The structure of the shield house. Do-it-yourself frame house: photo of construction stages. Video - How to properly mount rafters in a gable roof

Panel construction is the construction of houses from flat components with the installation of a reinforcing finish. If you decide to build a panel house on your own, you need to follow all the stages and construction technology.

The first thing you need is design. This work can be done by yourself or entrusted to architects. It is better to include all family members in the process so that the house is comfortable for everyone. Decide on the number of storeys and the size of the site. Be sure to consider all systems of ventilation, electricity, sewerage, water supply and heating. These factors also affect the size and number of rooms. For example, a separate room for a boiler room may be required.

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Choosing a place for the future home

When choosing a place to build a house, it is necessary to take into account the structure of the soil, the level of groundwater and communication routes.

The advantage of panel houses is that they can also be built on weak soils (silty, filler).

As a rule, panel house projects are designed for a flat area. But it rarely happens that a place fully meets all the parameters. The project can be tied to the features of the area and change the underground and basement of the house without changing the landscape. Or you can change the terrain by creating a platform or terracing.

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Tools and materials

Before you need to prepare all the necessary materials and tools. Clearly determine what material and in what quantities will be required for the foundation, roofing, walling and for each further stage of construction. Main tools:

To tighten the screws, a unit producing 400-500 revolutions per minute will be enough.

  • electric jigsaw;
  • Circular Saw;
  • metal square;
  • large ticks;
  • regular or laser level;
  • screwdriver with two 19 V batteries;
  • hammer for 500 g and 1 kg;
  • nail puller;
  • roulette for 3 and 7 meters;
  • hand saw;
  • ax medium and small light;
  • armature, channel, pipes, corner, nails;
  • self-tapping screws;
  • concrete mixer.

Materials:

Table of proportions of concrete components when using cement M 500, sand and crushed stone.

  • ruberoid;
  • cement;
  • finishing material (optional);
  • thermal insulation material;
  • roofing material (metal tiles);
  • edged boards;
  • brick;
  • broken slate;
  • stones;
  • sand;
  • fine gravel;
  • cement M-500.

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Construction planning

The construction of houses using panel technology lies in the fact that primary structures are first assembled. In the carpentry workshop, the base for the frames is cut, then it is fixed with screws, staples or nails. The basis for the frame is the lower and upper horizontal parts. Between them at a distance of 62.5 cm or 81.5 cm from each other, vertical supports are installed. Thus, the walls can be built to any length. Openings for doors and windows can be determined on site. The planning of a panel house does not depend on the interval between the vertical supports of the frame. The timber frame will take all the vertical loads of the structures due to its own weight and the associated transverse loads. To protect the walls from the wind, it is necessary to strengthen the sheathing of the structure. Finishing the frame over the entire area can cope with this task. You can use a board with a special chip direction, plywood or chipboard. So, the exterior wall decoration will be protected from external influences and durable.

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Foundation construction

The structures of panel houses are quite light, so a not very deep foundation may be suitable. You can use a strip foundation or in the form of a monolithic slab. To do this, you need to dig a trench about 2 m deep. The level of depth depends on climatic conditions. After leveling the trench, formwork is installed, which is made according to the width of the trench from edged boards, the height should be 40 cm above the upper edge of the trench. To prepare the formwork, you need an edged board of 1 or 3 grades with a thickness of 20-25 mm and a length of 3.4-6 m, a bar with a section of 50x50 mm, nails 70-80 mm. Then, broken slate, brick, stones, etc. should be placed at the bottom of the trench. The thickness of the layer should not exceed 1/3 of the depth of the trench. After that, the surface is covered with a 20 cm layer of sand and watered. When the water comes down, sand is again covered and watered. This procedure is performed 3-5 times. It depends on how the sand will be removed. If its level almost does not change, then all spaces are filled and you can start making the frame. For this, fittings, pipes, a channel, a corner, etc. are used. To prepare the foundation mortar, you need: water, fine gravel, sand and cement M-500. A concrete mixer is needed to prepare the concrete solution. The ideal proportions of the components are as follows: cement - 25 kg, sand - 75 kg, water - 12-13 l, gravel - 125 kg. The prepared mixture is poured into the trench and rammed.

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Construction of the walls of the house

After erecting the foundation, they begin to build the walls of the house and erect the building. First you need to make an insulating substrate of roofing material. This is the most inexpensive and simple material. The roofing material is carefully laid between the surfaces of the foundation from the embedded timber. Having completed the waterproofing of the foundation, they begin laying the foundation for future walls. A hole is drilled at the place of the future fastening, then a dry wood pin (nagel) is driven in at the joints of the timber. This is necessary for the rigidity of the beam connection. It is necessary to make sure that the dowel enters the hole with an interference fit. A similar connection is used to cut a wall or as a corner. The base for the frame is built in height equal to the height of 2 bars. According to the construction technology, after laying the embedded beams in the upper beam, it is necessary to make a cut in half of the beam. The sample width must be equal to the width of the beam assigned to the racks. The number of seats must be equal to the number of racks.

