite

Sometimes this component is used instead of sand. It is characterized by its environmental friendliness, gives the soil looseness, perfectly absorbs moisture.

Sometimes ordinary ones act as a substitute for peat and sand. In this case, only purified components can be used; before use, they are scalded with boiling water. Land for seedlings, prepared with your own hands, will definitely be of better quality than purchased.

But if you do not know all the nuances of preparing such a mixture, you should not risk the entire crop - it is better to seek the advice of specialists and choose the soil that is best for your seedlings.

Important! Do not immediately purchase a large capacity of the soil mixture. Buy a small bag and try to germinate the seeds. If everything goes well, you can proceed to more ambitious work.

Ready-made soil preparation schemes with sawdust

If you decide to prepare the soil yourself with sawdust for seedlings, we offer a choice of several common schemes.

• Scheme 1. It is necessary to take 2 parts of sawdust and 1 part of sand. Before this, sawdust should be treated with a balanced mixture that contains a complex of nutritional components. They can also be used as a baking powder. This mixture, although it has a simple composition, but allows you to achieve a rich harvest.

• Scheme 2. It is necessary to mix peat, sod land, sawdust in the following ratio: 4:1:1/4:1:1/2. To 10 kg of the mixture obtained, it is worth adding: river sand - 3 kg, - 10 g, - 2-3 g, - 1 g.

• Scheme 3. Humus, peat, sod land, rotted sawdust are taken in a ratio of 1:1:1:1. Add to the bucket with the mixture: - 1.5 cups, superphosphate - 3 tbsp. spoons,

So, what is the best soil for seedlings, what kind of soil should be sown in? In the literature on the problems of vegetable growing, you can find many recommendations for preparing the soil for growing seedlings, their composition depends on the biological characteristics of the crop, the period of its cultivation and on the available components.

The conversation about seeds should start with the fact that, having a supply of nutrients, at first they do not require fertile soil. Most of all they need water and air. To use them to the full, the soil for seedlings must be, first of all, loose, porous, moisture-absorbing, air- and water-permeable. Then the seeds will germinate without problems, throw out the cotyledons and in excellent condition will approach the pick.

Knowing what kind of soil is needed for seedlings, the soil mixture can be bought at a specialized store or prepared independently by combining the available components - peat, humus, compost, sawdust, sand, etc. The composition depends on the crop and the means available to the gardener. Listening to the advice of experts, however, try to make your own recipe for the best soil for seedlings, based on your own capabilities. The only thing that everyone agrees on is that you should not use damp garden soil for sowing seeds, land from the site where cabbage and potatoes grew, and from flower beds, in view of the fact that the former is unsatisfactory in structure, in other cases, infection with pests, spores is possible fungi and pathogenic microorganisms.

Speaking about which soil is better for seedlings, most gardeners recognize the following mixtures as optimal for sowing seeds:

• compost, garden soil and coarse sand (1:1:1);
• humus, soddy soil and sand (2:1:1);
• humus and sand (1:1).

These are the best soil options for seedlings, which are suitable for crops intended for picking at the stage of formation of cotyledons or 1-2 true leaves.

By the time the seedlings are transplanted, it is necessary to prepare seedling boxes and fill them with soil. Compared to the seed mixture, it should be more nutritious (all other qualities should also take place), especially since the plants will remain in it until planting in a closed or. This does not mean at all that you can simultaneously fill the soil with minerals and forget about top dressing. Remember that even the best soil for vegetable seedlings will have enough nutrients for no more than 2 weeks.

The composition of the correct soil for seedlings in a greenhouse and at home

If you decide to make the soil for seedlings with your own hands, then you need to take care of it in advance and prepare soddy soil, manure humus, non-acidic peat, coarse river sand, lime (chalk, dolomite flour), wood ash, mineral fertilizers, sawdust, etc. Of course , not all of this must necessarily enter the mixture. From these components, you can choose what you have and make up the soil mixture from them in the required amount. For example, soil for seedlings at home from soil for seedlings in a greenhouse may differ in the quantitative content of manure (less at home, more in a greenhouse), because inhaling its vapors is an unpleasant occupation. Some components are interchangeable. For example, instead of humus or compost, you can use vermicompost (vermicompost).

So, we are preparing the soil for seedlings on our own, but first check out some of the recipes that are most popular with gardeners. The composition of the soil for seedlings can be as follows:

• peat, soddy land, humus (compost) and sawdust (coarse-grained sand) (3:2:4: 1);
• peat, compost and sawdust (3:5:1);
• humus, soddy land and coarse sand (2:2:1);
• sod land and manure humus (1:1);
• peat, humus and sawdust (2:2:1);
• humus and peat (2: 2);
• soddy ground, humus and mullein (3:6:1);
• peat, humus, soddy soil and mullein (5:3:1:1).

In the soil for seedlings, prepared with your own hands, add an additional 2 tbsp to a bucket of each mixture. wood ash and 1 tbsp. superphosphate.

Quality soil for seedlings: how to prepare the soil

Sod land deserves a few words. This component is included in many mixtures of high-quality soil for seedlings, since it is nutritious (contains decayed plant and animal residues), porosity and retains moisture well, but it is not prone to compaction and does not allow excess moisture to stagnate.

Before preparing the soil for seedlings, in order to get real sod land, it is necessary at the end of June to cut layers of sod 20-30 cm wide and 8-12 cm thick (any length can be) and stacked (width and height - 1.2 -1.5 m). The bottom row consists of layers laid with grass up, manure and another row of turf with grass down should be laid on it. If the soil is wet, then it is enough to sprinkle the layers with phosphorite flour (5 kg / m1) and lime (2-3 kg / m3), if it is dry, then pour it with water, and even better with slurry (this will accelerate decomposition). When all the sod is in place, lift the edges of the stack to create a depression. It will retain liquid after moistening.

In the summer of next year, shovel the earth at least 2 times, and in the fall, sift through a screen and pour into containers or paper bags. It is impossible to leave it in the open, as it will quickly lose those qualities for which so much time and effort was spent on it. If you decide to prepare the soil for seedlings as best as possible, keep in mind that turf land with the best properties is obtained after 2 seasons.

What soil is needed for seedlings: soil composition

The composition of the soil for seedlings often includes sand. It is best if it is pure river sand that does not contain clay. It is enough to sift it to clear it of stones. Soil with sand in the composition never forms a surface crust, which is a big plus.

When preparing the soil for seedlings, refrain from using quarry sand, since it always contains clay and toxic impurities such as iron or manganese salts (the brightness of the color of the raw material indicates their presence) that negatively affect plants are not excluded.

