The roof is hipped drawings. The device of the truss system of the hipped roof. Installation of a pitched roof

Lumber is treated with antiseptics that protect wood from various fungi and mold. These compounds must have a long term of protection, not be washed out and penetrate deep into the processed material.

Tool:

• construction level;
• hacksaw and circular saw;
• tape measure and plumb;
• drill, ;
• chisel and hammer.

Mauerlat and bed mount

In wooden houses, the last row of a log house is used as a Mauerlat. To fix the rafters, grooves are cut in the logs. In brick buildings, the lower frame made of beams is laid along the perimeter of the outer walls on the armored belt made of concrete. Metal studs are laid in the belt to secure the beam.

For accurate marking, each beam lies on the studs and is hit with a hammer from above, thus obtaining an accurate mark of the fastener. Then it is removed and holes are drilled.

The prepared individual elements of the Mauerlat are laid on walls covered with several layers of waterproofing - roofing material. The beams are fixed with nuts screwed onto the studs. The corners of the bars are fastened with metal plates or staples.

Video: hip roof Mauerlat fastening After fastening, the beam should not move even a millimeter - the reliability of the entire roof in the future depends on this. A feature of laying the Mauerlat is that the bars are overlapped along the length with a large number of joints. The beds, in the same way as the Mauerlat, are attached with waterproofing only to the load-bearing internal walls.

Did you know? The best material for Mauerlat is larch, because over time its wood becomes stronger.

Beds play an important role in the roof system. Support racks and struts are attached to them. They are laid on internal load-bearing partitions. If they are not in the building, then for the racks it is necessary to install reinforced floor beams.

Given the high load, the beam is made of a beam of 100x200 mm. The bed, laid on the wall, can be a section of 100x100 mm. Horizontal leveling is done using wooden spacers. If struts are not provided, the beds can not be installed, the racks below will be connected by contractions.

The supports are fixed to the beds or floor beams. They are exposed on a plumb line and temporarily fastened with jibs from bars using self-tapping screws. In the future, the racks are fixed with metal elements. The top is connected to the ridge beam.
The installation of supports depends on the type of hipped roof:

Roof truss system

For a hip roof, the ridge beam is the supporting component of the entire structure, since diagonal rafters and the entire roof will be attached to it.

Video: installation of a hipped roof ridge A support beam is placed along the supports with the obligatory use of a plumb line and spirit level, which will allow you to control the installation in two planes.

Important! The symmetry of the roof depends on the correct marking of the ridge beam, racks for it and diagonal rafters, and hence the uniform distribution of loads, which in turn will eliminate the deformation of the structure.

The design of the entire system depends on the correct installation of the ridge beam.
The layout of the ridge beam in the hip roof truss system

Trapezoidal slopes

Trapezoidal slopes are formed by the central and side rafters. The central rafter is the boards that form the edges of the slope and adjoin the ridge run. The side rafters fill the slope plane.

Extrusion of the side rafters

The side rafters are exposed as a gable roof - they make a template by applying a board 15 cm wide to the ridge beam.

An upper ledge is outlined, with which the board will be fixed on the ridge beam. The template is applied to the beam and the bottom washed down is marked, to focus on the Mauerlat.

Connect everything with corners and screws. The pitch of the rafters depends on the length of the run and ranges from 50 cm to 1.5 m. The bottom of the rafter can be fastened using a support bar stuffed at the point of attachment to the Mauerlat, which preserves the integrity of the rafter.

Strengthening with braces and fastening of skates

The side beams are supported by struts, the lower edge resting against the bed, and the upper edge at 45 ° into the rafter leg.

The rafters are fixed to the ridge beam with plates, wooden slips, using a cut without bevels.

triangular ramps

Hip slopes are formed by rafters, and in order for the roof to be perfectly symmetrical, they are installed in calculated places on the Mauerlat.

Pasture of sloping (diagonal) rafters

Sloping rafters - a beam installed diagonally, resting with one end against the corner of the Mauerlat, and at the top it is connected to the ridge beam. The load on these rafters is twice that of the side rafters. Therefore, for their manufacture, glued beams of the required length or double boards are used.

Video: assembling the hip roof truss system Diagonal rafters are long, so they must be fastened securely to the roof immediately. Washed down at the bottom for attachment to the Mauerlat is performed at an angle of 45 ° to the board.

