Ik oven. Infrared emitters in tunnel ovens. Weaknesses and strengths of IR tiles

Ecology of consumption. Homestead: Infrared sauna improves, stimulates and tones the activity of the whole organism, has a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems, and improves overall well-being.

To correctly understand what exactly we are talking about, you should remember the basics of what IR rays are.

Let's understand the terminology

Infrared is a type of electromagnetic radiation, described by optical laws. That is, the nature of IR radiation is similar to ordinary light. These rays in the spectrum occupy the range between visible (red), with L=0.74 μm (where L is the wavelength), on the one hand, and HF radio emission, L=(1-2) mm, on the other.

This region of the spectrum is divided into three groups:

DW - Longwave (50.0≤L≤2000) µm;
MW - Medium wave (2.5≤L≤50) µm;
SW - shortwave (0.74≤L≤2.5) µm.

This radiation takes place in any heated body. Moreover, the higher the source temperature, the shorter L, and the more intense the IR radiation.

At low temperatures, almost the entire range of such radiation is in the infrared range. Visually, such a body looks dark. As the temperature rises, the wavelength emitted by the body shifts towards the visible spectrum, passing, sequentially, red, yellow and, when high temperature values are reached, white.

On the one hand, this information is not related to the topic of this article, but on the other hand, it is directly related. It allows you to understand the terminological confusion that IR oven manufacturers allow themselves when describing their products:

Some call it infrared;
Others - longwave;
Third - dark;
Fourth - light.

But all of the listed ovens are infrared. And the discrepancy in the names is due to the fact that DWs have a lower temperature of the outer surface, so their IR radiation lies in the long-wave range. Such emitters are often referred to as dark ones, because. at such temperatures, the bodies practically do not glow. CB ovens are called gray. Their outside temperature is higher. And KV are characterized by max temperatures, and are called light, or white. In numbers it looks like this:

Superdark bodies - (200≤t≤400)°С;
Dark - (400≤t≤600)°С;
Catalytic low temperature
(600≤t≤800)°С;
Medium temperature light - (800≤t≤1000)°С;
High-temperature light - over 1000 ° C.

The design of the infrared oven

IR stoves for saunas are more correctly called heaters, since the principle of their operation is similar to heaters.

These devices have:

metal or ceramic heat-resistant case of a rectangular shape, having the appropriate strength;
an IR lamp is installed in it, similar to a fluorescent lamp (daylight);
the case contains a heat-reflecting screen and a heat-insulating layer that protects the case from overheating;
reflector that radiates heat;
panel on which the heating elements are mounted.

When connected to the mains, the latter are heated. Heat is transferred to the reflector - emitter. The room warms up in stages. At first. Radiation zone. Then the air in the room. This ensures even heating.

In modern products, the following elements can be used as a heater:

ceramic. A plate of ceramic material in which a high-resistance conductor is embedded:
(nichrome), designed for heating up to a thousand degrees;
Fechral (with very high resistance) - up to 800 ° C, respectively.

Due to specific design features, they are used only in ceiling and wall models. They are not used in floor-standing devices. Average service life - up to 4 years;

Quartz. They are made from tubes made of quartz glass. They have insulation made of Al profile silt, which allows to achieve heat radiation from the entire surface of the plate at once. In many models there are several similar heaters.

Products are designed for seven years of operation;

Carbon. A tube made of quartz, in which a carbon thread is embedded in the form of a spiral. The flask is vacuum. Carbon threads are heated up to 3000°C (while maintaining strength). The type of heating element determines the heating temperature of the reflector plate. Usually it is (200-600)°C. But max case heating temperature ≤ 60°C.
Film emitters. They are fixed on the entire inner surface of the cabin (walls, ceiling). operating temperatures of the surface of such a radiator (25-50)°C. Often used in conjunction with ceramic.

The average dimensions of such a device: (1000-1500) * 160 * 40. Weight, depending on the model, (3.5 - 5.0) kg.

IR heaters are offered to the client in the following configuration:

Complete heater;
Fasteners included (this includes brackets, as well as hardware).

Everything else needs to be purchased separately:

Automatic switches;
Cable and plug matched to the existing load;
thermostat;
Other accessories.

