Coarse porous drainage concrete. Drainage concrete load-bearing layers Drainage concrete

Polymer concrete is one of the most recent inventions given to us by process engineers. The peculiarity of this building material is that it contains various polymer additives. Typical components of such concrete are styrene, polyamide resins, vinyl chloride, various latexes and other substances.

The use of admixtures makes it possible to change the structure and properties of the concrete mixture, to improve its technical performance. Due to its versatility and ease of production, polymer concrete is used in our time almost everywhere.

Kinds

There are two types of polymer concrete, each of which is used for certain types of construction work. The first option is filled polymer concrete. The structure of this material contains organic compounds that fill the voids between the filler (crushed stone, gravel, quartz sand).

The second option is frame molecular concrete. The voids between the fillers remain unfilled, and polymeric materials are needed to bond the particles together.

Polymer concrete is concrete in which the mineral binder in the form of cement and silicate is replaced in whole or in part by polymer components. The types are as follows:

• polymer cement - a polymer added to concrete, here it is 5-15% by weight of cement (phenol-formaldehyde resins, polyvinyl acetate, synthetic rubber, acrylic compounds). Very resistant to liquids, shocks and are used for airfield construction, brick and concrete finishing, ceramic and glass, stone slabs;
• plastoconcrete - instead of cement, thermosetting polymers (epoxy, phenol-formaldehyde and polyester) are used as part of the mixture, the main property of such concrete is high resistance to acids and alkalis and instability to temperatures and deformations. They are used to cover structures in protection against chemical aggression and to repair stone and concrete elements;
• concrete polymer is concrete impregnated after hardening with monomers that fill the pores and defects of concrete, which results in strength, frost resistance, and wear resistance.

Advantages and disadvantages

Why has polymer concrete become a worthy competitor to traditional building materials? It quickly hardens and becomes as strong as granite. The curing time frame is significantly shorter than the same period for ordinary concrete.

The polymer component gives its maximum tensile strength to concrete a week after pouring. Ordinary concrete takes about a month to do this.

The composition of concrete includes waste from agricultural and construction work. Previously, they were not processed in any way and in most cases were simply buried in the ground. The use of waste in the preparation of polymer concrete solves the issue of recycling and significantly reduces the negative impact on the environment.

Since these same wastes are distributed almost everywhere, there is already a good raw material base for the production of polymer concrete. No special additives and impurities are usually required to buy. The manufacturing technology of such concrete is available even for novice builders. In the process of preparing a concrete mix, everyone can experiment with the amount of additives and impurities, but the initial list of components remains unchanged.

The disadvantages of polymer concrete include a significant proportion of its artificial components. The composition of the mixture contains about 10% of substances of artificial origin. The second drawback is the lack of standardization according to GOST. It is impossible to be sure that exactly the concrete that is needed is on sale. The third drawback is the high cost due to the price of additives (resins, etc.).

Compound

Fly ash is one of the most important components of polymer concrete. This substance is a product of coal combustion. The use of fly ash as an admixture has a filling effect on fresh concrete. The filling effect is based on the ability of the smallest coal particles to fill all voids and porous formations. The smaller the size of the ash particles, the more fully this effect is observed. Thanks to this feature of fly ash, hardened concrete becomes much stronger and stronger than usual.

Another important component of the concrete mixture is liquid glass. It has excellent adhesive ability and low cost. Its addition to polymer concrete will be very useful if the finished structure will be outdoors or exposed to constant water.

The technical characteristics of multi-type polymer concrete are higher than those of other standard ones and, moreover, it is environmentally friendly - it can be used in the construction of buildings in the food industry. The averages are as follows:

• linear shrinkage 0.2-1.5%;
• porosity - 1-2%;
• compressive strength - 20-100 MPa;
• resistance to heat - 100-180С;
• measure of creep - 0.3-0.5 kg / cm2;
• resistance to aging - 4-6 points.

This type of mixture is used as a structural and decorative finishing material.

Self-manufacturing technology

If you have the necessary knowledge and appropriate materials, you can prepare polymer concrete with your own hands. But it should be noted that there is no definite recipe for the preparation of such concrete, the balance of components is determined on the basis of practical experiments.

The technology for the preparation of polymer concrete is quite simple. Water and a small amount of cement are poured into the concrete mixer. Then slag and fly ash are added in equal amounts. All components are thoroughly mixed. Next comes the turn of the various polymeric components. They are added to the previous ingredients, after which the mixture must be mixed again.