In mixture recipes, you can find manure or mullein. If you grow seedlings in an equipped greenhouse, there are no contraindications to their use. In the event that we are talking about residential premises, this issue must be approached with knowledge of the matter.

Manure happens:

• fresh, in which straw is clearly visible;
• half-rotted, straw is still visible in it, but it has already darkened and is easily torn;
• rotted, representing a practically homogeneous (homogeneous) mass;
• in the form of manure. This is the best option, because in such manure the nutrients are in exactly the form that is available to plants to the greatest extent.

And what kind of manure for the soil is better when growing seedlings in a residential area? As a component of the soil mixture at home, only manure humus can be used, which is good not only in terms of hygiene, aesthetics, but also useful for plants.

When preparing the soil for seedlings, compost is also used, which still needs to be properly prepared, since a pile in the corner of the site, consisting of food waste and weeds, has absolutely nothing to do with a real compost pile. If heating is not provided during its preparation, then plant residues and everything else that is usually folded into compost will simply slowly decompose, losing nutrients and accumulating harmful microorganisms. For seedlings, only mature compost is suitable, obtained in the process of aerobic decomposition (that is, in the presence of oxygen) and accompanied by heating.

Soil preparation for planting seedlings: soil preparation

When preparing the soil for seedlings, in order for the composting to turn out to be crumbly earth of a dark color, some rules must be observed:

1. In addition to organic substances that quickly decompose (manure, plant residues, etc.), slowly decomposing sawdust, shavings, chopped stems, leaves and garden soil are a necessary component of compost, and not in an arbitrary, but in a strictly defined ratio -1: 1: 0 ,5.
2. Lay compostable materials in layers, the last of them should be earth. If this requirement is not met, plant residues are compressed and begin to prevent the penetration of oxygen deep into the stack.
3. When laying compost, moisten the layers and sprinkle them with lime. The maturation of the compost speeds up the watering of the slurry, but waterlogging and drying out are equally harmful to the compost.
4. To ensure heating up to 55-70 ° C, the compost pile must have sufficiently large dimensions - 1.5 x 1.5 x 1.5 m.

Subject to the above conditions, the compost will mature in 5-7 months, during which it must be shoveled several times so that the process proceeds evenly, and in winter the pile must be covered with dry leaves. When the compost is ready, sift it. Use everything that is not sufficiently decomposed to lay the next pile, and add a small fraction to the seedling soil mixture.

If you want to additionally make sure that the compost is ready for use, conduct the following test: prepare shallow containers, fill one of them with sand and the other with compost, moisten them and evenly distribute watercress seeds over the surface, then place them in transparent plastic bags . When the seeds begin to germinate, compare their number and root length in both containers. If the result of seeds germinated on compost is worse, it means that it has not yet matured.

The composition of the soil for sowing seeds for seedlings may also include peat. It is usually sold in specialized stores, but you can also check its quality. Do the same test as for the compost, but replace the watercress with a radish.

If for some reason you have not prepared the soil for seedlings, the soil can be bought at the store. Such mixtures are wet and dry. The latter are more profitable, since you yourself are able to add the necessary amount of water to them in order to get 6 liters of soil from a dry briquette weighing 750 g. There are mixtures specially designed for individual crops - sweet peppers, eggplants, tomatoes (the difference is in the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), and universal ones. In them, you can sow seeds, and seedlings dive. However, gardeners, especially beginners, should be careful. Recently, in the literature there are unflattering reviews about the quality of purchased soil mixtures. They write that it often smells of mold or ammonia from a freshly opened bag (the first means that the pound is infected with mushrooms, and the second means that it contains a large amount of undecomposed organic matter), that often the soil contains harmful microorganisms, or even completely represents depleted soil, thrown out of greenhouses. In this regard, it is recommended to buy soil from well-known manufacturers with a good reputation.

Ideal soil for sowing seeds for seedlings

Regardless of which soil you are going to use, there are general requirements that must be taken into account:

1. The non-toxicity of the components of the soil mixture is the main condition, and do not be misled by the black color of the soil (in our minds, the connection between chernozem and fertility is strong).
2. The components of the ideal soil for seedlings should be free from pathogens and fungi, since seedlings are highly sensitive to them, which is why seedlings often suffer from black leg, root rot, etc. In this regard, the greatest danger is soil from a garden or vegetable garden, not undergone the necessary pre-treatment (for example, steaming in a water bath), and compost obtained without heating.
3. If the composition of the soil for seedlings includes materials of organic origin, they should not quickly decompose, significantly raising the temperature of the soil, because at 30 ° C the roots of the seedlings die off. With a small volume of soil, this is, of course, unlikely, but it is impossible not to foresee the active absorption of nitrogen that occurs during this process.
4. It is equally important that the components form a mixture that will not harden and form a soil crust, which is typical in the presence of clay in it.
5. The rule, which has no exceptions, states that if the main component of the soil for seedlings of vegetable crops has been sterilized, it must be mandatory to introduce a bio-additive with beneficial microflora, in particular biohumus (a product of organic waste processing by California red worm). Of course, it is more common to add manure or bird droppings, but believe me, for seedlings this will not be the best choice. Bioadditives differ in that they are not infected with pathogens, fungal spores, eggs of helminths and harmful insects, and also do not contain weed seeds. In addition, their potential as fertilizers is immeasurably higher. For example, biohumus is 10-20 times more effective than manure. Do not confuse the amount of nutrients in the right soil for seedlings with a complex of beneficial microorganisms. Bioadditives act indirectly. They do not increase the nutritional value of the pound, but increase the fertility of the soil. When adding them to the seedling soil mixture, you enrich it with useful microflora - an antagonist of cut-in microorganisms, which means that you take care of the health of seedlings and seedlings.

Do-it-yourself soil cultivation before planting seedlings

If you are going to prepare seedlings for your own use, then mixtures based on various types of soil (turf, compost, leaf, etc.) are quite suitable. When growing seedlings for sale, when the number of boxes is not 10 pieces, but several hundred, when it becomes necessary to rearrange or turn the boxes, then the weight of the soil mixture turns into tens of kilofamm, and I want to find a recipe for such a mixture so that it is as light as possible and does not harm health gardener, but at the same time retained all the qualities necessary for plants. One such option is a sawdust-based substrate (it was tested over 10 years ago and earned quite high marks). It is advisable to use rotted sawdust, but if one cannot be found, fresh ones can also be used, but they will have to be pre-treated in a special way.

When cultivating the soil for seedlings of this, dissolve 200 g of ammonium nitrate in 10 liters of water, fill it with sawdust (this amount is enough for 3 buckets), mix, cover the container with black plastic wrap and leave at a temperature of at least 20 ° C (especially good if you have a greenhouse). Sawdust are considered ready for use when they darken and lose their specific smell.