One or more racks are placed for the rafters, but the joints of the spliced ​​boards should be located 15 cm from the support. A strut can be installed under the diagonal rafter, if the bed is the stop, then the angle of inclination should be 35 -45 ° to the horizon. Additional supports are installed based on:

• length up to 7.5 m- one brace;
• length up to 9 m- support in the lower part or trussed truss;
• length over 9 m- additional support.

Important! If the ceiling is not very strong, you need to lay an additional beam to stop the racks.

The upper end is joined to the ridge beam at the intersection of the two central intermediate rafters, so the undercut in this part is made with two bevels and fastening is done using a surf - a short board 5 cm thick. You can also fasten using a metal plate or clamps.

Rafters - short rafters used to fasten diagonal beams. They are made from solid material.

The rafters are fixed to a long rafter with the help of a cut or with the installation of support strips, on both sides of the rafter, 50x50 mm in size, and all this is reinforced with metal elements.
The sprigs are mounted on a diagonal beam with an offset so that there are no joints at one point. The lower end of the short beam rests on the Mauerlat. These elements are installed in increments of 0.6 m, starting from the outermost ordinary rafter.

Strengthening with trusses and struts

The greatest load in a roof with four slopes falls on the bottom of the diagonal rafters, therefore, to remove part of the load from them, sprengels (vertical supports) are installed. They are placed on reinforced bars, like racks under a ridge beam. Use a bar with a section:

• for beams- 10x15cm:
• for supports- 10x10 cm;
• for struts- 5x10cm.

The struts are fixed under the beams, which at the bottom rest against the bed or floor beams, and at the top, the edge at 45 ° is attached to the rafters.

Its installation ensures high-quality laying of roofing material. The crate is made of bars or boards, they are stuffed onto the rafters parallel to the roof ridge with a step of 0.5 m. Plywood is used for soft roofing material.

Laying a vapor barrier membrane, insulation, waterproofing

Roofing pie installation procedure:

• a vapor barrier membrane is attached to the rafters;
• a crate is installed;
• insulation with waterproofing is attached;
• the counter-lattice is fixed.

Video: installation of vapor barrier, insulation and waterproofing (using the example of a pitched roof)

Drip - an angular metal plate for draining water from a waterproofing layer. The plank is attached to the edge of the roof overhang. Step by step installation:

• fix the gutter for water drainage;
• attach drip sheets with self-tapping screws to the crate overlap;
• stick bitul-rubber tape;
• remove the waterproofing film from the top of the plate so that the edge of the film passes into the drip sheet;
• fasten the edge of the waterproofing to the rubber tape on the drip, and the film itself to the rafters.

Did you know? The largest roof was built in the Emirates. Its area is 230,000 m2, which corresponds to the area of ​​50 football fields.

The roofing material can be any, and the laying is carried out according to the manufacturer's recommendations. For various materials, there are minimum angles of inclination of the roof:

• slate and tiles- 22°;
• roll materials, the angle depends on the number of layers - for three layers up to 5°, for two - 15°;
• corrugated board- 12°;
• metal tile- 14°;
• ondulin- 6°;
• flexible bituminous tile- 11°.

Skate mount

The material of the ridge depends on the material of the roof and during installation, you need to pay attention to:

• to the correct height of this element;
• ensuring good ventilation of the roofing pie and the attic.

The functions of the ridge are a decorative connection of sections of docked opposite slopes on a beam. The details of the ridge are attached to the ridge run with screws.

Video: hip roof construction 1 times already
helped

A four-pitched roof, also called a hip roof, is the most popular in the construction of individual housing in most European countries. Except, perhaps, Scandinavia, which has a similar climate and building traditions with central and northern Russia. The Varangians, like the Eastern Slavs, preferred to build from solid wood and arrange simple gable roofs. In our time of comprehensive globalization, all branches of human activity, including architecture and construction, are subject to. The hip roof of a country house is now loved by residents of the CIS countries and has become an integral part of the landscape of our villages and small towns.

We note the pros and cons of a hipped roof in comparison with the more common and structurally simple gable roof.

Benefits of a hip roof:

• A properly designed and assembled hip roof, due to the absence of vertical end walls (pediments or gables), has low airflow resistance. Accordingly, it resists hurricane winds in the best way and is less prone to destruction of the roof in places of cornice overhangs (it does not have gables).
• The four-pitched roof, due to the angular ribs converging to the ridge support beam, has a rigid structure and is not subject to any serious deformations.
• The hip roof allows you to build large overhangs on all four sides of the building, thereby protecting the facades from precipitation.
• A four-pitched roof makes a house with an attic visually lower. This is important when a building needs to be built into an existing one-story building without disturbing the balance and character of the building.
• The hip roof is beautiful. Although not everyone agrees with this.

