Description of the balcony Loggia and balcony: what is the difference between designs? Additional information on the arrangement of balconies and loggias
It is almost impossible to imagine any building in the modern world without a loggia or a balcony. Even if they do not carry any economic function, they are necessarily an addition to the interior of the facade of the house.
In this case, the types of balconies play an important role. It is on how well it is selected that the aesthetics of the external appearance of the facade will depend. Therefore, it is necessary to understand this issue in detail.
Balconies by the way they are arranged
Types of balconiesBy and large, a balcony is a platform, which consists of a concrete slab (base) and a fence. But the appearance of the balcony may differ depending on the way it is constructed.
- Console. Basically, such balconies can be found in residential buildings of the last century. The name comes from what is supported by special consoles fixed in the wall. Mounting depth at least 40 cm.
- Instead of mounting several consoles, a monolithic console plate is often used. That is, instead of a conventional slab, a cantilever slab is installed, which is pinched between the ceilings.
- On supports. Such designs are very interesting. They are equipped with the help of supports, deepened into the soil. It is thanks to them that you can significantly increase, and give the supports themselves an original design in the form of columns. But there are also disadvantages of this type of balcony. It cannot be equipped above the level of the second floor, since inconsistency may arise in the process of settling the foundation of the house and supports, which will lead to a skewing of the slab.
- Attached types of balconies are a more modern type, the fastening of which is carried out using special side supports. In order to reduce the load, additional racks are installed in front of the plate.
- Attached. Fastening is provided using basic consoles. In this case, there is also a need to equip the front racks.
- Mounted. The fastening device is carried out due to special metal structures, on which a balcony slab is hung.
A monolithic cantilever slab is not suitable for houses built from expanded clay, gas blocks or foam blocks. These types of materials are not able to withstand a significant lateral load.
Under the racks in the attached type, a foundation is necessarily made.
Balconies according to the method of their glazing
With the help of glazing of balconies, you can organize not only their protection from climatic conditions and create coziness inside the room, but also provide a unique design of the balcony structure. Glazing types are classified very broadly, from the structure of the structure to the material used for these purposes.
For cold glazing, light double-glazed windows are used. This type of glazing is used in cases where the balcony room must be closed from dust, wind, rain and snow. The elements of cold glazing are lightweight profiles with single-chamber double-glazed windows. Most often, wood or aluminum structures are used for profiles. Structures of this type benefit from the following parameters:
- ease of installation;
- small price;
- low weight, which reduces the load on the floors;
- a sufficiently high degree of illumination;
- aesthetic appearance.
But, choosing this type of glazing, you should be aware of its disadvantages:
- the temperature on the balcony with cold glazing is only a couple of degrees different from the street temperature;
- in case of heat and direct sunlight, additional protection is required;
- in some cases, the installation of mosquito nets is excluded.
Warm glazing
For this type of glazing, double or triple glazing is used. The warm type of glazing of balconies has become very popular lately. This is due to the fact that, using this type of protection for a balcony room and after additional insulation of the fence and walls, it is possible to construct a full-fledged living room.
For its arrangement, aluminum profiles with built-in heat-insulating inserts and two- or three-chamber double-glazed windows are used.
The benefits include:
- ensuring a comfortable temperature in winter;
- reliable sound insulation;
- protection against moisture ingress;
- beautiful aesthetic design.
But still there is a serious drawback in this species. This type of glazing is heavy enough that it cannot be used for installation in every home.
french balcony
Very often we meet such a concept as a French-type balcony, while we understand little of its meaning. So, it is more of a design decision that has nothing to do with its practical application. About types, see this video:
There is no balcony space as such, its greatest width is a small ledge on which a person's foot can fit. The fence is most often metal, although wood is not excluded.
Settled right in front of the glazed part of the main room. From the French balcony you can admire the beauties of the area that are visible from your home.
Modern trends in the field of building design have led to the fact that the balcony has long ceased to be a technical area for unnecessary trash and forgotten ski poles. Competent repair solutions can make the balcony an interesting place to relax, where you can spend your free time. A warm and beautiful balcony will add comfort and space to your home. It all depends on your means and imagination, it can be both beautiful and modest French balconies, as well as lush and expensive Italian ones. Let's try to understand the types and features of balconies based on products from Vikna Online, a manufacturer of metal-plastic windows ().