Installation of IR ovens

Such heaters can be installed:

On the floor. The downside is that they take up a lot of space. There is a high probability of overturning by negligence. Therefore, the devices must be equipped with an automatic shutdown if the heater falls;
On the walls. Attaching is more difficult. But this is fully offset by the safety of this option, its compactness and visual appeal;
On the ceiling. Requires the most complex installation and adjustment.

There are options for IR ovens designed for corner installation. They radiate in the (90-120)° sector.

To maintain the required temperature, special thermostats are used.

The zone of maximum efficiency of the heaters is approximately 150 mm from the body of the bather. With this in mind, the vertical wall-mounted installation option, in the immediate vicinity of the shelves, is considered optimal.

To warm up the legs at the level of the calf muscles, one or two heaters are installed.

Infrared chest heaters are mounted in the corners of the sauna cabin.

The optimal power for an infrared sauna is 350W (when located at a distance of 150 mm from the body). Higher capacity heaters are not recommended. At this distance, they can cause a burn. And at a greater distance, the efficiency of IR radiation decreases.

The surface of the installed emitters needs to be cooled. This explains the recommendation to leave between their rear wall and the enclosing structure of the sauna cabin 30-50 mm for the formation of convective flows. This allows you to cool the devices and reduces the warm-up time of the entire volume of air in the sauna cabin.

Furnaces are connected to a standard power supply network (230V/50Hz) at a current strength of 15A. a special socket for connecting the infrared sauna cabin is not required.

IR oven control

There are 2 control options:

Provides temperature control. Turning the heaters on and off is carried out automatically according to the commands generated by the VCT sensor (temperature control). This option does not allow you to completely warm up the body of a person in the steam room;
Designed to control power consumption. These models are designed to change the intensity of IR radiation, which allows you to select the indicator that is optimal for a particular person. In such a case, the entire human body is heated evenly, gradually and smoothly. What provides the maximum therapeutic effect.

To control IR ovens can be used:

External control panel located outside the sauna cabin. Allows you to set the radiation power and duration of the procedure. After the set time has elapsed, the system disconnects from the network automatically;
The built-in block of automatic equipment for regulation of work of all heating elements. With an average power consumption of 1.1 kW, this product is designed to control 6 IR heaters. Therefore, they are equipped with mini steam rooms, for one or two users. For larger saunas, a more powerful (1.5 kW) unit with 8 heaters is recommended;
Internal remote control for adjusting the microclimate parameters to optimal values.

Advantages of IR ovens

Among the main advantages of such heaters for saunas, it should be noted:

Their compactness, which makes it possible to complete them with even small apartment saunas;
Simplicity and convenience of installation and dismantling;
Autonomy. Such furnaces do not require constant human control and do not need periodic addition of fuel;
Minimum warm-up time. The classic oven will heat the steam room to the desired temperature in 1.5 - 2 hours. IR oven requires ≤ 20 minutes. At the same time, oxygen is not burned out of the air;
The low temperature of the case allows you to mount such heaters on surfaces finished with any materials;

For the manufacture of some products on an industrial scale, when it is necessary to make the most of the heat obtained during the combustion process, it is used tunnel kiln.

At many enterprises, for the manufacture of certain types of products, processing at different temperatures is necessary. Modern technologies make it possible to distinguish zones with different temperature conditions in tunnel kilns, which in turn simplifies production.

Areas of application of thermotunnels.

The designs of thermal tunnels are constantly being improved, but the principle of operation remains unchanged. Most of them are widely used in many industrial fields.

Drying of confectionery products, including refined sugar.
Bakery and confectionery products.
Manufacture of building and ceramic products.

Recently, thermal tunnels have been used for packaging of various products in shrink film.

The principle of such packaging is quite simple. Under the influence of high temperature, the film takes the shape of the product, packaging it. Thus, it is possible to pack not only foodstuffs, but also industrial goods. Still, at enterprises engaged in the packaging of drinking products, caps are placed on bottles with the help of thermal tunnels.

Methods of heating thermal tunnels.

According to the method of heating, thermal tunnels are divided into two types.

Electrical.
Non-electric.

Non-electric tunnel ovens heating is carried out by burning fuel. They can operate on both natural gas and coal and oil products.

