How to make up the prayer for previous years. Should missed prayers be made up? Compensation for the fast of the month of Ramadan

It so happened that I somehow moved away from Islam: I missed a lot of prayers, my behavior was not like that of a Muslim, etc. I don’t even know how it happened, because of what I already forgot, but I never thought that I would stop praying. I want to correct myself now, but it doesn’t work out, I think that tomorrow I will compensate for all the prayers, and when tomorrow comes, I transfer it to the next day. How can I fix it, where do I start? What can be done to strengthen iman?

According to one of the hadiths, prayer is the first thing that will be asked for on the Day of Judgment, and if everything goes well with him, if a person performed it regularly and in a timely manner, then the interrogation on all other articles will be easy and he, if Allah pleases, will fall to Ray. In another saying of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) it is said that prayer is the difference between a believer and an unbeliever. In general, there are a lot of hadiths that tell about the importance and obligatory nature of prayer, what has been said is enough for a reasonable person to realize how great the significance of obligatory prayer is. Therefore, first of all, you need to pull yourself together and not postpone the beginning of the performance and compensation of prayer. Give yourself a word that no matter what happens, you will not leave prayer, try to perform it regularly for at least 40 days. If there are observant friends in your circle, arrange with them to go to the mosque together to perform namaz, so that you spend more time with friends, strengthen relationships with them and do not miss prayer.

Along with this, read Islamic literature, in particular the biography of the Prophets (peace and blessings of Allah be upon them), companions, righteous people, theologians. It instills a lot of love for religion.

Tell me, please, if I overslept the morning prayer, should I perform it before the lunch prayer or after it?

Prayer missed for a good reason (if you overslept through no fault of yours, namely: went to bed on time, set an alarm, etc.), you must definitely reimburse and, you can reimburse it in your free time, unlike a prayer missed without a valid reasons, it must be reimbursed immediately! It is advisable to perform the missed prayer before the timely one, if the time of the timely performed does not pass from this.

I have a small child, she is 1 year and 10 months old. Every time I pray, she stands in front of me, but I continue to pray. I wanted to know if such a prayer is considered valid?

As you know, one of the conditions of prayer is the cleanliness of the body, clothing and place of prayer, namely those places that you touch during prayer. Therefore, the fact that your child stood on the mat does not harm your prayer in any way. The hadiths say that when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) prayed, his grandchildren climbed on him.

I am very concerned about one question. I am doing namaz. But many of my relatives have a wrong understanding of our religion, in connection with the events taking place now. Therefore, I don’t like to say among them that I pray at all, it’s easier for me to do it silently, so that no one knows. Sometimes they can say something bad about Islam, and I don't want to get into an argument with them. It may be wrong to think so, but I get the impression that they can no longer be persuaded. Is it not considered such my silence that I do not defend religion as a "betrayal" in relation to it? And what to do in such situations?

Unfortunately, about 70 years of communism have done their job, in part they managed to lead some Muslims away from the observance of the norms of Islam. First of all, you need to work in terms of educating relatives. Answer their questions gently and diplomatically, and buy several books about Islam and CDs of sermons from theologians, in particular on the subject of obligatory prayer. But the greatest appeal will be your good disposition and good attitude towards them. Do not look at anything, do not leave the obligatory prayer, observe it regularly and in a timely manner. If you hear something inappropriate from them, correct them, explain to them, but in order for you to do this, you yourself need to study Islam, the wisdom of praying, etc.

I study at a military institute, we are not allowed to pray. What to do?

To begin with, approach the teacher (officer, commander) and try to explain the situation to him, namely, the importance of prayer for a believer. I think (I really hope) that if you present it normally, they will understand and allow it. If suddenly they are not allowed, go to the most important thing and try to explain it to him. If you fail here, contact a good lawyer and think about filing a lawsuit and obtaining the right, first of all, granted to you by the Constitution of our country - to freely practice your religion!

Is it possible to do sunnah (prayer or fasting) if there are unreimbursed duties - fard? For example, when you come to the mosque, is it better to make up for the missed prayer or is it desirable to make a salutatory prayer in 2 rak'ahs?

According to the Shafi'i madhhab (legal school), one who has missed obligatory prayers cannot perform desirable ones, with the exception of those that are performed only a few times during the year, such as the holiday prayers of Eid al-Adha and Kurban Bayram (Eid al-adha and Eid al-Fitr). There will be no demand from you on the Day of Judgment for not fulfilling the desired prayers, unlike the mandatory ones. Therefore, it is logical and necessary, when entering the mosque, to perform the missed prayer instead of the salutatory prayer, especially since the salutatory prayer is replaced by any other prayer. In other words, if a person, entering the mosque, performs any prayer, he receives a reward for performing the salutatory prayer.

How to pronounce the intention to refund farz prayer? Are there any conditions to make up for a missed Friday prayer?