A balcony is a platform that protrudes from the facade of a building for some distance. How it will look, and what functionality it will have, is up to its owner to decide.
Types of balconies
Balconies can be classified into different categories.
By openness
There are two types of balconies - closed and open. Open balconies are not glazed, while closed balconies, in turn, can be warm or cold, depending on what temperature you want to maintain on the coldest days.
By design features
In this category, three types of balcony structures can be classified: on cantilever beams or reinforced concrete slabs (mainly in old buildings), balconies with external supports (usually they are columns, used for the first two floors), as well as loggias that do not have protrusions outside the facade of the building and are part of the room.
Modern technologies allow the installation of ready-made balcony structures to the building, even in those places where they were not planned by the house project. Attached and attached structures suggest the presence of a free area under the future balcony and, preferably, the floor is not higher than the second. Hinged balconies are mounted on special fasteners that are hung on the facade of the building.
By national origin
The French balcony is the most widespread in our country. Initially, this type assumes a very narrow design, in which it is very problematic for even one person to fit on it. However, over time, under the understanding of the French balcony, the construction of double-glazed windows is increasingly assumed. The transparent design will add not only light to the apartment, but also the elegance and sophistication inherent in France. Double-glazed windows can be chosen both transparent and tinted. With the choice of tinted glass, it is better to be careful, avoiding intrusive colors, because over time they can become boring and annoying. An authentic "Frenchman" can sometimes be found in very old Soviet houses, however, apart from decor, it does not carry any other purpose.
American balconies are large. The width and length are so large that sometimes there is more space than in many "Khrushchevs", therefore, in domestic realities, such designs have not become widespread.
Italian balconies stand out for their diversity and splendor, as if taking us to different architectural eras. An abundance of various bas-reliefs, forged figures, railings and columns make a real work of art out of an ordinary boring balcony, but serious financial investments will be needed to achieve such a result.
Spanish designs are the exact opposite of Italian ones. Their distinguishing feature is conciseness and simple (rectangular or square) shapes. It is desirable to dilute such asceticism with flower arrangements. Such a solution will bring a beautiful view for very little money.
It can be concluded that, regardless of the design and age of the building, a solution to the balcony issue can always be found. Modern technologies will allow you to achieve the desired result without a strong blow to your wallet, and a competent approach to decoration and design solutions will make this area not only functional and comfortable, but also very beautiful and aesthetic. In order to avoid problems in installation and operation, it is better to entrust this issue to specialists. A professional approach will save you a lot of time, effort and money.
Most are currently thinking about holding. In fact, this is a rather wise decision, since such a step will help to significantly increase the total usable area of \u200b\u200ban apartment or house. And besides, it will protect the room from the penetration of cold and drafts. At this stage, before making a final decision, it is necessary to understand what types of glazing of balconies and loggias are. In total, all options can be divided into the following groups:
- Depending on the type of construction: warm and cold glazing.
- Considering the materials used: wood, aluminum and plastic.
- And also, a separate type, frameless glazing can be noted.
Types of glazing of balconies and loggias by type of construction
As mentioned earlier, according to the type of construction, glazing can be divided into cold and warm, let's take a closer look at the features of each of them.
cold glazing
For the most part, balconies and loggias, equipped in public places, play the role of a place that provides fresh air to the room. Therefore, cold glazing is often used. This method is distinguished by a rather long operating period, and in addition, high strength indicators. Therefore, it has found its application in residential apartments and houses.
This option is suitable if the issue of temperature on the balcony is not so important, and it is not supposed to be used in winter.
In particular, this type of glazing is most often made of aluminum profiles. Aluminum itself copes quite well with all the tasks assigned to it. Well interferes with penetration of drafts, dust, dirt and moisture. When using cold glazing, it guarantees the most comfortable microclimate in all rooms. In addition, such glazing is as light as possible, which allows you to mount systems on the balconies of old houses, even without additional strengthening of the parapet. Direct installation is carried out in just one day.
Warm glazing
This type of glazing is preferred if it is necessary to maintain the temperature on the balcony. In particular, when deciding to create an additional cozy corner that will be used all year round. And such a solution is not uncommon, since quite often the balcony is used as a working area, or for arranging a small winter garden.
