Calculate volume m3 online. Volumes of figures. The volume of the cube. Calculation of the slab foundation: basic formulas and features of work

Usually, a ready-made table for calculating the cubic capacity of roundwood is used for calculations. Vertically - the diameter of the trunk in centimeters (the average figure between the largest and smallest value), horizontally - the length of the log in meters.

Table for calculating the cubic capacity of the forest

Table for calculating the cubic capacity of the forest

Calculation of cubic capacity of round wood

The above table is convenient if you want to calculate the volume of one or more logs. When you need to find out the cubic capacity of a large amount of wood, it can take too much time, so it's better to use another way - to recalculate the warehouse cubic meter into a dense cubic meter.

You can do it like this:

• Lay the logs in stacks, alternately distributing the thin and thick ends in opposite directions.
• If short pieces of logs come across, they can be joined together.
• If the forest consists of logs up to 2 m or more, make two stacks - put two-meter logs or less in the first, and those that are more than 2 m long in the second.
• Try to make the stacks in the form of a rectangle with even corners.
• Measure the width, length and height of each stack separately and multiply the resulting values ​​​​- this is how you find out the storage cubic capacity of the forest.
• Multiplying the resulting figure by a coefficient, you get the mass of a dense cubic capacity. The coefficient for a forest without bark up to 2 m is 0.48, more than 2 m - 0.43. The coefficient for forests with bark up to 2 m is 0.56, and more than 2 m - 0.50.

Of course, so that you do not waste your time, warehouse workers will offer you their services, but this is such a delicate matter that the figure may be far from accurate, and, of course, not in your favor.

More detailed data for log diameters from 10 to 40 cm.

Log diameter from 40 to 75 cm.

Table for calculating the cubic capacity of logs with a diameter of 75 to 110 cm:

Calculation of the cubature of boards and timber

The easiest way to calculate the volume of edged boards is when they are bought in large quantities. All the material is laid out in piles so that the boards fit snugly against each other and have the same length. Then the height, width and length of the stacks are measured with a tape measure, the resulting numbers are multiplied, and you will find out the cubic capacity of the forest. In this way, it is possible to measure the volume of timber and edged boards, which have the same parameters along the entire length.

To calculate the cubature of an unedged board, we proceed in the same way, only the final result is multiplied by a coefficient. The value of the coefficient (from 0.7 to 0.9) is determined by the air gaps between the laid material, and the smaller these spaces, the higher the coefficient is applied.

Single Material Volume Calculation

You can calculate the volume of one edged board in a similar way - measure its length, width and height, multiply them, and you will get the cubic capacity of this board. If the board is unedged, determine its average parameters. To do this, measure the narrowest width and the widest, fold, and then divide in half, and do the same with the height. By multiplying the numbers obtained, you determine the volume of the unedged board.

When erecting the foundation of any structure, an important step is to decide how to calculate the cubature of the foundation. The presented procedure does not require complex mathematical calculations and is performed in a matter of minutes with the knowledge of some individual indicators.

General features of counting and possible solutions

As a general rule, the calculation of the cubic capacity of the foundation is determined by the volume of the erected formwork system. In simple words, what is the capacity of the internal cavity of the formwork, such an amount of concrete will be required to build the base.

You can also set the desired indicator at the design stage according to the available data in the drawn up drawing. At the same time, performing calculations in the second way will allow you to more accurately calculate and prepare the required amount of concrete mix in advance.

Along with the methods for determining the volume described above, with the development of modern information technologies, developers have been able to carry out calculations using special software tools available on the Internet information network.

By driving in the required values, you can almost instantly get not only the desired value, but also expert advice on the rational preparation of the mixture and the recommended proportions of the constituent components.

Carrying out calculations of cubic capacity depending on the type of foundation

From the course of school algebra, the volume of any body can be calculated by finding the product of its height, length and width. However, the calculation of the cubic capacity of common types of house foundation predetermines the consideration of their individual characteristics.

Calculation of the volume of the monolith

This type of base has the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, the edges of which can be found by comparing with the sketch at the planning stage or by actually measuring the erected formwork.

When measuring the height of the formwork, it should be borne in mind that marks of the required level of concrete are made on it, and it is erected with a margin of 10-15 cm.

Watch a video in which an expert tells how to correctly calculate a monolithic slab.

The volume of the presented base is calculated by the general formula: H x A x B, where H is the height, A is the length, B is the width. For clarity, it is worth giving an example. So, with a foundation depth of 0.8 m, a length of 10 m and a width of 10 m, the cubic capacity of the required concrete is 0.8 x 10 x 10 = 80 m3.