The intention is made as follows, for example, to compensate for the lunch prayer: “I set out to compensate for the obligatory lunch 4-rakah prayer I missed for the sake of Allah.” Accordingly, if the morning prayer is reimbursed, then replace the word “dinner” with “morning”, and “4 rak'ahs” with “2 rak'ahs”, similarly with other prayers.

The missed Friday prayer is not reimbursed, instead of it, the lunch prayer is performed, as timely, if the prayer time has not yet come out. If the time of the lunch prayer has already passed, then you need to make up the lunch prayer as missed.

I had surgery and stitches, which will be removed only after 2 weeks, and I need to take a mandatory bath for prayer and fasting, but because of the stitches, I cannot wet the wound. I do not want to miss prayer and fasting. What should I do?

In those cases when it is impossible to perform ritual washing or bathing, it is necessary to do cleansing with earth, dust (tayammum). You can read more details by following these links:

My husband reads "al-Fatiha" and some suras with errors, but better than me. How would it be better in this case: to pray collectively or separately? Because of this, we have disputes.

If you and your husband have the same mistakes (one to one), you can pray collectively. However, if the husband does not make the same mistakes that you make, you will not succeed in jamaat prayer and you will have to pray separately or look for another imam for both of you who knows how to read surah al-Fatiha correctly.

I have debt prayers for 4 years, what should be the intention for tarawih prayers: for debt prayers or for tarawih prayers?

You need to make an intention to compensate for debt prayers, since it is for them that you will be asked on the Day of Judgment, and not for desirable prayers, such as tarawih prayers.

In the month of Ramadan, I get up every night and do tahajjud prayers. I recently learned that tahajjud prayer turns into fard if you perform it once. Please tell me is it true? If I can’t do it every night, then it’s undesirable to do it?

Sunnah does not become a fard, however, it is condemned to leave a constantly performed worship.

After the operation on the stomach, I have constant flatulence, i.e. the discharge of gases from the intestines, which gives me great problems, including when performing namaz. Ablution is broken right during prayer. How should I deal with prayer?

Always wait for the prayer time and perform ablution immediately before the prayer. If you wait for the azan (or the time of prayer according to the schedule), make ablution and immediately start reading the prayer, the prayer will be valid, despite the fact that during its performance there will be an involuntary discharge of gases.

I wanted to clarify something: is prayer for a person obligated after 15 years or after puberty?

According to the Shafi'i madhhab, prayer is obligated after puberty. Signs of the onset of puberty are: hair overgrowth of the armpits and groin, wet dreams, in girls - the appearance of menstrual flow. If there is no menstruation or wet dreams, then puberty occurs with the achievement of 15 years according to the lunar calendar.

Is it possible to pray during the adhan?

It is possible, but it is advisable to wait for its completion and make a prayer after.

Is it possible to perform prayer if the time for prayer has come, but the adhan has not been read?

It is possible, since one of the conditions for prayer is the onset of its time, and not the announcement of this, which is what the azan is.

If I did not manage to do the morning prayer on time, and it is already light outside, what should I do?

Do it when you wake up, the sooner the better.

Is prayer accepted by a person who has a tattoo on his body?

In the book “Ianat at-talibin” it is written: “It is obligatory to remove your (tattoo and permanent makeup) if such damage to the skin is not caused, due to which it will be necessary to do tayammum. Otherwise, it is not necessary to remove the tattoo." The book “Bujairimi” says: “If yours is inflicted before the age of majority, then it is not obligatory to remove it. In cases where a person is obliged to remove a tattoo, leaving it to him is not forgiven, and the prayer performed with it is not considered valid ”“ Ianat at-talibin ”, (No. 4/55).

Please tell me, after a miscarriage, women have bleeding for some time. Is it necessary to make a full ablution after it and is it necessary to compensate for all missed prayers during this time?

After the completion of the postpartum discharge, it is imperative to bathe with the appropriate intention. Prayers missed during this period of time do not need to be reimbursed.

Namaz is the duty of every Muslim. This is the pillar of Islam. Fivefold prayer strengthens faith; Thanks to her, a person feels a connection with the Almighty. The Qur'an requires the strict performance of prayer by Muslims, because this is the key to the door to paradise. He cleanses the prayer of sins and gives him a feeling of boundless happiness. The modern world dictates its own rules, and not always a believer manages to read all five prayers in a day. How to make up for a missed prayer and should it be done?

What is namaz?

These are prayers that every Muslim is required to read five times a day. Namaz should be performed in the morning, at noon, after dinner, in the evening and at night. The regularity of its commission is the main requirement of Islam. Believers should remember about 5 time intervals set for prayer.

Regular reading of the obligatory five times a day prayer is the main sign of a person's faith in Allah. The Prophet Muhammad reminds of this, and his words are enshrined in the Holy Quran. In the hadith of the Messenger of the Almighty it is said that the religion of the one who left the prayer or forgot about it will collapse. Muslims try to observe the regularity of prayer prescribed by the Koran. Imams (Islamic clerics) teach people how to make up for a missed prayer if it was not performed for good and bad reasons.