Liquid glass, PVA glue, various water-soluble resins are suitable as a polymer additive. PVA glue can be used in any quantity, as it is an excellent filler with good viscosity. Its addition to the concrete solution significantly improves the resistance parameters of the finished structure, and reduces the percentage of shrinkage.
The ratio between polymers and binders can be from 5:1 to 12:1.

Application

The most rational is the use of polymer concretes as decorative and protective products made of concrete or metal. It is advisable to carry out one or another design entirely only in some cases. Usually this is the manufacture of electrolysis or pickling baths, pipelines or containers for aggressive liquids. The manufacture of building or enclosing structures from this material does not seem to be either expedient or economically viable.

Polymer concrete has a high resistance to external influences, so it can be installed without additional reinforcement. But if there is still a need for an additional margin of safety, then fiberglass or steel is used to reinforce polymer concrete. Other elements, such as carbon fiber, for example, are used much less frequently.

The technical capabilities of polymer concrete make it a convenient and inexpensive material for the manufacture of building decorative elements. To obtain different colors, dyes are added to ready-made solutions, and to give the desired size, they are poured into specially prepared forms. The resulting polymer concrete products are very similar in color and texture to marble, but the cost of such structures is much lower.

• mineral composition
• contains trails
• specially selected fractions of aggregates allow laying a permeable bonded carrier layer with a void content of more than 20%, which reduces the risk of destruction and fading of the road surface due to freezing of standing water
• simple and easy to use

Application

• for outdoor work
• suitable for making water-permeable bearing and sub-bases for pedestrian loads (use category N1 according to ZTV Wegebau)
• for laying pavers, concrete stones and natural stone slabs

Properties

• prefabricated dry mix
• cement according to GOST 30515-2013
• routes according to DIN 51043
• aggregates with particle size from 2.0 to 8.0 mm according to GOST 8736-93
• contains additives to improve the properties of the solution

Foundation preparation

Sufficiently compacted load-bearing bases made of gravel or crushed stone are suitable as a base, preventing the capillary rise of water from the soil, as well as seasoned concrete or cement-sand screeds that can withstand design loads (for example, on terraces and balconies) with a slope of 1.5-3.0 %. When laying the slabs on solid or waterproof substrates, seepage water must be drained, for example by laying flat drainage mats, gutters, etc. Water stagnation on impervious substrates must be avoided by creating an appropriate slope.

Execution of work

Pour 1/2 of the volume of the dry mix bag into a gravity or paddle mixer with a precisely measured amount of water (~ 2.8-3.2 l). Start stirring the mixture until a mobile (liquid) consistency without lumps is reached. Then, without stopping mixing, gradually add the rest of the contents from the dry mix bag and continue mixing until the consistency of "wet earth". Avoid the formation of lumps of the mixture during mixing.

• The thickness of the TGM sub-base in compacted condition will depend on the type of underlying base and expected loads, but should not be less than 40 mm when laid on a concrete base and at least 60 mm when laid on a crushed stone base
• when using TGM drainage concrete as a bearing layer, its thickness must be at least 100 mm
• adding more than the recommended amount of water will cause the solution to lose its drainage properties
• mortar pot life may vary depending on water temperature, dry mix temperature and ambient air temperature
• take into account the slowdown in the increase in the strength of the solution at a hardening temperature below +15 ° C
• the fresh mortar must be protected from drying out too quickly and protected from adverse weather conditions (scorching sun, rain, strong wind, frost, etc.). If necessary, cover the solution with a film.
• it is not allowed to carry out work at air and base temperatures below +5°С and above +30°С
• do not add cement, lime or gypsum to the mortar
• do not dilute the cured solution with water

Consumption

Consumption depends on the unevenness of the base. When laying on flat surfaces, the consumption is approximately 16 kg / m ^ 2 per 10 mm of mortar layer thickness.

Solution output

Approximately 24 liters of fresh mortar is obtained from 40 kg of dry mix.

Shelf life

Store packaged, on wooden pallets, avoiding moisture and ensuring the safety of the package, in covered dry warehouses with a relative humidity of not more than 60%. Shelf life in undamaged packaging - 12 months from the date of manufacture

Notes

This product contains cement, so when water is added, an alkaline chemical reaction occurs. Protect eyes and skin from contact with the mixture. In case of contact with the mixture, rinse it with water. If the mixture gets into the eyes, seek medical attention immediately. See also the information on the packaging. This information is based on extensive testing and practical experience, but does not apply to every application of the product. Therefore, we advise you to first carry out a trial application of the product as necessary. Subject to further product development, technical changes are subject to change. Otherwise, our general business rules apply. Since the publication of this technical description, all previous ones become invalid.