Four-slope roof of a two-story country house. Large overhangs protect walls well from rain and snow

Hip roof disadvantages:

Another option for integrating full-fledged windows into the roof.

Varieties of a hipped roof

• The classic roof with four slopes assumes straight rafters without fractures, corner ribs start from the ridge, all overhangs are at the same height.

  

  The main type of hipped roof. Two end sides have the shape of a triangle, the other two are trapezoids. Large overhangs protect the facade well from precipitation, and you can safely walk around the house in the rain.

• A hipped roof is a type of hipped roof in which all the ribs converge at one central point.

  

  A hipped roof is more suitable for a square house plan.

• The Danish hip roof is a type of four-pitched roof with gables located in the upper part of the short slopes.

  

  Diagram of the truss system of a Danish hipped roof. A small tong at the top of the short slope is used for ventilation or lighting.

• Full vertical windows can be built into the Danish roof.

  

  vertical windows

• Another type of complex Danish hip roof with two slopes at the short end.

  

  This type of roof is called Dutch.

• A half-hip roof (also called a gabled half-hip roof) is actually a type of gable roof, since all the rafter legs resting on the Mauerlat are installed on the long side and parallel to each other.

  

• A broken hipped roof is also called a mansard hip roof. It is more difficult to manufacture, but allows you to allocate a large area for living quarters.

  

  The broken shape of the roof makes it possible to use the attic space more rationally, but it is more expensive

• The sloping hipped roof is a distinctive feature of the traditional architecture of China, Japan and Korea. Only they make a break in the wrong direction to which we are accustomed.

  

• The hip roof can be not only hipped, various combinations of different types of structures are possible.

  

  A combined type of roof, where a hip and gable structure is combined.



This roof is hipped, but there are many more slopes than four. But the principle by which the truss system is assembled is the same as that of a simple four-pitched one.

Design features of the truss system

Consider how to make a hipped roof on your own, while ensuring its reliability and strength. We choose a simple design with a central support.

Since only part of the rafters in the central sector of the long side are full length and converge in the ridge area, not the entire rafter system can be tightened with puffs - in the hip area they will not work as they do in a gable roof. In addition, often in the struggle for the height of the attic floor, the Mauerlat is located much higher than the plane of the floor and beams (puffs). Therefore, we will proceed from the fact that in our case, the truss system of a hipped roof will not use puffs as a structural element. The main load in the center of the roof will be carried by a beam located in the ridge zone: it will be supported by slanting and ordinary full-sized rafter legs.

Standard hipped roof construction with support in the ridge area

The ridge support beam must be supported by racks. In order to perceive a fairly solid load from them, ideally, there should be an internal load-bearing wall below. If there is none, the floor beams must be strong enough to support the weight of the central part of the roof. If the ground floor is covered with precast concrete floor slabs, their load-bearing capacity is usually sufficient and the pillar supports can be placed on the slabs through a horizontal wooden beam.

It is not necessary that the support should be located in the ridge area. Racks can be placed on the sides of the ridge, that is, there can be two or more support zones located along the ridge.

The photo shows that the skate does not rest on the racks.

The ridge is supported on both sides along the ridge on the racks. In this case, the racks directly support the rafters, the beam was not used. Each rafter beam has its own stand. Pretty solid solution.

A four-pitched roof over a small building can be mounted without racks

With small spans (up to 4 meters), you can do without racks. However, if possible, at least in the areas of intersection of the ridge with the braids, it is worth placing one puff and a rack each.

A small structure is covered without the use of racks or puffs

The truss system of a hipped roof is almost identical to the hip hip roof. Only instead of a ridge beam it is recommended to install a central support. Or arrange a closed support contour of beams and racks.

Variants of the hipped roof truss system. In the diagram on the left, the corner rafter (slope) rests on the truss, a similar solution can be used for all types of hip roofs.

The sequence of installation of a hipped roof

First of all, as in all types of roofs, a Mauerlat is mounted. For frame houses, this is the upper trim of the wall panel, for log cabins - the upper crown. As a Mauerlat, a wooden beam with a cross section of 10x10 cm or more is used, more often at least 10x15 or 15x15 cm. It is necessary to strive to ensure that it is solid along the entire length. The fastening of the beam must be given special attention. For a stone wall, the ideal solution would be a reinforced concrete monolithic belt in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bsupporting the Mauerlat with embedded parts pre-mounted in it (threaded studs from M12 and above). If this is not possible, you will have to fix the studs with metal expansion dowels in the masonry.