The sawn racks are inserted into the holes and fixed with an inclined support - a bracket connecting 2 frame nodes. When the installation of all racks is completed, you need to fix the upper beam with pre-cut holes. Next, the upper ends of the racks are inserted into the grooves. The distance between the grooves should be equal to the distance of the holes on the lower (mortgage) timber. Check the absence of skew and inclination using a plumb line and building level. Then, with the help of jibs, racks are attached, and temporary jibs are removed. Then, using the same method, it is necessary to fix the longitudinal jumpers from the timber - a hole in the hole, but collecting them together with simple nails with a length of at least 100 mm. Only after that it is possible to sheathe the outer wall without boarding up the openings of doors and windows.

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Performing outdoor work

For panel houses, there are several ways of external wall decoration. You can use vinyl or metal siding. Vinyl does not heat up quickly in the sun, and metal can be coated with an anti-corrosion layer. Often panel houses are finished with a block house. The walls of it are not blown through and look like a rounded log. Also use panels that imitate timber. They are made from well-dried, high-quality wood. During the construction process, decorative plaster, lining can be used. When connecting the outer skin, you need to be very careful so that later you do not have to redo everything again. Fixing sheets start from the corner and continue in a circle. Then you can lay the finishing floor and insert doors and windows.

Today, many people are interested in the possibility of self-construction of houses. Why build a house with your own hands? Firstly, it will not be so inexpensive, and secondly, rare companies will be able to build a house "as for themselves." In this situation, the technology of building a panel house will come to your aid. Such a house requires a minimum of funds, effort and time. Among the main advantages are low cost, the ability to work even in winter, environmental friendliness, high energy savings, the possibility of architectural expressiveness, short construction times, high performance, fire safety, as well as building a house without construction equipment.

The concept of panel building

Panel construction is the construction of houses from flat components with a reinforcing finish. For example, in Canada, people personally take part in the construction of their own home. This happens as follows: the family hires a specialist who controls all stages of work and manages the construction. All construction operations are carried out by future homeowners. The population of this country lives a sedentary life, therefore, in the process of construction, they try to convey to their home "a piece of the soul."

The right technology for the construction of panel houses can greatly facilitate the work and minimize the requirements for the number and qualifications of builders. You can resort to the help of professional companies, but now it is quite difficult to find a company that has been operating for more than 50 years. If you decide to build a panel house with your own hands, you must clearly follow all the stages and construction technologies.

Design

The first thing you need is design. You can do this work yourself or entrust it to architects. You can easily cope with this task if you learn to master architectural programs. The most popular free program is Google SketchUp.

For this process, it is better to involve all family members so that the house turns out to be as comfortable and convenient as possible for everyone. It is extremely difficult to redo the project after construction, the cost of building a panel house after changing the project is high, so it is better to resolve these issues at the beginning.

Think about neighboring houses in advance so that your house harmoniously fits into the surrounding world. Decide on the floors and the size of the site. Be sure to consider all systems of power supply, ventilation, water supply, sewerage and heating. The size and number of rooms will also depend on these factors. For example, you may need a separate room for a boiler room. You may need sanitary systems http://www.ecosan.ru/

Location selection

When you choose a place to build a structure, be sure to take into account the structure of the soil, communication routes and the level of groundwater. Panel houses have the advantage that weak soils (silty, filler) can also be used during construction.

As a rule, panel house projects are designed for a flat area. But it rarely happens that the plots fully comply with all parameters. You can link the project to the features of the area and, without changing the landscape, change the underground and basement of the house. Or you can change the terrain by creating a platform or terracing.

Tools and materials

Before you start building a panel house with your own hands, you need to acquire all the necessary materials and tools. Clearly determine how much material, and in what proportions, will be required for the roof, foundation, walls, and for each subsequent stage of construction.

We list the main tools for effective and not too tiring work. You will need: a circular saw, an electric jigsaw, a regular or laser level, a metal square, a hammer of 500 grams and 1 kilogram, large tongs, a screwdriver with two 19V batteries, a hand saw, a nail puller, a tape measure of 3 and 7 meters, a medium ax and small light. You can purchase special books that will help you easily cope with the choice of tools and all stages of construction yourself.

Planning

The shield technology for building houses is that first it is necessary to assemble the primary structures. As a rule, this is done in special workshops. In the carpentry workshop, the base for the frames of the required length is cut, after which it is fixed with brackets, screws or nails.

The basis for the frame is the upper and lower horizontal parts. Between them, vertical supports are installed so that they are at a distance of 62.5 or 81.5 centimeters from each other. It turns out that in this way you can build walls of any length. Openings for windows and doors can be defined anywhere. The planning of a panel house does not depend at all on the gap between the vertical supports of the frame.

The timber frame will bear all the vertical loads of the structure that may arise due to its own weight and the associated transverse loads. If you want to protect the walls from the effects of the wind, it is worth watching a video on the construction of a panel house and strengthening the structure's sheathing. This task can be performed by finishing the frame over the entire area. In this case, you can use plywood, board with a special direction of the chip or chipboard. Thus, the external decoration of the walls will be not only durable, but also protected from external influences.