The Importance of Prayer

All the canons of Sharia were brought by Allah to people through the Prophet Muhammad. He also received all the information from the archangel Jabrail. The angel was the mediator between the Almighty and the Prophet. But once on the night of the Ascension, Allah called Muhammad to him and gave him a valuable gift - prayer. This happened without the participation of an intermediary - the archangel Jabrail. That is why prayer began to be of particular value to the Prophet and people from his community. This prayer was a special dialogue between man and the Creator.

Prayer cannot be neglected. On the Day of Judgment, Allah will ask people the regularity of performing prayer rituals on earth. Therefore, every Muslim is obliged to remember about the fivefold prayer and to know whether it is possible to make up for the missed prayer and how to do it.

The hadith of the Prophet Muhammad says that a person who prays five times a day is like one who bathed in a river 5 times. As water cleanses the human body of dirt, so prayer frees the soul from sins. Prayers refrain a person from obscene and forbidden acts and give him spiritual energy. Namaz is recommended to be performed during anxieties, experiences, failures. Regular prayer rituals help to maintain peace of mind, give a person inner strength with which he can overcome all obstacles. If a Muslim misses an obligatory prayer for any reason, it is better to turn to the imam for advice on how to make up for the missed prayer.

Rules for holding

The religion of Islam is built on five pillars.

1. Belief that there is no God but Allah and His messenger - the Prophet Muhammad.
2. Mandatory prayer.
3. Giving zakat.
4. Fasting in the month of Ramadan.
5. Hajj - making a pilgrimage to Mecca (for those who have the opportunity).

Namaz is one of the main deeds for which every person will be accountable on the Day of Judgment. It is very important not just to read prayers regularly, but to do it sincerely and from the bottom of your heart.

Before proceeding to the prayer ritual, every Muslim performs ablution. Namaz should be performed in clean clothes that cover almost the entire body: for women, only the hands and face remain open, while for men, part of the body from the navel to the knees should be covered. Prayer is read at the set time. The person praying should be turned towards the Kaaba (Mecca).

The morning prayer is read before dawn and consists of two cancers "at. The prayer performed at noon, day and night includes four cancers" at, and the evening prayer consists of three. Muslims must observe the fivefold regularity of prayers. In some cases, missing prayer is not considered a sin. You need to know the situations when an unread prayer is forgiven, and when not. Every Muslim must understand how to make up for a missed prayer.

How to fulfill the obligatory daily prayers?

Namaz, which is performed at a set time, is called "eda". An untimely prayer is a "kada". Also in Islam there is such a thing as "faid" - non-refundable prayer. Missing the obligatory prayer is considered a sin. To remove it, you need to conduct an imperfect prayer ritual. How and when can you make up for a missed prayer? The Prophet Muhammad answered this question in the following way: if one of the people forgot to pray, he should do it as soon as he remembers. If a person fell asleep and did not read the obligatory prayer, then he is obliged to do this as soon as he wakes up. When a Muslim misses a prayer for no reason, then he must not only make up for it, but also perform repentance (tauba).

Reimbursement rules

Among Muslims, the performance of any action out of time is called “kaza”. This concept is used in the religious sphere. How to make up for missed prayers?

Unread obligatory prayers can be read in any order. But for this it is necessary to observe a certain condition - the presence of intention (niya). Namaz can be completed during collective prayers with other Muslims.

Obligatory prayer rituals cannot be performed within 50 minutes after sunrise, as well as before sunset of the daylight (at this time it is not difficult to look at it). Namaz is forbidden to be performed at noon, when the sun is “overhead”.

If the missed prayers do not exceed six, then they should be read in the order in which they usually stand one after the other. If the number of missed prayers is more than 6, then this sequence may not be observed.

Night prayer is also subject to execution. Morning prayer is completed with fard in the period of time starting after sunrise and ending at noon.

The serious reason

Is it necessary to make up for missed prayers if a person missed them for good reasons? The Prophet Muhammad said that all missed prayers are subject to compensation, regardless of the reason. It is only necessary to comply with the conditions for their implementation and development. If a person reimbursed prayers in the wrong sequence due to ignorance, then everything can be left as it is. Whatever good reason a Muslim has, he is obliged to read the missed prayer when he has the opportunity to do so. Prayers that are missed intentionally are not subject to compensation. But instead, a person should repent before the Almighty. If the prayer was not performed due to the fact that the Muslim was on the road, then it should be performed as soon as he is at home. The prayer can be read in an abbreviated version.

Domestic troubles, laziness, bad mood are not considered valid reasons for not performing the obligatory prayer.

If you overslept or forgot about prayer

The Prophet Muhammad said that if a person fell asleep and did not perform prayer, then he should perform it as soon as he wakes up (Muslim 1/477). If a Muslim knew that the time of the morning prayer falls at 06:00, but at the same time set the alarm for 08:00, then he is considered to have deliberately missed the obligatory prayer. Such a person can very easily fall into unbelief.

