Exit to the roof: ventilation outlets, sewer outlet to the roof. Sewer ventilation in a private house: we understand building codes and rules for installing a fan pipe Sewer exit to the roof

Vilpe ventilation outlets are designed to bring ventilation and sewerage systems to the roof. Their installation is carried out complete with a passage element, which is selected according to the type of roofing.

Ventilation outlets are used for ventilation of residential and utility rooms. By creating traction, they remove the exhaust air to the street, while protecting the ventilation system from precipitation. They have good thermal insulation.

sewer outlets necessary for the normal operation of the sewage system. They prevent the appearance of unpleasant odors and equalize the pressure in the risers, thereby preventing the destruction of sewer pipes and ensuring the normal operation of water seals. Sewer outlets are thermally insulated and non-insulated. In regions with a cold climate, in order to prevent the formation of an "ice plug", Stroymet recommends using an option with good thermal insulation.

Types of ventilation outlets

Outlet of kitchen hood, natural ventilation of premises, etc.

VILPE ​​125/ER/700, VILPE ​​125/ER/500, VILPE ​​160/ER/700, VILPE ​​160/ER/500

The inner metal pipe of the ventilation outlet has a diameter of 125 and 160 mm; external plastic case diameter 160 and 225 mm, respectively. Standard exit heights are 500 and 700 mm. The ventilation outlets are insulated with polyurethane, which prevents the formation of condensate on the inner surface of the pipe. VILPE ​​- ventilation outlets are used in conjunction with a passage element and are installed vertically on any roof, ensuring complete tightness. The passage element is selected depending on the roofing.

Pipes 125 mm are always installed on normal-sized passage elements. Pipes of 160 mm are also installed on ordinary passage elements, and when the roof slope is from 37 ° C to 47 ° C, they are installed on XL-pass elements.

Central vacuum outlet

Insulated outlet to the roof of the pipe of the central vacuum cleaner with a cap and an adapter.

In order to avoid unpleasant odors and the destruction of the sewer system under the influence of the resulting gases, a ventilation outlet of the sewer riser to the roof is required.

Uninsulated: VILPE ​​HO/300, VILPE ​​110/500

Insulated (insulated): VILPE ​​110/ER/350, VILPE ​​110/ER/500

The inner diameter of the sewer outlet is 110 mm. The standard outlet heights are 300 and 500 mm. To prevent freezing of condensate on the inner walls of the pipe in regions with a cold climate, it is recommended to install insulated ventilation outlets. It is unacceptable to equip the outlets of sewer risers with caps. The ventilation outlet is connected to the riser by a corrugated pipe with an adapter ring (75/110 mm). The passage element is selected depending on the type of roofing.

Exhaust and ventilation outlets

Ventilation and exhaust outlets VILPE ​​are used for efficient removal of exhaust air from the premises to the outside.

They are also used to bring exhaust ventilation with a heat exchanger or duct fan to the roof, kitchen exhaust pipes.

Ventilation outlets direct airflow in the right direction. In addition, they protect the ventilation system from the penetration of dirt and precipitation into it.

Models of VILPE ​​ventilation outlets offered by Stroymet: P, S. We also offer finials for folded pipe with a diameter of 125 mm.

The R-ventilation outlet is equipped with a pipe with a height of 400, 500 or 700 mm. To prevent the occurrence of condensate in the pipe, the pipe is thermally insulated. The material for the manufacture of the inner tube is galvanized steel. The inner pipe is made in such a way that its diameter makes it possible to insert it into the air duct to a depth of 300 mm. Thus, installation work in tight attic spaces is facilitated, and additional structural strength is also achieved. The lower edge of the inner pipe is provided with a rubber seal, the presence of which makes it possible to seal the connection between the duct and the pipe. The cap, which is supplied with the ventilation outlet, protects against the penetration of dirt and precipitation into the channel. P-vent outlets are available in various inner tube diameters. The output air flow is determined by the inner diameter of the pipe. The selection of the passage element is carried out depending on the type of roofing material. The size of the passage element is determined by the internal diameter of the P-ventilation outlet. XL ventilation outlets are recommended for use if the diameter of the ventilation duct is 160 mm. An XL duct is also used to provide thermal insulation. Dimensions: pipe height with cap is 400, 500 and 700 mm. Complete set: pipe with a cap, 6 or 8 screws in the color of the product. Standard pass-through (0-160 mm) vent. outlet-125, duct diameter 125 mm, outer diameter 160 mm vent. outlet-160, duct diameter 160 mm, outer diameter 225 mm XL - through element (160-250 mm) XL- vent. outlet-160, duct diameter 160 mm, external diameter 300 mm XL- vent. outlet-200, duct diameter 200 mm, outer diameter 300 mm XL- vent. outlet-250, duct diameter 250 mm, outer diameter 300 mm

Standard colors:

Ventilation of the sewer riser

The VILPE ​​product range includes non-insulated and thermally insulated sewer riser ventilation pipes of various heights, designed for use in various climatic zones.