The route drainage concrete quick-mix TGM 2/8 is used for permeable bonded (rigid) bearing layers. For pedestrian loads. For laying paving stones and natural stone slabs on the outside.

Characteristics:
• mineral composition;
• contains traces;


• specially selected fractions of aggregates allow laying a permeable bonded carrier layer with a void content of more than 20%, which reduces the risk of destruction and fading of the road surface due to freezing of standing water;
• simple and easy to use.

Properties:
• dry mix of factory production;
• cement according to GOST 30515-2013;
• routes according to DIN 51043;
• fillers with particle size from 2.0 to 8.0 mm according to GOST 8736-93;
• contains additives to improve the properties of the solution.

Application:
• for outdoor work;
• suitable for making water-permeable bearing and sub-bases for pedestrian traffic (use category N1 according to ZTV Wegebau;)
• for laying paving stones, concrete stones and natural stone slabs.

Instructions for use of route drainage concrete quick-mix TGM 2/8

Foundation preparation

Sufficiently compacted load-bearing bases made of gravel or crushed stone are suitable as a base, preventing the capillary rise of water from the soil, as well as seasoned concrete or cement-sand screeds that can withstand design loads (for example, on terraces and balconies) with a slope of 1.5-3.0 %.

When laying the slabs on solid or waterproof substrates, seepage water must be drained, for example by laying flat drainage mats, gutters, etc. Water stagnation on impervious substrates must be avoided by creating an appropriate slope.

Execution of work

Pour 1/2 of the volume of the dry mix bag into a gravity or paddle mixer with a precisely measured amount of water (~ 2.8-3.2 l). Start stirring the mixture until a mobile (liquid) consistency without lumps is reached. Then, without stopping mixing, gradually add the rest of the contents from the dry mix bag and continue mixing until the consistency of "wet earth". Avoid the formation of lumps of the mixture during mixing.

Paving stones or stone are laid on a fresh layer of TGM drainage concrete using the “fresh on fresh” technique. To improve adhesion, it is necessary to pre-treat the back surfaces of paving stones or stone with TNH-flex adhesive mortar-slurry and level them after laying with a rubber mallet. Natural stone slabs with a strongly profiled back can be laid on a hardened, cleaned TGM drainage concrete layer after about 3 days, for example with TNM-flex natural stone routing mortar. In this case, the penetration of the solution into the seams should not be allowed.

• The thickness of the TGM sub-base in the compacted state will depend on the type of underlying base and expected loads, but should not be less than 40 mm when laid on a concrete base and at least 60 mm when laid on a crushed stone base;
• when using TGM drainage concrete as a bearing layer, its thickness must be at least 100 mm;
• adding water more than the recommended amount will lead to a loss of drainage properties of the solution;
• the life of the solution may vary depending on the temperature of the water, the temperature of the dry mix and the ambient air temperature;
• it is necessary to take into account the slowdown in the increase in the strength of the solution at a hardening temperature below +15 ° C;
• fresh mortar should be protected from too rapid drying and protected from adverse weather conditions (scorching sun, rain, strong wind, frost, etc.). If necessary, cover the solution with a film.
• it is not allowed to carry out work at air and base temperatures below +5°C and above +30°C;
• do not add cement, lime or gypsum to the solution;
• do not dilute the cured solution with water.

Consumption

Consumption depends on the unevenness of the base. When laying on even surfaces, the consumption is approximately 16 kg/m 2 per 10 mm mortar layer thickness.

Solution output

Approximately 24 liters of fresh mortar is obtained from 40 kg of dry mix.

Shelf life

Store packaged, on wooden pallets, avoiding moisture and ensuring the safety of the package, in covered dry warehouses with a relative humidity of not more than 60%. Shelf life in undamaged packaging - 12 months from the date of manufacture.

Note

This product contains cement, so when water is added, an alkaline chemical reaction occurs. Protect eyes and skin from contact with the mixture. In case of contact with the mixture, rinse it with water. If the mixture gets into the eyes, seek medical attention immediately. See also the information on the packaging.

