Automated workplace: a brief description. Automated workplace as a tool for streamlining management activities

The activities of management employees are currently focused on the use of advanced information technologies.

The organization and implementation of management functions requires a radical change in both the management technology itself and the technical means of information processing, among which the main place is occupied by personal computers (PCs). They are increasingly turning from systems of automatic processing of input information into a means of accumulating the experience of managerial workers, analyzing, evaluating and developing the most effective economic decisions.

The trend towards increased decentralization of management entails distributed processing of information with the decentralization of the use of computer technology and the improvement of the organization of user workplaces.

Automated workplace- a set of information, software and technical resources that provides the end user with data processing and automation of management functions in a specific subject area.

The creation of an automated workplace assumes that the main operations for the accumulation, storage and processing of information are assigned to computers, and the user performs some of the manual operations and operations that require a creative approach when preparing management decisions. Personal equipment is used by the user to control production and economic activities, change the values ​​of individual parameters in the course of solving a problem, as well as enter initial data into an automated information system to solve current problems and analyze control functions.

AWP as a tool for rationalization and intensification of management activities is created to ensure the performance of a certain group of functions. The simplest function of the workstation is information and reference services. Although this function is inherent in any workstation to one degree or another, the features of its implementation significantly depend on the user category.

Workstations have a problem-professional orientation to a specific subject area. Professional workstations are the main tool for communication between a person and computer systems, playing the role of autonomous workplaces. Workstations perform decentralized simultaneous processing of information at the workplaces of performers as part of a distributed database. At the same time, they have access through the system device and communication channels to the PC and database of other users, thus ensuring the joint functioning of the PC in the process of collective processing.

Workstation created on the basis of personal computers (PC) is the simplest and most common version of an automated workplace for employees in the field of organizational management. Such a workstation is considered as a system that, in an interactive mode of operation, provides a specific employee (user) with all types of support exclusively for the entire session of work. This is consistent with the approach to designing such an AWP component as internal information support, according to which the information fund on magnetic media of a particular AWP should be at the exclusive disposal of the AWP user. The user himself performs all the functional duties of converting information.

The creation of a PC-based workstation provides:

Simplicity, convenience and user friendliness;

Ease of adaptation to specific user functions;

Compact placement and low requirements for operating conditions;

High reliability and survivability;

Relatively simple maintenance organization. An effective mode of operation of the workstation is its functioning within the local area network as a workstation. This option is especially appropriate when it is required to “distribute” information and computing resources among several users.

A more complex form is an workstation using a PC as an intelligent terminal, as well as with remote access to the resources of the central (main) computer or an external network. In this case, several PCs are connected via communication channels to the main computer, while each PC can also work as an independent terminal device.

In the most complex systems, workstations can be connected through special equipment not only to the resources of the main computer of the network, but also to various information services and general-purpose systems (news services, national information retrieval systems, databases and knowledge, library systems, etc. ).

The capabilities of the created workstations largely depend on the technical and operational characteristics of the computers on which they are based. In this regard, at the design stage of an automated workplace, requirements are clearly formulated for the basic parameters of technical means for processing and issuing information, a set of component modules, network interfaces, ergonomic parameters of devices, etc.

A prerequisite for the functioning of the workstation is technical support. Information processing tools - computers of different capacities and types - form the basis of the technical support of computer networks. A characteristic feature of the practical use of technical means in organizational and economic management at present is the transition to decentralized and network processing based on a PC.

If a PC is used as a workstation of a small local network, on which all the information necessary for work is centrally stored, the amount of information processed is small. The speed of work is determined not by the speed of the computer, but by the speed of the dialogue between the operator and the machine. It follows from this that in this case a PC with low speed and a minimum amount of RAM is quite acceptable.

In another case, if the computer is intended for the regular preparation of voluminous documents and uses large amounts of information for this, it is necessary to install powerful machines with a large amount of external and internal memory.