Uninsulated outlets are designed for ventilation of sewer risers. They are used in areas with a mild climate and frost-free winters. In regions with a mild climate, a deflector cap with a height of 150 mm can be installed on the sewer outlet. The ventilation outlet is connected to the sewer riser using VILPE ​​corrugated pipe. Dimensions: height 200, 300, 500 mm, diameter 110 mm. Complete set: pipe, 6 screws in the color of the pipe.

Standard colors:

For ventilation of sewer risers in regions with frosty winters, it is recommended to install heat-insulated ventilation outlets. The presence of thermal insulation prevents the formation of ice plugs, which can disrupt ventilation. The ventilation outlet is connected to the sewer riser using VILPE ​​corrugated pipe. Dimensions: height 350 mm and 500 mm, outer diameter 160 mm, inner diameter 110 mm. Complete set: pipe, 6 screws in the color of the element. Mounting: mounted on the passage element, depending on the type of roofing. Fastening is done with screws.

Standard colors:

Hello again!

The owners of apartments on the upper floors of high-rise buildings are often annoyed by the section of the sewer pipe that goes to the roof. It seems useless and, according to the owners, takes up too much usable space, which is why they often get rid of it without remorse.

In fact, the seemingly unnecessary fan pipe has a very specific purpose. What is its function and is it really impossible to do without it?

The fan pipe is a continuation and belongs to the class of gas outlet ventilation equipment.

Purpose and functions

The fan riser is designed to remove fetid gases accumulated in the circuit outside the boundaries of the household.

But this is not its only function, it:

• It normalizes the pressure in the system, which prevents the failure of hydraulic locks in the siphons of plumbing fixtures while draining a large amount of wastewater.
• Attenuates the sound of sewage movement in the pipeline.

Device and principle of operation

From a technical point of view, the fan riser is a natural extension of the waste pipeline. In fact, this is a pipe segment connected to the sewer line and extending beyond the boundaries of the roof structure of the house.

The contour and layout of the outlet of the fan pipe is determined by the features of the structure.

The principle of operation of the fan riser is based on the difference in atmospheric pressure inside the sewer circuit and on the street. Formed in the process of biological decay gases naturally rush up and down. Since the design of the siphons of plumbing fixtures provides for a kind of barrier in the form of a water seal, they go outside along the path of least resistance - along the fan pipe. If it is absent or blocked, these gaseous emissions will be carried out through the water seal and enter the room.

How to determine if a vent pipe is required

There is no need to guess in this matter: everything is clearly regulated by the norms of SNiP 2.04.01-85. If the house does not belong to the categories "one-story" and "private", it must be equipped with a fan riser.

Do I need a fan riser in a one-story and two-story house

As we have already decided, if the house is two-story and also multi-apartment, a ventilation sewer circuit is a must.

But with a one-story, even a private house, everything is not so simple. A fan riser in a private one-story house may be required if, with a one-stage discharge of effluents, the liquid completely, albeit for a short time, blocks the cross section of the sewer pipe. In this case, there is a high probability of failure of the hydraulic seals of sanitary equipment and the release of waste gases into the room.

The designated risk zone includes houses in which:

• More than one floor and at the same time each is equipped with a bathroom, even with a separate sewer branch.
• The diameter of the waste risers is less than 110 mm.
• Jacuzzis or pools are connected to the public sewerage system.
• The septic tank is removed from the house at a distance of less than 8 meters.
• Not sustained.

Even if you have a one-story house, but at the same time it has several bathrooms, it is necessary to connect a fan pipe.