What should I do if I missed the morning prayer? When to replenish it? As a rule, the sunnah of the morning prayer is replenished after sunrise until the onset of noon.

The opinion of the Hanafi madhhab

It must be taken into account in order to know exactly in what sequence to make up for missed prayers. Umar Nasuhi Bilmen wrote how to make up for missed prayers according to the Hanafi madhhab. He argues that it is preferable to perform missed prayers before reading. However, it is impossible to leave sunnat prayers in order to make up for unread prayers. A Muslim must first perform the obligatory prayer, and after that he can set aside time to read the missed prayer.

Reimbursement of prayer by women

Every Muslim is obliged to read the missed prayer, even if he had good reasons for this. When can prayers be made up for women who missed them due to menstruation? In the hadith narrated by l-Bukhari, Muslim, it is said that a woman does not need to make up for prayers missed during the monthly menstrual cycles. This opinion is shared by most of the companions and followers of the Prophet Muhammad. But fasting, not observed by a woman for the same reason, is subject to compensation.

Omitting the “terrible consequences” of not fulfilling prayers, which some unqualified and categorically minded individuals rant about, let us turn to the essence of the issue, leaving each person the right to choose, act and answer independently for adherence to the postulates of religious practice or its complete absence.

Completion of a prayer (kada’) that is not performed on time in the time allotted for it is as obligatory as the rigor itself in performing the five fard prayers. The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Whoever forgets about the [obligatory] prayer, let him perform it when he remembers. There is no atonement for sin (kaffar) on him, except for this [that is, the performance of a missed prayer, even if late].” The set of hadiths of Muslim also speaks of the one who missed the prayer, and al-Nasa'i - of the one who missed it out of negligence.

Based on the theological postulate "the degree of relaxation depends on the degree of complexity and compulsion", each situation associated with the difficulty of performing obligatory prayers is considered personified. And if the observance of prayer practice is so impossible, then, as soon as an opportunity arises, replenishment is necessary, since obligatory prayer is a person's duty to his Creator. Religion is given to man not to burden his life, but to ease it. Almighty Omniscient. As great is His mercy, so is His punishment just.

Related Aspects

1. There is no disagreement among theologians regarding the replenishment of prayers not performed in time. For ease, a person can make the intention (niyat) to regularly perform the prayers missed for the entire period when he did not pray, and with each obligatory prayer to make one replenished. Only fard rakiats are replenished. If we compare the significance of the fards of restored prayers with the sunnah of prayers performed on time, then the first will be much more important and weighty. Of course, the best is to perform a full daily prayer (sunnah and fard), then - replenished fards. As for the question of whether to perform the completed prayers before or after today's prayers, then, taking into account other canonical provisions, it is desirable to perform the completed prayers before morning, before or after noon, before afternoon, after evening and before or after night prayers.

It is allowed to perform replenished prayers together with other prayers (jamaat).

2. If a person performed a prayer, believing that he was reading it in a timely manner, and later it turned out that its time had expired, then there is no need to re-read the perfect prayer-prayer. This is the opinion of both the scholars of the Shafi'i madhhab and the Hanafi theologians.

3. It is better and more correct from the point of view of the Sunnah to make a missed prayer as soon as the opportunity arises.

There are references in scientific works that the best time for prayer is precisely its time period in a day, but this applies to the case when a person extended a prayer that was not completed on time right up to the next day or when he has a lot of obligatory debt prayers that he makes up gradually. In the latter situation, it is better if he performs debts along with timely ones: morning with morning, noon with noon, etc., although he can do it at any other time that is permissible for prayer.

4. If a person performs several missed prayers in a row, then it will be correct and correct to read the adhan and iqamah before the first prayer and read only the iqamat before each of the subsequent ones. This opinion is the most common among theologians of all four madhhabs. It is important to note that reading the adhan and iqamah both before the timely and before the debt prayers is a sunnah, that is, a desirable, laudable action.

5. All scholars, theologians, except for Shafi'i theologians, speak of the obligatory (wujub) performance of several missed prayers in their usual sequence. Shafiites talk about desirability (sunnah). Of course, this applies to those cases where there is no fear that during the time of the missed ones, the time period of the one that is timely at the moment will end.

You can make up for missed prayers at any time, with the exception of the forbidden time intervals during which the prayer is not performed.

Who should make up and who shouldn't

1. A person who has consciously become a Muslim should not make up for anything from the past. The only thing is, if, for example, having converted to Islam, he did not immediately begin to perform the obligatory prayer or missed the obligatory fast, then all this must be made up.

2. If a person was an absolutely unbeliever, but from among the “ethnic Muslims”, then, having begun the implementation of religious practice, he, like a neophyte, does not restore anything.