For the most part, plastic windows are used as warm glazing, which are able to provide full-fledged tightness of the room. Which in turn allows you not to worry about the penetration of cold, moisture, dust or noise.
In addition, the systems have a rather attractive appearance, and go well with any interior solution. Thus, each window will please with its practicality and beauty.
It should also be noted that the cost of such systems is much higher, but at the same time, it must be taken into account that they pay for themselves with significant savings in heating, as well as an operational period that reaches 50 years. In addition, plastic glazing does not require special care, unlike wood, for example. It will be enough to wash it with a damp cloth using detergent and that's it.
A little advice. When choosing, pay attention to the presence of a ventilation system, since its absence can lead to the formation of condensate, respectively, and the destruction of the structure.
Types of glazing of loggias and balconies depending on the material
The decision to glaze the balcony is already the beginning of the journey. But if you do not yet know what step to take next, we will tell you. Initially, you should decide on the choice of material from which the glazing of your balcony will be made.
To begin with, decide on the purpose and tasks that glazing should perform. In particular, decide on the type of construction, warm or cold.
- If a balcony is needed only in warm weather, and the task of glazing in winter is only protection from drafts, dust and precipitation, then the cold option will be the most reasonable solution.
- If it is necessary to expand the usable area and make an additional room, then warm glazing is needed here.
plastic frames
Considering the option using plastic, it should be noted that the material has a fairly high rate of thermal insulation characteristics, which makes it the most suitable for warm glazing. This solution will keep the room temperature even on the most severe winter days. Note that the thermal conductivity of the walls, the quality of installation and many other factors become an important factor here. Therefore, only installing windows will not work. Otherwise, the external and internal temperatures will differ by 15-17 degrees, which is not enough in winter.
wooden frames
This option has been used for quite a long time. Among the main advantages of such glazing, the following should be noted:
- Small weight of the structure
- No synthetic materials in production.
- And, of course, environmental friendliness.
But do not lose sight of the fact that such material requires special care, in addition, if the protective coating is not updated in a timely manner, the material will crack, which adversely affects the tightness, and also the appearance.
aluminum frames
One of the most popular materials is aluminum. This solution will help create the most durable and durable balcony. The structures themselves are fire-resistant, resistant to corrosion, and besides, they have a rather beautiful appearance. In addition, recently there has been a mass of models of aluminum glazing from a number of warm systems. This factor allows you to use quite unique systems for both cold and warm glazing of balconies and loggias.
In addition, due to new production systems, aluminum profile windows are as tight as possible, which completely eliminates the penetration of moisture, drafts and noise onto the balcony.
Frameless glazing
Frameless balcony glazing is also becoming quite a popular option. Such a solution is usually based on an aluminum profile, which is provided throughout the balcony. For the most part, such a solution becomes cold, but at the same time, you can also notice new technologies on the window systems market that allow you to perform a warm version of this kind.
But let's look at such a unique option in more detail. Since the frameless version is gaining more and more popularity. In total, the system uses a lot of variations of glass decoration, it can be used both completely transparent and tinted, matte, tempered and even colored. In addition, it should be noted the possibility of arranging sashes of various types, in particular:
- Pendulum. This solution will allow you to open windows in any direction.
- Swing. The standard solution, in this case, the window sashes open inwards.
- And sliding, here the sashes simply move apart to the sides.
The main advantage of this solution is the maximum light transmission due to the large glass area. At the same time, in the case of using tinted glass or using another type, the penetration of sunlight can be completely excluded, or it can be controlled.
Advantages
- The main advantage of this type of glazing is the absence of any restrictions on the operational period, the creation of non-standard forms, such as a balcony. It should also be noted that this option is completely transparent, which complements the design of the house in general. Also a distinctive feature is the mass of variations of the opening. The design can be shifted, opened like a book without any effort.
- You can also note the use of tempered glass up to one centimeter thick, which ensures complete safety of use. Such glass will not only not be damaged by atmospheric action, but will not break during mechanical action. In addition, when damaged, fragments are not formed, but it simply crumbles into small cubes without sharp edges.