Drainage concrete (DBT) bearing layers are used to improve drainage. If water is not drained under the road surface, a so-called “pumping effect” can occur on the bearing layer and road surface as a result of high traffic, leading to damage and defects. Washing out of the base layer material leads to the formation of voids, leading to breaks in the concrete pavement. To a greater extent, low-lying roads (low drainage points) are prone to this, where water is drained from large areas. Carrier layers of drainage concrete can be used over the entire surface or on certain dangerous sections of the road and dramatically improve the drainage situation.
Bearing layers of drainage concrete are installed under the tile flooring or paving stones. With a water-permeable surface reinforcement, the bearing layers of drainage concrete meet the requirements for high stability and sufficient infiltration of rainwater.

1. General information

Drainage concrete is a concrete with a large-pore loose structure containing the required amount of mortar with fine-grained sand, which contributes to the enveloping of the granular aggregate and the point adhesion of its components (Fig. 3). Between the grains of the aggregate, voids are formed that are not filled with a solution with fine-grained sand. In the bearing layer of drainage concrete, the content of these voids is from 15% of the volume.
The applications of drainage concrete are varied, ranging from filter pipes, drainage stones and drainage concrete bearing layers to modified drainage concrete pavements, which not only contribute to good drainage, but also to reduce traffic noise due to the high sound absorption of the large-pore loose structure. This specification covers only load-bearing layers of drained concrete laid under pavement or under tile decking and pavers.

2. Basic principles of construction

The principles for the construction of load-bearing layers of drainage concrete are presented in the specification of the Research Institute of Communications "Bear-bearing layers of drainage concrete". Features of the use of drainage concrete under permeable tile flooring and pavers are described in the specification "Permeable pavement reinforcements".

Base. The basis for load-bearing layers of drainage concrete are both unbound permeable layers, such as frost protection layers, and bound dense layers, such as reinforcements, in which water can drain from the surface and be removed through a lateral drainage.

Design. Bearing layers of drainage concrete can be laid both over all surfaces and in separate areas at the lowest points of drainage. When laying in separate sections under roadsides at the lowest points of the slope, the thickness of the bearing layer with drainage concrete corresponds to the thickness of the adjacent bearing layer. When continuous laying of the bearing layer of drainage concrete, for example, under additional traffic lanes (Fig. 6), the thickness of the layer can be different.

It must be ensured that rainwater seeping into the drainage concrete base layer is drained through the side drain.
Beneath the concrete pavement, the inner edge of the drainage concrete carrier layer in new construction must have a protrusion of at least 20 cm in relation to the longitudinal joint of the concrete pavement located above it (for example, between the shoulder and the traffic lane) to receive seepage water. If the drainage concrete base course and/or the adjacent base course are made by mixing on site, then the drainage concrete base course should protrude 50 cm above the joint. from drainage concrete, which allows you to create uniform support conditions and a drainage zone of 20 cm.

Table 1: Requirements for the bearing layer of drainage concrete according to the norms

When forming the outer edge of the bearing layer from drainage concrete, the requirements for bearing layers in accordance with the ZTVT-StB standards apply. According to these regulations, under the concrete pavement, it is necessary to provide a bearing layer (for example, a bearing layer of drainage concrete), the width of which will be greater than the dimensions required in accordance with the paving method used (for example, the width of the working surface of a concrete finishing machine). However, the protrusion should not be less than 35 cm. The bearing layer of drainage concrete under the paving stones:
When laying a carrier layer of drainage concrete under pavers or tile decks, the thickness of the carrier layer must comply with the requirements for carrier layers with hydraulic binders, as defined in the directives for the standardization of the surface part of public roads (RStO). As a general rule, a geotextile interlayer should be placed between the drained concrete base layer and the paving ballast layer in order to prevent fine components of the ballast layer from penetrating into the voids of the drained concrete base layer and to ensure sufficient seepage resistance to erosion.

3. Building materials

The drainage concrete base layer must use the same binder used in the adjacent hydraulically bonded base layer. The cement must comply with DIN EN 197. Grained aggregate or mineral substances must pass the quality control and comply with the requirements. Recycled concrete aggregates may be used if their suitability has been proven. In the specification of work, it is necessary to indicate the possibility of using secondary building materials. The maximum grain size should not exceed 32 mm. For drainage concrete load-bearing layers, different curves are used with a discontinuous particle size distribution in the 2/4 or 4/8 mm range. Large voids require low sand content. For fractions > 8 mm, crushed granular aggregate or round-grained material can be used, while it should be taken into account that crushed material (crushed stone) increases the tensile strength in bending. In order to obtain uniformly large voids, when using coarse granular aggregate, fractions > 8 mm are subject to special requirements regarding the shape of the grains. The content of grains of elongated and flat shape (the ratio of length to thickness is more than 3: 1) should not exceed 20% by weight.