How to check if there is a sewer pipe in the house

There is nothing easier:

1. If you are a happy owner of an apartment located on the top floor of a multi-storey building, just go to the bathroom where the sewer riser is located. If a pipe goes up from it, everything is fine. By the way, it would be useful to go up to the attic and make sure that this pipe is brought out of the roof.
2. If you are not so lucky and the apartment is located a little lower, just listen to the sounds made by the sewer. A characteristic squelching is a signal that the fan pipe is either not there at all, or it is clogged.
3. The systematic failure of water seals and a fetid odor will also indicate problems with the sewer ventilation system.

Is it possible to do without it

In very rare cases, yes. But then the sewer line should be equipped with a check or vacuum valve (aerator). Which is better, consider below.

What materials is it made from

What is a fan, what is a sewer - this is the same type of pipes. This means that they are made from the same materials - plastic or cast iron:

1. more convenient to install and operate.
2. Cast iron is stronger and more durable, but it is harder to work with them due to their impressive weight and fragility. In addition, cast iron quickly become contaminated during operation.

Types, sizes and diameters

There are 2 types of fan pipes:

• Rectilinear (rigid).
• Offset (corrugated).

The offset pipe is mobile and allows you to connect to a toilet with any outlet location.

The norms regulate the diameter of the fan pipes of 110 mm. This value is the same for both cast iron and plastic models.

The length of the fan pipe can be different: it depends on the height of the ceiling and attic spaces, as well as the level of output outside the roof.

Which view is better

Cast iron is gradually giving way to plastic, so if possible it is better to replace the cast iron model with a plastic one. This is not at all difficult to do: you can use special cuff adapters for tie-in.

When choosing between plastic products, give priority to polymers based on polypropylene (PP) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC). They are:

• They provide sufficient fastening rigidity, resistance to vibration and mechanical loads.
• Able to withstand the aggressive environment of condensate accumulating on the walls of the pipeline during the release of malodorous gases.

It is better to use the same type of plastic that was chosen for the main sewer. So it will be easier to choose a sealing composition.

Structural features are determined by the installation method and personal preferences of the owner. If the design is straight, it is wiser to use rigid products. If it is planned to bend the contour, it is allowed to perform part of the elements in the corrugation.

How to choose the right

The main issue in choosing a fan pipe is determining the optimal diameter, especially when it comes to apartment buildings with a large number of drains.

The size of the cross section of the fan pipe should not be less than the same value of the interfloor sewer riser to which it is connected.

approximate price

The cost of fan pipes is determined by a number of parameters:

• Dimensions (section, length, wall thickness).
• Manufacturing material.
• structural features.
• Manufacturer and brand name.

The estimated cost of PVC models is given in the table:

Outer diameter, mm	Wall thickness, mm	Pipe length, m	price, rub.
90	5	3,06	500
90	8	6	1850
113	5	2,07	560
113	5	3,07	830
113	5	5,07	1360
113	7	2,07	760
113	7	3,07	1125
113	7	5,07	1855
125	5	2,07	605
125	5	3,07	900
125	5	5,07	1480
125	6	3,07	1050
125	6	5,07	1735
125	7,5	3,07	1320
140	6,5	2,07	890
140	6,5	3,07	1320
140	6,5	5,07	2180
140	8	3,07	1600
140	8	5,07	2630
165	7,5	3,07	1740
165	9,5	3,07	2150
195	8,5	3,08	2195
195	11,5	3,08	3050
225	10	3,09	3170
225	13	3,09	4005

Installation rules

The installation of the vent pipe is carried out inside the heated room strictly from the bottom up in the following sequence:

1. Preparation in the bearing elements of the construction of technological holes.
2. Installation of plumbing fixtures, assembly and connection of their sewer circuit to the riser.
3. The system is assembled at the lowest point of the circuit. To connect all the elements, a tee is used, one of the holes of which should “look” up.
4. A section of the fan pipe of the required size is installed in the branch pipe of the tee, so that the connecting section does not fall out onto the attic floor.
5. Silicone sealant is used to seal the joints.
6. Every 1-1.5 meters, the pipeline is fixed to the wall by means of clamps: rigid - in the places of the socket connection, floating - in straight sections. It is advisable to use clamps with a rubber seal, they will better hold the pipe in a given position and compensate for the vibration load.

How is the outlet pipe through the roof and how to determine the desired height

The contour of the fan riser is erected along the inner wall of the building, is carried out through the attic and without fail is taken out of the roof.