- And the last is maximum tightness. That will protect against the penetration of dust, dirt and precipitation. At the same time, due to the ease of movement of the sashes, the windows can be easily washed.
disadvantages
All designs have a number of inherent disadvantages, and frameless glazing is no exception to the rule.
- First of all, such a solution becomes just a kind of glass curtain, and is not a warm glazing. Thus, in winter, the temperature on the balcony will not be maintained. Which makes it impossible to use the balcony to expand the area. Except for the provision of new warm systems, which are quite expensive.
- Another disadvantage is the panoramic view from the street to everything that happens inside. For the upper floors, this does not become a problem, but in the case of the lower ones, it will cause some discomfort. But at the same time, tinted or mirrored glass can be provided, which will eliminate this drawback.
- The next will be the inability to install mosquito nets. Since it is not possible to fix them on a mobile structure. As a result, with open windows, a mass of insects will tend to fly inside.
- And, of course, the cost of this type of construction is also quite high. Imported systems can cost $300, while domestic systems can cost up to $200 per square meter, which, given a large area, is quite a tidy sum.
But it is up to you to decide which glazing to provide for your balcony. We hope this information was quite useful and helped in making a decision about a. We also suggest watching a video that tells in more detail about the types of glazing:
The spaces formed by the protruding horizontal structures of buildings are referred to as summer premises. It is advisable to place open summer rooms (balconies) in the temperate climate zone in the common room and kitchen, and in the southern regions and in the bedroom.
The depth of the summer premises should be at least 90 cm for medium climatic regions and at least 120-180 cm for the southern ones, since beds and places for eating are often placed there in summer.
Balconies, bay windows, loggias significantly increase the comfort of apartments due to the connection with the external environment and at the same time they enrich the plasticity of facades. The rationality of their use depends on the climatic features of the construction area. In hot climates, balconies and loggias shade the interior from excessive insolation.
Bay windows, giving an increase in illumination and insolation of the internal volume of the room, are good to use in the northern regions.
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Types of summer premises: 1 - open balcony (a - console, b - on poles); — a balcony with windscreens on one (c) or two (d) sides; 3 - corner balcony; 4 - loggia (d - recessed, e - protruding); 5 - loggia - balcony (w - semi-recessed, 1 - adjacent to the facade plane); 6 - terrace |
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The arrangement of open spaces - balconies and loggias in residential and public buildings of mass construction is carried out from standard factory-made structural elements.
During the construction of buildings on steep slopes or a facade plane yielding in depth, they arrange open terraces located above the exploited volumes. The floors of such terraces serve as exploitable roofs of overlapping volumes, which requires careful attention to waterproofing issues.
The design features of balconies, loggias, bay windows are multivariate and depend on the construction and structural systems of the building.
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Balcony
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Loggia
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Bay window
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Open spaces and bay windows in civil buildings: A - balconies and loggias; B - bay windows; a - an open balcony; b - a balcony with a windscreen; c - built-in loggia; g - remote loggia; d - built-in loggia-balcony; e - remote loggia-balcony; g - asymmetric triangular bay window; h - the same, symmetrical; and - the same, rectangular; 1 - balcony slab; 2 - balcony (loggia) fencing; 3 - windscreen |
Balconies- open cantilever platforms with a removal of 90-120 cm from the plane of the wall, having fences up to 1.0 m high on three sides. The shape of the balconies can be varied - rectangular, trapezoidal, triangular, curvilinear, sawtooth, etc.
Balconies perform two main functions in the apartment: they serve for relaxation and as a place for performing various household chores (planting flowers, drying clothes, airing things, storing food).
In design practice, balconies are used open with windproof walls, and loggias are built-in, remote, as well as remote and built-in loggias-balconies.
According to their static scheme, balcony slabs can work:
as a cantilever plate that transmits the bending moment and vertical support reaction to the wall structure and the building floor;
as a beam slab, which has alternative solutions for supporting the sides: - on cantilever beams, suspension to the internal transverse walls of the building or resting on outriggers.