The information content of the automated workplace in determining the range of users and clarifying the essence of the tasks they solve is carried out by the information support of the automated workplace. In the field of organizational management, users can be roughly divided into three categories: managers, management staff and support staff. Developed workstations for different categories of users differ in the types of data presentation. For example, service personnel usually deal with the organization's internal data, solve repetitive tasks, and usually use structured information. Managers require both internal and external data to achieve management goals or make decisions.

The use of workstations should not disrupt the rhythm of work familiar to the user. Workstations concentrate the user's attention on the logical structure of the tasks being solved, and not on the characteristics of the software system that implements them. However, if the action specified by the system is not performed, the user must know the reason, and information about this must be displayed on the screen.

Mathematical support of the automated workplace is a set of algorithms that provide the formation of the resulting information. Mathematical software serves as the basis for the development of a complex of applied programs.

As part of the AWS software, two main types of software can be distinguished, differing in functions: general (system) and special (applied). General software includes a set of programs that automate the development of programs and organize an economical computing process on a PC, regardless of the tasks being solved. Special software is a set of programs for solving specific user problems.

As operating systems for workstations created on the basis of 16-bit PCs, MS DOC is usually used, on the basis of 32-bit ones - OS / 2 and UNIX.

The main applications of the application software packages that are part of the special software of the AWP are word processing, tabular data processing, database management, computer and business graphics, the organization of human-machine dialogue, communication support and networking.

Multifunctional integrated packages that implement several functions of information processing, such as tabular, graphic, database management, text processing within one software environment, are effective in AWS.

Integrated packages are user-friendly. They have a single interface, do not require docking of the software tools included in them, and have a fairly high speed of solving problems.

The linguistic support of the workstation includes the languages ​​of communication with the user, query languages, information retrieval languages, intermediary languages ​​in networks. The language tools of the automated workplace provide an unambiguous semantic correspondence between the actions of the user and the hardware in the form of a PC. At the same time, AWP languages ​​should be user-oriented, including professionally-oriented.

The basis of AWS languages ​​is predefined terms, descriptions of ways to establish new terms, lists of rules on the basis of which the user can build formal structures that correspond to his information needs. For example, in some workstations, data and constructions are presented in the form of tables, in others - in the form of special operators.

ARM language tools can be divided according to the types of dialogue. Dialogue support tools define the language constructs that the user needs to know. Several types of dialogue can be implemented in one workstation: computer-initiated, by filling in templates, using menus, and hybrid.

The organizational support of the workstation includes a set of documents regulating the activities of specialists when using a computer or another type of terminal at the workplace and defining the functions and tasks of each specialist.

The specialist performs the following operations on the workstation:

Entering information from documents using the keyboard (with visual control on the display screen);

Entering data into a PC from magnetic media from other workstations;

Reception of data in the form of messages via communication channels from other workstations in the conditions of functioning of local area networks;

Data editing and manipulation;

Accumulation and storage of data;

Finding, updating and protecting data;

Output to the screen, printing, magnetic media of the result information, as well as various reference and instructive messages to the user;

Formation and transmission of data to other workstations in the form of files on magnetic media or via communication channels in computer networks;

Obtain operational information on request.

The methodological support of the automated workplace consists of guidelines, recommendations and provisions for the implementation, operation and evaluation of the effectiveness of their functioning. It also includes machine-organized reference information about the workstation as a whole and its individual functions, training tools for working on the workstation, and demonstration examples.

Ergonomic provision of workstations is a set of measures that provide the most comfortable conditions for the use of workstations by specialists. This involves the choice of special furniture for the placement of workstation equipment, the organization of filing cabinets for storing documentation and magnetic media.

Legal support of the automated workplace is a system of legal documents that define the rights and obligations of specialists in the conditions of the functioning of the automated workplace. These documents are strictly linked to a set of developments that regulate the procedure for storing and protecting information, the rules for data revision, ensuring the legal authenticity of operations performed on the workstation, etc.