In this case, the following conditions must be met:

1. To prevent the collapse of the structure in the attic, a fastening system is provided.
2. The minimum level of elevation of the fan pipe above a flat roof is 30 cm, above a pitched roof - 50 cm.
3. When the fan pipe is placed in parallel with the ventilation circuit of the house, the edge of the fan pipe is set at least 15 cm higher than the edge of the ventilation pipe.
4. With a gable roof, the fan pipe should be taken out from the leeward side.
5. The distance between the edge of the vent pipe and the nearest window or balcony is at least 4 m.
6. To prevent contamination, the head is equipped with a special protective deflector. Installing another type of equipment will inevitably worsen the quality of the sewer ventilation circuit, as well as provoke the formation of condensate.
7. When the head rises above the roof level to a height of more than 50 cm, a bracing system is installed that firmly fixes the position of the pipe on the roof.

Sometimes you can lead the fan pipe through the gable part of the roof, this will preserve the integrity of the roofing. In addition, technically, such installation is easier to perform, the main thing is to comply with the requirements for the remoteness of the head from the window and balcony structures of the house. Otherwise, fetid aromas will be drawn into the house.

How is the output through the roof

For output through the roof, a mounting hole is made in the roofing pie, 1-2 cm larger than the diameter of the fan pipe. After the pipeline is assembled, it is necessary to carefully seal the through hole.

For this, special polymeric elastic linings are used, the so-called master flashes. They are:

• Easily installed.
• Provides a tight seal.
• Reliably protect the place of passage from leakage.

Along the edges of the lining, you should additionally walk with sealant.

The main mistakes during installation

Everything that is prohibited by the norms of SNiP, but for some unknown reason is often ignored by craftsmen, can be safely attributed to the number of errors:

1. Unauthorized removal of the fan line.
2. Reducing the cross section of the fan pipe compared to the main sewer riser.
3. Conclusion of the head to the attic.
4. The erection of a fan circuit along the outer wall of the building.
5. Conclusion of the fan pipeline to the standard general house ventilation system.

Combining a fan circuit with a chimney can cause a fire due to the ignition of sewer gases.

Is soundproofing and insulation required?

Soundproofing the fan pipe is not a mandatory requirement, but it is not forbidden either. This issue becomes especially relevant when the pipeline passes through living rooms. The noise of sewage, air pops and vibrations can cause discomfort.

The following materials are used for soundproofing:

1. Mounting foam. The surface of the fan pipe simply foams with it. However, it should be noted that such a design will look unattractive, and it is also quite problematic to dismantle it later, and you can forget about repairs altogether.
2. Special slab materials made in the form of a rigid shell that exactly repeats the configuration of the pipeline. They are easy to install, hold well and do not cause difficulties during dismantling.
3. Soft rolled soundproofing canvases, with which the highway is usually wrapped in 2-3 layers (depending on the thickness and sound-absorbing qualities of the material). The inconvenience of using soft sheets lies in the need to ensure their sufficiently rigid fixation, which prevents the material from rolling along the vertical plane of the pipeline.

The use of thick-walled polypropylene pipes can reduce the noise effect of a working sewer.

But the insulation of the fan pipeline is not an idle question, especially when it comes to an unheated basement, upper floors and an attic. The temperature difference provokes the formation of condensate and its freezing in the pipe circuit, reducing the efficiency of the ventilation system. For insulation, as a rule, the same materials are used as for sound insulation.

Rules for replacing a pipe

The need to replace the fan riser arises when the old design:

• Obviously worn out, and the connections loosened.
• Has damage.
• Made from old cast iron pipes, long outdated.

Replacement work should begin with disconnecting the obsolete structure from the sewer riser, which should be temporarily closed with a plug during the repair. This will prevent the release of fetid odors into the room, and will also prevent the remnants of the old pipe from entering the sewer circuit.

After dismantling the old structure, you can proceed to install a new one. The sequence of these works is described above. Do you have any questions? Watch the video.

Repairing a plastic fan pipe is a simple matter. It is enough to replace the damaged area with a new one or install a special crimp repair sleeve in this place.

With cast iron pipelines, everything is much more complicated, especially when it comes to the old fund. Over time, cast iron becomes more brittle, and it is almost impossible to disassemble a battered cast-iron joint without damage. Better to do a complete replacement.

Fan pipe alternative

Some alternative to the fan line are special devices - aerators. In their people.

With an independent installation of a sewer system in an individual house, not all owners are well aware of how to properly mount it. The sewer system is an integral part of modern homes. One of the essential elements of such a system for its proper functioning is a sewer pipe. Many owners of private households do not fully understand its purpose and proper application when constructing a sewer system.