Electric heating method used much more frequently. In such tunnels, heating occurs due to tubular electric heaters (heaters), but modern thermal tunnels use the heat of infrared emitters.

Unlike heating elements, where heating occurs due to hot air, they carry out work using infrared radiation which in turn makes this type of heating more economical and efficient.

One of the disadvantages of traditional heating with heating elements is the presence of drafts in the furnace (and they cannot be avoided in tunnels). Due to the constant cooling of the air, the process of heating products takes longer, and therefore more energy is consumed. In addition, unevenly heated air can disrupt the technological process of product packaging, which also negatively affects production.

Infrared heating in the thermal tunnel distributes heat evenly on products and drafts do not affect the quality of the production process.

One of the positive qualities of stoves with infrared emitters is considered the ability to heat an object not only on the surface, but throughout the entire volume. And automatic temperature control protects products from overheating.

The device of thermal tunnels.

In order for the products to be heated equally and evenly, infrared emitters are located on all sides inside the tunnel. The longer the tunnel, the more emitters are installed in it.

To keep the heat generated inside, the tunnels are equipped with reflectors- stainless steel reflectors. This is a special curved metal plate that is located inside the tunnel. The reflectors are mounted on the inner walls of the furnace so that the heat emanating from the emitter is reflected from it and directed to the heated object. This process provides efficient heating with minimal energy consumption.

For the movement of products in thermal tunnels, not only conveyors are used. For example, for processing cables, plastic profiles, polymer pipes, etc., other technical means are used to allow products to move inside the tunnel.

Thus, the use of infrared emitters in thermal tunnels is superior in many quality characteristics to tunnel furnaces with heating elements.

To correctly understand what exactly we are talking about, you should remember the basics of what IR rays are.

Let's understand the terminology

This region of the spectrum is divided into three groups:

DV - Long-wavelength (50.0≤L≤2000) µm;
MW - Medium wave (2.5≤L≤50) µm;
SW - shortwave (0.74≤L≤2.5) µm.

This radiation takes place in any heated body. Moreover, the higher the source temperature, the shorter L, and the more intense the IR radiation.

On the one hand, this information is not related to the topic of this article, but on the other hand, it is directly related. It allows you to understand the terminological confusion that manufacturers of IR ovens allow themselves when describing their products:

Some call it infrared;
Others - longwave;
Third - dark;
Fourth - light.

Superdark bodies — (200≤t≤400)°С;
Dark - (400≤t≤600)°С;
Catalytic low temperature
(600≤t≤800)°С;
Medium temperature light - (800≤t≤1000)°С;
High-temperature light - over 1000 ° C.

The design of the infrared oven

IR stoves for saunas are more correctly called heaters, since the principle of their operation is similar to heaters.

These devices have:

metal or ceramic heat-resistant case of a rectangular shape, having the appropriate strength;
an IR lamp is installed in it, similar to a fluorescent lamp (daylight);
the case contains a heat-reflecting screen and a heat-insulating layer that protects the case from overheating;
reflector that radiates heat;
panel on which the heating elements are mounted.

In modern products, the following elements can be used as a heater:

ceramic. A plate of ceramic material in which a high-resistance conductor is embedded:
(nichrome), designed for heating up to a thousand degrees;
Fechral (with very high resistance) - up to 800 ° C, respectively.

Due to specific design features, they are used only in ceiling and wall models. They are not used in floor-standing devices. Average service life - up to 4 years;

Quartz. They are made from tubes made of quartz glass. They have insulation made of Al profile silt, which allows to achieve heat radiation from the entire surface of the plate at once. In many models there are several similar heaters.

Products are designed for seven years of operation;

Carbon. A tube made of quartz, in which a carbon thread is embedded in the form of a spiral. The flask is vacuum. Carbon threads are heated up to 3000°C (while maintaining strength). The type of heating element determines the heating temperature of the reflector plate. Usually it is (200-600)°C. But max case heating temperature ≤ 60°C.
Film emitters. They are fixed on the entire inner surface of the cabin (walls, ceiling). operating temperatures of the surface of such a radiator (25-50)°C. Often used in conjunction with ceramic.

The average dimensions of such a device: (1000-1500) * 160 * 40. Weight, depending on the model, (3.5 - 5.0) kg.

IR heaters are offered to the client in the following configuration:

Complete heater;
Fasteners included (this includes brackets, as well as hardware).