The process described above is called fermentation. Before preparing the soil for seedlings, it should be done without fail, because if fresh sawdust is used, the nitrogen that will be added to the mixture as part of a nitrogen or complex fertilizer will be spent to decompose the sawdust. Consequently, your plants will be left without the necessary nutrition, which will naturally affect the quality of the seedlings.

When the seedling growing season approaches, combine the sawdust substrate with mineral fertilizers - superphosphate and potassium sulfate (15 g per bucket), scatter in boxes with a layer of about 6 cm, add soil mixture for seedlings on top, then pour with bio-fertilizer and cover with plastic wrap. If you clearly followed all the recommendations on how to make soil for seedlings, after 1 week the substrate will be ready for use. The seedlings in it feel great and develop well, and the boxes weigh almost nothing.

Preparing soil for seedlings: how to make high-quality soil

Also, on the basis of sawdust, you can make the soil for seedlings, as described below.

Combine fermented sawdust with coarse-grained river sand in a ratio of 3: 1. Pour 30 g of lime and 15 g of complex fertilizer (for example, nitroammophoska) into 1 bucket of the mixture. Mineral fertilizer will successfully replace a 10% aqueous solution of mullein - fresh cattle manure.

The next stage of the operation called “Preparing soil for seedlings with our own hands” is filling the planting boxes or individual containers with the resulting soil mixture. Do not forget to pour drainage to the bottom, the role of which will be played well by crushed eggshells, fine expanded clay or perlite (volcanic glass in the form of small balls), if possible. Next comes watering. When preparing the soil for seedlings, it is necessary to adhere to a certain technique. Do not immediately pour in a large amount of water. Do this gradually, in small portions, be sure to mix the soil with your hands so that the moisture is evenly distributed throughout the volume. There should not be dry areas left, since then moisture will flow around them, and watering will not be uniform, as a result of which the plants will suffer. In addition, it is more convenient to sow seeds and dive seedlings in a wet pound.

The optimum moisture content of the mixture when preparing the soil for seedlings is 75-85%. To check if you did everything right, collect a little soil in a handful and squeeze. Water not dripping? Then open your hand.

The lump of soil did not crumble and did not crack? So you have done everything right.

After working the soil before planting seedlings, level the surface of the soil and be sure to check the corners so that they are also filled. Remove excess soil by running a regular plank along the sides of the box. So that the soil settles a little, carefully moisten it. Now everything is ready for sowing seeds.

And how to prepare the soil for seedlings if you plan to grow seedlings of different varieties of the same crop? In this case, care must be taken not to confuse them. This method is often used: the boxes are numbered, and the numbers are applied to all their sides with oil paint, which allows, without disturbing the plant and without turning the container, to know exactly what kind of crop is sown or picked in it, since at the same time a diary is kept in which It is written what is in which box. In addition, during the season, it records data on when the sowing was started, when the picking took place, which varieties turned out to be the best and which did not live up to expectations, etc. These records can be used in subsequent years, which is very convenient. This technique is recommended primarily for those who grow a large number of seedlings for their further implementation.

Why is it important to know how to make soil for seedlings

It may seem redundant to a novice gardener to attach such importance to soil mixtures for seedlings. Why is it so important to know? It would seem that it could be easier than pouring garden soil into boxes (you can add fertilizer to it), because vegetables grow in it, and often not bad at all! Isn't this a fuss, is it a far-fetched problem to create additional difficulties and discourage the desire to engage in gardening? All of the above should have convinced you that growing seedlings is a technology that must be followed if you want to get not just what you can, but plants that will give a bountiful harvest. Therefore, the formation of the soil mixture is far from being an idle, but downright urgent issue.

Regarding garden land, the following must be said. Of course, it is possible to increase the fertility of such a soil by filling it in an appropriate way, but it will not work to change its physical characteristics, and this is what is most important when growing seedlings. Usually, garden soil is poor in humus and in most cases does not have a water-resistant structure, which is as follows: when watering, water is not absorbed immediately, but remains on the surface for some time and only then slowly penetrates inside. As a result, an unsatisfactory air regime of the soil arises, a crust forms on its surface, which further prevents soil aeration. In addition, garden soil is usually contaminated with pathogens, fungal spores and contains weed seeds. And if we add to the above that seedlings are grown in a residential area, then what plants can withstand the onslaught of so many negative factors!

All of the above in the aggregate leads to the conclusion that it is undesirable to use garden land for those purposes of obtaining high-quality seedlings.

How to prepare the soil for seedlings: healing the earth

Since circumstances can be different, in connection with which it is sometimes necessary to use garden land, you should be aware of some ways to improve it.

The negative side of land sterilization when preparing soil for seedlings is that along with pathogenic microorganisms, beneficial microorganisms that help grow plants are also destroyed. Moreover, the soil after this does not remain completely clean for long, since, for example, fungal spores can be in the air. To reduce the risk of this development, put the treated soil in bags and tie them tightly, and when it comes time to scatter it into boxes and moisten, add biohumus or supercompost to it.

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We select components for the soil

For this, a solution of copper sulfate is prepared (1 tablespoon per bucket of water), which we then pour over the prepared area. In a greenhouse made of film, but not heated, seedlings can be planted in the first decade of April. Planting pattern 60-70 by 20-30 cm. Before transplanting, the seedlings are well watered. On a hot day, it is better to plant seedlings in the afternoon, and on a cloudy day, in the morning. Each well is watered with thermal water, at the rate of 1-2 liters per well. Next, we take out the seedlings from the pots and plant them a little deeper than they grew before. This approach makes it possible to form adventitious roots on the main stem.

In general, peppers like high temperatures and normal humidity. The site is better to choose sunny and as protected from the winds as possible. The best option is the south side of the house. If there is no natural protection from the wind, you can build an artificial whip from twigs or other improvised material. The most suitable version of the predecessors of pepper is considered to be cucumber, cabbage, representatives of the legume family and table root vegetables, such as beets or carrots.

