Amateur radio circuits. Radio circuit diagrams electrical circuit diagrams for radio amateurs on various topics

Wiring diagrams for beginners, for amateurs and professionals

Welcome to the Radio Circuits section! This is a separate section of the Radio Amateurs Site, which was created specifically for those who are friends with a soldering iron, used to doing everything themselves with their own hands, and it is dedicated exclusively to electrical circuits.

Here you will find schematic diagrams of various topics such as for self-assembly by novice radio amateurs, and for more experienced radio amateurs, for those to whom the word RADIO has long been not just a hobby but a profession.

In addition to circuits for self-assembly, we also have a fairly large (and constantly updated!) Base of electrical circuits for various industrial electronics and household appliances - circuits for TVs, monitors, radio tape recorders, amplifiers, measuring instruments, washing machines, microwave ovens and so on.

Especially for workers in the field of repair, we have a section on the site "Datasheets", where you can find reference information on various radio elements.

And if you need any scheme and have a desire for it download, then we're all here free, no registration, no SMS, no file hosting and other surprises

If you have questions or did not find what you were looking for, come to our FORUM, we will think together!

To facilitate the search for the necessary information, the section is divided into categories.

Beginner radio amateurs who are interested in self-assembling circuits and repairing various electronic devices are lost in a sea of ​​numerous terms and details. Meanwhile, you can give a number of tips on what knowledge is needed in the first place, what devices to use, how to navigate when choosing circuit elements.

Required knowledge

For radio amateurs it is very important:

• know and understand the basic laws of electrical engineering;
• be able to navigate the schemes;
• clearly define the role of each element in the diagram and represent visually how it looks.

Important! Theoretical knowledge must be constantly reinforced by practice.

Tools and devices

To assemble amateur radio circuits and home-made structures, you must have the following tools:

1. Soldering iron, the power of which must be chosen average - no more than 40 watts. More advanced craftsmen are thinking about purchasing a soldering station;
2. Side cutters. Not too massive tool for working with radio devices;

1. Tin-lead solder exists in the form of a wire.

Important! Among all devices, the main, and often the only one, is a digital multimeter or analog tester, through which you can measure all the main parameters of the circuit.

Before you start assembling simple and interesting do-it-yourself radio circuits, you can practice dismantling old radio equipment. At the same time, a practical skill is formed in soldering work.

1. In ancient televisions with lamps, a quite suitable thing is a supply transformer. It can be used in many DIY radios. For example, to assemble a charger for a car battery or a power supply unit for a sound amplifier. The main thing is to know its technical data;
2. In obsolete radio electronic devices: television equipment, video recorders, conventional tape recorders, there are whole microcircuits ready for use. An example would be an audio amplifier whose circuit is constructed by simply assembling components, without etching on printed circuit boards, etc.;
3. The tone control is also used in finished form. At the same time, the assembled sound amplifier will receive new options: the ability to control the low-frequency and high-frequency ranges, change the balance in stereo speakers;
4. Basically, all devices manufactured by radio amateurs operate on five-, nine- and twelve-volt power supplies. Such power supplies from old equipment will be the most useful.

As cases for circuits, you can use any improvised designs or buy ready-made ones, of different sizes and shapes. Shrouds from non-working devices are often used for new radio homemade products.

A non-working PSU from a computer is very valuable, where it comes from:

• many radio components: transistors, capacitors, diodes, resistances that are useful for assembled devices;
• cooling radiators are an important accessory for high power transistors;
• good wires;
• the hull itself is a great place to place new structures.

Circuit Assembly Methods

1. Hanging installation. Simple soldering of components in accordance with the developed scheme. Soldered nodes can be installed on supporting platforms. The method is suitable for constructing radio circuits from a small number of parts;
2. Mounting on a printed circuit board - a textolite platform on which foil tracks are made as connecting conductors.

The second method is divided into several options:

1. Mechanical. Cutting tracks with a sharp object to exclude contact connections in unnecessary places;
2. Chemical. With the help of varnish or paint on the foil, you need to draw the required scheme. Then immerse in a special composition - a solution of ferric chloride. After processing, a wiring corresponding to the drawing will be obtained, and all areas without varnish will be removed by dissolution;
3. Laser ironing.