Everything else needs to be purchased separately:

Automatic switches;
Cable and plug matched to the existing load;
thermostat;
Other accessories.

Installation of IR ovens

Such heaters can be installed:

On the floor. The downside is that they take up a lot of space. There is a high probability of overturning by negligence. Therefore, the devices must be equipped with an automatic shutdown if the heater falls;
On the walls. Attaching is more difficult. But this is fully offset by the safety of this option, its compactness and visual appeal;
On the ceiling. Requires the most complex installation and adjustment.

There are options for IR ovens designed for corner installation. They radiate in the (90-120)° sector.

To maintain the required temperature, special thermostats are used.

To warm up the legs at the level of the calf muscles, one or two heaters are installed.

Infrared chest heaters are mounted in the corners of the sauna cabin.

Furnaces are connected to a standard power supply network (230V/50Hz) at a current strength of 15A. a special socket for connecting the infrared sauna cabin is not required.

IR oven control

There are 2 control options:

Provides temperature control. Turning the heaters on and off is carried out automatically according to the commands generated by the VCT sensor (temperature control). This option does not allow you to completely warm up the body of a person in the steam room;
Designed to control power consumption. These models are designed to change the intensity of IR radiation, which allows you to select the indicator that is optimal for a particular person. In such a case, the entire human body is heated evenly, gradually and smoothly. What provides the maximum therapeutic effect.

To control IR ovens can be used:

External control panel located outside the sauna cabin. Allows you to set the radiation power and duration of the procedure. After the set time has elapsed, the system disconnects from the network automatically;
The built-in block of automatic equipment for regulation of work of all heating elements. With an average power consumption of 1.1 kW, this product is designed to control 6 IR heaters. Therefore, they are equipped with mini steam rooms, for one or two users. For larger saunas, a more powerful (1.5 kW) unit with 8 heaters is recommended;
Internal remote control for adjusting the microclimate parameters to optimal values.

Advantages of IR ovens

Among the main advantages of such heaters for saunas, it should be noted:

Their compactness, which makes it possible to complete them with even small apartment saunas;
Simplicity and convenience of installation and dismantling;
Autonomy. Such furnaces do not require constant human control and do not need periodic addition of fuel;
Minimum warm-up time. The classic oven will heat the steam room to the desired temperature in 1.5 - 2 hours. IR oven requires ≤ 20 minutes. At the same time, oxygen is not burned out of the air;
The low temperature of the case allows you to mount such heaters on surfaces finished with any materials;
High economy. The choice in favor of IR ovens gives double savings:
They are cheaper than classic electric furnaces;
Consume 80% less electricity.

The choice of infrared saunas allows those who like to visit steam rooms to equip them even in their own apartment.

This article describes an example of the implementation of a device useful in amateur radio practice - an infrared stove. This simple device based on a halogen lamp can be used to warm up boards and massive products, dry glue and paint, and with sufficient lamp power, desolder boards and even solder SMD components.

Since the design actually consists of only one light bulb, there can be a lot of options for execution. In this implementation, a halogen lamp with a diameter of 50 mm and a power of 75 watts was used, the most powerful one that could be found. For ease of use, a power regulator is installed. The oven itself is assembled from what came to hand. As a basis, a tin can with olives was taken.

Power regulator circuit

The power regulator is built according to the scheme found on the Internet and assembled by a canopy on a thick press cardboard. It should be noted that the resistor in the noise suppression circuit with a resistance of 100 ohms heats up, and the variable resistor along with its shunt also heats up. Therefore, it is not recommended to reduce the power of these resistors to less than a watt, just like using Chinese potentiometers, in severe temperature conditions it can burn out.

A few words about the resistor marked with an asterisk. This shunt resistor is used to adjust the minimum brightness of the light bulb. Its value may vary depending on the spread of the components and the resistance of the variable resistor.

The circuit uses a triac, presumably BT138, that is, the first one found in the box, the choice of Soviet elements was mainly due to the same factor, well, and a little more reliability.

Assembling the IR oven

The photographs below show the assembly process, from which you can understand the design of all the parts included in it. Separately, mention should be made of cable entry. It turns out to be an amazingly convenient thing, the cable keeps dead, I recommend it for use.