What it is

The fan pipe is a part of the pipeline of the sewer system, connecting it directly to the atmosphere and excluding the emptying of the water seals of plumbing fixtures from possible vacuum when draining the waste water.

In turn, a specially curved sewer pipe at the outlet of a plumbing fixture is called a water seal. It, naturally, is partially filled with water, which acts as a water plug to prevent unpleasant air from entering the sewer pipes directly into the room. For example: the water seal at the toilet is made in the body, and a special product is screwed to the sink - a siphon.

Important! If there is no fan pipeline in the sewerage system, then at the moment a certain amount of water is drained, water plugs may disappear at nearby hydraulic seals and then not very pleasant sewer odors will freely seep into the living quarters through empty pipes.

The fan pipe is also called the ventilation of the sewer system. Its presence in the sewer allows you to solve two important problems at the same time:

• During ventilation, harmful gases are removed from the sewage system;
• Pipeline ventilation maintains atmospheric pressure in all sewerage elements, preventing air rarefaction from occurring when large volumes of water are drained at the same time.

Hence the conclusion: a fan pipe is an important attribute in the construction of a sewerage system in residential buildings.

Device

The presence of fan risers in the sewer system of multi-apartment residential buildings is mandatory and is regulated by current state documents and building codes. As a rule, sewer ventilation risers are made straight, due to the fact that the processes occurring there are gravity-flowing, and not forced, and it is necessary to minimize the number of outlets and various constrictions for the most free passage of air flows.

Sewer systems in individual houses do not have such volumes of wastewater as in multi-apartment residential buildings, therefore, the requirements for the installation of fan risers are less complex and allow significant deviations for the sake of practicality and minimization of construction costs.

The fan pipe is basically the upper continuation of the sewer riser, so it must end with an outlet to the roof of the building. A standard deflector must be mounted at the end of the pipe, so that the distance from the surface of the roof ridge is 30 centimeters higher. It is not recommended to draw sewer ventilation to the facade of the building.

Important! Do not install the outlet of the sewer riser in the attic of the building or near windows and near balconies.

For the installation of a fan riser, pipelines made of any materials can be used. So, plastic, cast iron or steel pipes must meet only one condition - be corrosion resistant, since many aggressive substances will be present in the composition of sewer gases.

Diameter

There are no special requirements for calculating the diameter of the fan pipes, so for multi-apartment residential buildings it should be equal to the diameter of the sewer riser itself. But for individual construction, it is allowed to use pipes with half the diameter compared to the main riser, so only air will pass through the fan part of the pipeline, and it has several times less density than the drained water in the lower part of the sewer network.

A 50 mm fan pipe is well suited for sewerage of an individual private house

Basically, during the construction of an individual residential building to calculate a separate sewer branch, which includes a sink with a pipe with a diameter of 50 mm, a drain tank with a hole of 70 mm, a main pipe from the toilet bowl of 100 mm and a common riser, also 100 mm, use a fan pipe with a diameter of only 50 mm. Practice shows that this diameter is quite enough to maintain constant pressure and ensure constant ventilation of the sewer system.

Do I need a fan pipe in a two-story house

Guided by building codes, it is allowed to exclude from the execution scheme during the construction of the sewerage system of the fan pipeline in individual houses. This conclusion is based on the fact that in small households large volumes of drained water cannot be formed simultaneously.

The installation of a sewer pipe for a sewer network in low-rise construction will not always be superfluous, therefore it is recommended that at the stage of construction of a new building, sewerage be carried out according to the traditional scheme with all functional elements. Although there are a number of clear criteria under which the installation of a fan pipeline is a prerequisite for the proper functioning of the sewerage system, namely:

• There are two residential compartments in the house, each having its own sewage system, which is combined into a common network;
• The house has more than two floors, equipped with common risers;
• There is a horizontal sewer distribution with connected three or more plumbing fixtures;
• The presence in the house of sewer risers made of pipes with a diameter of 50 mm;
• The presence of a pool or similar structure that allows large simultaneous discharges of water into the sewer system;
• In the presence of individual sewer septic tanks located on the site directly next to the house.

In any case, when, during a one-time discharge of water, a situation may arise in which the cross section of the sewer pipe will be completely filled and it will be possible to create a vacuum in the above water seals, then the installation of a vent pipe becomes a prerequisite for the proper functioning of the sewer system at home.