• pepper seeds germinate very slowly Be sure to monitor the temperature fluctuations in the pots, the allowable rate: from + 15 ° C to + 13 ° C.
• The container with seedlings needs to be turned all the time relative to the window so that the seedlings do not lean (you can highlight it with a phytolamp). Arrange the seeds so that they are between two layers of moistened clean tissue;
• To do this, we need a capacious colander and a pan, selected in such a way that it does not fall into it. Pour enough water into the pan so that it reaches the bottom of the colander, but does not show through its holes inside. Then we collect a full colander of soil, put it on a saucepan, cover it with a lid on top. The soil should be steamed for one to two hours over low heat. This method does not destroy minerals and trace elements, but at the same time it destroys fungus, bacteria, larvae, and insect eggs. After this procedure, it is recommended to "populate" the soil with beneficial microorganisms. For this, the Baikal tool or similar ones are the best suited. First method. It is good to pour the prepared fertile mixture with a solution of potassium permanganate (3 g per 10 liters of water), and then carry out additional treatment with antifungal drugs.
• To one part of sod land add 1 part of peat and river sand. The resulting composition is thoroughly mixed, after which it is well watered with a nutrient solution consisting of 25-30 grams of superphosphate, potassium sulfate and 10 grams of carbamide per 10 liters of water. In addition to peat, the soil for seedlings acquires good porosity after the addition of coarse-grained river sand. It is this component that creates the best conditions for growing garden plants in seedlings. River sand and peat can replace sawdust, but before using them, they must be treated with boiling water.

We mix the components

The guarantee of a good harvest of tomatoes, cabbage, peppers and eggplant from your summer cottage will be properly grown seedlings. Therefore, first of all, you need to take care of the soil in which the seeds will germinate. The soil mixture for seedlings must meet certain characteristics. It should have good porosity, looseness and not too acidic. Such indicators can be achieved provided that the soil for seedlings is properly prepared.

Low-growing varieties with early ripening are planted in a row after 15 cm or 30-40 cm, but two plants per hole. After planting in the ground between the rows, they immediately loosen.

You should not plant pepper in the place where potatoes or tomatoes used to grow, because young seedlings can automatically get a whole “bouquet” of diseases of their predecessors through the soil.

- It happens that you have to wait up to three weeks. That is why they should be sown about three months before they settle in a permanent place of residence in a greenhouse, under a film or in open ground. Young gardeners often make mistakes in terms of planting. Let's say right away - late sowing leads to the fact that the crop will not be obtained due to late flowering at the end of summer, the maximum that you can count on is small "non-peppers".

Before planting in the ground, peppers must be fed at least twice. Namely: 14 days after picking and 14 days after the first feeding. Usually, the under-edges are applied in liquid form. For ease of use, you can buy already prepared fertilizers for seedlings. Here are some of the most used: Agricola, Fertika Lux, Krepysh, Mortar. Start transferring seedlings into large pots (0.8 - 1 l) should be at the end of spring. Transshipment must be treated with great care and attention so that the earthen clod is preserved. In this case, the seedlings continue to grow. You can use the soil composition that was intended for sowing and picking. But this time it should not be sifted in the same way as with a lumpy structure there is more access to the roots for air. Then add 1 tablespoon of double superphosphate, half a glass of wood ash to a bucket of soil mixture. Wood ash can be replaced with three tablespoons of Senor Tomato pepper and tomato fertilizer. 14 days before planting in the ground, hardening should begin in the fresh air, taking into account the preservation of seedlings from direct sunlight.

• How to prepare sweet pepper seeds for sowing. Seed sowing technology. Detailed instructions, nuances, tips - in this video.​
• cover them to retain moisture;

The next way to disinfect the land before planting seeds for seedlings is to treat it with a weak solution of manganese. This process is very simple. In a liter jar, half a gram of dry potassium permanganate should be diluted, and the soil should be treated with the resulting solution.

• Method two. Land for seedlings is placed in a cloth bag or in a perforated container and set to steam for 45 minutes. You can, of course, ignite the earth in the oven, but along with pathogenic microbes, the necessary nutrients also disappear.

Soddy soil, peat and humus are mixed in equal proportions. To the resulting mixture, you can add a couple of matchboxes of superphosphate and 0.5 liters of cans of ash.

• leafy earth

A typical mistake novice gardeners make is to sow seeds in ordinary soil taken from their garden. Therefore, many fail in growing seedlings of vegetables at home and prefer to buy plants ready for planting. The secret to getting good seedlings is to properly prepare the soil for seedlings. Therefore, we will prepare it ourselves, especially since there is nothing complicated in this process.

Soil disinfection

Pepper is subject to pollination, so if you plan to plant several varieties at once, then try to plant them at the maximum distance from each other or protect them by planting corn or sunflower.

1. Soil for pepper should have at least three qualities: fertility, high drainage and good moisture retention. Site preparation begins in the fall, when the remains of the previous plant are carefully removed, and then the soil is dug up. Before digging, the soil is fertilized with a mixture of superphosphate (30-50 g), wood ash (50-80 g) and rotted manure or humus (5-10 kg). All figures are based on 1 square meter. Remember, fresh manure is pepper's worst enemy. Does not need pepper and organic additives. This is due to the sensitivity of the plant to dissolved nitrogen in the soil, and if there is a lot of it, then the plant directs all its forces to the development of the leaves, respectively, there is a threat to preserve the ovary and ripen the fruits as a whole.
2. Let's start with soil preparation: before planting, the soil must be shed with boiling water and potassium permanganate, and the next day, level the surface, compact and make grooves at a distance of about five centimeters. The distance between the seeds should be at least two centimeters, and the depth should be 1-1.5 cm. Then we drop it in and carefully moisten it with warm water (preferably from a spray bottle). Until the seeds germinate, it is advisable to cover them with a film for the longest possible preservation of moisture and maintaining the same temperature.

It should be remembered that landing in the ground begins only when both conditions are met: a stable average daily air temperature of +15 ... + 17 ° С and the beginning of the formation of the first buds.

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Preparing the land for seedlings

To avoid the risk of damage to plants, pepper dive at the stage of two true leaves without deepening or deepening only half a centimeter and no more. There is also another way: seedlings best tolerate picking at the cotyledon stage and therefore at this moment you can also dive. When using this method, deepening is allowed to the level of cotyledon leaves. Most often, this picking method is used for growing in greenhouses. But for growing at home, the first method is more suitable. 1-2 true leaves of the seedling appear after 3-4 weeks after germination. This is the most optimal for picking peppers at home. Preliminary, it is quite good to shed the soil in the container, and then wait for the water to drain onto the pan. Since the development period of pepper takes a considerable amount of time, it should be dived into small pots with a volume of about 100-150 ml. In such pots, seedlings can master an earthen clod much faster, as a result of which the earth then does not turn sour during watering and the roots are less damaged by rot. The sequence of actions when picking seedlings:

Put the seeds in place with a constant temperature of + 25 ° C.