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Schemes for transferring the bending moment and vertical forces from the balcony slab to the structure: a - external load-bearing wall; b - lightweight concrete floor panel (and outer wall); in - consoles; g - brackets; 1 - balcony slab; 2 - outer wall; 3 - overlap; 4 - sealant; 5 - insulation; 6 - anti-rain comb; 7 - console; 8 - bracket |
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The interface of the balcony slab with the outer wall and ceiling must satisfy not only the strength requirements, but also provide thermal insulation. Therefore, when making balcony slabs from heavy concrete, thermal insulation is laid in the joint between the balcony slab and the floor slab. The balcony slab can be a remote cantilever part of the floor panel molded from lightweight concrete.
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Balcony structures: a - from reinforced concrete slabs; b - on reinforced concrete consoles; 1 - balcony slab; 2 - floor slab; 3 - insulation; 4- cement screed; 5- waterproofing carpet; b-sex; 7-drain, 8-beam |
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Balcony railings are usually made in the form of a metal lattice. The most critical are the places for embedding fence posts into the slab and handrails into the wall.
Steel parts of balconies must be protected from moisture. To protect the beams from corrosion, they are concreted. Cement-sand or gypsum parts were used as architectural decorations for balconies. Fastening parts are most susceptible to destruction, so special attention is paid to their protection from atmospheric influences.
The balcony slab has a smooth bottom plane or ribs protruding along the contour, but in all cases, along the bottom of the outer edges of the slab, a drip should be arranged to prevent the outer surface of the building wall from getting wet. The upper plane of the balcony slab is made with a slope of 1-2% from the facade plane of the wall.
A waterproofing carpet is laid on top of the slab with its top mounted on the wall of the building. On the waterproofing layer, a floor of ceramic tiles is laid on a cement or asphalt screed, located 50-70 mm below the floor of the room, to which the balcony adjoins and 100-120 mm below the level of the door threshold.
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Connection of a balcony slab with a ceiling of often ribbed slabs with lattice reinforcement - located perpendicular to the balcony projection: a) vertical cut through the structural rib, b) placement of the balcony slab reinforcement; |
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For the arrangement of balconies, special balcony slabs are used. Such slabs in large-block buildings are fastened by pinching the slab between transmission, wall and window sill blocks with welding of steel anchors with embedded parts of the lintel block and balcony slab.
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Balcony slab connection from precast heavy concrete slabs : a) vertical cut through the structural rib, b) placement of the balcony slab reinforcement;
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The upper reinforcement of the balcony is concreted in the channels of the prefabricated slab with a step through one channel.
In large-panel buildings, depending on the structures of the outer walls (bearing, non-bearing) and ceilings, various schemes for arranging balconies are used.
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Balconies of large-element buildings: A - schemes for transferring forces from balcony slabs in panel buildings; a - on load-bearing external walls; b, c - on the floors; g - on attached racks; B - fastening details of balcony slabs in panel walls (type "c"); B - the same, in large-block walls; 1 - panel of the inner wall; 2 - outer wall panel; 3 - balcony slab; 4 - insulating insert; 5 - steel connections; 6 - floor slab; 7 - reinforcing outlets; 8 - cement mortar; 9 - concrete pouring; 10 - sealing; 11 - wall blocks |
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Overlapping of loggia-balconies is performed from balcony slabs, floor panels, as well as from special slabs with a reinforced facade rib. The overlapping of the built-in loggias-balconies is supported on the outer side walls of the loggias, and the external loggias and loggias-balconies are supported on special attached or hinged concrete walls - “cheeks”.
Railings for balconies and loggias consists of a metal grate and blind or lattice fences attached to it - screens.
The railings of balconies and loggias are made of metal gratings fixed in a concrete slab of the loggia (balcony) floor. The fence can be deaf with a lattice lining with decorative sheets of fiberglass, corrugated metal, etc., as well as with a brick wall a quarter of a brick thick.
The floors on the balconies and loggias are made of ceramic tiles, cement ironing of the surface, asphalt.
Loggias can be built into the volume of the building or protrude beyond the facade plane - remote, but in both cases they have a deaf side railing. With loggias built into the volume of the building, the installation of adjacent insulated side (end) walls is required.
In the ceilings of the loggias, wound up on the outer wall, in order to exclude cold bridges, heat-insulating gaskets are installed.
The design of remote loggias is carried out with the help of additional load-bearing or hinged side walls perpendicular to the facade, protruding cantilevers of the frame columns or cantilever beams clamped in the transverse internal walls.