The use of additives and additives that comply with the requirements of DIN 1045 or are approved by building authorities is permitted.
Any natural water can be used as the addition water, as long as it does not contain substances that prevent hardening. In case of doubt, research should be carried out. When using residual water, the provisions of the directive of the German Reinforced Concrete Committee "Concrete production using residual water, residual concrete and mortar" must be observed.

4. Building mixtures (composition, mixing)

The suitable composition of the drainage concrete base layer is determined by suitability testing. In this case, it is necessary to adhere to the requirements for the properties of the bearing layers of the drainage coating presented in Table 1. Empirical data on the composition of the mixture from the specification are given in Table 2.
When constructing a drainage concrete base layer, the water content data determined during suitability tests should be followed as closely as possible. The water-cement ratio, as a rule, should not exceed 0.40. Bearing layers of drainage concrete react even to a slight decrease in water content, which is reflected in their strength. When using residual concrete aggregate, the water and cement content increases (see table 2).

Table 2: Empirical data on the composition of the mixture according to

1) Higher values ​​are used for recycled concrete

The high content of cement and sand contributes to a linear increase in compressive strength, but reduces the content of voids and water permeability. While the void content decreases slightly due to the increased cement content, the increase in sand content results in a significant reduction. This should be taken into account especially when mixing on site. Mortar grain fractions smaller than 2 mm are subject to special requirements with regard to limit deviations between the content obtained during suitability tests and the actual content. The suitability test data for fractions smaller than 2 mm should not be less than 3% by weight and not more than 5% by weight. For fractions > 8 mm, requirements apply. Table 3 presents selected samples of the composition of the mixture of load-bearing layers of drainage concrete, taken from the literature.

Drainage concrete base layers can be produced in a central mixing plant or mixed on site. When mixing in a mixing plant, the mixing time after adding all the components is at least 60 s.
Mixing in place requires special soil mixer equipment. One moistening of granular mixtures is not enough, since the granulometric composition of the carrier layer of drainage concrete provides water runoff. It is recommended to supply water with a spray head over the milling shaft.

5. Execution

Laying of load-bearing layers of drainage concrete is carried out, as a rule, with the help of pavers or graders. When laying the mixture, the following points must be observed:
Laying while mixing in a central mixing plant
- before laying, ensure that the finished building mixture is protected from drying out or rain
- when laying in strips, the carrier layer of drainage concrete must be laid on the not yet hardened adjacent hydraulically bonded carrier layer, first lay the dense carrier layer, and then the carrier layer of drainage concrete
- pre-compaction with the paver bar (fig. 1 and 2)
- rolling with a smooth roller without vibration (Fig. 5)

Table 3: Examples of the composition of the mixture of load-bearing layers of drainage concrete

Laying when mixing in place
- laying a layer across the entire width in one pass. Splicing leads to uneven density and strength
- first sand and coarse grains are fed, then cement is added, water is supplied during the milling process
- the content of granular aggregate necessary to achieve the planned layer thickness and height arrangement is determined during the preliminary tests
- pressing the finished mixture with a smooth roller
- rolling with a smooth roller without vibration

Table 4: Tests for load-bearing layers of drained concrete

Combined mixing in a central mixing plant and on site The temperature of the finished building mix during installation must be > 5 °C. At air temperatures > 25 °C, the temperature of the mortar must be checked regularly. It must not exceed +30 °C.
To protect against drying, the drainage concrete base layer must be treated immediately after installation. It is advisable to cover with a water-retaining material (for example, damp jute cloth) or synthetic film. The film must be secured against shifting when exposed to wind. Aging must be carried out for at least three days. Irrigation with water is allowed only in exceptional cases. During the first 7 days after laying, the drainage concrete bearing layer must be protected from freezing temperatures.

In rainy weather, it is advisable to use a concrete stabilizing admixture during the placement of a drainage concrete base layer when mixed in a central mixing plant, which will help prevent a thin film of mortar from being washed off the granular aggregate. The finished bearing layer of drainage concrete is checked by the construction contractor for the straightness of the profile, horizontality and thickness of the layer (see table 4). In this case, the requirements for carrier layers in accordance with ZTVT-StB 95 apply.

notching

In a freshly laid condition, longitudinal and transverse cuts must be made on the bearing layer of drainage concrete in those points where the longitudinal and transverse seams of the subsequently laid concrete coating will pass. Particular attention (position and depth) should be given to the creation of longitudinal cuts in the area of ​​the inner edge of the drainage concrete bearing layer (fig. 4a and 4b).