The effective functioning of an automated information system and workstations is based on the integrated use of modern technical and software tools for processing information in conjunction with modern organizational forms of equipment placement.

The choice of organizational forms for the use of software and hardware means should be carried out taking into account their dispersal by levels of the control hierarchy in accordance with the organizational structure of the automated object. In this case, the main principle of choice is the collective service of users, which corresponds to the structure of the automated object.

Taking into account the modern functional structure of territorial government bodies, the set of software and hardware tools should form at least a three-level global data processing system with a developed set of peripheral tools at each level (Fig. 2.5).

Rice. 2.5. Schematic diagram of the multilevel organization of software and hardware tools of a local area network (LAN)

The first level is the central computing system of a territorial or corporate body, including one or more powerful computers or mainframes. Its main function is general, economic and financial control, information service for management employees.

The second level is the computing systems of enterprises (associations), organizations and firms, which include mainframes, powerful PCs, provide data processing and management within a structural unit.

The third level is PC-based locally distributed computer networks serving the production sites of the lower level. Each site is equipped with its own PC, which provides a set of works on primary accounting, accounting for needs and distribution of resources. In principle, it can be a workstation that performs functional computational procedures within a certain subject area.

At the same time, at each level of the management hierarchy, there are three ways of organizing technical means: centralized, decentralized and hierarchically distributed. The first method assumes that all data processing work, starting with data collection and registration, is carried out in one processing center; the second provides for the preliminary processing of information, which does not require the creation of very large data arrays, on the peripheral equipment of the remote user of the lower levels of the automated object; in the third method, the processing technology is optimally distributed over the system control levels.

Automated workplace (AWS) - a complex of computer equipment and software, located directly at the employee's workplace and designed to automate his work within the specialty.

Automated workplaces must be created strictly in accordance with their intended functional purpose. However, the general principles for creating workstations remain unchanged, they include:

Consistency;

Flexibility;

sustainability;

Efficiency.

The principle of consistency means the following: an automated workplace should be a system of interconnected components. At the same time, the structure of the workstation must clearly correspond to the functions for which this workstation is created.

The principle of flexibility is of great importance in the creation of modern and efficient workstations. This principle means the possibility of adapting the workstation to the proposed modernization of both software and hardware. At present, when the rate of obsolescence of software and hardware is constantly growing, compliance with this principle is becoming one of the most important conditions for creating workstations.

To ensure the principle of flexibility in real working automated workplaces, all subsystems of a single workstation are implemented as separate, easily replaceable modules. To avoid incompatibility problems when replacing, all elements must be standardized.

The principle of sustainability is of great importance. It consists in performing the functions inherent in the workstation, regardless of the impact of both internal and external factors. In the event of failures, the performance of the system should be quickly restored, the malfunctions of individual elements should be easily eliminated.

The principle of efficiency implies that the costs of creating and operating a system should not exceed the economic benefits from its implementation. In addition, when creating an automated workplace, it must be taken into account that its effectiveness will be largely determined by the correct distribution of functions and workload between the employee and the computer means of information processing, the core of which is a PC. Only if these conditions are met, the workstation becomes a means of increasing not only labor productivity and management efficiency, but also the social comfort of specialists.

The practical experience of using workstations allows us to highlight the following requirements for an efficient and fully functioning workstation:

Timely satisfaction of the information needs of the user;

Minimum response time to user requests;

Adaptation to the level of user training and the specifics of the functions performed by him;

The ability to quickly train the user in the basic methods of work;

Reliability and ease of maintenance;

Friendly interface;

Ability to work as part of a computer network.

The means necessary for the operation of the operating workstation are shown in Figure 12

Figure 12 - AWP scheme

5.5 Personal computer as the basis of the workstation - its main
subsystems

A modern personal computer consists of several main blocks or nodes:

system block;

monitor;

keyboards;

mouse manipulator.

A personal computer, or the main hardware component of a computer, consists of a processor, memory, and input/output devices; each component is represented by one or more modules. For a computer to fulfill its primary purpose of running programs, the various components must be able to communicate with each other.