Foundation construction

Since the structures of panel houses are quite light, a not very deep foundation can be used. You can use the foundation in the form of a monolithic slab or tape. First you need to dig a trench of the required size to a depth of about 2 meters. The depth level may depend on climatic conditions.

After leveling the trench, it is necessary to install formwork, which is made of edged boards according to the width of the trench, while the height should be at least forty centimeters above the upper edge of the trench. To prepare the formwork, you will need a grade 1 or 3 edged board 3.4-6 meters long and 20-25 millimeters thick, nails 70-80 millimeters and a bar with a section of 50x50 millimeters.

When everything is ready, brick, broken slate, stones, etc. must be placed at the bottom of the trench. In this case, the layer thickness should not exceed 1/3 of the trench depth. Then the surface is covered with a layer of sand about 20 centimeters and all this is poured with water. When the water comes down, it is necessary to fill up the sand again and pour everything with water.

This procedure can be performed about 3-5 times. It will depend on how the sand is removed. If its level practically does not change, this means that all spaces are filled, so you can start making the frame. To do this, you can use fittings, a channel, pipes, a corner, etc. To prepare a foundation mortar, the following components will be required: fine gravel, water, M-500 cement and sand.

If you want to prepare a concrete solution, you will need a concrete mixer. The ideal proportions of the components will be as follows: sand - 75 kilograms, cement - 25 kilograms, gravel - 125 kilograms, water - 12-13 liters. If the concrete mixer is designed for a smaller volume, you can recalculate the components. The prepared mixture is poured into the trench and compacted. Try to correctly calculate the proportions of the composition, so as not to throw extra money down the drain.

wall construction

After creating the foundation, you can proceed to the construction of the walls of the frame house and the construction of the building. First of all, it is necessary to make an insulating substrate from roofing material. This material is the simplest and most inexpensive. The roofing material is carefully laid between the surfaces of the foundation from the embedded beam. After completing the work on waterproofing the foundation, you can proceed to laying the foundation of the walls.

A hole is drilled at the place of the future fastening, after which a dry wood pin, called a dowel, is driven in at the joints of the timber. This is done for the rigidity of the beam connection. It is necessary to make sure that the dowel enters the desired hole with an interference fit. Such a connection can be used as a corner or for cutting a wall.

The base for the frame is built in height, which should be equal to the height of two bars. According to the construction technology of a frame-panel house, after laying the embedded beams, it is necessary to make a cut in the upper beam about half the beam. Remember that the width of the sample must be equal to the width of the beam defined for the racks. At the same time, keep in mind that the number of seats should be equal to the number of racks.

Then the racks, sawn to the size of the proper height, are inserted into the holes and fixed with an inclined support - a bracket that connects the two frame nodes. When the installation of all racks is completed, it is necessary to fix the upper beam with pre-cut holes. Next, the upper ends of the racks are inserted into the grooves.

Please note that the distance between the grooves should be equal to the distance of the holes made on the lower (mortgage) timber. Be sure to check the absence of inclination and skew by using the building level and plumb line. After that, racks are attached with the help of jibs, and temporary jibs are removed from the boards.

Next, it is necessary to fix the longitudinal jumpers from the timber according to the same method - a hole in the hole, but collecting them together by means of simple building nails with a length of at least 100 millimeters. Only after these steps, you can proceed to the sheathing of the outer wall without boarding up the openings of windows and doors.

outdoor work

For panel houses, there are several options for external wall decoration. You can buy metal or vinyl siding. Vinyl siding will not heat up quickly in the sun, while metal siding can be coated with an anti-corrosion protective layer. Recently, panel houses are often finished with a block house. Walls made of this material look like round logs and are not blown through.

Due to the lock connection, it will be very easy to do the installation of this material. After the installation is completed, the panels are covered with a protective composition against fire, due to which the service life of the material will be longer. You can use panels that imitate timber. As a rule, they are made from high-quality, well-dried wood.

In the process of building a frame-panel house, you can use decorative plaster, which has an increased service life. Using a decorative coating, you can achieve a wide variety of results, even imitation of stone walls. Another way of finishing is an artificial stone.

Do not forget about lining, the most affordable and simple option for finishing panel houses. But it is subject to moisture, so after a while it will be necessary to make a constriction. You can use a combination of different types of finishes that will look very nice. Regardless of the appearance, any exterior finish will require maintenance and updating of the protective coating at certain intervals.

When connecting the outer skin, it is necessary to be extremely careful so that later you do not have to redo it all over again. To do this, fixing the sheets starts from the corner and continues in a circle. After that, you can lay the finishing floor and insert windows and doors.

Internal work

Various materials are used to insulate walls. You can use boiler slag, mineral wool, expanded clay or foam. The best quality insulation materials are mineral wool and polystyrene. Slag and expanded clay are used at winter temperatures not lower than 20°C. Before the walls are insulated, a waterproofing layer is laid, which is placed between the insulation material and the outer wall.