3. In the case when a person was a carrier of the postulates of faith, but did not observe religious practice, everything must be replenished starting from the period of puberty.

The combination of debt prayers with additional

According to Shafi'i theologians, with the collective performance of additional prayers, for example, "Tarawih", a person, with the appropriate intention, can make up for his debt prayers. They believe that the main thing in this matter is the similarity of the form of prayer-prayer. That is, for example, the usual obligatory (fard) prayer-prayer can be performed with an additional prayer (sunnah) together (collectively), regardless of who performs what. Each of the worshipers pronounces the intention for his prayer.

The scholars of the Hanafi madhhab said that the one who performs the sunnah (additional prayer) can join the performer of the fard (mandatory), but the performer of the fard cannot join the performer of the sunnah.

The Taraweeh prayer is an additional prayer (sunnah), therefore, according to the Hanafi theologians, standing behind the imam performing the Tarawih prayer, one can make an intention for any additional prayer, but not the obligatory prayer (fard).

As for the practical side, both opinions are justified, therefore, one must act according to the situation and in accordance with the opinion of that group of scientists (that is, according to the madhhab), whose conclusions a person follows in everyday religious practice.

The Traveler and Replenished Prayers

Since there is no unequivocal answer to this issue in the Qur'an and Sunnah, Islamic theologians used indirect argumentation, as a result of which, depending on what was emphasized, two main opinions appeared.

The theologians of the Hanafi madhhab, and with them the scholars of the Maliki, believed that the prayer is completed in the way it was missed. That is, when a person missed it, being in the position of a traveler, he will have to make up for it in an abbreviated form, even if at that moment he is already at the place of permanent residence. If he decides to make up for the prayer on the way, which was missed while he was at the place of permanent residence, then the four rak'ahs are also replenished by him in four rak'yaats.

The theologians of the Shafi'i and Hanbali madhhabs in their conclusion focused precisely on the time and place of the completed prayer. The state in which it was passed is not taken into account by them. It is important what is the position of the one who replenishes it at the time of the prayer. If he is a traveler, then he makes up for the four-rak'yat prayer, missed at the place of permanent residence, in two rak'yats. When the prayer was missed on the way, and is already replenished at home, then the four rak'yats remain four rak'yats.

Hadith from Anas; St. X. Ahmad, al-Bukhari, Muslim, an-Nasai, Ibn Maja, etc. See, for example: Al-‘Asqalani A. Fath al-bari bi sharh sahih al-bukhari. T. 3. S. 89, hadith No. 597; Janan I. Hadith of the ancyclopedis. Qutub sitte. T. 7. S. 363, Hadith No. 2340; al-Amir ‘Alyaud-din al-Farisi. Al-ihsan fi taqrib sahih ibn habban. T. 4. S. 422, hadith No. 1555, "sahih."

See: Al-‘Aini B. ‘Umda al-qari sharh sahih al-bukhari. T. 5. S. 135; al-Amir ‘Alyaud-din al-Farisi. Al-ihsan fi taqrib sahih ibn habban. T. 4. S. 423, hadith No. 1556 "sahih"; Janan I. Hadith of the ancyclopedis. Qutub sitte. T. 7. S. 364, Hadith No. 2341; al-Suyuty J. Al-jami ‘as-sagyr. S. 544, hadith no. 9059, "sahih"; al-Qari 'A. Mirkat al-mafatih sharh mishkyat al-masabih. T. 2. S. 532, Hadiths No. 603, 604.

Here we are talking only about the obligatory (fard) five prayers.

See, for example: Buty R. Ma‘a an-nas. Mashurat wa fatawa. S. 43.

See, for example: Al-‘Aini B. ‘Umda al-kari sharh sahih al-bukhari [Reader's support. Commentary on the collection of hadiths of al-Bukhari]. In 20 volumes. Egypt: Mustafa al-Babi, 1972. V. 4. S. 249.

See, for example: Az-Zuhayli V. Al-fiqh al-islami wa adillatuh. T. 1. S. 774, 778.

See, for example: Al-‘Askalyani A. Fath al-bari bi sharh sahih al-bukhari [Discovery by the Creator (for a person in understanding the new) through comments on the set of hadiths of al-Bukhari]. In vol. 18. Beirut: al-Kutub al-‘ilmiya, 2000. Vol. 3. S. 90, explanatory note to chapter No. 37.

See: Al-‘Aini B. ‘Umda al-qari sharh sahih al-bukhari. T. 4. S. 249.

There. S. 246.

See: Al-‘Aini B. ‘Umda al-qari sharh sahih al-bukhari. T. 4. S. 249; al-Zuhayli V. Al-fiqh al-islami wa adillatuh. In 11 vols. T. 2. S. 1156, 1160.

A neophyte is a new adherent of a particular religion.

As for the “form of performance that differs from the usual one”, this is, for example, a funeral prayer (“Janaza”), a prayer on the occasion of a solar eclipse, a festive prayer.