Bearing layer of drainage concrete under paving stones

The drainage concrete base layer under paving stones and tile covering must be separated using longitudinal and transverse cuts at a distance of not more than 5 m. The coatings mentioned above should be left on the base course of the drainage pavement until the concrete pavement is laid.
If during the construction process a long time elapses between the laying of the drainage cover and the concrete cover, there is a risk of erosion of the subgrade under the drainage cover, as rainwater seeps through it.
If the laying of these layers is interrupted for a long time, appropriate measures must be taken, such as strengthening the base.

6. Tests

Tests are divided into:
- suitability tests (carried out by the contractor, confirmation of the suitability of the particle size distribution of the mixture)
- own verification control (carried out by the contractor, confirmation of properties)
- control tests
(carried out by the customer, checking the properties of the bearing layer of drainage concrete and the work performed in accordance with contractual requirements).

Route drainage concrete for the installation of permeable bonded (rigid) load-bearing bases. For pedestrian loads. For laying paving stones and natural stone slabs.

Characteristics:

Specially selected fractions of aggregates allow laying a permeable bonded carrier layer with a void content of more than 20%, which reduces the risk of destruction and fading of the road surface due to freezing of standing water;

The solution is designed to create a permeable base for paving stones and slabs of natural or ceramic stone;

Mineral composition;

Suitable for the installation of water-permeable bearing layers in areas with pedestrian traffic.

Application:

For outdoor and works;

Suitable for the installation of water-permeable bearing and sub-bases for pedestrian traffic (use category N1 ZTV Wegebau);

For laying paving stones, porcelain stoneware slabs, and natural stone.

Properties:

Dry mix of factory production;

Cement according to GOST 30515-2013

Route according to DIN 51043

Aggregates size 2-8mm according to GOST 8736-93

Contains additives to improve the properties of the solution.

Foundation preparation:

As a base for TGM, concrete or cement screeds with a slope of 1.5-3% or a compacted base of gravel or crushed stone are suitable.

When laying the slabs on waterproof substrates, it is necessary to ensure the drainage of water, for example, by means of drainage mats, gutters, etc. Water stagnation on waterproof substrates must be avoided by creating an appropriate slope. paving scheme with TGM and PFF overlays or zone (N1 according to ZTV Wegebau pedestrian zone):

Work order:

Pour 1/2 of the 40 kg bag volume into a gravity or paddle mixer with a precisely measured amount of water (2.8-3.2 l). Start stirring the mixture until it reaches a liquid consistency without lumps. Then, without stopping the rotation of the drum, gradually add the rest of the contents of the bag and continue to mix until the consistency of "wet earth". Avoid the formation of lumps of the mixture during mixing.

When laying paving stones and stone using the Fresh on Fresh technique, it is necessary to use a mortar to improve adhesion.

Natural stone slabs with a strongly profiled back can be laid on a hardened, cleaned TGM drainage concrete layer after about 3 days, for example with TNM-flex natural stone routing mortar. In this case, the penetration of the solution into the seams should not be allowed.

Thickness of the TGM layer Must be at least 40mm on a concrete base, 60mm on a compacted crushed stone base and 100mm when using mortar on sand.

Diagrams of waterproof paving systems with TGM mortar

Ceramic tile or porcelain stoneware flooring with waterproof grout. On a permeable carrier base without the use of binders (

Flooring of ceramic tiles or porcelain stoneware with watertight joints on a watertight concrete slab ( zone N1 according to ZTV Wegebau pedestrian zone):

Recommendations for working with drainage concrete mortar TGM quick-mix:

The thickness of the compacted TGM sub-base will depend on the type of sub-base and expected loads, but should not be less than 40 mm when laid on a concrete base and not less than 60 mm when laid on a crushed stone base;

When using TGM drainage concrete as a bearing layer, its thickness must be at least 100mm;

Solution pot life may vary depending on ambient temperature;

Consideration should be given to slowing down the hardening of the solution at an air temperature below 15 ° C;

The fresh mortar should be protected from drying out too quickly and protected from adverse weather conditions (scorching sun, rain, strong wind, frost, etc.). If necessary, cover the mortar with a film.