Mauerlat fastening scheme in masonry

Mauerlat connections along the length should not be made end-to-end, but in an overlay, with multiple connection points. The corners must be securely connected with metal plates, corners, staples.

The layout of the Mauerlat on the wall. Pay attention to the junction of elements and the connection of corners. On the right, the installation of a beam on a monolithic belt is shown.

The next step is the installation of racks and the installation of the supporting ridge or side beams parallel to it. For racks, as a rule, a beam of 10x10-10x15 cm is chosen, for a beam of a higher section: 8x16, 10x20 and more. The optimal ratio of width to height is 1 / 1.5-1 / 2, then the beam twists less when it dries. The same rule is true for the rafter beam.

The rack and support beam in this case are parallel to the ridge

In frame-panel houses, support beams are often not used, only racks with a rafter pitch are installed. In any case, a beam is placed on the skate, only of a smaller section. You can use an ordinary truss element. The skate is supported on temporary racks, which are then removed. The ridge serves as a guide element for mounting the entire structure.

Racks are installed in the frame house. After installing the rafters, they are cut at the desired height.

Such a support contour is placed under a hipped roof, it replaces the central support

In the third place, they put corner (sloping) rafters. The loads on them are higher and the cross section should be higher. Although sometimes they prefer to first put the privates of full length, and only then mount the braids. This is unprincipled.

The truss system of the hip roof of a wooden frame. In this case, they did without any racks at all, instead they pulled the upper part of the rafters with double horizontal ties. It is better to mount the rafters on the wall of the log house on sliding supports.

First, racks and a ridge beam are mounted. The next step is the rafters, ordinary ones are placed. Corner (sloping) rafters are mounted from a bar of the same section as the rest. It is not right. The load on it is much higher and the cross section should be more powerful.

Sliding supports - the best solution for attaching rafters to the wall for a log house

Then the remaining rafter legs are mounted, including shortened ones. The rafters themselves must be solid, in extreme cases, it is necessary to install linings at least 1.5 meters long at the joint and fix them on both sides at several points. Connections of wooden elements can be made by overlapping, using overhead metal plates. In the areas where the rafters are supported on the Mauerlat and beams, support cuts should be made and strong metal elements should be used.

This is how the rafters are attached to the mauerlat and beams

In accordance with the table, it is possible to roughly determine the cross section of a wooden beam for rafter legs.

For the corner rafter, the value obtained must be increased by at least 1.5 times

The rafter system is ready. Now you need to choose the type of roof and start building a suitable base for it: solid flooring or battens, if necessary, counter-battens and wind protection.

A do-it-yourself four-slope roof is quite a feasible task, at least for a house that is not difficult in terms of plan. General principles for all types of hip roofs: the mauerlat must be well fixed and connected at the corners, you need to start from the ridge, the racks need a good foundation. It is necessary to ensure reliable support of the roof with a large span and to monitor the reliability of all connections.

The fixation of the elements will be better when using special modern metal fasteners for wood, and it will be easier to work. Of course, you must have at least basic carpentry skills. Having a power tool helps a lot: a drill, a circular saw or a chainsaw. You also need to stock up on hand tools: saws, chisels, hammers. You will need measuring devices: carpentry level, plumb line, tape measure, cord.

Do-it-yourself hipped roof: drawings and photos below.

How a pitched roof is installed

Drawing plan of the truss system

Installation of lathing, vapor barrier, waterproofing

The arrangement of different layers of a hipped roof requires careful attention to each stage of work.

Each stacked layer has its own function, all layers together form a single system which provides protection for the structure.

Laying the crate

Sheathing - a wooden structure consisting of bars located across the rafter legs. The optimal section of the lathing bars is 50x50 mm.

Before installation, the boards of the battens require treatment with antiseptic agents..

The crate is mounted either in a continuous layer or in steps of 100-150 mm (depending on the external coating).

Fasten the crate with nails.

Lathing installation

Vapor barrier installation

A vapor barrier film is installed in order to to prevent moisture from entering the thermal insulation layer. The vapor barrier film is attached to the boards of the crate with an overlapping stapler. Places of overlap are sealed with adhesive tape.

In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the film fits snugly against the boards. In places where pipes or windows are installed, rubber or polyurethane adhesive tapes can be used.

CAREFULLY!