See, for example: Az-Zuhayli V. Al-fiqh al-islami wa adillatuh. In 8 vols. T. 2. S. 223–227.

See, for example: Az-Zuhayli V. Al-fiqh al-islami wa adillatuh. T. 2. S. 136, 137.

Question from Rami:

Assalyamu alaikum! Please tell me how to make up for missed morning prayers. I heard the morning prayer can only be reimbursed after sunrise until lunch, if it is for that day. And if a lot of morning prayers are missed, then how to compensate?

Timely prayer is called “eda”, and prayer after the expiration of its time is called “kaza”.

The Messenger of Allah (salallahu alayhi wa sallam) ordered to compensate for prayers that a person missed for a good reason, for example, oversleeping, or missed prayer, being unconscious.

In a hadith narrated from Anas (radiyallahu anhu) it is reported that the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said:

عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَي اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ سَلَّمَ: إِذَا رَقَدَ أَحَدُكُمْ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ أَوْ غَفَلَ عَنْهَا فَلْيُصَلِّهَا إَذَا ذَكَرَهَا، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ: وَ أَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ لِذِكْرِي

“Whoever sleeps through the prayer, or misses it out of forgetfulness, let him perform it as soon as he remembers it. Since Allah Almighty says: “And pray to remember Me” ”(Muslim, Salat: 108, no.: 1569, p. 279; Bukhari, Mawakit: 38, no.: 597, p. 124; Abu Dawood, Salat : 11, no: 442, p. 75; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, al-Musnad, no: 10909, 20/255).

It is reported in the narration narrated by Ubad ibn Samit (radiyallahu anhu) that when the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was asked about kaffarat, for one who forgot about prayer before sunrise or after sunset, he said:

عَنْ عِبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: سُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَي اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ سَلَّمَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ غَفَلَ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ حَتَّى طَلَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ أَوْ غَرَبَتْ مَا كَفَّارَتُهَا؟ قَالَ: يَتَقَرَّبُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَ يُحْسِنُ وُضُوءَهُ وَ يُصَلِّي الصَّلَاةَ وَ يَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ فَلَا كَفَّارَةَ لَهَا إِلَّا ذَلِكَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ: وَ أَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ لِذِكْرِي

“He should try (spiritually) to approach Allah (by such deeds as sadaqah), do a proper small ablution, make up for the missed prayer, and ask Allah for forgiveness. There is no other kaffarat besides this. For verily, Allah said: “And pray to remember Me” (Taberani, al-Mujamul-Kabir, 18/157; Haysemi, Majmauz-Zawaid, No: 1809, 2/76).

The sunnah of the morning prayer is reimbursed along with the fard, after the sun rises above the horizon and before noon. The sunnah and fard of morning prayers are not refunded until full sunrise and after noon.

If the fard of the morning prayer was performed on time, and the sunnah of the morning prayer was missed, then, according to Imam Abu Hanifa and Imam Abu Yusuf (rahimahumallah), it is not refundable. And, according to Imam Muhammad (rahimahullah), the sunnah of the morning prayer can be replenished after full sunrise and before noon.

If a person has a lot of kaza-namaz, then in this case, when they are compensated, there is no need to determine which particular prayer it is. Because this is a complication. In this case, it is enough to make, for example, the intention to make up for the last missed morning prayer or the last missed midday prayer. Kaza-namaz can be performed at any time, with the exception of those periods of time that are considered makruh, since they do not have a specific time for performing.

With the name of Allah the Merciful, the Merciful

Praise be to Allah - the Lord of the worlds, peace and blessings of Allah be upon our Prophet Muhammad, members of his family and all his companions!

On the need to follow the sequence when performing several prayers missed for an acceptable Sharia reason

Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “Umar ibn al-Khattab came during the battle of the Ditch after sunset and began to scold the infidels-Quraysh, then he said: “O Messenger of Allah, I had barely finished the afternoon ('asr) prayer as the sun began to sink below the horizon!” And the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “By Allah, I didn’t commit it at all!” Then the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and we took a bath and performed the afternoon (‘asr) prayer when the sun had already set, and then the evening (maghrib)". al-Bukhari 598, Muslim 209.
This opinion, that prayers should be compensated, observing their sequence, was preferred by the majority of scholars. See “al-Mughni” 1/607, “Nailul-Autar” 2/36.
If a person, not knowing this, compensated prayers out of order, then he should not redo anything, since ignorance is an excuse. The Hanafis spoke about this and this opinion was preferred by Sheikh-ul-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah. See al-Insaf 1/445.
In what cases can untimely prayer be justified?