The next way to prepare the land for

After the disinfection process, seed material can be placed in the earth nutrient mixture. Prepared soil for seedlings in accordance with all the rules will guarantee a high and stable harvest in your summer cottage. Have a good season!​

To prepare the soil for seedlings of cabbage you will need:

. A distinctive feature of this type of soil is its high friability, but the low nutrient content does not allow it to be used as the main soil for seedlings. Therefore, its use is possible only after combining with other types of soil. Leafy land is most often collected in a forest belt where deciduous trees grow. Vegetable growers do not recommend using land collected under willow, oak or chestnut, as it will not work out of it to prepare soil for seedlings of good quality: it is too saturated with tannins.

The soil for seedlings of tomatoes, peppers, cabbage, eggplant and cucumbers should consist of the following components:

Planting peppers by direct planting seeds in the ground is not advisable even in warm countries, because you still have to wait until the soil warms up, and this, accordingly, leads to a delay in the ripening of fruits, in general. After applying the fertilizer, the site is deeply dug up, and in the spring it is loosened and fertilized with phosphorus and potash fertilizers. For 1 square meter, it is enough to add about 30 grams of each of the fertilizers. Immediately before planting, the earth is slightly dug up and the surface is well leveled.

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We grow seedlings of pepper at home

Let's dwell a little on the preparation of seeds. Many years of experience have shown that those seeds that have been in the refrigerator a week before germination in the fruit compartment (or where the temperature is not very low) germinate faster. Of course, some gardeners plant peppers without sprouting. Such planting material has its advantages: it is most resistant to drought and frost, although seedlings emerge much later.

Cold heavy soils are not suitable for peppers, so they can be diluted with peat or humus. After the soil is dug up to the depth of the spade bayonet and leveled. Planting holes are made at a distance of half a meter from each other. The depth of the hole should be equal to the height of the earthen coma. Then 1 tablespoon of a complete mineral fertilizer is added to the hole, which consists of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. After the plant is carefully removed from the pot and placed in the hole. The hole is filled up so that the bulk of the roots become closed. You need to pour about as much water as a third of a bucket. After the water is completely absorbed, part of the hole is filled with loose earth. Then the plantings need to be mulched with peat and, if necessary, tie up the bushes. At temperatures below +13 ... + 14 ° С at night, plants should be covered in arcs with non-woven material.​

Seedling preparation times

You need to carefully take the seedlings by the "ears" and then place them in the hole in the pot so that the roots are freely located there, without bending;

Seed preparation

​IMPORTANT! After 1-2 weeks, the seeds will peck and therefore this moment should not be missed, as the roots of the peppers are quite fragile and unable to tolerate damage of any kind.

1. seedlings, this is the treatment with insecticides and fungicides. In order to destroy the larvae and eggs of insects, you can use the solution "Aktara" or "Aktellika", and to destroy bacteria and fungus, we will use "Fundazol" or the drug "Fuselad-super". This method is the most effective, but also the most insecure. Most of these drugs pose a direct threat to the health of animals and people, so you should be extremely careful in the dosage and use of the solution. Another obvious plus of this method is the long-term effect. The fact is that when watering, plants will also absorb chemicals, so they will be inedible for pests.
2. How to start preparing for sowing seeds for seedlings? Of course, with the preparation of the soil mixture! Gardeners who are too lazy to make land suitable for seedlings with their own hands are often faced with the fact that the seeds simply do not germinate in the purchased substrate. This is immediately blamed on "unscrupulous" manufacturers, but often the reason lies not in the substrate itself, but in its illiterate application. Many believe that if you plant seeds in the most enriched soil, then everything will sprout as well as possible, but this judgment is fundamentally wrong. In this material, we will tell you how to properly prepare the land for seedlings so that it grows strong and healthy in it.
3. Mix humus (compost), leaf soil and river sand 1:2:1. For a bucket of this mixture, 1 cup (200g) of ash, 0.5 cups of lime - fluff, 1 matchbox of potassium sulfate and 3 matchboxes of superphosphate will not be superfluous. If it is not possible to use mineral fertilizers, then they can be replaced with ash in the amount of 3 glasses.

Preparing the soil for seedlings is not a very difficult process, but it still requires some effort and free time from the vegetable grower. Therefore, many prefer not to bother and purchase a ready-made soil mixture. However, not all manufacturers of such products are conscientious, and it is possible to purchase peat land with an acidic environment. Even if mineral fertilizers are added to it, good seed germination and strong seedlings can not be obtained.

substrate for seedlings

Humus

Sowing

For successful development and a good harvest, it is important to organize proper watering, timely loosening and high-quality seed dressing.

1. You should start working with seeds as early as mid-February, so that in May, when it becomes necessary to transplant seedlings into open ground, the plants are 90-100 days old. It is better to sow the seeds immediately in peat bags with a diameter of 8-10 cm. This measure is necessary because the pepper does not tolerate the dive process. Large pots should also not be taken, since the root system of the plant is very small at this time.
2. As for the quality of the seeds, before soaking, it is worth lowering them into a weak solution of sodium chloride and leaving for a few minutes. Poor-quality planting material will pop up, and then it should be removed.
3. It is very important to dive the sprouts correctly, the further development of the plant depends on this. How to do it - see this video.​

Video "Sowing sweet pepper seeds"

After that, you need to sprinkle the hole with a small amount of soil and compact;

Picking and feeding

In order to grow high-quality pepper seedlings, it is necessary to prepare sufficiently fertile soil. That is why the substrate must be prepared very carefully and carefully. To begin with, it must be said that the earth from the garden is not very suitable for preparing a substrate, and especially if it has high acidity, it is clayey and heavy. The soil must be moisture-intensive, loose, contain the required amount of nutrients, have a neutral reaction and be free from pests and pathogens. In such a case, many gardeners and summer residents have their own recipe for preparing a soil mixture. An example of this would be a commonly used mixture of humus with turf soil and beach sand. Substrate proportions respectively: 3:3:1. An alternative to sod land can be peat. Then a glass of wood ash is added to a bucket of such a mixture. For beginner summer residents, in order to avoid failures, special soil is sold in specialized stores. For example, the highly nutritious Biogrunt substrate, which can be purchased at any gardening store.​

1. Bell pepper has many health benefits. And all thanks to its composition, which includes vitamins C, P, A, a group of vitamins B and minerals. Based on this, we can say that bell pepper is an invaluable vegetable, but, unfortunately, it cannot be seen on store shelves all year round. The solution to this problem can be growing pepper seedlings at home.
2. ​General information​
3. The soil for seedlings of cucumbers, pumpkins, melons, watermelons is prepared in the following composition:
4. For this reason, the soil for seedlings of tomatoes, cabbage, peppers and eggplant is prepared by experienced gardeners with their own hands. It is best to do this process in the fall, and by spring the soil for seedlings will settle and sit down. If you leave it for storage in the barn, then it will also freeze well, which will only benefit him.
5. . It is obtained from rotted manure or plants, which makes this soil the most nutritious and fertile of all existing types of soil.
6. Water is one of the most important components of successful plant survival after transplantation. Therefore, during the first week, you need to water every two days, using 1-2 liters of water per bush. If the weather is very hot, you can water every day. A week later, they inspect the bed, and instead of the dead plants, reserve seedling bushes are planted. At the same time, further watering is reduced. On hot days, watering is carried out in the morning and evening hours, and during harvesting, watering is reduced to 1 time in 5-6 days.