CPU. It controls the actions of the computer, and also performs the function of data processing. If there is only one processor in the system, it is often called the central processing unit (CPU).

main memory. This is where data and programs are stored. Typically, this memory is temporary. It is often referred to as real, random access, or primary memory.

I/O devices. Serve to transfer data between the computer and the external environment, consisting of various peripheral devices, which include secondary memory, communication equipment and terminals.

System bus. Certain structures and mechanisms that provide interaction between the processor, main memory, and I / O devices.

A simplified block diagram showing the main functional components of a computer system in their relationship is shown in Figure 13. Later we will get acquainted with these devices.

Figure 13 - Scheme of a personal computer

Automated workplace - an individual complex of hardware and software designed to automate the professional work of a specialist and provides preparation, editing, search and display and printing of documents and data necessary for him. The workstation provides the operator with all the tools necessary to perform certain functions.

Synonyms: workstation

See also: Workstations Automated systems

Finam Financial Dictionary.


See what "Workstation" is in other dictionaries:

    automated workplace- AWP Software and technical complex AS, designed to automate activities of a certain type. Note Types of workstations, for example, are workstations of the operator of the technologist, workstations of the engineer, workstations of the designer, workstations of the accountant, etc. [GOST 34.003 90] ... ... Technical Translator's Handbook

    - (AWP) the workplace of the operator, dispatcher, designer, technologist, etc., equipped with computer technology for automating processing processes and displaying information necessary to complete the production task ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

    - (AWP), the workplace of the operator, dispatcher, designer, technologist, etc., equipped with computer technology for automating processing processes and displaying information necessary to complete the production task ... encyclopedic Dictionary

    - (AWP) a complex of technical means of computer technology that ensures effective interaction of the user (designer, designer, researcher, etc.) with a computer-aided design system (including aviation ... ... Encyclopedia of technology

    AWP is a software and hardware complex designed to automate the activities of a certain official from the users of automated systems. Edwart. Glossary of terms of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, 2010 ... Emergencies Dictionary

    Automated workplace- Automated workplace, workstation (workstation): a certain combination and spatial arrangement of production equipment in a production environment, the parameters of which are determined by the production program ... Source: ... ... Official terminology

    automated workplace- 3.1 workstation; AWP (local control station): Operator's workplace with means of control and management of automated equipment. Source: GOST R ... Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

    - (AWP) software and hardware complex designed to automate activities of a certain type. SCADA systems are usually used in the development of workstations to control technological equipment. AWP combines programmatically ... ... Wikipedia

    automated workplace- ‘workplace’ Syn: workstation, workstation ... Thesaurus of Russian business vocabulary

    - (AWP) the workplace of the operator, dispatcher, designer, technologist, etc., equipped with computing facilities. technology for automating processing processes and displaying the information necessary to carry out production. tasks … Big encyclopedic polytechnic dictionary

Books

  • Automated workplace of an economist, V. D. Kovaleva, V. V. Khisamudinov. The essence of the automated workplace (AWP) as a means of implementing new information technologies in organizational and economic management is disclosed. The tasks to be solved are formulated…
  • Automated workplace of an economist: textbook. allowance (neck) , Kovaleva VD. The essence of the automated workplace (AWP) as a means of implementing new information technologies in organizational and economic management is disclosed. The tasks to be solved are formulated…

Automated workstation (AWP) - this is a set of information, software and technical resources that provides the end user with data processing and automation of management functions in a specific subject area.

An automated workplace is an individual set of hardware and software tools designed to automate a professional pile of a specialist and provides for the preparation, editing, search and issuance (on the screen and print) of the documents and data he needs.

The creation of an automated workplace assumes that the main operations for the accumulation, storage, processing of information are assigned to computer technology, and the specialist performs some of the manual operations and operations that require a creative approach in the preparation of managerial tasks.

An automated workplace is created to ensure the performance of a certain group of functions, the simplest of which is the information and reference service. Automated workplaces have a problem-professional focus on a specific subject area.