The vapor barrier material should not go around the boards of the battens in order to prevent the formation of places for the accumulation of water.

Water vapor has a high penetrating power, so installation of vapor barrier is a very important stage of work.

Vapor barrier installation

Installation of waterproofing

After installing the insulation, waterproofing is laid. Waterproofing does not allow moisture accumulated in the under-roof space to enter the roofing pie. As well as thermal insulation film, waterproofing is overlapped and the joints are glued.

It is especially important to correctly lay the film in the ridge part.. The ridge area is most prone to accumulation of condensate vapors.

The importance of each stage in the installation of the roof of a hip roof cannot be underestimated, and even more so, the installation of any element should not be abandoned.

Installation of waterproofing

Hip roofs are considered the most durable and durable. They were installed more than a hundred years ago, and such designs have proven to be reliable and durable.

Despite the complexity of the design, you can install it yourself, the main thing is to carry out each stage of work step by step in a clear sequence and choose high-quality, reliable material, because the roof should protect the house for more than a dozen years.

Useful video

In this video you will learn how to build a hip roof with your own hands:

In contact with

Friends, we hope that this information will be really interesting and useful for you! People who started the construction of any building should have an idea of ​​what is needed for what, what parts the structure consists of, what materials they will need and how much this or that material costs. Before starting construction, you need to develop a building plan and specify all the parameters. Consider one of the important details of the structure and it will be a hipped roof and its truss system.

Hip roof construction

The roof insulation depends on the layout of the house and other factors, it must be done in accordance with the rules

A gable roof is not an easy task, but if you have carpentry skills, the necessary skills, tools and a couple of friends who are ready to help you, this task will be up to you.

You can choose a different type of roof for your building, and a four-pitched roof is ideal for a large house.

But before you start any construction, you will need to get ahead of what exactly you want to build and what the structure should be, allocate funds and determine the approximate time for construction.

The main thing is to have strength, desire and means. We wish you good luck and inspiration!

The construction of a frame for a hipped roof is a laborious and complex process with characteristic features. This will require accurate calculations and a strict sequence of installation. However, the result will amaze with the solidity and reliability of the design with a spectacular shape. Before proceeding with the creation of this frame, you should study the features and algorithm of actions according to which the gable roof truss system is being built.

Hip roof truss system: components and design advantages

The four-pitched roof consists of a rectangular base and four sloping slopes. The two end surfaces are triangular in shape. They replace the gables, as on a gable roof. The other two slopes are called facade. Their shape resembles a trapezoid. The slope angle of the surfaces is in the range from 15 to 60 degrees. On inclined slopes there are dormers or dormer windows, bay windows, cuckoos, which creates an even more respectable view of the roof.

This design has its advantages over other types of mansard roofs:

• the design is more resistant to intense gusts of wind, which occurs due to the lack of gables;
• due to the large number of slopes, rain and melt water is more efficiently removed from the roof surface;
• the special design of the truss frame allows you to get a spacious attic room, which is especially important for one-story houses with a hipped roof;
• thanks to the use of wood to create a roof frame and the ability to choose any roofing material, the construction of a four-slope structure will not be much more expensive than the construction of a gable.

The structure of the four-pitched roof structure includes the following mandatory elements:

• a ridge, which is located at the top of the roof and is the intersection of inclined slopes;
• four inclined surfaces, which are located at a certain angle to the rectangular base of the roof and covered with roofing material;

• overhangs are parts of the roof formed by fillies or elongation of the rafter legs protruding beyond its perimeter, which protect the walls from moisture;
• a truss frame that forms the geometry of the roof and is hidden under the roofing material;
• roofing cake, consisting of a hydro-, heat- and vapor barrier layer, which is arranged on a rafter frame in order to insulate the building and protect it from negative environmental influences;
• gutter system, which ensures the removal of excess water from the roof surface. It is represented by an external drain, which incorporates a gutter, a water intake funnel and a vertical pipe;
• snow retainers are small horizontal sides located along the edges of inclined slopes and prevent the collapse of the snow mass accumulated on the roof.

The scheme of the hipped roof allows you to more clearly and in detail study its design.