You can use a film, but it is best to take parchment paper according to the panel house construction technology. It should be cut into strips of the required sizes, fixed to the wall using slats, and fixed “sheet to sheet” so that there are no gaps. If you choose mineral wool for insulation, the work will go very quickly and efficiently.

Mineral wool is attached to the walls of the structure with the help of bars with a section of 15x20 centimeters. In this case, it is desirable to fill the bars vertically. At the joints of the slabs, it is recommended to fill the bars, which are wider than those that fasten the mineral wool slabs in the middle.

After the insulation procedure, you can proceed to the inner lining. As is the case with the exterior, the interior also has a lot of options. You can finish the walls with paint, drywall, smooth wood, or art painting. You can finish the walls with a tongue-and-groove board, which, when attached to the frame supports, is located horizontally.

The inner lining of the house should reach the canopy beds so that when the floor is being built, the board does not go under the wall. In this case, if necessary, repair it can be easily replaced. As a floor for a panel house, wooden flooring or parquet is better suited.

Roof installation

The roof of the panel house is installed using traditional methods. As a rule, a rafter system is installed, then a crate is made and waterproofing is carried out, after which the roofing is laid. If there is an attic, a vapor barrier layer must be installed. The roof also needs to be insulated according to the technology of frame-panel houses.

Full installation of the roof includes a list of works on the installation of the roof frame, thermal insulation, waterproofing, vapor barrier, lathing and counter lathing, the installation of other roofing accessories. The start of roofing work is determined by the choice of roofing and with the configuration of the roof. When choosing a roof, pay attention to the purpose of the building. If you will make a roof of metal tiles, in this case the crate will not be required, since the sheets of this material are quite rough and hard.

To fix this type of roof, self-tapping screws are used. The sheets are applied to the base in such a way that the edge of the sheet is 40 millimeters below the eaves. Thanks to this installation, a gap will form, which is necessary for ventilation. Any roof covering has its advantages, disadvantages and installation methods.

Installation of utilities

Installing engineering communications on your own is a rather difficult matter. It will not be easy for an ordinary person to cope with this, so we recommend resorting to the help of specialists. But if you decide to do it yourself, first you need to carefully watch the video on the construction of frame-panel houses and familiarize yourself with the "Electrical Installation Rules".

This extensive set of documents describes in detail all the stages and features of the production of electrical work. After that, you need to contact the local energy supply authorities and obtain technical conditions for connecting the house to the district's power system. Approximately the same must be done when conducting a heating system, water supply and sewerage. Still, it is better to do such work under the supervision of a specialist.

Thus, the construction of panel houses is becoming more and more popular every day. This house is beautiful, cozy and comfortable. At the same time, it can be used all year round, provided with the necessary protection and insulation systems. Before you build a panel house, carefully read all the instructions. I wish you success!

The construction of frame-panel houses is gaining immense popularity.

Basically, this technology is used to build prefabricated one-story houses with a gable roof or a small extension to the house.

Panel panels are produced according to a standard project at the factory or can be manufactured independently.

Frame-panel houses are easy to build with your own hands - during the construction of the house, the panels are simply connected to each other.

In this case, Finnish and Canadian construction technologies are used, the only difference is which frame is used - wooden or metal.

Very often, frame-panel construction technology is used for summer cottages.

A do-it-yourself garden house with a veranda is a great option - it's fast and inexpensive.

A frame extension to the house can still be built, and if the choice is made specifically in favor of this method of building houses, then you need to know the pros and cons that the frame-panel construction has.

Advantages and disadvantages

Main advantages:

  • the low weight of the entire structure allows you to save on the construction of the foundation;
  • construction speed - construction period is 3-6 months;
  • the design does not need shrinkage;
  • high resistance to earthquakes;
  • environmental friendliness of the material;
  • low cost;
  • such houses, subject to all the rules, have a fourth degree of fire resistance.

Now consider the disadvantages of frame-panel houses for summer cottages.

Cons of this design:

  • prefabricated prefabricated buildings are short-lived, their warranty period is 75 years, but with proper operation, the period can reach 100 years;
  • number of floors - the design does not allow building more than two floors;
  • the impossibility of redevelopment - prefabricated frame-panel houses cannot be replanned. For redevelopment, a complete disassembly of the house will be required;
  • use of special equipment for mounting panels.

Where to start building?

If a decision is made to build a frame-panel house, then you need to know all the stages and construction technology, especially when building with your own hands. So how to build a frame-panel house with your own hands?

First of all, a house project is required - it can be done independently or with the help of specialists. When drawing up a project, it is necessary to determine the number of floors.

Having finished designing the house, you need to move on to choosing the location of the structure. When choosing a location, consider the type of soil and groundwater level.

The advantages of frame-panel houses can also be added to the fact that silt and filler soil are suitable for their construction.

It is possible, without changing the landscape, to change, for example, the basement area or change the landscape by arranging a platform or terrace.

Construction stages

The construction technology of frame-panel houses is as follows:

  • foundation;
  • wall installation;
  • roofing;
  • external and internal finishing works;
  • carrying out all engineering communications.

Foundation types

Prefabricated prefabricated frame-shield structures are lightweight, so they do not require a powerful foundation. You can make a screw pile foundation, columnar or shallow tape.