The creation of a workstation based on a personal computer provides:

  • simplicity, convenience, user friendliness;
  • ease of adaptation to specific user functions;
  • compactness of placement and low requirements in terms of adaptation;
  • high reliability and survivability;
  • relatively simple maintenance organization.

The workstation can be used as a workstation within a local area network. This is especially useful when you want to distribute resources among multiple users. The automated workplace is intended for complex automation of operations related to the primary placement and secondary circulation of securities. It is designed to work with a single integrated reference database and an implemented set of tasks to be solved.

Office as a specialist workstation. The modern stage of managing an economic object is characterized by the development of distributed information processing systems. The key link in such systems is the specialist's workstation. According to the definition, an automated workplace is a workplace of the personnel of an automated control system, equipped with means that ensure the participation of a person in the implementation of control functions. With regard to organizational management systems, AWS can be defined as a set of hardware, software, methodological, linguistic and other means of individual and / or collective use that automate the professional functions of a management employee. Western specialists use other names in this case - computerized workstations or workstations.

According to the degree of specialization, workstations are divided into unique, serial, mass, and from the point of view of differentiation of the area of ​​professional interests of end users - into individual and collective use. It is believed that individual workstations are intended for managers of various ranks, and collective ones are for persons who prepare information for the purpose of its further use by managers and their management decisions.

For instrumental support of the activities of any employee of the institution when creating an automated workplace, various standard and applied software tools can be used. Their composition depends on the functional tasks and types of work: administrative and organizational, professional and creative and technical (routine).

Administrative and organizational work is characterized by a large number of intuitive volitional decisions at various levels of management, this includes monitoring execution, holding meetings and working with subordinates.

test questions

  • 1. What is a system?
  • 2. What is an automatic system?
  • 3. What is an automated system?
  • 4. What is an automated information system?
  • 5. List the main types of information technology support.
  • 6. Name the main types of AIS support.
  • 7. What is an economic information system?
  • 8. What is a workstation?
  • 9. What is the terms of reference?
  • 10. Name the stages of AIS design.
  • 11. List what relates to the organizational, methodological, technical, informational, ergonomic, mathematical, methodological and legal support of AIS.
  • 12. Define AWP.
  • 13. List the main properties of the system.
  • 14. What does a single information space mean?
  • 15. List the main functions of the information system.
  • 16. What are information resources?
  • 17. How are information systems classified?
  • 18. What does the control function mean?
  • 19. Name the functions implemented by the control system.
  • 20. What is a workstation?
  • 21. What is a management information system?

With the advent of competition between enterprises and organizations, quick and economically justified management decisions are required to solve vital operational and tactical issues for them. The organizational activity of management employees, including accountants, specialists in the credit and banking system, planners, etc., should be guided by the use of advanced technologies that save time.

New approaches to the organization and implementation of management functions require a radical change in the management technology itself, the introduction of technical means of information processing, primarily a PC. Under the new conditions, PCs must be transformed from systems for automatic processing of input information into reliable and accessible means for managers to accumulate information, analyze, evaluate and develop the most effective economic decisions.

The trend towards increased decentralization of management entails a transition to distributed information processing with decentralization of the use of computer technology and improvement of the organization of user workplaces.

The main purpose of workplaces for managerial and other employees is to provide conditions for comfortable, high-performance and high-quality work. For this purpose, the workplace of a specialist should be conveniently planned, equipped with everything necessary and providing uninterrupted information support and rational organization of work at this place. The use of workstations should not disturb the usual rhythm of the user's work and should focus the user's attention on the logic of the tasks being solved. However, if a given user action is not performed, the user must know the reason and information about this must be provided to the user.

Under automated workplace(AWP) is understood as a set of methodological, linguistic (linguistic), hardware and software tools that provide automation of user functions in a certain subject area and allow quickly satisfying its functional and computational requests.