Roof truss system made of wooden elements

The rafter system, the photos clearly show this, is a wooden frame on which the hipped roof rests. It incorporates many mandatory and auxiliary elements, which are made mainly from coniferous wood. The following elements are presented on the drawing of the truss system of a hipped roof:

• mauerlat in the form of four beams with a section of 10 × 10 cm or 15 × 15 cm, located along the perimeter of the load-bearing walls, is designed to absorb the load from the roof and evenly distribute it to the load-bearing walls of the building;
• bed - a wooden beam, which is placed on the inner load-bearing wall and serves as a support for the racks used in the layered truss system;
• rafter legs in the form of wooden boards with a section of 5 × 5 cm or 10 × 15 cm define the geometry of inclined slopes and are the basis for a roofing pie.
• the ridge run is the highest point of the roof and is represented by a wooden beam resting on vertical racks. Rafter legs are attached to them;

• racks are represented by vertical supports installed on a bed, and serve to support the ridge run and the middle of the rafter leg;
• struts, wooden bars attached to the rafter legs at an angle and preventing them from bending;
• the crossbar and puff are represented by horizontal jumpers made of metal or wood, which connect pairs of rafters, while reducing the load on the walls. The crossbar is installed at the top of the rafter legs, and the tightening is at the bottom.
• trussed trusses - vertical risers for sloping rafters;
• the crate is the basis for the installation of roofing material. It can be solid or lattice, which is determined by the type of roofing.

During the installation of the truss system of a hipped roof, layered, outdoor and ordinary rafters are used. The layered elements diverge from the ridge to two opposite corners of the house. They form triangular end inclined surfaces. Ordinary rafters are mounted along the ridge run in pairs. They form trapezoidal facade slopes. Outdoor elements, having different lengths, rest on the layered rafters with their upper part.

Types of pitched roofs. Photos of interesting options

Four-pitched roofs include several types of structures that have the same number of inclined surfaces, but a different device.

The classic design is the hip design, as seen in the photo of a house with a hipped roof. It consists of two triangular-shaped slopes, and two - trapezoidal. The place of their connection is called the ridge, which has a length much smaller than the length of the house. The hip roof is a structure of increased complexity, in which design and installation are a very time-consuming and complex process that requires certain skills and experience.

This design is suitable for the base of a rectangular building. This is the most aesthetically pleasing roof option. However, it is also the most difficult, both in terms of the necessary calculations and in terms of construction technology, since a complicated truss frame is used here, which is proved by the scheme of the truss system, which requires additional measurements and adjustment of the material on site.

The half-hipped Dutch roof simultaneously refers to a gable and four-slope structure. It consists of two inclined trapezoidal slopes and two truncated triangular hips. Small hips do not completely replace the gables, which makes it possible to install simple vertical windows, which are much cheaper than dormers. In the photos presented on the Internet, you can see a variety of projects of houses with a gable roof of this type.

The half-hip Danish design has four trapezoidal slopes that differ in size. Truncated hips do not depart from the ridge, but slightly lower, leaving room for a triangular pediment. There is usually a dormer or vertical window here for additional natural light, as seen in the photo of a house with a hipped roof. This design is the most resistant to strong winds. Therefore, it is advisable to arrange it for houses located in areas with increased wind activity.

A four-pitched mansard roof consists of two triangular-shaped hips and two broken surfaces, with a varying angle of inclination. Such a complex structure helps to get an overall attic with a high ceiling, which is especially important for one-story houses. Projects with a hipped roof of this design are a clear confirmation of this.

A four-slope hipped roof is erected on square-shaped buildings, mainly used for frame houses. The rafter system does not provide for the presence of a ridge run. The design consists of inclined surfaces of the same size and triangular shape, which are connected at the peak.

How to calculate a hipped roof?

Before you build a hipped roof, you need to make all the calculations, which determine the amount of material for the construction of the truss frame, the installation of the roofing pie and the laying of the roof. The calculation can be carried out using special computer programs and a four-pitched roof drawing. However, it is better to do it yourself, using elementary mathematical formulas.

Helpful advice! At this stage, you should choose the roofing material, on which the angle of inclination of the roof will depend. The sharper it is, the longer the roof slope and the greater the material consumption.

At the first stage, the angle of inclination of the slopes is determined. It depends on the climatic features of a particular region, the purpose of the attic space, the choice of roofing material, the calculation of which can be seen on the diagrams located on specialized sites on the Internet.

The angle of inclination can be in the range from 5 to 60 degrees. For regions with abundant precipitation and strong winds, you should choose an angle of inclination in the range from 45 to 60 degrees. If the region is characterized by winters with little snow, rare rains and low-intensity winds, then the angle can be chosen much smaller.

For a tilt angle of 5-18 degrees. preference should be given to rolled materials, for an angle of 14-30 degrees. it is advisable to use asbestos-cement sheets or.