To perform more accurate calculations, the volume of the reinforced mesh placed in the internal space of the erected formwork should also be taken into account. However, reinforcement will not be able to greatly affect the overall performance due to its insignificant, in this case, dimensions.

Tape Volume Count

The calculation of the cubature of the strip foundation of the house also comes down to calculating the volume of a rectangular parallelepiped minus the internal hollow areas. Despite the apparent complexity, this indicator is easily calculated in practice.

For the calculation, it is necessary to calculate the volumes of the external and internal parallelepiped according to the drawn up drawing, find their difference, and then add the cubature of the internal tape elements to the result.

So, with the dimensions of the foundation 12 x 15 m and a tape width of 0.5 m, deepened into the soil by 1.5 m, with an internal additional tape 0.6 m wide, the cubature of the base is calculated as follows:

1. We set the cubic capacity of the outer parallelepiped: 12 x 15 x 1.5 = 270 m3.
2. We determine a similar indicator for the internal figure: (12 - 0.5 - 0.5) x (15 - 0.5 - 0.5) x 1.5 \u003d 231 m3.
3. We find the difference between the obtained values: 270 - 231 = 39 m3.
4. We calculate the cubic capacity of the inner tape: (12 - 0.5 - 0.5) x 0.6 x 1.5 = 9.9 m3.
5. The final volume of pouring the strip foundation: 39 + 9.9 = 48.8 m3.

Calculation of the volume of the columnar foundation

The volume of the bases of the columnar type is calculated as the sum of the volumes of two geometric bodies - the parallelepipeds of the column and its sole, multiplied by the total number of supporting elements.

In numerical terms, for the calculation of a columnar foundation for a structure of 8x8 m with a total number of pillars with a 2 m step in 16 copies (4 corner and 12 auxiliary), the soles of which have dimensions of 0.6 x 0.6 x 0.3 m, and the body pillar supports 0.4 x 0.4 x 1, calculated according to the following principle:

1. The final volume of the sole: 16 x 0.6 x 0.6 x 0.3 = 1.73 m3.
2. The final cubic capacity of pillar supports: 16 x 0.4 x 0.4 x 1 = 2.56 m3.
3. The total volume of concrete required: 1.73 + 2.56 = 4.29 m3.

Watch the video on how to correctly calculate the columnar base with your own hands.

Calculation of the volume of a bored foundation with a solid grillage part

The total cubic capacity of the presented type of house foundations is set as the sum of the volumes of bored pillar supports (cylinders) and a monolithic slab of the grillage part (classical parallelepiped). Just as when calculating the cubic capacity of the bases presented above, to calculate the total volume of concrete, you will need to break the figure into its constituent elements, set the volume of each of them and sum the resulting values.

In this case, it must be remembered that the volume of a column or any cylindrical building element is calculated as the product of the base area and the height. In this case, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe sole is found by the formula:

where π is a mathematical constant (3.1415…), D is the diameter of the circle (sole).

For clarity, we give an example, the total volume of the base on 20 supports with a diameter of 0.5 m and a depth of 2 m in the soil, supporting the grillage part with dimensions of 10 x 15 x 0.5 m, is established according to the following principle:

Cubic capacity of pillars: 20 x (3.14 x 0.5 x 0.5 / 4) = 7.85 m3.

1. Cubature of the grillage part: 10 x 15 x 0.5 = 75 m3.
2. Final volume: 7.85 + 75 = 82.85 m3.

Conclusion

The calculation of the cubic capacity of the foundation is a fairly simple event. The calculation of the required amount of concrete is carried out at an intuitive level and is fully realized on its own without special knowledge in construction.

Having correctly calculated the desired indicator, any customer can easily predict their budget in advance and calculate the required amount of the mixture, which will significantly save time.

We often have to ask questions such as: “How much does it take to fill this one?” Or vice versa: “How much of this will fit here?” After all, something constantly has to be transferred somewhere, shifted or transported, something has to be built, attached or rebuilt. And here you have to pick up a regular or laser tape measure and remember the unit of volume - a cubic meter.

Cubic meter- this is a conditional figure (cube), having a length, width and height equal to one meter

How to calculate a cubic meter if these parameters have a different meaning? If their product (the result of multiplication) is equal to one, then the figure they make up has a volume of one cubic meter. For example, a volume measuring 1 m wide, 0.5 m high and 2 m long contains one cubic meter.