An earthen mixture for planting is taken of the following composition: 2 parts of humus, 1 part of sand and 1 part of earth. After, it is necessary to add table ash - for 1 kg 1 tbsp. the spoon. In order for the seeds in peat bags to germinate, additional preparation is necessary. To do this, the seeds are kept for 5 hours in water, the temperature of which is about 50 degrees Celsius. The next 2-3 days they are in damp cotton fabric. This period is sufficient for the seeds to peck. Such preparation allows one day after sowing in peat bags to give the first sprouts. After making the seeds into the ground, the sowing is well watered and covered with a film or glass. Before germination, it is important to provide heat in the room (up to 22 degrees Celsius), but as for lighting, you can leave the crops for this time even in the dark.

Landing in the ground

Today in stores there is a huge selection of products that stimulate plant germination, whether to use them or not - the choice is yours, just remember that the soaking temperature should be 30-50 degrees Celsius. prepare for this and what secrets of growing seedlings exist you will learn from this article. Designed for a wide range of readers.​

Video "Dive seedlings of sweet pepper"

We must not forget that the root neck can only be deepened by half a centimeter;

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Time to prepare pepper seedlings

The sowing bowl must first be washed in a solution of potassium permanganate, then filled with the prepared substrate and slightly compacted so that it is about 2 cm from the soil to the edge of the dish. 2 cm. It is not necessary to sow the seeds thicker, because, as a result, pepper seedlings can shade each other and, as a result, stretch. Then you need to fill up a layer of soil mixture from above with a height of about 1 to 1.5 cm. After that, compact it a little again. Watering is required to pay special attention and ensure that the pepper seeds are not washed out to the surface of the soil. Then assign notes with the names of varieties to the containers with crops. To retain moisture as long as possible, crops are placed in a greenhouse. The constant temperature should be +25°C. A week later, shoots appear. You should follow certain rules for caring for them:

Growing pepper seedlings at home is not a difficult task. For good yields, you need to know the intricacies of watering, temperature fluctuations, and how to properly and successfully transplant plant stems so that they do not coarsen.

To understand the general principle that determines which land will be the best for growing seedlings of a particular crop, you need to know one simple rule. The soil mixture should match the composition of the one where the plant will grow in the future to the maximum. But this does not mean at all that you should use the land from your garden for this. The best option that suits most crops is the topsoil from under acacia trees. If acacias do not grow near your house, then you can use a purchased mixture, but before that it should be processed, because it may contain pathogenic microorganisms. For these purposes, the soil can be treated with fungicides or steamed in a water bath. Cultivation of land for seedlings is one of the key points, because pathogenic bacteria can “doze off” in the soil. In addition, the soil may contain both larvae and eggs of insect pests that are not averse to snacking on your young plants. If for each type of seedling it is necessary to choose its own composition of the soil, then the methods of its processing are always the same, we will talk about this later. Mix one bucket of leafy soil with the same amount of humus. 1 glass (200g) of ash is poured into the resulting mixture, up to 10 g. potassium sulfate, and about 20 gr. superphosphate. Everything is thoroughly mixed. Preparing the soil for seedlings begins with the process of mixing the earth. To do this, spread the polyethylene on the ground and pour out each component in the required proportions.

Soil preparation for pepper

For pepper, the soil must always be loose, since the formation of a soil crust has a detrimental effect on the nutrition of the plant. Loosening allows the roots to get more air, and also stimulates the work of microorganisms in the soil. Therefore, after watering and rain, the soil must be loosened, except for the first two weeks. During this period, the plant grows slowly, as the main emphasis is on strengthening the root system. After this period, after watering, loosening is carried out, while quite deep.

Rejection of pepper seeds

As soon as shoots appear, we transfer the seedlings to a warmer place (during the day the temperature should be 26-28 degrees, at night about 10-15). Do not get carried away with frequent watering of seedlings, as excess moisture can cause a disease such as black leg. Watering should be carried out with water, the temperature of which is about 30 degrees Celsius. Do not forget about the humidity of the air, and also periodically spray the plants, and ventilate the rooms where the seedlings are located, but avoid drafts. There are still very few sunny days in February, so it is advisable to carry out additional artificial lighting during this period from 7 am to 9 pm.​

Temperature regime

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So, the new year has already arrived, which means that it is time for us - gardeners and gardeners to start preparing planting material this garden season. Probably the very first plant that you will have to meet is pepper.

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Watering should be done carefully and until the water is absorbed, while holding the seedling;

Preparing the site for planting peppers

Put the crops in a bright place, the temperature of which will be + 15-17 ° C;

The most optimal period for sowing seedlings are the days from February 20 to March 10. So, as in pepper, the fruits begin to ripen 100-150 days after shoots have appeared, and seedlings must be planted at the age of 60 to 80 days. If you know the characteristics of the variety, then you can independently calculate more accurate sowing dates.​

The New Year is coming into its own. The garden is snowy and cold. However, it is in the first winter months that vegetable growers open the season. What is the reason for such early sowing? These are the features of growing vegetable products, which will take from 90 to 150 days to technical ripeness. The seedling method allows you to speed up the ripening of vegetables. The date of sowing seeds in greenhouse conditions depends on the individual characteristics of the crop and its variety. When determining the sowing time, it is necessary to calculate the required run for the plant. You shouldn't rush. This can lead to a decrease in the quality of seedlings.

Basic conditions for obtaining planting material

Getting a good harvest of vegetables depends on the quality of the seedlings. To get quality you need:

But before you prepare the seeds and start sowing, you should take care of seedlings and soil.

Soil preparation

How to prepare the land for seedlings? This question is quite important when growing plants indoors. Inexperienced vegetable growers do not pay enough attention to this issue. And as a result, the shoots that appear begin to hurt and die. Let's try to figure out what is the reason. When choosing a soil, you can do several things:

• purchase ready-made soil;
• prepare the soil composition yourself.