The type of foundation depends on the type of soil and the number of floors of the structure.

For a one-story structure, a columnar foundation is suitable, which is easy to build with your own hands, and such a foundation is also great for poor soil.

For the construction of a columnar foundation, it is necessary to make recesses in the soil with a diameter of 25 cm and a depth of 1 meter with a drill, asbestos pipes must be inserted into the finished pits, and the space around them must be filled with crushed stone and sand, and the pipe holes must be filled with cement mortar.

If a garden house with a veranda is being built for a summer residence, then a foundation must also be organized under the veranda.

No less common is a screw pile foundation, which can also be done by hand.

The technology of the strip foundation is traditional - with pouring with cement mortar.

After the installation of a columnar and pile foundation, a strapping is needed, for which you will need a beam of 150 * 150 mm, 200 * 200 mm, 200 * 250 mm.

Before laying the timber, it is necessary to cover the piles with mastic and roofing material in two layers. The beam is laid along the perimeter of the base and fastened with nails, the corner joints are fixed with steel corners.

The strapping is attached to the base with screws. You need to lay a board on it, blocking the joints.

Now you need to make a draft floor, for this, logs from a bar are laid at a distance of 60 cm from each other, and a heater is laid between them.

From above, the logs are covered with a vapor barrier film, and then boards are attached to them with nails. If a garden house with a veranda is being built for a summer residence, then the upper and lower logs must be extended.

Having finished the foundation and the draft floor, you can proceed to the installation of the frame.

Installation of walls and roofs

Consider a wooden frame, which requires a board 150 * 50 and 200 * 50 - first you need to install the corner posts and secure with metal corners of increased fixation.

Then install the remaining racks, fixing with corners, to prevent loosening of the frame, it is recommended to make jibs.

In the corners, the timber can be fixed with a punch, and in other places with metal corners. The corners themselves are fixed with self-tapping screws. After the wooden frame is ready, you can install the shields.

Shields are prefabricated elements that can be ordered at the factory or made by hand.

They are made by drilling a beam along the edges and one in the middle for strength - this will be the basis of the shield, which must be filled with mineral wool and covered with OSB sheet on top.

This is how sandwich panels are obtained, with which a frame-panel structure is erected with their own hands.

When mounting the walls, you can immediately carry out communications, as they are hidden in the walls using metal or corrugated pipes.

Ceiling beams are attached in three ways:

  • cutting method;
  • use of perforated brackets;
  • use of metal corners.

The choice of method depends on the place of attachment. The beams are attached to the strapping beam with self-tapping screws.

The next stage in the construction of a frame-panel house is the installation of a roof.

First you need to install the rafters and fasten them with nails, and for greater reliability and boards.

After fixing the central rafters, the ridge board is laid. Then a crate is made of edged boards, after which the roofing material is laid.

If a garden house with a veranda is being built, then it is necessary to make an extension of the roof.

Finishing work

Now you need to perform the insulation of the frame-panel structure, for this various materials can be used, for example, slag, mineral wool, foam plastic and expanded clay.

The highest quality insulation will be made of mineral wool and foam.

Before starting the insulation, it is necessary to lay the waterproofing between the insulation and the outer wall. It is recommended to do both external and internal insulation.

External insulation is made with mineral wool, on which foam plastic is attached, and internal insulation is performed with mineral wool and drywall.

The gaps in the walls must be filled with mounting foam. Insulation is required for all building elements: floors, roofs, ceilings, walls.

If a garden frame-panel house is being built, then it is enough to make internal insulation, since the house is not intended for year-round use.

Having completed the insulation of the house, you can proceed to the exterior. To do this, you can use various materials: false timber, lining, metal siding and many other materials.

Before external finishing, it is necessary to make a lathing of the walls using bars or a metal profile. All finishing work can be easily done by hand.

Do you need a warm home, but do not have much time and money to build it? Then your choice is a frame-panel house. And after reading this article, you will learn about all the features, advantages and disadvantages of such buildings, as well as the stages of their construction and the necessary materials.

Frame-panel houses are built from wooden beams and OSB boards. OSB (Oriented Strand Board) is a board consisting of layers of wood chips (most often aspen, spruce), which are glued together with a special mixture of resins. The production process involves the pressing of components under pressure and high temperature. Chips in each layer have a clear orientation: in the outer layer - longitudinal, in the inner - transverse. This feature explains the increased strength of the material.

Scope of use

OSB is quite popular and its scope in construction is large. It is used for:

  • construction and installation works of varying complexity and number of storeys;
  • construction of frame houses;
  • structures of roofs, draft floors, partitions and interior ceilings;
  • erection of structures on which the load will be applied (for example, steps);
  • construction of the formwork system;
  • wall cladding, ceilings and decoration;
  • construction of furniture, pallets, racks, container production.

Advice! When conducting outdoor work, be sure to monitor the humidity. Most often, the standard for moisture swelling is no more than 10%, but still it is relative and depends on the manufacturer and batch. If you overlooked, and the material is swollen, then after drying the plate will remain so, which will create a noticeable difference at the junction. When carrying out internal work, you should not be afraid of such consequences.