If a residential building is equipped with a small number of plumbing fixtures and mainly with a small diameter of sewer pipes, then the use of a fan pipe is not necessary, since it will not have a significant impact on the operation of the entire sewage system, but will only require extra funds.

Tip: In case of one-story construction, the installation of fan pipes is not advisable.

How to check

When buying an existing country house or cottage, you can easily check and make sure that there is a fan pipe in the sewer system. So, if you abruptly flush the water from the toilet, then as a result of this, it should not disappear from the above-located hydraulic locks of plumbing fixtures. But the characteristic appearance of squelching sounds in the siphons of sinks and the bathroom leads to the conclusion that not everything is in order with the sewage system in the house and this can lead to the appearance of unpleasant odors in the rooms in the future.

To check for the presence of a vent pipe in the sewerage system of the house, you need to flush the toilet

Installation

The requirements for the installation technology of fan pipelines are the same as for other sewer pipes. So you can list the basic conditions for installation:

• Sections of pipelines laid horizontally should have a minimum slope of 0.02% towards the sewer stacks;
• Several sewer risers can be combined with one fan pipe;
• It is possible to change the direction of the fan pipeline after the last water seal and only above the level along the riser;
• When combining three or more pipelines, it is necessary to connect with angles of 45 and 135 degrees, respectively;
• With an operated roof or a habitable attic, the installation of a fan deflector is carried out at a height of 30 cm closer to the roof ridge;
• The exit of the fan pipe is allowed no closer than four meters horizontally from balconies or attic windows.

Installation diagram with roof outlet

Important! Any combination of pipelines of fan pipes, ventilation systems and chimneys is strictly prohibited.

Do I need to insulate and soundproof

Insulation of fan pipelines passing through residential premises, as well as sewer pipes, is not required at all. But in an unheated attic, it is worth at least minimal thermal insulation of the pipes so that ice does not freeze inside during severe frosts, since water vapor is much lighter than air, and they will tend to climb the pipe, where they will freeze on cold walls.

Noise insulation of the fan pipe must be carried out only in the case of its open passage through the living quarters. If this cannot be avoided, then the insulation work is quite simple and is carried out in the same way as for all sewer pipelines equally easily. The only thing that complicates the process is the variety of acoustic processes in pipes directly dependent on the materials from which the pipelines are made.

So, the soundproofing properties of cast iron pipes are much better than those of their plastic counterparts. This is due primarily to the properties of the granular structure of cast iron and the greater wall thickness, therefore, such pipes, as a rule, do not require additional noise insulation.

Sound processes occurring in plastic pipes can be divided into four main components:

• Impact character, when water and feces in the fall repeatedly hit the walls of the riser;
• Atmospheric character - this is the penetration of wind noise and precipitation through the outer part of the pipeline;
• Resonant nature from the presence of extraneous noise in the pipes, due to the interaction of the sewer pipeline with the building structures;
• Vibrating nature, arising in the presence of contact with any operating equipment.

The main part of the work on soundproofing should be carried out at the design stage of a residential building, so that all sewer risers do not pass through residential premises and are installed exclusively in special boxes or sewer shafts, which themselves are shielding devices and prevent the spread of noise.

If, nevertheless, the fan pipeline is open in the living room, then its sound insulation can be easily done by wrapping the pipe with strips of inexpensively foamed polyethylene in two or three layers.

Vacuum valve or fan pipe

A vacuum valve is a special device that performs the same main function as a fan pipe, namely, it prevents the occurrence of vacuum in the sewer system, thereby eliminating the emptying of water seals in plumbing fixtures and makes it impossible for unpleasant odors to enter from the sewer.

For individual houses, a vacuum valve is an alternative and a complete replacement for a fan pipe. It is much simpler to install and easily cuts into any existing sewer pipeline, while it does not require a complex outlet to the outside and is much cheaper in terms of capital costs when buying and installing.

Important! Do not confuse two different types of sewer valves - a vacuum valve and a check valve. They differ both in execution and in the functional purpose that they perform in the sewerage system.

The vacuum valve is designed as a fully automatic device that starts to work at the slightest occurrence of vacuum in the sewer pipe when the water is drained. The sensitive element of the valve is made in the form of a special membrane made of rubber or silicone.