Ready soil can be found in specialized stores. Usually this is a universal soil mixture intended for growing vegetable seedlings. But based on the experience of many vegetable growers, it is safe to say that the second way to use the soil is more reliable. It is better to worry in advance and cook it yourself in the autumn period.

Basic requirements for soil composition for vegetable seedlings

Before you prepare the land for seedlings, you should take into account its features. The soil composition should ensure the normal development and growth of a particular vegetable crop. This land has the following requirements:

• fertility;
• the content of the necessary set of trace elements;
• neutral level of acidity;
• sufficient friability and permeability;
• lack of seeds of weeds and pests;
• exclusion of infections and toxic substances.

Components used in the preparation of earth mixture and substrate

The best soil for seedlings can be formulated using various organic and inorganic components in strictly defined proportions. As a rule, it includes from three to four components.

Sod land is the top layer of soil covered with grass cover. It is harvested in summer or autumn. A thin layer of soil cut with a shovel is placed in containers for further use. Sod land is used after special preparation. Also, before use, it is subjected to heat treatment. It is used as the basis of soil for seedlings.

Transitional or lowland) - decomposed dead plants. Enriches the soil with organic matter and improves its structure.

Sphagnum moss is a perennial plant. In the composition of the earth mixture, it is indispensable. The moisture capacity of moss improves the quality of the soil, which acquires a looser structure. The natural bactericidal properties of the plant are an excellent remedy for root rot.

Sawdust - waste after wood processing. Provides looseness and permeability of the soil.

Compost is organic matter decomposed by microorganisms. It is an excellent natural conditioner. The content of humus and trace elements provides plant nutrition.

Sand is used to increase the porosity and looseness of the soil. Promotes the penetration of moisture and air to seedlings. Coarse-grained structures are applied.

Coir - coconut flakes. Used to prepare substrates.

Vermiculite is a mineral consisting of layered plates. Possessing good moisture capacity, this component prevents the soil from drying out.

Perlite is a light porous material. To obtain it, volcanic materials are subjected to heat treatment. The addition of perlite to the earth mixture makes it loose and breathable. It also increases the moisture content of the soil mixture.

In addition to the components listed above, others are shaded that increase moisture capacity, such as:

• hydrogel;
• expanded clay;
• shredded foam.

To reduce the acidity of the soil, it is useful to use following components:

• fluffy lime;
• dolomite flour.

Land for seedlings should be ready for sowing. The preparation of components for it is carried out in the autumn. Store them in polyethylene containers at zero temperature.

Components that should not be used in soil preparation

In order for the planting material to be strong and healthy, before preparing the land for seedlings, you need to know about the components that are not desirable to use in earth mixtures. Quite often the question arises about the use of land from the garden. This is undesirable. The reason is that seeds can be present in it as well as destructive infections. Insects and earthworms can live in such soil. Also, fresh manure should not be included in the composition of the soil. Do not use immature compost and untreated sod land.

Soil preparation for seedlings

Before preparing the land for seedlings, determine the soil composition intended for a particular crop. Growing certain vegetables has individual characteristics. And of course it can be different. Land for tomato seedlings may have the following composition:

• two parts of sod land;
• one part of compost or peat;
• one part sand or perlite.

Placed in a bulk container. It should not contain lumps. The soil is kneaded and mixed well. Compost or peat is added to it. The soil mixture must be homogeneous. After adding sand or perlite to combine all the components, the soil is thoroughly mixed. Land for tomato seedlings is ready. It is transferred to containers for sowing seeds.

Land for seedlings of pepper can be the same as for tomatoes. You can use a different composition:

• three parts of sod land;
• one part of compost;
• one part sawdust;
• one part sand.

Land for seedlings of pepper and tomatoes is prepared in advance. A week before sowing the seeds, the soil is distributed into seedlings and moistened with pink. After that, mineral fertilizers and wood ash can be added.

Substrate preparation for vegetable seedlings

The main component of the above soil compositions is earth. However, it is possible to grow seedlings without land. For this purpose, substrates are prepared instead of ordinary soil. One of the options for the landing composition may be as follows:

• two parts of sawdust;
• one part sand.

Coconut substrate can serve as an interesting option for growing seedlings. It is obtained from the skin of coconuts. This substrate has good performance, the main of which are sterility and environmental friendliness. It is a balanced fertile mixture with good water and breathability. Alternatively, coconut tablets are used to grow seedlings - pressed coconut flakes.

In addition to coconut substrate, peat substrate can be used. Its basis is natural material - peat.

Modern methods of growing planting material

New methods of growing seedlings make it possible to do without soil and substrate. For this purpose, sawdust, paper or hydrogel are used. Growing seedlings without land allows you to get enough planting material in a limited space. For growing on paper, the seeds are pre-soaked. Then they are placed on a damp cloth placed in a plastic container. From above they are covered with polyethylene. Next, make sure that the napkin is damp. After the emergence of sprouts, the seeds are constantly moistened. In this case, the temperature should not fall below 25 degrees.

Wet sawdust can be used to grow vegetable seedlings. Seeds are sown in sawdust treated with boiling water. Seedling containers are covered with foil. After the emergence of shoots, the film is removed. Containers are installed in a well-lit place. Care is regular watering. Also spend 2 subcortex mullein.

Growing seedlings without land has its advantages. The main one is sterility. Eliminates the possibility of infection, weed seeds and pests.

When it comes time to prepare for seed germination, summer residents are looking for the best options to ensure the rapid growth of young plants. Soil plays a major role in this. For seedlings, it is recommended to use a nutrient mixture prepared by oneself.

Some experts argue that in the pursuit of commercial gain and in the face of constant market struggle for the consumer, many manufacturers allow the production of low-quality soil for seedlings, or the wrong combination of useful substances in it. Beginning summer residents who are just learning the basics of gardening may not notice the difference when buying packages with a ready-made fertile mixture. As a result, they get diseased or sluggish plants that are unsuitable for further development and growth.

Soil preparation for seedlings must be carried out in compliance with all rules and regulations, this will provide the plant with the most important push in the entire life cycle. How to properly prepare the soil for seedlings?