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Loggias in large-element houses: A - schemes of remote loggias; a - with load-bearing walls of loggias; b - with curtain walls of loggias; c - on the consoles of the internal load-bearing walls; d - on the consoles of the frame columns; B - structural elements of loggias in large-block buildings; B - the same in large-panel buildings; 1 - reinforced concrete slab of the loggia; 2 - floor panel; 3 - reinforced concrete screen; 4 - loggia wall; 5 - drain pipe; 6 - latch of the loggia wall; 7 - jumper large block; 8 - plinth decorative panel; 9 - large panel of the outer wall |
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The load-bearing side walls of the loggias are used only for mid-rise buildings. At the same time, to ensure the joint settlement of the loggias and the walls of the building, the side cheeks-walls of the loggias rest on the sections of the foundations of the transverse internal walls, which are carried out beyond the plane of the facade.
The designs of sliding glazing of loggias have been developed, which to the greatest extent meets the requirements of comfort in the middle and northern climatic zones of Russia. When glazing balconies or loggias, a significant drawback arises, which is expressed in a decrease in the luminous flux by an average of 15-20%, since the wide vertical and horizontal imposts of the fencing frames prevent the passage of the luminous flux.
According to the constructive type, a loggia is a room open on one or more sides, included in the total volume of the building and fenced from the outside with a parapet. The loggia can be a separate structure or a type of balcony recessed into the building. Loggias are based in old buildings mostly on slabs or floor beams, in modern construction - on protruding pilasters. The flow of water from the loggias is carried out through the discharge holes. The slope of the loggia floor must be at least 5%. Loggia floors are usually waterproofed with rolled roofing or other insulating material.
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Loggias and terraces: vertical section - a) loggias, b) terraces; 1 - fencing blocks; 2 - floor slabs; 3 - layer forming the slope; 4 - vapor barrier; 5 - crown insulation element; 6 - anti-damp insulation; 7 - cement coating layer; 8 - finishing layer; 9 - layer forming the floor and underground layer; 10 - concrete tiles |
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Frameless glazing eliminates this drawback. It is a frame assembled from four aluminum profiles, which, with an accuracy of 2 mm, repeats the dimensions of the opening of a balcony or loggia. The upper horizontal aluminum profile is load-bearing, with shelves along which a pair of double roller bearings roll, carrying sheets of tempered glass.
The lower profile is a guide. Vertical profiles with brush seals provide a tight abutment of glass to the walls of the loggia (balcony). All elements of the frame are attached to the walls, ceiling and railings of the loggia or balcony. The finished glazing is a solid wall of tempered glass 6 mm thick without frames and vertical posts. For ventilation, a mechanism for fixing open doors is provided.
Bay window- the volume of the internal space of the building, which is carried out beyond the facade plane, provides an increase in the insolation of the usable area of the room and aesthetically enriches the interior. In terms of bay windows, they can have a different configuration - rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal, semicircular, etc.
The bay window is an active means of the composition of the building, it emphasizes the articulation and plasticity of the facade plane. It can be a separate compositional accent, it can be rhythmically repeated along the vertical plane of the building, or, alternating with flat sections of the wall and sunken loggias, create an active light and shade plasticity of the facade.
The walls of the bay windows can be both load-bearing and non-bearing, they can be made in the form of a three-dimensional element hung on the building structure.
With load-bearing walls, bay windows are installed on foundation structures. With a hinged system, the bay window volume may not reach the foundations, interrupted anywhere along the vertical.
The non-bearing lightweight outer walls of the bay window are supported by various types of consoles of internal load-bearing structures - consoles of frame columns, beams pinched in internal walls, consoles of floor slabs.
In hinged bay windows, it is necessary to observe the conditions for thermal protection of its lower and upper floors, which are external enclosing structures.
An industrial three-dimensional bay window element has been developed, intended for use both in new construction and in the overhaul and reconstruction of residential buildings.
The three-dimensional bay window consists of an external reinforced concrete three-layer wall and one upper load-bearing floor, it is manufactured according to bench technology and delivered to the construction site with the maximum degree of prefabrication.