It works due to the difference in pressure inside and outside the pipe, opening when a vacuum occurs when water is drained, thereby ensuring the flow of missing air into the sewer network. Under the action of internal forces, the membrane immediately returns to its place with full pressure equalization, preventing the penetration of air from the sewer pipe.

The only disadvantages of a vacuum valve are:

• The occurrence (gluing) of the membrane to the installation site (socket) with a very long inactivity,
• Deformation of the shape of the membrane over time due to the drying of low-quality rubber or from prolonged and frequent operation.

Both of these shortcomings of the vacuum valve are not so critical and can easily compensate for the inexpensive cost of buying a new device and the ease of reinstalling it.

How to arrange a sewer network in your home, everyone decides for himself. After all, there is no unequivocal answer to the question: a vacuum valve or a fan pipe, or simply you should not complicate the sewerage scheme with unnecessary elements. Here you are advised by this article, common sense, technical calculation and your life experience.

Not everyone knows why to bring sewers to the roof. Meanwhile, it is precisely the lack of communication between sewer pipes and the atmosphere that can cause an unpleasant smell in the toilet.
To begin with, let's look at SNiP 2.04.01-85 * "Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings" says:

Paragraph 17.18 says the following:

Domestic and industrial sewer networks that discharge wastewater into the external sewer network must be ventilated through risers, the exhaust part of which is discharged through the roof or prefabricated ventilation shaft of the building to a height, m:

• from a flat non-exploited roof .......... 0.3
• pitched roof ....................................... 0.5
• operating roof .............................. 3
• trim of the prefabricated ventilation shaft ..... 0.1

Why is sewer ventilation necessary? In a nutshell, about the sewerage device itself in the house and about the water seal. In every plumbing fixture, whether it is a sink, sink, shower or toilet, there is a characteristic bend in the sewer pipe, a “knee” in which water must always be.

It is this layer of water that prevents the penetration of odors from the sewer riser into the toilet or kitchen.
Now about the device of the sewerage system schematically:

Imagine that someone on the 3rd floor of the house flushed the toilet tank (5). A five-liter drop of water, well, or not quite water, flying through the sewer riser (2) creates a vacuum behind it. If there is a zone of rarefaction, then the air tends to it from all sides. And it’s good if there is that notorious exhaust ventilation or “fan” pipe (1). When creating a vacuum, air from the roof will quickly enter the pipe and the pressure will balance. Many builders, wanting to save on pipes and not wanting to make holes in the roof, simply put a plug on the sewer riser on the top floor. In this case, the air in the pipe has nowhere to come from, and this very drop, from the third floor, flying past the second, sucks in water from the hydraulic locks. This is called "water seal failure". Shower cabins and ladders are especially susceptible to this phenomenon - in them the size of the water seal is minimal.
However, there is a way to do without a pipe on the roof. The outlet is a ventilation (vacuum) sewer valve.


When a vacuum occurs in the riser inside the valve, the shutter is folded, the valve instantly sucks in air and the shutter closes back, preventing odors from the sewer riser from entering the room. However, the sewer vacuum valve is not a very reliable device. It may fail or become clogged with dust. Thus, the most reliable way to vent the riser is to exit to the roof.
There are several requirements of regulatory documentation regarding the fan parts of the riser.
Exhaust parts of sewer risers should be located at a distance of at least 4 meters from windows and balconies. It is impossible to connect the fan parts of the sewer risers with ventilation systems or chimneys. It is possible to combine several sewer risers from above with one exhaust part, but its diameter cannot be less than the diameter of the riser itself. For most buildings, the diameter of the risers and, accordingly, the exhaust parts are pipes with a diameter of 110 mm. Combined exhaust parts must be laid with

The hand-made creation of roof ventilation outlets is successfully introduced into the environment of developers. Let's be honest, the incomprehensible and frightening ventilation outlet of the roof of the house evoked associations of a free "spacewalk". It is vague and incomprehensible, until the manufacturer interested the builders with the through passage element of the ventilation outlet. As always, useful tips will help you master the specialty of a roofing master and learn how to select and install a penetration.

What are roof vents

To create and maintain the microclimate of a private house, ventilation is a necessary condition that ensures the durability of structures. Ventilation is especially relevant for roofs equipped with skylights and attic space.

An important element of the roofing system and its terminal component is the ventilation outlet to the roof, which ensures the tightness of the outlet connecting pipe.

• sewer pipe
• operated premises
• attic space.