In practice, you have to calculate the volumes of various rooms, and here you can be guided by a simple formula: the volume of a right parallelepiped is the product of the base area and the height. A room with an area of ​​32.5 meters and a ceiling height of 2.2 meters has 71.5 cubic meters (cubes). Often the room has a sloping ceiling, and then the question of height arises. In this case, you can take the average value of this parameter and get an approximate volume.

If exact value is required, then it is necessary to mentally divide the room into a parallelepiped having the height of the lowest wall and calculate its volume; then calculate the volume of a parallelepiped having the same area and height equal to the difference between the heights of the highest and lowest walls, divide in half and add to the volume of the first parallelepiped.

Quite often you have to calculate the volumes of various cavities. For example, when pouring a foundation, you need to know the required amount of concrete mix. Everything is quite simple here. In the same way, we multiply the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe base by the height and get the desired value. It is important to perform calculations and measurements in those units of measurement in which you want to find out the desired value. In the case of a concrete mixture, its purchase is usually made in cubes, therefore, we measure the dimensions of the formwork for pouring the foundation in meters.

Conversion to other units

To convert to the required value, you need to remember the rather simple proportions of converting meters to centimeters and millimeters.

Length units:

• 1 m = 100 cm = 1000 mm

Area units:

• 1 m² = 10,000 cm² = 1,000,000 mm²

Volume units:

• 1 m³ = 1,000,000 cm³ = 1,000,000,000 mm³

The amount of liquid is very often measured in liters, it is enough to know that:

• 1 l = 1,000 cm³
• 1,000 l = 1 m³

Quite often you have to calculate the volume based on the weight, and here you need to know the density of the substance. The easiest way is with water, the density of which is 1t / 1m³. That is, a ton of water will take one m³ (cube), and a ton of milk, for example, will take about 1,030 cubic meters.

Sand has a density of 1.3 t/m³ to 1.8 t/m³. This means that one m³ weighs from 1.3 to 1.8 tons.

The calculation of the cubature of lumber has subtleties. If the board is edged and the same, it is enough to take one, measure the length, thickness, width, multiply these parameters, and then multiply the resulting value by the total number. This will be the desired value.

But when using an unedged board, as it is more affordable, it is impossible to accurately measure the dimensions of one unit, all samples have different proportions. In this case, the material is stacked with aligned ends without overlapping boards inside the stack, and three parameters of the entire stack are measured, multiplied using a reduction factor from 0.5 to 0.7, which is the desired value.

It also happens that you have to calculate the capacity of cylindrical objects (barrels, tanks, and the like). The base here is a circle, and its area is equal to the product of the number pi (π \u003d 3.14) and the square of the radius (half the diameter) or S \u003d πR².

In practical life you can also apply such a fairly simple method for determining the volume of liquids or bulk substances - a cubic meter contains 1 thousand liters or 100 ten-liter buckets. Some may find it troublesome to carry and count buckets of sand or water, but this method is accurate and publicly available.

Calculation example

Suppose you need to fill a strip foundation for a structure measuring 8 by 12 meters, divided into three rooms by walls 8 and 6 meters long. Let's take a foundation width of 40 cm, a height of a meter. The length will be 54 meters, and the volume of the foundation will be 0.4 * 1 * 54 = 21.6 m³. This value can be safely rounded up to 22 m³.

The preparation of a cubic meter of concrete mix for pouring the foundation requires approximately 350 kg of cement, 800 kg of sand, 1200 kg of crushed stone and 140 liters of water. This means that the entire foundation needs 154 bags of cement of 50 kg (7.7 tons), 17.6 tons of sand, 26.4 tons of crushed stone and about 3 cubic meters of water.

This is a completely approximate calculation, offhand, allowing you to simply estimate the size of the upcoming material and labor costs. By the way, the amount of soil excavated under the foundation will be comparable, or even higher, than the volume of the foundation itself, although it is not completely in the ground. This is explained by the fact that the trench under the foundation is digging wider for the installation of formwork and related work.

In the same way, you have to calculate the required volume when, for example, moving or sending some goods or cargo. After all, no one wants to overpay for the extra volume of the body of the ordered car, transport container or railway car.

It is enough just to remember (look on the Internet) elementary geometric formulas from the school curriculum and apply common sense. After all, you can always approximately calculate the volume of furniture when moving or boxes when sending goods and evaluate the upcoming efforts and costs. And for more accurate, final calculations, you can always resort to the help of specialists. Moreover, the preliminary result is more or less known, and this can serve as some kind of check when agreeing on conditions.