Bay windows are designed with load-bearing, self-supporting and non-bearing external walls. The load-bearing and self-supporting walls of the bay windows are installed on an independent foundation and designed similarly to the structures of the outer walls. The non-bearing outer walls of the bay windows are supported by special cantilever floor slabs that repeat the shape of the bay window plan.
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Bay window design: a - section along the bay window; b - bay window plan; 1 - lightweight outer wall; 2 - overlap; 3 - cement floor; 4 - slag; 5 - parquet; 6 - black floor; 7 - backfill; 8 - reinforced concrete slab; 9 - plaster |
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Brick vaults, which are the load-bearing filling between metal beams, were usually laid out on lime mortar, which, when moistened, quickly collapses with time.
Bay window - a part of the room enclosed by external walls, located behind the outer plane of the facade wall (closed balcony). The bay window increases the useful area of the room and somewhat improves insolation. In addition, it serves as a compositional means for the vertical division of the facade.
The bay window consists of a supporting and enclosing structure. The elements of the supporting structure are two or more single-span beams with cantilevers embedded in the outer or inner walls.
The elements of the bay window enclosing structure (walls, ceilings, floor) must have the necessary thermal resistance and low density, so the material for them is usually hollow ceramics, multi-hole or slotted bricks, foam concrete or reinforced concrete panels with an internal insulating layer. The bay window cover often serves as a balcony of the overlying floor - a flat roof.
Many people are still asking the question: what is the difference between a balcony and a loggia? In fact, the differences between them are quite specific: the loggia is surrounded by walls on three sides, in addition to the front part, but the balcony is not. However, this issue should be considered in more detail, talking about the main types of loggias and balconies.
When a person is going to buy an apartment, he is interested not only in living space, but also in the presence of a balcony in it. Many families simply cannot imagine their home and housekeeping without this element, they carefully create the design of balconies and loggias.
The balcony has no walls on the left and right, unlike the loggia, although it can also be glazed and not glazed But not every modern person can see the differences that characterize balconies and loggias. If you are going to repair or glaze windows with your own hands, be sure to read this article.
A balcony is a territorially fenced area protruding from the outer wall of the facade, used for recreation in the summer. Builders recommend glazing its windows even before entering a new apartment and starting repairing the inside of the building with their own hands. The calculator will help you calculate the right amount of materials.
The design of the protruding element may be different. For example, an independent reinforced concrete slab with a parapet, or beams on which the flooring is installed. The area of this architectural element also varies.
To the right is a balcony, to the left is a loggia In order for the interior to be warm, it is necessary to calculate the amount of materials and glaze the structure. The most common building material for its formation is a reinforced concrete slab. It is possible to make a remote platform made of wood if, according to the project, the house itself is made of a similar material.
You can build a hanging extension inexpensively with your own hands, but it is better to use the services of professionals. Parapets are made from all kinds of modern materials: polymer compositions, metal, asbestos-cement sheets. Glazing windows in such a design will be quite simple. A calculator and calculation of work will help you.
The design of the parapets has some peculiarities. Its height should not be less than 1 meter (according to SNiP).
The fence is very rarely continuous and uniform. It consists of a combination of a frame (metal pipe or angle) and sheet material (slate with brackets).
Repair of the external structure also involves its glazing. To perform these works, plastic double-glazed windows, aluminum structures are best suited.
Scheme of a standard balcony Typical balconies
A building element of this type is considered the most common and simple to arrange. It is a combination of a reinforced concrete slab protruding from the outer wall of the house, which is neatly fenced with a metal grate.
To make it more attractive and safe (according to the rules of SNiP), the slab area is additionally enclosed with slate or concrete slabs. On such a design, you can inexpensively install additional decorative elements made of concrete and metal with your own hands. The area of a typical balcony is limited by its bearing capacity.
Typical balcony nodes that must be repaired every 10 years french balconies
If we consider the form of the French type construction, then the difference from the classical loggia will immediately become noticeable. Its repair and installation is quite simple. If you want to have a spacious balcony in the apartment, then the French design is not suitable for you, since its area is strictly limited.
classic french balcony Using a calculator, builders calculate the size of the bearing platform, which is practically absent. There is only a slight ledge on which a person's foot can stand.