There are some general soil requirements:

• Porosity, friability, lightness. Necessary for good air circulation. The access of oxygen to the root system of the future plant is one of the most important growth factors. Why loosen the soil for growing seedlings? This measure is necessary to circulate oxygen and ensure improved metabolism between the soil and the root system.
• Balance. The content of micro- and macroelements in the soil should be in a form accessible to the plant and in the right amount.
• pH level. This indicator regulates the acidity of the soil for seedlings. It is measured using a special device or litmus sticks. Folk methods are also used using 9% vinegar or beets (if beets are planted on the site, its tops, at normal pH, are green with red veins). The neutral indicator should be 6.5-7.0 pH. Soil, the pH of which is below 6 units, should be deoxidized using one of the components - dolomite flour, slaked lime or wood ash.
• Humidity. The soil must not only absorb moisture, but also have the ability to retain it.
• Microflora. The soil (soil) for seedlings must be alive, maintaining a balance of all components. It should not contain clay, as it prevents proper metabolism, air, fertilizer and moisture. Also, when preparing a fertile base, it is not necessary to use humus in the active phase of decomposition (only rotted, well-aged manure). As a rule, this process is accompanied by the release of heat, while the amount of nitrogen is lost, which is highly undesirable for seedlings. Without soil saturated with the necessary amount of nutrients, the future plant will simply lag behind in growth and will not bring the desired result.

Preparing the soil for planting seedlings of each group of vegetables has some features. How to properly prepare the soil at home for the main garden crops?

It should be noted that in gardening stores there are two main groups of mixtures: soil (shredded bark, peat, black soil) and substrate (fine sawdust, sand, perlite, mineral wool).

Secrets of soil preparation for seedlings of cucumbers

Cucumbers are a favorite vegetable of many. They are very healthy and are used both fresh and salted, as well as in various canned assorted salads. As practice shows, it is best to germinate the seeds of cucumbers beforehand. There are special rules for preparing soil for seedlings for this crop. How to make the soil for seedlings correctly?

Many summer residents do not advise using a soil substrate for cucumbers, since it contains artificial processed peat, which turns the earth into a dense lump if the plant is not watered in time. In this case, with further saturation with moisture, it will simply go by. The plant will not receive it in the right amount, which means that the process of its death will begin.

You can independently prepare the soil for seedlings of cucumbers in the following ways:

1. Chernozem, humus, sawdust (it is best to use hardwoods). The proportions are 2:2:1.
2. Soddy, leafy soil and rotted compost. The best option for young cucumber seedlings is equal proportions of these three components.

Common to both options will be the introduction of 1 tbsp. complex fertilizer (). You should also add approximately 3 tbsp. wood ash.

The soil should be cultivated before planting seedlings of cucumbers from spores of various fungi and mold. To do this, pour it with boiling water. Other methods are also used:

• The soil is heated in the oven for 1-2 hours at temperatures up to 200 degrees Celsius.
• Water bath. In this case, the soil mixture is treated with steam, the procedure lasts about an hour.

It should be noted that disinfecting the soil for seedlings will ensure the excellent development of plants and prevent possible problems with potential diseases.

Soil preparation for seedlings of pepper and tomatoes

Reviews of many gardeners say that preparing the soil for seedlings of tomatoes and peppers has some differences from the general methods of creating fertile soil at home. What are they? How to prepare the soil for tomato seedlings and correctly? A combination of rotted humus, washed river sand, pure black soil in equal proportions is the best option. It is also recommended to add wood ash (about 25% of the total mass of the soil mixture). It is necessary to prepare such a composition in the fall. The soil for seedlings of tomatoes and peppers must go through a period of a kind of infusion. During this time, all negative compounds in it are neutralized, and the necessary microflora is created. You can prepare a nutrient mixture immediately before planting seeds in it. In this case, the operation to create a solution from ash is added to the main stages:

• 0.1 kg. wood ash is poured into a 10-liter container with water.
• Mix thoroughly and infuse in a warm room.
• After about 48 hours, the solution is ready for use. They fertilize the soil for seedlings of tomatoes and peppers.

It should be noted that a very important stage in the preparation of fertile soil for these crops is the sifting of each of the three components through a medium sieve.

Decontamination is also recommended. When preparing the soil for and pepper, it is best to use the principle of a steam bath. This is done for two full hours. After this procedure, the nutrient mixture is placed in a container so that it cools down properly.

Experts also recommend saturating the soil for seedlings of tomatoes and peppers. At home, this can be done with crushed eggshells and wood ash. For 10 liters of soil, a composition of mixed ash and shells is added in a ratio of 2: 1 (200 grams of ash and 100 grams of shells).

Such simple steps for preparing fertile soil for your favorite vegetable crops can be done even by a novice summer resident. You just have to follow all the recommendations.

How to prepare the soil for seedlings of cabbage?

Fans of this vegetable probably want to know how to properly grow cabbage seedlings and what is needed to prepare a fertile mixture. There is nothing difficult in this. The main components are lowland peat and humus. By mixing them in equal proportions, we get a base suitable for growing.

Potassium sulphate and superphosphate are added to the composition of the soil for seedlings. These components are mixed 1:3 and placed in a container with a volume of 10 liters.

It should be noted that if it is not possible to purchase this fertilizer, summer residents are advised to add about 300 g of wood ash instead of potassium sulfate and superphosphate.

To achieve a balance of soil acidity, add about one glass of slaked lime to the same volume.

In order for the soil for cabbage seedlings to acquire immunity from fungal and viral diseases, it should be steamed in a steam bath. This is one of the most gentle ways. It has been used by experienced summer residents in personal plots for a very long time. How to disinfect the soil for cabbage seedlings with this method?

It is necessary to pour water into a metal or ceramic container, up to about half. Then wrap the soil mixture in gauze or dense weave and place it over the container. The water is brought to a boil and 35 minutes are recorded from the boiling point. This time is quite enough to complete the cultivation of the soil for seedlings of cabbage. After cooling, young plants can be planted in it.

As can be seen from this whole process, the most scrupulous is the disinfection stage. Everything else can be done without any difficulty.

Proper soil preparation for flower seedlings

Many lovers of dacha farming want to decorate their yard with flower beds of continuous flowering. Hanging pots are also used. To create a unique beauty, you need to grow good planting material. A very important and one of the main conditions for achieving this goal is high-quality soil. For seedlings of flowers, it is recommended to create a nutrient mixture at home with your own hands.

It should be noted that the soil that has already been used previously for growing horticultural crops is detrimental to flowers. Even if you add a specially prepared mixture to it, the quality of the planting material can still suffer significantly.

How to prepare the soil for flower seedlings at home? The classic, generally accepted version, which is used by many summer residents and gardeners, has the following composition:

• Sand. Performs a drainage function. It makes up about 20% of the entire mixture, it is poured into the bottom of the container.
• Chernozem or sod land (20%). It is mixed with peat and poured into a container on the sand.
• Peat. They add it the most - about 60%.

Preparing the soil for flower seedlings also provides for disinfection in one of the ways (steam bath, boiling water).

After all the activities to prepare a high-quality basis for future flowers, mineral fertilizers are applied. For each type and variety of flowers, the proportions and types vary.