If a person overslept or forgot to pray

The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: Whoever forgot about the prayer or overslept it, then the atonement for this will be the performance of this prayer as soon as he remembers it.". Muslim 1/477.
A person should make every effort not to wake up prayers. And if a person knows that in five minutes the time for prayer will come, then he should not go to bed!
Scientists also said that if a person set the alarm clock, for example, at 8 o’clock, knowing that the time of the morning prayer comes out at 6 o’clock, then he is regarded as the one who deliberately left prayer, for which reason he fell into disbelief! Sheikh Ibn Baz and Sheikh Ahmad al-Najmi said something similar.

Not praying due to coercion

A forced person has justification before Allah, in which there is no disagreement among scholars. See al-Majmu’ 3/67, al-Ashbah wa-nazair 208.

Fears for one's life when something threatens the one who prays

It is reported from Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) that when the situation became more complicated during the battle of Tustar, the companions missed the morning prayer and performed it only after sunrise. al-Bukhari 2/172. See also al-Muhalla 2/244 Naylul-Autar 2/36, Sharhul-Mumti’ 2/23.

Should a prayer be made up if it is missed without an acceptable Shariah reason?

There is no doubt about the greatness of the sin of one who deliberately missed the time allotted for prayer, without a Sharia reason. Among the scientists there were those who even considered such a person to be unfaithful. Hafiz Ibn ‘ Abdul-Barr said: “Ibrahim an-Nakha'i, al-Hakam ibn 'Utayba, Ayyub al-Sakhtiyani, 'Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak, Ahmad ibn Hanbal and Ishak ibn Rahawayh said that one who consciously leaves one prayer and does not perform it without a reason at the appointed time, and refuses to repay it, and says: “I will not perform prayer!”, that unbeliever, whose property and blood become lawful! If he repents and begins to pray again, then his repentance is accepted, otherwise he will be executed and not inherited from him!” See “al-Istizkar” 2/149.
Also Ibn ‘Abdul-Barr said: " The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Rulers will appear after me who will miss the time of prayer. Therefore, you pray on time, and after them do a voluntary prayer!” Muslim 2/127. Scholars have said that this hadeeth is evidence that these rulers do not become infidels by deliberately missing the times set aside for prayers. And if they became unfaithful for this reason, then the prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) would not have commanded to pray for them!” See at-Tamhid 4/234.
However, the question is this: Is a person who missed prayer for no reason obliged to make up for it?
Most scholars and imams of the four madhhabs believed that a person who missed a prayer for no reason must certainly make up for it. However, this opinion is not based on direct arguments from the Qur'an and Sunnah, but is based on an analogy with some hadiths.

Note:

Here it should be noted that not always the Sharia provision is based on a direct indication from the Koran or the Sunnah. There are many cases where it follows from circumstantial evidence. For example, in Islam there is no direct indication of the prohibition of the joint stay of strangers to each other men and women (ikhtilat), however, there are many indications in the Koran and Sunnah, from which the prohibition of this is extracted. Thus, Allah Almighty said: Stay in your homes and do not dress up as you dressed up in the days of the first ignorance! (al-Ahzab 33:33).
And the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: A woman deserves the greatest pleasure from her Lord when she stays in her house!” Ibn Khuzayma 3/93, Ibn Hibban 12/412, al-Bazzar 5/428, at-Tabarani 9/295. The authenticity of the hadith was confirmed by Imam ad-Darakutni, hafiz al-Munziri and al-Haysami.
He also said: The best rows in prayer for men are the first rows, and the worst rows are the last. Among women, the last rows are the best, and the first rows are the worst. Muslim 4/159.
He also said: “Never enter strangers!” Someone asked: “O Messenger of Allah, what about your husband’s relatives?” To this he replied: “Such a relative is death!” al-Bukhari 5232, Muslim 5/153.
He also said: “Let none of you be left alone with a strange woman, unless there is a close relative (mahram) with her!” al-Bukhari 5233, Muslim 9/109.
Thus, it becomes extremely clear that the joint stay of strangers to each other men and women in Islam is prohibited, despite the absence of a direct text from the Koran and the Sunnah prohibiting this!
Among the imams there were those who stated that all the scholars were unanimous in the obligatory fulfillment of such a prayer, and that no one believed otherwise, except for Ibn Hazm.
First of all, this statement was refuted by Hafiz Ibn Rajab in Sharh Sahih al-Bukhari 5/148, saying that there is no unanimous opinion on this issue.
Secondly, many scholars, both from among the first and subsequent generations, believed that one who missed a prayer without a Sharia reason does not compensate for it, but brings sincere repentance. This opinion was shared by many companions, among them 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, Ibn 'Umar, Sa'd ibn Abu Waqqas, Salman al-Farisi and Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with them), who believed that the prayer missed without reason, not replenished. Imam Ibn Hazm said: " And we do not know that any of the Companions contradicted them in this matter.". See al-Muhalla 2/235.
Also, this opinion was shared by many followers, including al-Qasim ibn Muhammad, Muhammad ibn Sirin, al-Hasan al-Basri, ‘Umar ibn ‘Abdul-‘Aziz and Mutarif ibn ‘Abdullah. Also, this opinion was preferred by such imams as al-Humaydi, al-Juzjani, al-Barbahari, Ibn Batta, Daoud, 'Izz ibn 'Abdu-Ssalyam, Ibn Taymiyyah, Ibn al-Qayyim, ash-Shaukani, al-Albani, Ibn Baz, Ibn 'Uthaymeen and others. See “Majmu'ul-fataawa” 40/22, “al-Insaf” 1/443, “Nailul-autar” 2/31, “Sahih fiqhu-Ssunna” 1/258.
Imam Ibn Batta said: " It is known that prayers have their own time, and the one who performs a prayer before the onset of its time will not be accepted by him, just like the one who performs it after the end of her time!” See Fathul Bari 5/147, Ibn Rajab.
Imam al-Barbahari said Allah will not accept obligatory prayers, except for those performed in due time, except for the one who forgot, for he has an excuse and performs a prayer as soon as he remembers it!” See Fathul Bari 5/148.
Sheikhul-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah said: " Reimbursement of a prayer for someone who missed it without a reason is not legal, and this (reimbursed) prayer is invalid! He should perform more voluntary prayers (as a form of repentance), and this is the opinion of the Salaf group!” See al-Ikhtiyarat 34.
Sheikh al-Albani said: " The words of those who consider it obligatory to make up for a prayer omitted knowingly without an acceptable reason do not rely on evidence. Compensation for such a prayer does not make sense, since praying outside of her time is like praying before her time. It makes no difference!” See as-Silsila ad-da'ifa 3/414 and as-Silsila as-sahiha 1/682.
Thus, we see that the statement that there is a unanimous opinion (ijma’) on this issue is not true, just as it is not true that it was the opinion of Ibn Hazm alone.
The opinion of scientists who do not recognize the completion of such prayers is the most correct for several reasons:
First of all, Allah Almighty has set a specific time for each prayer, saying: “Indeed, prayer is prescribed for the believers at certain times” (an-Nasai 4: 103).
Secondly, there are no orders from Allah or His prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) indicating the need to compensate for a prayer missed for no reason. As for the comparison with someone who overslept or forgot, this analogy is incorrect, because for someone who overslept or forgot to make a prayer, its fulfillment is a full atonement, while for someone who missed a prayer for no reason, its completion will no longer be atonement.
Thirdly, if the one who missed it without a reason was obliged to reimburse the prayer, then what is the point of the prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) to associate its reimbursement with such reasons as forgetfulness or sleep ?!
Fourth, the issue of compensation and atonement belongs to the decrees of Sharia, where it is not allowed to oblige anyone with anything other than what Allah and His prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) obligated. After all, there is no text indicating a similar type of worship as making up for prayers missed without a reason, and Allah said: “And your Lord does not forget!” (Maryam 19:64).
Fifth, the issue of reparable prayer outside of her time is not only about redemption, but also about whether such prayer is even valid. After all, the fulfillment of prayer refers to worship, and it is known that any worship is basically forbidden and invalid, except for what was indicated in the Sharia.
Can those who oblige to perform a prayer missed without a Sharia reason be able to say that Allah or His prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) obliged this prayer?! Certainly not, because there is no order for this either in the Qur'an or in the Sunnah! If they say that Allah did not oblige this prayer, but it needs to be compensated, just in case, then I would like to pay attention to this, since many scholars disagree with such an argument. And the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: Whoever introduces into our cause (religion) something that has nothing to do with it, it will be rejected!” Muslim 1/224.
After all, how many Muslims have fallen into error, relying on the opinion that a prayer missed for no reason can be made up! And how many Muslims, for unknown reasons, do not perform the five prayers on time, and then, at night, make up in order almost all five prayers missed during the day, thinking that by doing so they atoned for their sin!
The same is the case with those who, being a Muslim, have abandoned prayers and have not performed them consciously for several years. He should not make up for them, but should bring sincere repentance for such a great sin! If, as has already been said, even one prayer missed for no reason is not compensated, then it is natural that prayers missed for a long period are not made up all the more. See “Sahih fiqhu-Ssunna” 1/260.
Also, some Muslims order a person who converted to Islam to refund all the prayers that he had to perform when he reached the age of majority. This is an excess and a complication of the religion which Allah has made easy for His slaves by saying: “And He has not made any difficulty for you in religion” (al-Hajj 22:78) . After all, such a statement is not only not based on any argument, but it can also push a repentant person away from Islam! This opinion has no basis, and there were no reports that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) reimbursed himself or ordered his companions to complete prayers, but rather said: “Adoption of Islam erases all the sins that were before him”. Ahmad 4/198. Sheikh al-Albani called the hadeeth authentic.
Imam Ibn Nasr al-Maruazi said: " Muslims did not disagree that the prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) did not oblige any of the infidels who converted to Islam to compensate for any of the obligatory prescriptions!” See “Ta’zimu qadri-ssala” 1/186.