Infrared Oven Tests

During the tests, it was found that the jar-case is very hot, I had to drill a number of ventilation holes and lay the foil from the inside. The measure turned out to be quite effective, but after ten minutes of operation at maximum power, the body cannot be grasped by hand. However, in amateur radio practice, such a combination of power and heating duration is not often required, especially since more than 50 square centimeters of the board can be soldered over such a time period.

The protective grille is made from a suitable fan grille, only slightly bending the petals is required. The cracks in the glass of the light bulb are precisely due to the fact that I put the board directly on the light bulb, so protection is necessary.

In addition, I am attaching some sketches for the circuit board of the power regulator. In this form, they are not very suitable for printing and etching, but those who wish can adjust them to suit their desires and components - download the . Specially for Radio circuits - SecretTUseR.

Discuss the article OWN HANDS INFRARED OVEN

Infrared fireplace stove is one of the latest technology. But such a hearth cannot be the main heating device for a house (or apartment).

An infrared heating oven is often used as a utility oven for a convection oven. The main advantage of this device is the transfer of a large heat flux in a short period of time. Such a miracle oven is suitable for quickly heating a room. You can also have a wonderful rest with your family in front of a burning flame. Such a fireplace is an electrical appliance, for its operation it is necessary to choose a suitable place and connect it to the mains.

The principle of operation of an infrared fireplace

In order to understand how the furnace functions, you should turn to physics for help. Heating of the room (housing) is carried out by infrared radiation (waves). Infrared waves are a kind of electromagnetic waves, which are distinguished, respectively, depending on their length (depending on the color of the light wave, it ranges from 400 to 800 nm). The red wave is considered the longest (700 - 800 nm). It is this wave that is called the infrared (or thermal) wave.

The sun, fireplace, stove (everything that generates heat) emit infrared radiation that does not harm human health (as well as light radiation).

Unlike other heating devices, infrared sources (fireplace, stove) do not heat the air, but the objects that are in the room. The device also heats the floor and walls, which give off their heat to the environment.

Benefits of infrared fireplaces

Infrared equipment evenly heats the air throughout the room. Such an electrical device does not adversely affect the human body. After all fireplace,as a heater, does not dry out the air, does not burn oxygen and does not emit foreign odors. Such a stove will be a highlight of any interior, because it is compact and attractive in appearance. If you follow basic safety measures, then the fireplace does not pose any danger, because it has a high degree of protection against fire or fire.

Types of infrared fireplaces

Modern infrared ovens operate on electricity, diesel or gas fuel.

Infrared gas fireplace

Infrared gas fireplace is one of the most popular today. It runs on propane-butane gas.

Such a focus can be used:

in residential premises;
outdoors (for heating summer areas of cafes and restaurants);
at exhibitions (exhibition halls) or fairs.

A distinctive feature of such a gas appliance is the heating of the room due to thermal infrared waves and from the direct heating of ceramic panels. A huge plus is that the installation and installation of such a heat source does not require complex manipulations or special knowledge.
Without great effort, the room will be very cozy and warm. Also, you do not have to make a chimney, clean the ashes or stock up on firewood.

In gas fireplaces, it is quite simple to control the temperature regime. Such hotbeds of heat are safe, it is enough to observe elementary rules:

place the equipment away from flammable objects (objects);
ventilate the room (if possible).

Depending on the size of the room, you independently calculate the power: per 10 m 2 (square meters) - 1 kW.

Diesel infrared fireplaces

Diesel stoves run on fuel that is sold at gas stations. They are especially practical in places where there are difficulties with electricity. Such The stove consumes no more electricity than an 80W light bulb.

You can significantly reduce heating costs if you use a diesel fireplace as an additional source of heat. Such equipment can be used as the main source of heat, if you use an additional battery.

Heat is distributed in all directions with a large angle of heating area. The big advantage is the fairly easy installation. This does not require a chimney. It is only necessary to find a suitable place for the fireplace.

The infrared diesel oven is wonderfully suited for sports and exhibition halls, construction and filming sites, hangars and warehouses. Thanks to mobility and the ability to heat a large space in a short time, diesel hearths are used in street cafes, at construction sites, in places where rallies or competitions are held.

Electro-gas infrared fireplaces

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