The end element of the air ducts is an industrially manufactured section of the pipe-vent outlet, which, together with the main components and the type of roofing materials, provides exhaust air exhaust. Let's say that the components of the passage assembly are: a pipe installed in the passage shaft, fixed in a steel sleeve, a connecting flange, a valve and a condensate collection element. From above, the passage assembly is equipped with a protective cap or umbrella, in the interface plane they are sealed and, if necessary, insulated.

passage nodes and passage elements

The nodes are a set of ready-made penetration structures made of steel with a heat-resistant coating and a sewer outlet element in the form of a pipe. For the installation and installation of penetrations, ready-made slabs (platforms) with a hole for the node are also used, the structures of the nodes are designed for straight and pitched roofs. For a soft roof, a galvanized steel construction option is available.

Ventilation in a private house scheme with an exit

The ventilation outlet device and the development of the scheme, taking into account the technologically possible passage, are provided for at the design stage. The roofing node of the passage is arranged for:

• overhaul of the roof with the replacement of the outer covering
• when creating a different roofing system
• replacement of the heating source.

The installation of the roof passage ensures the use of natural and forced ventilation, according to the functional purpose of the penetration, the operability of the kitchen hood outlet, the general-purpose ventilation outlet and the sewer outlet to the roof is carried out.

organization of roof penetration

The principle of organizing a penetration unit and exits to any roof is identical and represents the organization of a technological hole with the subsequent installation of the passage element itself and the subsequent installation of a ventilation pipe.

Hand-made creation of roof penetrations is provided by the following parameters:

• roofing material
• angle of inclination of the existing roof
• the height of the inter-roof space and the truss system.

Naturally, the passage elements, with the use of which ventilation is provided, are distinguished according to the type of roofing materials and the design features of the device.

The organization of the ventilation outlet for a metal tile differs from the outlet of a soft or seam roof.

There are the following types of roof penetration, depending on the configuration and shape of the passage, entailing the method of installation:

• roof penetration type Master Flash
• penetration straight and angular with a through element.

How should you choose a roof penetration according to its main components?

Ventilation output in a private house by type of roofing material

type of ventilation outlets

There are P-ventilation outlets and S-outlets, for which a passage element is selected according to the type of roof.

Ventilation outlets P they are an insulated pipe h = 500-700 mm with an outer cap ø up to 300 mm and an air duct ø 150-160 mm.

Ventilation outlets S is a passage with a vertical flow of the ventilation system, equipped with an industrial version of a duct fan or a heat exchanger. Outlet diameter S allows connection with ventilation ducts ø 125, 160, as well as 200 and 250 mm. A platform (base) of a square shape, the tightness of which during installation is achieved using a seal on the inside of the connecting flange. Moisture-proof mounting holes and a galvanized pipe guarantee the tightness of the ventilation outlet.

It remains to choose the right passage element according to the type of roof.

pass-through configuration

Type of roofing - wave (metal tile)

The pass-through element of the node, designed for the wave type of roofing of pitched roofs, is distinguished by the characteristic configuration of the base platform. The bend of the mating part of the element repeats the contour of the wave of the tile, and the ring of the water seal is its projection.

For a roof made of metal tiles, an element should be selected.

For example, ventilation outlet vilpe and a passage element with dimensions of 410x240x187 mm with a wave width of 170-190 mm at the base, a profile length of up to 330 mm and a profile height of 25 to 52 mm with the possibility of pairing the exit for profile types - XL, N, W, L.

Pass-through elements are made of polypropylene and reinforced with a protective layer from UV rays and precipitation.

The sewer ventilation outlet installed on pitched roofs, in addition to the passage element, is equipped with: a rubber corrugation for connecting to a pipe of the appropriate diameter, self-tapping screws with a washer and an adapter nozzle. The installation of the passage element is carried out according to a template with sealing the connection of the interface with an acetic-free two-component sealant of the hydraulic seal.

Roof type - flat bituminous and soft tiled

The pass-through element for flat pitched roofs features a flat base with dimensions: length 400-500 mm, width 276-300 mm, height up to 180 mm, like a vilpe ventilation outlet. The installation of the passage element and the creation of the water seal ring are carried out on the finished roof according to the template from the manufacturer.

Pass-through elements for rebated and finished pitched bituminous or slate roofs also have a flat base.

How to install the passage element of a slate roof is shown here.

Useful tips on how to choose a walk-through roofing element are shown in the best video.