Types of plates

There are 4 main types of OSB boards:

  • OSB-1 have low strength, are used for interior decoration and in the manufacture of furniture.
  • OSB-2- high-strength material with low moisture resistance, internal partitions, ceilings and load-bearing elements are constructed from it.
  • OSB-3 has high strength and moisture resistance, designed for outdoor work.
  • OSB-4- heavy-duty and moisture resistant material, suitable for the construction of load-bearing structures, walls and roofs.

In addition to the standard classification, boards come with a lacquered or laminated surface. Such products are intended for repeated use, for example, for the manufacture of formwork.

Advantages and disadvantages

Despite the accolades, the manufacturers' promises of ultra-reliability, and the ubiquitous advertising, it's not all that easy with the OSB. The main frightening fact is the presence of formaldehyde and toxic resins in the adhesive components. Such dubious environmental friendliness with its potential danger to others has already been eliminated by many manufacturers. Buyers are offered the so-called Eco or Green categories of OSB, in the manufacture of which they use safe adhesives that do not produce harmful fumes.

Why are OSBs so good?

  • low price - due to the use of woodworking waste for the production of OSB;
  • high strength, reliability and elasticity (the material holds nails and screws, does not deform when they are sharply pulled out);
  • ease of installation and processing (grinding, cutting, drilling);
  • light weight of the plate (especially important for roofing);
  • the possibility of subsequent processing with special resins, glazes and other protective agents;
  • low vapor permeability;
  • resistance to mechanical deformations and high temperatures;
  • cracks and gaps will not appear in the plates;
  • they are not afraid of mold and fungus;
  • nice appearance.

Advice! Pay attention to the quality of the material offered to you. Not all products withstand criticism in the field of strength and moisture resistance. Often these indicators do not correspond to reality. If you want to avoid the spread of the purchased material, its crumbling into chips after the first rain, give preference only to trusted brands and suppliers. Do not be lazy and ask a company employee for a certificate of quality and compliance with state norms and standards.

Briefly about sizes and manufacturers

The leading manufacturers of OSB are Canadian, American and European plants. "Canadians" are produced mainly from deciduous varieties of trees, and OSB from Europe is made from coniferous trees (more moisture resistant). It is not difficult to distinguish them: the ends of Canadian OSBs are always covered with paint to avoid swelling. Standard sizes for Canada are 2440x1220, for Europe - 2500x1250. Large Russian manufacturers are located in Karelia, Kirov and Vladimir regions. Their standard sizes range from 2440-3125 millimeters to 1220-2000 millimeters.

Advantages and disadvantages of frame-panel structures

The main advantages of buildings from OSB:

  • the main advantage of such houses is their low cost (they are almost twice cheaper than brick ones);
  • high speed of construction of such a structure - it can be built in less than six months;
  • small weight OSB boards can significantly reduce the load on the base, thereby reducing its cost.

Negative sides of frame-panel houses:

  • short service life - such a dwelling will last a maximum of 75 years;
  • it is impossible to build an OSB building with more than two floors;
  • you cannot build such a house without special equipment - the shields, despite their light weight, can only be lifted with a crane;
  • it is not possible to redevelop the premises in the future.

Although the debate about the feasibility of OSB buildings does not stop, nevertheless, such buildings have proven themselves well in the construction of tourist camps, summer cottages and other small buildings where there are no special requirements and there is a need for their quick and cheap construction. But, if you really want a house for centuries, then it is better to choose a brick or a log as the main material.

The main stages of building a house from OSB

The stages of construction of frame-panel buildings are similar to the stages of construction of other buildings. They are divided into:

  • Designing the future home.
  • Preparation stage.
  • Building a foundation.
  • Floor arrangement.
  • Wall installation.
  • Creation of a roof.
  • Insulation and cladding.

This stage is the first. It determines how much and what materials you will need.
For an individual project, it is recommended to contact a specialist who can correctly draw up a drawing of a house. But, usually, all houses of this type are made according to already standard plans, so it's easier to use a ready-made project. This action will significantly reduce your construction costs.

When designing, it is important to take into account the climate of the region, as well as the characteristics of the soil. Therefore, even if you have taken a ready-made project, you still need to consult a specialist who will help you plan the work correctly, choose the foundation, insulation and facing material for your future home.

Preparatory actions before the start of construction

First of all, after developing all the drawings, you need to take care of purchasing building materials and tools. It is highly desirable at this stage to agree with the company on renting a truck crane, without their help you will not lift the plates yourself.

List of tools:

  • level, plumb and rope for marking;
  • a hammer;
  • electric planer;
  • chisel;
  • jigsaw;
  • nail puller;
  • drill;
  • saw;
  • screwdrivers;
  • stairs;
  • pencil and brushes.