Next, the height of the roof ridge is calculated. For this, special tables or trigonometric formulas for a right triangle are used. After that, it is necessary to calculate the rafters, the cross section of which is selected taking into account the load. This takes into account the weight of the truss structure, roofing cake, the angle of inclination of the slopes and the impact of the environment. Next, the step of the rafters is determined, followed by a check of their bearing capacity.

When drawing up a drawing of a hipped roof, you should decide on the device of the truss system. The type of rafter system, the diagrams clearly display this, it is selected based on their method of attaching the rafters. Houses with load-bearing walls or pillar supports require the use of layered rafters. Where it is not possible to arrange a support, hanging rafters should be made.

Related article:

Design and advantages of hip roofs. Basic elements, scheme, models with a bay window. Calculation and development of drawings. Do-it-yourself installation.

How to calculate the area of ​​\u200b\u200ba hipped roof and calculate the roofing?

The calculation of a hipped roof is carried out in compliance with certain rules:

1. The general drawing of the truss system of a hipped roof must be decomposed into separate geometric shapes with all sizes applied.
2. The length of the slope is determined by measuring the distance from the ridge to the extreme line of the eaves.
3. The calculation of the area of ​​all figures is carried out using mathematical formulas.
4. Each sloping roof slope is calculated by the formula where the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe figure should be multiplied by the cosine of the angle, which corresponds to the location of the roofing material.
5. If the inclined slope has the shape of an irregular triangle, it must be divided into regular shapes and the calculation performed.
6. After receiving data for each of the elements, the final values ​​are summarized.

When calculating the total area of ​​a four-slope roof, it is not necessary to subtract the areas of small elements, such as dormer windows, chimneys, skylights or parapets. Their areas are so small that they will not lead to large financial costs.

Important! It should be remembered that the area of ​​the roof does not match the area of ​​the roofing material.

Each roofing material has the peculiarity of overlapping, the amount of which depends on the specific type of product, which, accordingly, increases material consumption.

When calculating the roofing material, it is necessary to add 15% of the stock of material to the total roof area, which overlaps. You should also take into account the amount of waste, to which you need to add another 20%.

Having the result obtained, it is necessary to correctly calculate the amount of sheet roofing material. To do this, the total value is divided by the area of ​​​​one sheet. The length of the sheet of material is determined by the height of the slope. However, it should be remembered that the longer the sheet, the more difficult the process of its transportation. Therefore, based on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe roof, the most suitable size is selected.

If the roof has large dimensions, it is better to give preference to soft roofing materials, the use of which generates a minimum amount of waste. However, it should be borne in mind here that these coatings require the installation of a continuous crate, which increases additional costs.

How to make a hipped roof at home with your own hands?

Do-it-yourself construction of a hipped roof structure, drawings and photos on the Internet will help in this matter, is a laborious but doable process that requires correct calculations and a certain sequence of actions.

The roof rafter system is a powerful and durable frame that can withstand all the loads of the roof, including roofing cake and roofing. The reliability and strength of the roof depends on the correct and accurate calculation of the load on the truss system.

It must withstand permanent and temporary impacts. The constants include the weight of the roof, the weight of all elements of the truss frame, the mass of the roofing cake. Temporary impacts include the influence of the environment, the weight of workers and equipment during repair work on the roof.

Having in front of you a diagram of the truss system, you can proceed with the construction of a wooden frame. First you need to install the main structural elements on which the rafter legs are attached.

Do-it-yourself installation of the rafter system structure begins with the arrangement of the base for the future frame. To do this, a Mauerlat is installed, which is erected along the perimeter of the upper row of load-bearing side walls. Next, you should install the bed for the ridge support and mount the vertical racks. They should be located strictly at an angle of 90 degrees. The slightest deviations can lead to deformation of the entire structure. The step of the racks is no more than 2 m. It is necessary to fix the ridge beam on the racks, the section of which is selected taking into account the load of the central part of the truss frame.

Helpful advice! For large roof structures, it is advisable to install several beds.

• installation of diagonal rafters, the lower part of which is attached to the Mauerlat by cutting;
• installation of central rafters;
• installation of corner rafters that are attached to the diagonal bars;
• puff setting, which is used to secure the legs at the skate;
• installation of the central racks, which are attached to the ridge at one end, and to the puff (crossbar) at the other end;
• installation of struts, which are fixed on the rafter leg and crossbar;
• installation of a sprengel, one part of which is attached to the Mauerlat, and the other to the rafter leg.