Thus, the workstation has a problem-professional orientation to a specific subject area. The creation of automated jobs suggests that the main operations for the accumulation, storage and processing of information are assigned to computer technology, while the specialist performs a certain part of manual operations and operations that require a creative approach in preparing management decisions. At the same time, the PC works in close interaction with the user, who controls its actions, changes the values ​​of individual parameters in the course of solving the problem, and also enters the initial data for solving problems and control functions.


AWS, as a tool for intensifying management activities, must ensure the performance of a certain group of functions. The simplest function of the workstation is information and reference services, and this function is inherent in any workstation to one degree or another, however, the features of its implementation significantly depend on the user category.

Many well-known workstations can be classified based on the following features:

Functional sphere of use (scientific activity, design, production and technological processes, organizational management);

Type of computer used (micro-, mini-, macro computer);

Operating mode (individual, group, network);

User qualifications (professional and non-professional).

Within each of the selected groups of workstations, a more detailed classification can be carried out.

For example, organizational management workstations can be divided into workstations of heads of organizations and departments, workstations of employees of planning departments, workstations of logistics workers, workstations of accountants, etc. Conventionally, all these workstations can be called ARM - economist.

According to the level of decisions made by the employee, the following types of workstations can be distinguished:

workstation of the manager;

workstation of a specialist;

AWP of a technical worker.

Features of each type of workstation are determined by the main functions and tasks of employees.

The main functions of the manager are operational management and decision-making.

It is these functions that determine the general requirements for Workstation of the head:

The presence of a sufficiently developed database, constantly updated with operational and reliable information, and a limited number of employees, as a rule, has access to a part of this database, and only the head himself has access to its individual fragments;

Ensuring the possibility of prompt search for information;

Ability to present information in the required convenient and integrated form (including information coming from different sources);

Availability of software tools that ensure decision-making and tools that regulate organizational and administrative activities;

Ensuring operational communication with subordinates and various sources of information.

The professional orientation of a specialist determines the requirements for AWP specialist, however, the workstation of any specialist should provide the opportunity to carry out analytical work.

Therefore, the general requirements of the AWP of a specialist should include:

Ability to work with corporate databases, institutional and personal databases;

Possibility of modeling the analyzed processes;

Ensuring the versatility and flexibility of the system.

Technical workers include secretaries, operators, typists, inspectors, etc. They, as a rule, perform routine work that requires certain professional skills. This is information entry, maintenance of file cabinets and archives, control of the daily personal plan of the manager, processing of incoming and outgoing documentation, etc. Workstation of a technical worker should provide automation of these functions.

standard forms Workstation of a technical worker are:

Workstation of the inspector of the department of letters;

AWP inspector of time records;

AWP operator for processing text documents;

Archivist's workstation.

The first workstations were created on the basis of large universal computers, later they were built on the basis of small computers. With the development of PCs, PC hardware is mainly used to build workstations.

At the present stage, various types of workstations correspond to various architectural and technological solutions:

PC-based workstation- the simplest and most common version of the workstation of employees in the field of organizational management. Such a workstation is a system that, in an interactive mode of operation, provides the user with a monopoly on all types of software for the entire session. The user himself performs all the functional duties of converting information.

Such workstations provide:

Simplicity, convenience and user friendliness;

Ease of adaptation to specific user functions;

Low requirements for operating conditions;

High reliability;

Simple organization of maintenance.

The conceptual difference between a PC-based workstation is that the workstation is an open architecture. Functionally, physically and ergonomically adjusted to a specific user (personal workstation) or a group of users (group workstation).

Workstation as a workstation provides an efficient mode of operation within the local area network. This mode is appropriate when it is necessary to distribute information and computing resources among several users.

Workstation using a PC as an intelligent terminal involves remote access to the resources of the central (main) computer or external network. Several PCs are connected via communication channels to the main computer, while each PC can work offline. In addition, workstations can connect to various information services and general purpose systems (news services, information retrieval systems, databases and knowledge, library systems, etc.).

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