Required building materials:

  • ready-mixed concrete for pouring the base;
  • fittings;
  • waterproofing;
  • pine boards necessary for arranging floors (usually use material with dimensions of 5x20x400);
  • boards for the construction of load-bearing walls (the most commonly used 5x15x400);
  • boards for mounting internal partitions;
  • insulation (both polystyrene and stone wool can be used);
  • OSB boards (their thickness should be determined at the design stage);
  • wind protection;
  • facing materials: for internal walls it is better to use drywall, and for external walls - clapboard, siding or something else;
  • roofing material;
  • timber of different sizes for strapping;
  • other materials for communications - pipes, wires and so on.

Selection and construction of the base

Before starting work on the construction of the foundation, you first need to prepare the place. To do this, it is necessary to remove all debris and vegetation from the surface of the earth.

Experts recommend using a columnar foundation for this type of house, but you can also fill in a tape or monolithic one. The first will cost much less, but is not suitable for every type of soil. A monolithic base is durability and strength, but it is expensive, and an OSB house will not last that long.

How to build a column foundation

First, make a markup, marking the edges of the future home. Then you need to dig holes of a rectangular shape 60x80 centimeters and a depth of 10-20 centimeters below the level of soil freezing. Then install waterproofing, reinforcement and formwork. When these works are completed, concrete can be poured, while ramming it. Pillars are made every 80-120 centimeters. When they are all ready, you need to make pickups.

Construction of a monolithic base

This process is not difficult at all. First, you need to mark the perimeter of the house, and then dig a shallow pit over the entire area. After that, it is poured with concrete. When the base is ready, on top of it you need to cover it with roofing material in two layers.

The strip foundation has not gained much popularity in the construction of frame-panel structures, since it is similar to the columnar version, but more expensive.

Also, for the construction of houses from OSB, a pile-screw base is sometimes used. It is similar in design to the columnar. The only difference is that you make the poles yourself, and the piles are brought ready-made.

Strapping and subfloor

To perform the strapping, a beam of 150x150 millimeters, 200x200 millimeters and 200x250 millimeters is used.

Before installation, the bars are treated with antiseptics, smeared with mastic, then roofing material is placed on them in two layers.

The material is installed on piles or foundation (depending on what you have chosen) around the entire perimeter of the house. The bars are connected with nails (it is better to use 120 mm nails).

In the corners, the joints are reinforced with metal corners.

Next, the harness must be fastened to the base. This can be done with fixing screws. After the strapping is completed, boards must be laid on top of it, which serve to overlap the junctions of the beams.

The strapping itself can serve as a subfloor in the house, but you can also put a beam measuring 150x100 millimeters on top of it in half a meter increments.

Important! Between the lags or timber in the strapping, you need to lay a heater, and a vapor barrier film on top.

Construction of the frame and walls

Before starting this stage, check the evenness of the floor with a level and diagonal markings.

The first step is to build the lower trim. It is made from a bar with grooves (their step is 500 millimeters).

Since a frame-panel house is, one might say, a constructor, inaccuracies in the markup can lead to the fact that all the work will have to be redone.

After the lower trim is ready, vertical bars are installed in the prepared grooves. Their length corresponds to the height of the ceiling of the future house.

Frame building stages:

  • In places where future racks will be located, steel dowels are installed. For them, holes are drilled in the end of the board.
  • Mounted vertical corner bars.
  • The bars are inserted into the dowels, then fastened with jibs.
  • In the same way, the bars are attached to the intermediate grooves.
  • The top harness is installed.
  • The whole structure is fixed with nails.
  • Ceiling beams are installed, for which a beam of 50x150 millimeters is used.

When erecting the frame, observe maximum accuracy, since minimal distortions can adversely affect the entire structure.

When the frame is finished, you can attach panels to it. This is also done with nails.

roof construction

In frame-shield structures, a flat or gable roof is most often used. Although, it all depends on your personal preferences.

Stages of building a roof:

  • The first step is the installation of rafters. They are attached to the top trim with special roofing nails, self-tapping screws, corners and metal plates. The pitch of the rafters can be in the range of 0.4-1 meters. The support for each rafter is a Mauerlat (10x10 centimeters).
  • The erection of the crate. If you use tiles as a roofing material, then a continuous crate is made, in other cases it can be done with a small step.
  • Installation of waterproofing and wind protection.
  • Installation of roofing material.

Important! Rafters are installed with the same step as the beams in the frame of the house.

Indoor and outdoor work

Despite the statements of OSB manufacturers that this material staunchly resists external influences and moisture, it is imperative to do facade wall decoration, since in practice OSB shows itself differently - it crumbles under the influence of aggressive environments and swells from water.

A cheaper option for external wall cladding can be vinyl siding, more expensive options are block house and clapboard. Having finished the frame-panel house with such material, you will protect the OSB boards from destruction, thereby extending the service life of the entire structure.

If you need to save money, decorative plaster can be used for exterior decoration. True, it will protect the walls much worse than siding or lining.

The walls of the frame-panel house are insulated from the inside. To do this, you can use both foam and mineral wool. But whichever option you choose, be sure to install a waterproofing layer before installing the insulation.

On top of the insulation, you can install drywall sheets or finish the walls with wood.