After that, the installation of the crate is carried out. Then the roofing pie is laid. It consists of a waterproofing, heat-insulating and vapor barrier layer. This is followed by work on the outer covering of the roof with the selected roofing material in compliance with the peculiarities of its installation.

Important! The durability and reliability of the entire structure directly depends on how well each attachment point of the roof truss system will be made.

If it is not possible to do the work yourself, you can use the services of specialists in the installation of the truss system, the price of which depends on the complexity of the design, the total area of ​​​​the roof, the type of roofing, the height of the building, the configuration of the roof and the location of the object. The price per m2 of installation of the truss system starts from 400 rubles.

Installation of a roofing pie

The roofing pie of a hipped roof consists of several layers laid in a certain sequence. It is installed on the truss frame, and consists of the following layers:

• a vapor barrier layer in the form of a protective film that prevents the penetration of moisture from the room into the under-roofing system;
• a heat-insulating layer in the form of a heater, placed in the space between the rafters;
• a waterproofing layer in the form of a special material that prevents moisture from entering the room;
• lathing in the form of boards, to which the roofing is mounted.

Important! The quality and durability of the entire roof directly depends on the laying of the layers of the roofing cake in strict sequence.

The lathing in the form of wooden beams with a section of 50 × 50 mm is transversely fastened with nails to the rafter legs in a continuous layer or with a certain step, depending on the roofing. Next, a vapor barrier lash is attached to the crate with an overlap using a stapler. Installation of insulation is carried out in the space between the rafters. Next, a waterproofing layer is attached, the installation technology of which is similar to the vapor barrier layer.

Important! Particular attention during installation deserves the ridge part, where the greatest likelihood of accumulation of condensate vapors.

Do-it-yourself hipped roof for a gazebo

The construction of a cozy gazebo on a personal plot is an ideal option for creating a comfortable recreation area. Depending on the geometric shape, the structure can choose the most suitable type of hipped roof.

For a square gazebo, it is advisable to build a hipped roof with four equal-sized triangular slopes connected at one point. For rectangular structures, hipped roofs are ideal.

Despite the fact that this design is more expensive and more complicated than a gable, it is the most suitable option for a gazebo. A four-pitched roof is the most appropriate solution for this task for a number of reasons:

• due to the large number of inclined slopes, effective protection against precipitation is provided;
• large overhangs are able to retain heat for a long time, which accumulates throughout a sunny day;
• inclined slopes protect well from the penetration of intrusive sunlight, without obstructing the horizon;

• reliable and rigid design guarantees minimal maintenance and routine repairs;
• affordable building materials make this option an ideal and inexpensive solution for arbors;
• due to the fact that the gazebo is a small structure, all installation work on the construction of a hipped roof can be done independently.

How to make a hipped roof for a gazebo?

Before proceeding with the construction of the rafter system for the gazebo, it is necessary to calculate the angle of inclination of the slopes, the height of the ridge and the load for the correct choice of the section of the rafters. Having received the result, it is necessary to draw up a drawing of the truss system, which displays all the dimensions and the relative position of the elements of the truss frame.

Based on the drawing, the necessary elements are prepared and then assembled. The device of a hipped roof for a gazebo consists of the following sequential steps:

1. Reinforcing the top trim of the gazebo frame with a board.
2. Fastening to the strapping of the puff beam using metal corners.
3. Having departed from the middle of the puff the same distance (about 50 cm), it is necessary to install two wooden racks 100 cm high each.
4. Connecting the tops of the racks with a ridge run.
5. Installation of ordinary rafters with the selected step.
6. Fastening the diagonal rafters with nails to the ridge so that they continue the ridge run.
7. Installation of external rafters, which are attached on one side to the diagonal legs, and on the other side are attached to the upper trim of the structure. The step between the rafters is about 60 cm.
8. Laying a waterproofing coating on the rafters with an overlap of one side to the other about 10 cm and fixing it with a stapler. Fastening the waterproofing along the rafters is carried out with the help of counter-battens.
9. Lathing installation.
10. Installation of roofing material with the processing of all joints with sealant.

Having familiarized yourself with the design features, you can safely proceed with the construction of the selected type of hipped roof. However, it should be remembered that in order to obtain a reliable, durable and durable structure, one should not neglect the preliminary calculations of structural elements and strictly follow the algorithm for performing work.

The sequence of works on the construction of the roof truss system. Video instructions