Video

From this video you will learn how to independently calculate the cubature.

Quite often, during construction or repair work, there is such an urgent need to calculate cubic meters. This is explained by the fact

that you need to get the required consumption of materials, and it already determines the cash costs for future construction. This allows you to properly plan the budget, and, starting from it, you can draw up a schedule for this event. At first glance, this is a very complicated procedure. But if you understand this issue a little, it turns out that there is nothing complicated about it, and how to calculate cubic meters is done easily and simply.

A simple solution

The simplest solution in this situation is to take measurements and use a calculator and formulas to get the desired result. For example, for

a rectangular room is enough to measure the height, width and length. Then we simply multiply them - and we already know its volume. Using this method, you can both calculate cubic meters in an apartment, and in any container. It doesn't matter what form it is. There are mathematical formulas for various objects. Applying them, it is not difficult to get the required value. If the room has a complex shape, it makes sense to break it into several simple parts, to make calculations for each of them separately. Then the results obtained are summarized, the final value of the volume is obtained.

Density

Another method of determination is based on density. Another from the course that this physical parameter is equal to the mass divided by the volume. For example, we know the mass of a tree and its density. It is enough to share one
to the second, and the required value will be obtained.

Computer help

The easiest way to solve this problem is with a personal computer. Many programs have been developed to carry out such calculations. Some of them use the results of measurements as initial data. In others, it is possible to create a three-dimensional model and use it, for example, to convert square meters to cubic meters, and vice versa. Understanding the interface of such software products is not difficult, it takes very little time. If necessary, in such software, you can set a different step of the coordinate grid. If you change its dimension, you can convert cubic centimeters to meters

with one click. As a result, it can be noted that such complexes greatly simplify the process of budgeting for future repairs.

Conclusion

This material is devoted to how to calculate cubic meters in various cases. The easiest way is to make the necessary measurements in advance, assemble the model in a special program and calculate the required values ​​according to the given parameters. If it is not possible to use specialized software, then you can resort to another method. The program can be replaced by formulas, a piece of paper and a calculator. Such a calculation will take more time, and its accuracy will be lower. Also in this case, it is necessary to use the reference literature, from where you first need to select the appropriate formulas.

Doubt or do not know how to calculate the cubature of the foundation? There is nothing complicated in this matter. You can start the necessary calculations immediately after drawing up the project, guided by ready-made drawings, or you can go the other way and make a more accurate calculation of the required materials.

Calculation Formula

The required amount of concrete must match the formwork parameter. Therefore, in order to calculate the cubic capacity of concrete for driving the foundation, it is necessary to know the geometric dimensions of the form. Armed with a tape measure, we measure the already delivered form, and rely on the necessary parameters:

• width;
• height;
• length.

As long-term construction practice shows, relying on ready-made formwork in calculations, you can get more accurate calculations than guided by the dry numbers of working drawings. In addition, by making repeated measurements, it is possible to identify errors in the installation of the form for the foundation and eliminate them in time.

In the case of simple figures, the calculation formula is as follows:

(L x W) H=V

When performing calculations, the values ​​\u200b\u200bshould be brought into a single system of calculations - cm, m. With regard to concrete, the parameter most often used is m 3, less often liters. When converting a unit of measurement between quantities, the proportion is used: 1 m 3 of concrete \u003d 1000 l. At the same time, the density of the composition does not affect the quantitative indicators. A mixture compacted, for example, by vibration, in its cubature corresponds to the displacement, as well as materials for concreting made using conventional technologies.

In the case of building a foundation of complex configuration, the object is conditionally divided into simple figures - parallelepipeds or other simple elements (circles, cylinders, etc.). The calculation is made for each element separately, the obtained values ​​are summarized.

Calculation of the slab foundation: basic formulas and features of work

The basis in the form of a slab is the easiest type of foundation to calculate. To purchase the required amount of mortar for erection, two steps must be taken:

• measure the length, width and height of the foundation sole. The dimensions must correspond to the size of the formwork used. In the preliminary calculation of the cost of purchasing the material and the presence of one pit for future construction, its height is used minus the size of the sand cushion;
• multiply the area of ​​the structure by its height. The resulting value is the calculated practical cubic capacity, which must be ordered or manufactured.

Many people wonder whether the amount of reinforcement used should be taken into account when making a calculation. Practicing construction organizations do not take into account this value due to its insignificance in the total amount of material.