A frame-panel house is not a dwelling for centuries, but only a cheap and prefabricated structure. Such a structure is not entirely suitable for a harsh climate, but for warmer regions it is a worthy choice.

If you are not chasing durability and do not make a lot of demands on your house, then OSB buildings are quite suitable for you. They are also well established in the tourism business.

It is not difficult to build such structures, you just need to observe the accuracy of the markup and get a truck crane.

Video: Construction technology of a frame-panel house

Laying a wooden floor on logs: device, installation technology, insulation

The housing problem is one of the most important for our fellow citizens. No one believes promises like “by such and such a year, each family will have a separate apartment”. Most people rely only on their own strength. Probably, this was one of the main reasons for the sharp increase in individual construction.

Currently, the market offers a huge range of related materials. There is no shortage of specialized firms that provide services in the delivery of objects on a turnkey basis. They are built from different materials and in any architectural design. But the most budgetary way is to build a frame-panel house with your own hands. With this option, quality, price and speed of work are optimally combined. According to experts, it will cost about 1.5 times cheaper than brick. Moreover, this will not affect the comfort of living.

It is necessary to determine the technology of work and the building materials used. What to consider:

1. Such houses are much lighter than other types of buildings. For example, brick, block or even log. Therefore, there is no point in wasting time and money on a strong foundation. In this case, factors such as climate features, soil characteristics and the location of subsoil water layers are taken into account. The depth of the bookmark is determined by the level of freezing of the earth. For the middle strip, as a rule, 75 cm is enough. The width depends on the planned cladding. On average about 50 cm.

When a frame-panel (panel) house is being built on its own, a strip monolithic foundation is equipped. It is mounted by pouring the solution into the prepared form (formwork). It is more difficult to equip a block type, since special equipment will be needed, and this is an extra waste. In addition, it is not always possible to provide its entrance and organize a work site due to the lack of free space.

It is necessary to decide on the method of building the foundation. Plank (disposable) crate - additional costs for boards, film (or roofing material). After use, all this will end up in a landfill. It is more expedient to make formwork from expanded polystyrene sheets (fixed). After pouring the solution, they will remain in the trench.

This will be both a heater for the foundation and protection (shock absorber) from soil movements. And they are always there. If not constant, then intermittent. In addition, you can significantly save on the internal insulation of the basement. As a result, the service life of the waterproofing layer will increase, and the likelihood of cracks in the foundation will decrease. This means that you do not have to spend money and time on repairs;

2. Plan the summing up of various engineering communications;

3. Decide on the material for the frame device. He can be anyone. That is why it is not difficult to build a frame house yourself. The main thing is to build the foundation (“skeleton”). Both timber (150 x 150) and thick boards (at least 150 x 50) are suitable for mounting the frame. Professionals advise using pine. It is inexpensive and provides durability. It is advisable to purchase dried blanks. This will reduce the overall work time. Although they cost 1.5 times more expensive, you don’t have to, for example, re-lay the floors after the wood has dried. After all, the frame can "lead". You should immediately decide on the size of the blanks.

If the climate in the area is mild, then the frame can also be made of metal profiles;

4. Choose a heater. Now, varieties of mineral wool are increasingly used for prefabricated houses. It's better than styrofoam. But it should be noted that the quality of waterproofing should be high. It is better to take plates with a high density. They are also easier to install and absorb less moisture;

5. Decide with exterior trim. If it is brickwork, then the width of the foundation should be increased so that the wall does not protrude beyond the basement.

And lastly, the roof. The most convenient for individual construction are gable or attic. Such structures can be finished with any roofing.

Main stages of work

1. Preparation of the site, trenches and foundation.

Mandatory waterproofing of the base of the house. Only after that the trench falls asleep. Do not forget about the blind area. It is also desirable to insulate it (polystyrene foam).

2. The construction of the frame. First, the bottom trim is made on the mortgage beam. After that, you can install the racks. The distance between them is approximately 1 m. In the places of doors and windows - according to their size. Fastening to the strapping with staples and nails. Struts are additionally nailed to the corner posts to increase stability. After the installation of all vertical elements, the upper trim is made and the floor is laid.

3. Making shields. Frames can be either wood or metal. Insulation is laid in them, and waterproofing is made on the one hand. On the other hand, a vapor barrier layer. After that, the outer skin is done. Board, plywood, drywall. The latter option is cheaper and is well suited when frame country houses are being built.

4. Mounting the shields on the frame.

5. Construction of the roof. First of all, the rafters are mounted. Then - crate, waterproofing layer, insulation, vapor barrier. The last stage is the laying of the roofing.

Prices

It is clear that the cost of construction depends on many factors. Materials, architecture, complexity of execution, finishing and much more. Therefore, it is calculated individually for each house. You can navigate by the prices that are on the websites of specialized firms. On average, "turnkey" will cost from 5,000 to 14,000 rubles / m 2. But this is already with the cost of the material and delivery to the site.

With independent construction, the main costs will be for cement and wood. If you make a competent project in advance and calculate the required amount of materials, then this minimizes the amount of waste. OSB boards (chip boards) can be used for sheathing shields. They are cheap.

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