What schemes to start with

The classic start for radio amateurs is to make a simple detector receiver. The circuit contains a small number of components, and its assembly will be within the power of everyone. Then you can supplement the device with an audio amplifier using transistors. With the advent of experience and understanding, work with microcircuits begins.

A large number of interesting and very simple radio homemade options with a description of the details, the provision of diagrams are on the RadioKot website. You can, for example, assemble color music, pulsed clock illumination, a stereo transmitter, and much more. There are also useful forums where you can clarify complex issues, chat with experienced craftsmen.

As skills are acquired, interest in assembling complex devices will increase. Radio-electronic homemade products are one of the most exciting activities for people of all ages.

Video

Schemes of homemade measuring instruments

The circuit of the device, developed on the basis of a classic multivibrator, but instead of load resistors, transistors with the opposite main conductivity are included in the collector circuits of the multivibrator.

It's good if your lab has an oscilloscope. Well, if it is not there and it is not possible to buy it for one reason or another, do not worry. In most cases, it can be successfully replaced by a logic probe, which allows you to control the logical levels of signals at the inputs and outputs of digital integrated circuits, determine the presence of pulses in the controlled circuit and reflect the information received in visual (light-color or digital) or audio (tonal signals of various frequencies). ) forms. When setting up and repairing structures based on digital integrated circuits, it is far from always so necessary to know the characteristics of the pulses or the exact values ​​of the voltage levels. Therefore, logic probes make it easy to set up, even if you have an oscilloscope.

A huge selection of different pulse generator circuits is presented. Some of them form a single pulse at the output, the duration of which does not depend on the duration of the triggering (input) pulse. Such generators are used for a wide variety of purposes: simulating the input signals of digital devices, when checking the performance of digital integrated circuits, the need to supply a certain number of pulses to a device with visual control of processes, etc. Others generate sawtooth and rectangular pulses of various frequencies, duty cycles and amplitude

Repair of various units and devices of low-frequency radio-electronic equipment and technology can be greatly simplified if you use a function generator as an assistant, which makes it possible to investigate the amplitude-frequency characteristics of any low-frequency device, transients and nonlinear characteristics of any analog devices, and also has the ability to generate rectangular pulses. form and simplify the process of setting up digital circuits.

When setting up digital devices, one more device is definitely needed - a pulse generator. An industrial generator is a rather expensive device and is rarely on sale, but its analogue, although not so accurate and stable, can be assembled from available radio elements at home

However, the creation of a sound generator that produces a sinusoidal signal is not an easy and rather painstaking task, especially in terms of adjustment. The fact is that any generator contains at least two elements: an amplifier and a frequency-dependent circuit that determines the frequency of oscillations. Usually it is connected between the output and input of the amplifier, creating a positive feedback (POS). In the case of an RF generator, everything is simple - a single-transistor amplifier and an oscillatory circuit that determines the frequency are enough. For the audio frequency range, it is difficult to wind the coil, and its quality factor turns out to be low. Therefore, in the audio frequency range, RC elements are used - resistors and capacitors. They filter the fundamental harmonic of the oscillations rather poorly, and therefore the sinusoidal signal turns out to be distorted, for example, limited in peaks. To eliminate distortion, amplitude stabilization circuits are used to maintain a low level of the generated signal when distortion is still invisible. It is the creation of a good stabilizing circuit that does not distort the sinusoidal signal that causes the main difficulties.

Often, having assembled the structure, the radio amateur sees that the device is not working. After all, a person does not have sense organs that allow him to see an electric current, an electromagnetic field, or processes occurring in electronic circuits. Radio measuring instruments help to do this - the eyes and ears of a radio amateur.

Therefore, some means of testing and checking telephones and loudspeakers, audio frequency amplifiers, various sound recording and sound reproducing devices are needed. Such a tool is amateur radio circuits for audio frequency signal generators, or, more simply, a sound generator. Traditionally, it produces a continuous sinusoidal signal, the frequency and amplitude of which can be changed. This allows you to check all ULF stages, find faults, determine the gain, take amplitude-frequency characteristics (AFC) and much more.

A simple amateur radio home-made prefix is ​​considered that turns your multimeter into a universal device for checking zener diodes and dinistors. PCB drawings available