The French version was previously installed not only near the doors, but also on the back of the window. In the modern world, the concept of "French" type means an extension, the windows of which can be glazed from top to bottom, letting the maximum amount of daylight into the room.
Under the "French" balcony today they understand only fully glazed balconies Repair of this design involves sheathing and glazing with your own hands. Modern decoration of balconies and loggias allows you to make it aesthetically attractive and comfortable.
Interestingly, modern French balconies can even have a glazed floor made of very durable, tempered glass or even polycarbonate. True, at the cost of installing such a balcony will be very expensive. But from an aesthetic point of view - everything is fine, it's hard to argue here.
Wrought iron balconies
Wrought iron balcony can rightly be called a work of art. In this case, the difference between a balcony and a loggia will immediately become obvious to customers, since there is an open area.
An example of a French-style wrought-iron balcony railing in a private house Its fence is made of forged metal elements. There is a wide variety of stylistic versions and techniques that will turn the building into a design masterpiece. The windows of the apartment can be located at a sufficiently large distance from the parapet.
His calculation will help to make a calculator. This means that the construction area is larger than in the case of a typical or French balcony. You can easily install loggia and balcony furniture on the platform, turning it into an open veranda.
Glazed balconies
The name itself suggests that the design contains windows completely covered with glass. When professional builders carry out repairs to the premises of the apartment, they will offer you inexpensive glazing of the interior space.
Today, thanks to modern glazing materials, you can even make a completely transparent balcony. Such a measure will also be able to expand the area of \u200b\u200bthe adjacent room. Using a calculator, a team of workers will calculate the size of the window openings. Performing glazing of balconies and loggias, you will get the opportunity to install sliding double-glazed windows on a remote platform.
Today, double-glazed windows (both aluminum and plastic) are going out of fashion, and it has been proven that they are unsafe from an environmental point of view. It is better to prefer classic wooden frames, which visually may not even differ from a double-glazed window - only in color.
Windows and the building itself will be reliably protected from atmospheric influences, and the calculator will make the calculation of consumables as accurate as possible.
Many families want to make a full-fledged room out of a balcony ceiling. To do this, expand the structure, remove part of the doorway. After such a permutation, the total area will increase. If you contact a well-known construction company, it will do the work quickly and inexpensively. Some operations can be done with your own hands, using the necessary tools.
It is advisable to close windows not only with wooden frames, but also with more advanced, modern materials. Glazing of balconies and loggias with an aluminum profile has a lot of advantages: long service life, reliability and practicality.
If you have some building skills, it is better to buy cheap aluminum profiles and install them yourself. The calculator will calculate the length of the profile.
The repair should be completed by insulating balconies and loggias with the best insulating materials. Knowing the total area of \u200b\u200bthe internal walls, you can purchase the right amount of insulation. Take a calculator with you to the store.
An example of a balcony glazing scheme with sliding frames Distinctive characteristics of the loggia
Loggias are an equally popular element of modern apartments in a multi-storey building. This architectural segment has some differences that make its presence in apartments preferable. Repair on it without difficulty can be done by almost everyone with their own hands.
A loggia is a planned room, fenced and covered, which serves for the rest of the residents of the apartment in the warm season. The exit to the outer space can be open or glazed.
A loggia is more preferable from a functional point of view than a balcony What are the characteristics of this design? The area of the loggia varies depending on the layout of the window and the apartment. With your own hands, you will be able to add decorative elements to its design, insulate the interior space or perform cosmetic repairs (sheath with insulating mats, clapboard or high-quality wood).
The bearing capacity of this architectural solution is much higher than that of a standard balcony. The plate, pinched on three sides, evenly transfers the main load to the walls. And the balcony structure is always pinched from one (less often - two) sides. Therefore, even furniture can be arranged on the loggia with your own hands. In this case, the windows must be glazed and repairs in the interior space must be carried out.
The loggia is a priori more durable from a structural point of view. The maximum allowable load on it is 3-4 times more than on the balcony.
To summarize the comparative characteristics of the balcony structure and the loggia, it is necessary to clearly articulate their differences. Today it will be done by professional builders.
The main differences between a loggia and a balcony are as follows:
Video
You can watch a video where professionals give useful advice on glazing, strengthening, insulation and decoration of loggias and balconies.