Calculation of the strip foundation: methods available for beginners

The tape basis is geometrically a hollow parallelepiped. There are two methods to calculate the exact cubature of concrete mortar for foundation work.

Method 1

Its essence lies in a separate calculation of the corresponding characteristics of the external and internal profile. To do this, each of the structural elements, including the stiffeners, are taken as independent geometric shapes. The indicators are determined in relation to all elements and subsequently summarized.

Method 2

With this method, the derivative of the multiplication of the total length of the outer and inner contours by the area (W x H) of the tape section is considered.

Important. The strip foundation with a hollow structure is most often U-shaped. In this case, the volume of the cross-base must be added to the results obtained.

Pile foundation and methods for its calculation

The pile foundation is a complex of cylindrical supports. To find out the final number equivalent to the amount of the required solution, you need to calculate the area of ​​the product of the circle that forms the basis of the support: the constant PI (3.14) is multiplied by the squared radius. The resulting number must be multiplied with the height of the support. This is the desired data used for further calculations. If the supports are the same, then the number is multiplied by the number of supports, if they are different, then each is calculated, and after that the data is summed up.

Calculation of a bored foundation with a grillage

Not only for an individual developer, but also for experienced craftsmen in the construction industry, it remains a difficult task how to correctly calculate the cubic capacity of concrete for driving a bored foundation with a grillage. But this problem will disappear if you look at a complex structure from a different angle and break it into simpler shapes: into a parallelepiped of a monolithic or tape grillage and into cylinders of supporting supports. Further - a matter of technology - the calculation is carried out according to already familiar formulas and summed up.

Help for inexperienced builders: online concrete calculator

To calculate the cubature of the foundation, you can use the Internet services offered by manufacturers of concrete mixes. The tool presents a form with the columns necessary for the evaluation. After filling in the table, the result is provided automatically within a few seconds.

The advantages of the method include multifactoriality. Depending on its algorithm, the program can take into account not only the geometric parameters, but also the fact of the presence of reinforcement, the strength class, the price of ordering the finished mixture. Using such a calculator, you can not only solve the problem of ordering the right amount of mortar, but also check your own calculations to determine the capacity of formworks with complex configurations.

How many materials are needed: the classic composition formula

Having figured out how to calculate the cubic capacity for the foundation, we move on to the second part - to the selection of the concrete composition. It is also important to determine the proportions of concrete in conventional concrete mixer buckets in order to simplify the process of dosing the components as much as possible. For example, to create a conventional mortar for foundation work, you will need:

• 25 kg of cement;
• 75 kg of sand (5 buckets). The calculation is based on the density of the dry sand mixture - 1600 kg / m 3. When filling wet material, appropriate amendments should be made;
• 125 kg of gravel (8 buckets). Despite the fact that the stone, at first glance, seems to be heavier than sand, due to its shape, it does not occupy the entire space of the container. When calculating concrete, crushed stone with a medium-sized fraction is taken into account by default;
• 11.5 liters of water.

Calculation in buckets is based on an average product weight of 15 kg/ bucket. The design grade of concrete is M400, the grade of Portland cement is M500.

In order to manually make a composition that is homogeneous in its consistency and properties, it is necessary to follow the following mini-instruction step by step.

Mixture preparation

Pour 7 liters of water into the mixer and start it. Then most of the crushed stone and all the cement are gradually added. After laying the entire prepared mass of sand and the rest of the rubble. The remaining water is topped up after all the components have been laid in order to obtain concrete of the desired consistency. Such a non-standard bookmark will help to prepare a high-quality solution without the formation of lumps and the necessary rigidity.

Finishing the mixture

After the mixture has reached readiness, it must be poured into a wheelbarrow and transported to the place of laying. If you have a mobile concrete mixer, you can simplify the process of concrete supply to the maximum. To do this, you need to install it near the foundation so that the finished mixture falls immediately into the prepared formwork.

In order to avoid the loss of mortar during the direct pouring of the foundation, a metal ledge can be installed on the formwork, which will be located directly under the concrete mixer.

In the absence of specialized equipment (mixer), concrete can be mixed manually. But this method is considered the least effective due to the difficulties in providing the necessary period of mixing of the mixture, in which the processes of creating new physico-chemical bonds between all elements of the composition take place.

In conclusion, the correct calculation of concrete for driving the base of a future building will give a very clear idea of ​​how much to purchase a working solution or material for its manufacture, which will significantly reduce construction costs.